325:, (D Michigan). In the Senate, the bill was debated for two days and then passed on July 23, 1964, with 61 Senators in favor, 34 opposed. In the House, the Senate-passed bill was debated for four days and passed by a vote of 226 to 185, on August 8, 1964. The debate and voting in both the House and Senate was highly partisan with Republicans questioning states' rights and southern Democrats the racial integration provisions (see Tables below). The Senate adopted the House-passed bill that same day and twelve days later on August 20, 1964, the bill was signed by President Johnson. The Economic Opportunity Act was announced by the president in his first
544:, which sought to eliminate poverty which President Johnson saw as: "... it's wastage of resources and human lives...." The aim was to bring Americans closer, away from "the outskirts of hope." By 1966, the program was under scrutiny from Republicans. They pointed out the waste and inefficiency in local programs and Nixon pledged to "take the profit out of poverty." LBJ was proud of the progress he had made with the passage of his bill, including 9.1 million acres of forestry that was set for harvest, the creation of Medicare, and funding injected into state schools. Funding that was for his poverty legislation were diverted to
40:
246:
the State and local level. For the war against poverty will not be won here in
Washington. It must be won in the field, in every private home, in every public office, from the courthouse to the White House. Very often, a lack of jobs and money is not the cause of poverty, but the symptom. Our aim is not only to relieve the symptoms of poverty but to cure it–and above all, to prevent it. No single piece of legislation, however, is going to suffice.
467:
1630:
557:
Overall, the GAO determined that the poverty programs were working at the time. While there is debate about the impact of the act, the fact is that poverty rate fell dramatically within 10 years of its passage. According to the US Census Bureau the poverty rate in
America 1964 stood at 19.0%. By 1973 the poverty rate was 11.3%, according to the Census Bureau. The act was essentially repealed under the
302:
561:
administration in 1981, although much of the main features still remain. The remaining pieces of social legislation are reconfigured and adjusted, such as Head Start, which is now under the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Head Start.
556:
by the federal government. The conclusion was that programs such as Head Start were effective in providing for children, but the primary objective of parent participation was insufficient. Community Action
Programs were behind administratively and underachieved given the amount of money designated.
266:
First, to provide jobs and training, especially for those young people now growing up in poverty, and increasingly condemned by lack of economic opportunity to repeat the cycle over again. Second, to begin the process of planning and organizing that will bring the entire resources of a community to
245:
This administration today here and now declares unconditional war on poverty in
America. I urge this Congress and all Americans to join me in that effort Poverty is a national problem, requiring improved national organization and support. But this attack, to be effective, must also be organized at
292:
In his 1964 Special
Message to Congress, President Johnson declared "The Act does not merely expand on old programs or improve what was already being done. It charts a new course. It strikes at the causes of poverty…Not just the consequences of poverty. It can be a milestone in our 180-year search
524:
The legislation also authorized the
Economic Opportunity Council, which led to the launch of smaller independent groups that worked with communities to establish better economic climates. Government took charge for providing a means to provide basic literacy to adults. The idea was not wealth
289:, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 was created "to eliminate the paradox of poverty on the midst of plenty in this nation by opening…. To everyone… the opportunity for education and training, the opportunity to work, and the opportunity to live in decency and dignity."
528:
One of the main provisions of the act was the federal government's authority to bypass states in sending funds directly to local governments. This was one of the ways the federal government was able to bypass the southern states that did not cooperate with federal law.
513:
Work
Experience provides payments for experimental, pilot, and demonstration projects to expand opportunities for work experience and needed training of persons who are unable to support or care for themselves or their families, including persons receiving public
490:
Urban and Rural
Community Action provides financial and technical assistance to public and private nonprofit agencies for community action programs developed with "maximum feasible participation" of the poor and giving "promise of progress toward elimination of
262:, Secretary Wirtz stated, "It has become clear that America is not going to put up with poverty amidst prosperity. We realize that by itself prosperity is not going to get rid of poverty." He emphasized that the War on Poverty had two central objectives:
1410:
280:
On March 16, 1964, President
Johnson called for the act in his Special Message to Congress that presented his proposal for a nationwide war on the sources of poverty. The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 was passed as a part of LBJ's
257:
during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, was a major proponent of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. During a June 17, 1967, hearing before the Select Committee on Poverty of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare of the
271:
The War on Poverty attacked the roots and consequences of poverty by creating job opportunities, increasing productivity, and enhancing the quality of life. The aim was not to end poverty but to eradicate the principal causes of it.
506:
Assistance for Migrant Agricultural Employees provides assistance to state and local governments, public and private nonprofit agencies or individuals in operating programs to assist migratory workers and their families with basic
1001:
927:
717:
206:. These agencies are directly regulated by the federal government. "It is the purpose of The Economic Opportunity Act to strengthen, supplement, and coordinate efforts in furtherance of that policy".
497:
provides grants to state educational agencies for programs of instruction for persons eighteen years and older whose inability to read and write English is an impediment to employment.
1320:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1315:
1195:
487:
Work Study provides grants to colleges and universities for part-time employment of students from low-income families who need to earn money to pursue their education.
1383:
500:
Voluntary Assistance for Needy Children establishes an information and coordination center to encourage voluntary assistance for deserving and needy children.
1405:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1176:
510:
Employment and Investment Incentives provides loans and guarantees, not in excess of $ 25,000 to a single borrower, for the benefit of very small businesses.
1147:
520:(VISTA) recruits, selects, trains, and refers volunteers to state or local agencies or private nonprofit organizations to perform duties to combat poverty.
1310:
1295:
1089:
656:
1368:
1187:
484:
Neighborhood Youth Corps provides work and training for young men and women, ages sixteen to twenty-one, from impoverished families and neighborhoods.
1437:
1432:
1285:
1338:
1330:
1272:
1199:
1660:
630:
583:
481:
provides work, basic education, and training in separate residential centers for young men and young women, from ages sixteen to twenty-one.
1670:
1455:
1290:
503:
Loans to Rural Families provides loans not exceeding $ 2,500 that assist low income rural families in permanently increasing their income.
1427:
1422:
1417:
1378:
1373:
1179:
1675:
1115:
549:
133:
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1168:
1140:
1105:
609:
106:
98:
1300:
1280:
563:
1655:
1531:
1474:
1260:
59:
566:(CSBG) which replaced the funding from direct funding to block grants with over 1200 plus community action agencies.
525:
distribution, but to provide poor families with a means to provide for their family to a decent standard of living.
1633:
1133:
326:
238:
190:
82:
1305:
39:
1581:
1233:
1228:
286:
313:
the task of developing a bill to wage the war against poverty in the United States. The bill was presented to
1569:
1557:
1545:
1504:
664:
314:
50:
An Act to mobilize the human and financial resources of the Nation to combat poverty in the United States.
1120:
1460:
1077:
1081:
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1097:
1033:
944:
859:
734:
259:
1563:
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322:
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553:
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1240:
1110:
545:
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762:"Modern History Sourcebook:President Lyndon B. Johnson: The War on Poverty, March 1964"
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814:
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147:
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bear on the specific problem of breaking up the cycle of poverty in that community.
199:
91:
301:
1488:
1587:
900:
788:
202:) authorized the formation of local Community Action Agencies as part of the
1245:
478:
137:
661:
Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union January 8, 1964
110:
1092:
1125:
705:. Belmont, CA: Dickenson Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 164–174.
690:. Belmont, CA: Dickenson Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 164–174.
465:
300:
317:
in March, 1964. It was introduced in the House by Representative
1129:
1339:
United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937
860:"Major Acts of Congress: The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964"
1003:
A History and Analysis of the Adult Education Act, 1964-1984
929:
A History and Analysis of the Adult Education Act, 1964-1984
719:
A History and Analysis of the Adult Education Act, 1964-1984
1034:"Major Acts of Congress | Economic Opportunity Act of 1964"
945:"Major Acts of Congress | Economic Opportunity Act of 1964"
735:"Major Acts of Congress | Economic Opportunity Act of 1964"
562:
The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 was replaced by The
766:
Proposal for A Nationwide War On The Sources of Poverty'
1344:
1938 United States House of Representatives elections
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1446:
1329:
1269:
1210:
116:
97:
78:
73:
65:
54:
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191:
83:
224:Tend to health and financial needs of the elderly
221:Increase the net gain for the poor and unemployed
905:Department of Community Service and Development
264:
243:
1389:Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960
1141:
233:The War on Poverty was declared by President
8:
1369:United States Senate special elections, 1941
552:, then General Accounting Office, to review
321:, (D Georgia), and in the Senate by Senator
32:
1311:Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs
1296:Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park
1148:
1134:
1126:
703:The Great Society A Sourcebook of Speeches
688:The Great Society A Sourcebook of Speeches
1061:A Historical Guide to the U.S. Government
887:A Historical Guide to the U.S. Government
1433:1960 United States presidential election
1286:Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum
474:The act included eleven major programs:
398:
336:
309:In January 1964, President Johnson gave
575:
329:as the keystone of the war on poverty.
631:"The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964"
584:"The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964"
31:
27:Civil rights law of the United States
7:
1456:Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture
1291:Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland
864:The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
839:. Civic Impulse, LLC. August 8, 1964
793:The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
768:. Internet Modern History Sourcebook
293:for a better life for your people."
1418:Democratic National Convention 1956
1374:1948 United States Senate elections
1180:Vice President of the United States
1169:36th President of the United States
1000:Ellis, Jeanine (October 24, 1984).
989:. New York: Norton. pp. 68–69.
926:Ellis, Jeanine (October 24, 1984).
716:Ellis, Jeanine (October 24, 1984).
1540:Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson
196:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
88:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
25:
548:. In 1967, Congress directed the
1629:
1628:
1098:Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
1078:Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
1063:. New York: Oxford. p. 367.
1038:Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
949:Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
889:. New York: Oxford. p. 367.
739:Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
550:Government Accountability Office
518:Volunteers in Service to America
218:Expand educational opportunities
187:Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
164:Senate agreed to House amendment
38:
33:Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
1093:Statute Compilations collection
987:Essentials of American Politics
974:. New York: Norton. p. 92.
633:. US Government. Archived from
586:. US Government. Archived from
1301:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
1111:Johnson's Great Society Speech
610:"The Economic Opportunity Act"
564:Community Services Block Grant
537:The act was part of President
1:
1316:Memorial Grove on the Potomac
1661:Poverty in the United States
1019:Sarfe's Political Dictionary
657:"State of the Union Address"
128:in the Senate as S. 2642 by
1671:88th United States Congress
1475:The Years of Lyndon Johnson
1116:Johnson's Inaugural Address
970:Ginsberg, Benjamin (2007).
305:Signing of the Poverty Bill
60:88th United States Congress
1692:
1246:Texas Broadcasting Company
1059:Kurian, George T. (1998).
885:Kurian, George T. (1998).
327:State of the Union Address
239:State of the Union Address
1597:
1306:Lyndon Baines Johnson Day
1163:
166:on August 8, 1964 ()
121:
37:
1676:1964 in economic history
1582:George Washington Baines
1234:Civil Rights Act of 1960
1229:Civil Rights Act of 1957
985:Spitzer, Robert (2002).
789:"Major Acts of Congress"
470:Economic Opportunity Act
287:Civil Rights Act of 1964
156:on August 8, 1964 (
18:Economic Opportunity Act
1570:Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr.
1558:Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.
1546:Lynda Bird Johnson Robb
1188:U.S. Senator from Texas
1017:Sarfe, William (2008).
701:Capp, Glenn R. (1967).
686:Capp, Glenn R. (1967).
146:on July 23, 1964 (
1666:Great Society programs
1484:(1991 television film)
1218:Early years and career
795:. McMillan-Thomas Gale
471:
306:
269:
248:
907:. State of California
554:anti-poverty programs
495:Adult Basic Education
469:
304:
1656:1964 in American law
1576:Joseph Wilson Baines
1106:US Statutes at Large
817:. Civic Impulse, LLC
637:on February 14, 2005
590:on February 14, 2005
338:Table 1 Senate Bill
260:United States Senate
241:on January 8, 1964:
1584:(great-grandfather)
1564:Sam Houston Johnson
1552:Luci Baines Johnson
1196:U.S. Representative
1032:Pollak, Stephen J.
1021:. New York: Oxford.
943:Pollak, Stephen J.
858:Pollak, Stephen J.
787:Landberg, Brian K.
733:Pollak, Stephen J.
401:
400:Table 2 House Bill
339:
285:. Encompassing the
130:Patrick V. McNamara
117:Legislative history
34:
1321:U.S. Postage stamp
1224:Southern Manifesto
815:"Senate Vote #452"
472:
438:Southern Democrats
427:Northern Democrats
399:
376:Southern Democrats
365:Northern Democrats
337:
307:
255:Secretary of Labor
176:on August 20, 1964
1643:
1642:
1621:Hubert Humphrey →
1603:← John F. Kennedy
1251:Johnson Amendment
1157:Lyndon B. Johnson
1121:Johnson's Website
837:"House Vote #201"
667:on March 25, 2011
459:
458:
397:
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235:Lyndon B. Johnson
215:Eliminate poverty
183:
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174:Lyndon B. Johnson
144:Passed the Senate
100:Statutes at Large
16:(Redirected from
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251:W. Willard Wirtz
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160:) with amendment
154:Passed the House
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35:
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1691:
1690:
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1617:← Richard Nixon
1610:Richard Nixon →
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140:) on March 1964
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1469:Johnson cult
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1448:Public image
1281:Bibliography
1261:Bashir Ahmad
1102:78 Stat. 508
1100:as enacted (
1080:as amended (
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1522:(2017 film)
1514:(2014 film)
1497:All the Way
1492:(2002 film)
1490:Path to War
1202:(1937–1949)
1190:(1949–1961)
1182:(1961–1963)
1171:(1963–1969)
514:assistance.
416:Republicans
354:Republicans
333:Vote totals
297:Legislation
1650:Categories
1588:Chuck Robb
1554:(daughter)
1548:(daughter)
1411:withdrawal
1270:Legacy and
570:References
533:Evaluation
126:Introduced
79:Public law
47:Long title
1566:(brother)
1505:2016 film
1501:2012 play
1331:Elections
1273:memorials
1104:) in the
1088:) in the
1044:March 28,
955:March 28,
911:March 27,
901:"History"
870:March 27,
799:March 28,
772:March 28,
745:March 28,
641:March 27,
615:March 29,
594:March 27,
491:poverty."
74:Citations
66:Effective
1634:Category
1560:(father)
1399:campaign
1040:. eNotes
951:. eNotes
866:. eNotes
843:April 2,
741:. eNotes
671:April 2,
411:Against
349:Against
315:Congress
105:78
1086:details
1006:. ERIC.
932:. ERIC.
821:June 5,
722:. ERIC.
276:History
237:in his
210:Purpose
192:Pub. L.
158:226–185
84:Pub. L.
1542:(wife)
1532:Family
507:needs.
200:88–452
198:
109:
92:88–452
90:
1512:Selma
1462:Daisy
1222:1956
1200:TX–10
449:Total
405:Party
387:Total
343:Party
148:61–34
107:Stat.
1438:1964
1428:1964
1423:1960
1406:1968
1394:1964
1384:1960
1379:1954
1364:1946
1359:1944
1354:1942
1349:1940
1211:Life
1198:for
1177:37th
1046:2011
957:2011
913:2011
872:2011
845:2011
823:2018
801:2011
774:2011
747:2011
673:2011
643:2011
617:2011
596:2011
455:185
422:145
185:The
58:the
1520:LBJ
1482:LBJ
1090:GPO
1082:PDF
452:226
444:40
430:144
408:For
393:34
382:11
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360:22
346:For
111:508
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189:(
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136:–
134:D
132:(
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