École Polytechnique massacre

1096: 835: 383: 571: 414: 504: 1003:. He suggested that feminists used the massacre as a chance to unleash "insanities". Critics such as Côté argued that Lépine was a "lone gunman" who does not represent men, and that violence against women is neither condoned nor encouraged officially or unofficially in western culture. In this perspective, feminist memorializing is considered socially divisive on the basis of gender and therefore harmful by bestowing guilt on all men, irrespective of individual propensity to violence against women. 6227: 326:, where he separated the male and female students, ordering the men to leave. He shot all nine women in the room, killing six. For nearly 20 minutes the shooter moved through corridors on multiple floors of the building, the cafeteria, and another classroom, targeting women. He wounded more students and killed eight more women before fatally shooting himself. In total, he killed 14 women; he wounded 10 more women and four men. 5522: 965:

guns in Quebec. In March 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled against Quebec, allowing the destruction of all the federal registry data, although Quebec created its own provincial gun registry to replace it. Since its creation, PolySeSouvient, with survivors Nathalie Provost and Heidi Rathjen as spokespersons, has continued to be active in lobbying for stricter gun control and safety in Quebec and Canada. In 2018

5534: 1043: 699:. It contained a list of nineteen Quebec women whom Lépine labeled as "radical feminists" and apparently intended to kill. The list included Pelletier, plus a union leader, a politician, a TV figure, and six police officers who the gunman knew from their playing together on an amateur volleyball team. The letter (without the list of women) was subsequently published in the newspaper 1030:

leave by the lone gunman, meekly did so, and abandoned their female classmates to their fate—an act of abdication that would have been unthinkable in almost any other culture throughout human history." Male students and staff expressed feelings of remorse for not having attempted to prevent the shootings. This issue has been strongly rejected by the Polytechnique student community.

100: 679:(college) program in Pure Sciences in 1982, but switched to a three-year vocational program in electronics technology after his first year. He abandoned this program in his final semester without explanation. Lépine applied to the École Polytechnique in 1986 and in 1989 but lacked two CEGEP courses required for admission. He completed one of them in the winter of 1989. 344:, and officials took other other actions to end violence against women. The massacre also led to policy changes in emergency services protocols to shootings; for instance, that police would intervene immediately to try to reduce casualties. These changes were credited with later minimizing casualties during incidents of shooting in Montreal and elsewhere. 403:, protested that they were women studying engineering, not feminists fighting against men or marching to prove that they were better. He opened fire on the students, from left to right, killing six—Hélène Colgan, Nathalie Croteau, Barbara Daigneault, Anne-Marie Lemay, Sonia Pelletier, and Annie St-Arneault—and wounding three others, including Provost. 337:. The gunman had said he was against feminism; after the attack, Canadians debated various interpretations of the events, their significance, and the shooter's motives. Some interpretations noted that the shooter had been abused as a child, or suggested that the massacre was the isolated act of a madman, unrelated to larger social issues. 902:" designed to increase women's equality and reduce violence against women through government policy. Critics of the panel said that the plan failed to provide a workable timeline and strategy for implementation and that with more than four hundred recommendations, the final report was too difuse to make an impact. 885:

In response to the killings, a House of Commons Sub-Committee on the Status of Women was created. It released a report "The War against Women" in June 1991, which was not endorsed by the full standing committee. But, following its recommendations, the federal government established the Canadian Panel

741:

The gender of the victims, as well as Lépine's oral statements during the massacre and in the suicide note, have resulted in the attack being interpreted as antifeminist and as an example of the wider issue of violence against women in Canadian society. Initially, politicians and the media downplayed

737:

violence. As a result, they did not conduct a public inquiry, and did not release Lépine's suicide letter. In addition, although an extensive police investigation into the perpetrator and the killings took place, the resulting report was not made public. The coroner was authorized to have a copy as a

406:

The gunman continued into the second-floor corridor and wounded three students before entering another room where he twice attempted to shoot a female student. When his weapon failed to fire, he entered the emergency staircase and reloaded his gun. He tried to return to the room he had just left, but

430:

in his weapon and moved to the front of the class, shooting in all directions. The wounded Maryse Leclair asked for help; the gunman stabbed her three times with his hunting knife, killing her. He took off his cap, wrapped his coat around his rifle, said, "Oh shit", and killed himself with a shot to

425:

The shooter walked up an escalator to the third floor, where he shot and wounded one female and two male students in the hallway. He entered another classroom and told the men to "get out", shooting and wounding Maryse Leclair, who was giving a presentation at the front of the classroom. He fired on

421:

The gunman went down to the first-floor cafeteria, in which about 100 people were gathered. As he shot nursing student Barbara Maria Klucznick near the kitchens and wounded another student, the crowd scattered. Entering an unlocked storage area at the end of the cafeteria, the gunman shot and killed

905:

In Québec, family members of the victims formed a foundation to support organizations combatting violence, particularly violence against women. It has continued throughout all levels of society. Survivors and their relatives have continued to speak about the issue. Researchers increased their study

825:

Individuals close to the massacre also commented: Lépine's mother wondered if the attack was synbolically directed at her, as some would have classified her as a feminist since she was a single, working mother. Survivor Nathalie Provost who, during and after the attack, denied being a feminist. But

821:

against women, as the victims were selected solely because of their membership in the category of women. The women targeted were interchangeable with other women. They categorize it as a "pseudo-community" type of "pseudo-commando" murder-suicide, in which the perpetrator targets a specific group,

964:

government aimed at ending the registration of firearms. The long-gun registry was abolished by the Harper government in April 2012, but the Quebec government won a temporary injunction, preventing the destruction of the province's gun registry data, and ordering the continued registration of long

659:

father, who was a non-practising Muslim. He and his sister Nadia were baptized Catholic but received little instruction. According to the mother in a 2006 article, the father, a mutual funds salesman, did not consider women to be the equal of men. He was physically and verbally abusive to his wife

1029:

suggested that male inaction during the massacre illustrated a "culture of passivity" prevalent among men in Canada, which enabled the shooting spree: "Yet the defining image of contemporary Canadian maleness is not M Lepine/Gharbi but the professors and the men in that classroom, who, ordered to

931:

The massacre was a major spur for the Canadian gun control movement. Less than a week after the event, two École Polytechnique professors created a petition addressed to the Canadian government demanding tighter gun control; and more than half a million signatures were collected. Heidi Rathjen, a

1091:

Events are held across the country each year on December 6 in memory of the slain women and numerous memorials have been built. The memorial in Vancouver sparked controversy because it was dedicated to "all women murdered by men", which critics say implies all men are potential murderers. Women

394:

on the second floor. He did not speak to anyone, although a staff member asked if she could help him. He left the office and was seen in other parts of the building before he entered a second-floor mechanical engineering class of about sixty students at about 5:10 p.m. After approaching the

761:

As predicted by the shooter in his suicide letter, some observers believed the event was the isolated act of a madman. A psychiatrist interviewed the gunman's family and friends, and examined his writings as part of the police investigation. He noted that the perpetrator defined suicide as his

439:

Emergency response to the shootings was harshly criticized for failures to protect the students and staff. Security guards at the École Polytechnique were poorly trained, organized and equipped. Communication issues at the 911 call centre delayed the dispatch of police and ambulances, who were

660:

and son, and discouraged tenderness between the two. When Gamil was seven, his parents separated; his father ceased contact with his children soon after. His mother returned to nursing to support the family; because of her schedule, the children lived with other families during the week.

3503: 932:

student who was in one of the classrooms that Lépine skipped, organized the Coalition for Gun Control with Wendy Cukier to pressure for a gun registry and increased firearm regulation. Suzanne Laplante-Edward and Jim Edward, parents of one of the victims, were also deeply involved.

1011:

commentators state that feminism has provoked violence against women and, without explicitly condoning the shootings, view the massacre as an extreme expression of men's frustrations. A few antifeminists see the killer as a hero, glorifying his actions, and threatening violence.

866:(PTSD). At least two students committed suicide afterward, and left notes confirming that their deaths were due to distress caused by the massacre. Nine years after the event, survivors reported still being affected by their experiences, though some of the effects had lessened. 443:

The police officers were disorganized and poorly coordinated. They established a perimeter around the building and waited before entering the building. During this period, the gunman killed several women. Three official investigations severely condemned the emergency response.

1034:, one of the female survivors, said that she felt that nothing could have been done to prevent the tragedy, and that her fellow students should not feel guilty. Asmaa Mansour, another survivor, emphasized the actions of the men in saving her life and in helping the injured. 6552: 1024:

who persuaded Denis Lortie to surrender during his 1984 attack, said that someone should have intervened at least to distract Lépine, but acknowledged that "ordinary citizens cannot be expected to react heroically in the midst of terror". Conservative newspaper columnist

708:

In the leaked letter, Lépine wrote that he was rational and blamed 'feminists' for ruining his life. He said he was angry at feminists for seeking social changes that "retain the advantages of being women while trying to grab those of the men". He referred to

1015:

Male survivors of the massacre have been subjected to criticism for not intervening to stop the shooter. In an interview immediately after the event, a reporter asked one of the men why they "abandoned" the women when it was clear that his targets were women.

674:

The brief biography of the shooter that police released the day after the killings described him as intelligent but troubled. He disliked feminists, career women, and women in traditionally-male occupations, such as the police force. He began a pre-university

687:

On the day of the massacre, Lépine wrote three letters: two were sent to friends, and one was found in an inside pocket of his jacket. The police revealed some details from the suicide letter in the days after the attack, but did not disclose the full text.

941:, in 1995, ushering in stricter gun control regulations. These new regulations included requirements on the training of gun owners, screening of firearm applicants, 28-day waiting period on new applicants, rules concerning gun and ammunition storage, the 4288: 1110:- representing the fourteen victims of the massacre. At 5:10 p.m., the time when the attack began, the name of each victim is read, and a light beam is projected upward into the sky. The event is attended by local and national leaders. 426:

students in the front row, killing Maud Haviernick and Michèle Richard, who were trying to escape the room. Other students dove under their desks. The killer wounded another three female students and killed Annie Turcotte. He changed the

3519: 398:

After separating the students, Lépine ordered the estimated fifty men to leave the room. He asked the women whether they knew why they were there; a student asked who he was. He said that he was fighting feminism. One of the students,

4665: 395:

student giving a presentation, he asked everyone to stop everything and ordered the women and men to opposite sides of the classroom. No one moved at first, believing it to be a joke, but he fired a shot into the ceiling.

785:

Others framed the killer's actions as the result of societal changes that had led to increased poverty, powerlessness, individual isolation, and polarization between men and women. Noting the gunman's interest in violent

758:, pleaded against interpreting the massacre as an antifeminist attack or solely violence against women. She suggested that people were "diminishing" the tragedy by "suggesting that it was an act against just one group?" 5252: 973:

government introduced Bill C-71, which restored the requirement for sales of firearms to be registered, but PolySeSouvient denounced the proposed regulations as ineffective and incomplete. In 2020, in the wake of the

663:

At age 14, Gamil changed his name to "Marc Lépine", citing his hatred of his father and taking his mother's surname to further separate from the man. He had difficulty as he advanced in school and toward adulthood.

5061: 4226: 459:

were generally praised. In these incidents, the police conducted rapid and immediate intervention, and improved coordination amongst emergency response agencies were credited with minimizing the loss of life.

4280: 994:

The feminist movement has been periodically criticized for appropriating the massacre as a symbol of male violence against women. In 1990, for example, journalist Roch Côté responded to the publication of

1055: 334: 1350: 2084: 4547: 3825: 3130: 5222: 5096: 2193:

McDonnell, Rod; Thompson, Elizabeth; McIntosh, Andrew; Marsden, William (December 12, 1989). "Killer's father beat him as a child; A brutal man who didn't seem to have any control of his emotions".

2138: 1088:) by Rose-Marie Goulet. Originally described as a memorial for a "tragic event", in 2019, the plaque was changed to reflect indicate that the attack was antifeminist and that 14 women were killed. 410:

He shot at other students in the corridor, wounding one, and approached the financial services office. There he shot and killed Maryse Laganière through the window of the door she had just locked.

4196: 733:

The massacre profoundly shocked Canadians. Government and criminal justice officials feared that extensive public discussion about the massacre would cause pain to the families and lead to more

6531: 5129: 4411: 5159: 3086: 6674: 1066:

in the wake of the massacre, for the purpose of raising awareness about the prevalence of male violence against women, with the ribbon symbolizing "the idea of men giving up their arms".

762:

primary motivation, and that he chose a specific suicide method, namely killing oneself after killing others (multiple homicide/suicide strategy), which is considered a sign of a serious

817:

Scholars believe that the gunman's actions sprang from widespread societal misogyny, including tolerance of violence against women. Criminologists regard the massacre as an example of a

3956: 83: 738:

source in her investigation. The media, academics, women's organizations, and family members of the victims protested the lack of a public inquiry and paucity of information released.

2710: 6622: 1930: 6486: 6216: 3759: 5330: 5845: 5244: 3989: 472:

director of public relations Pierre Leclair briefed reporters outside the Polytechnique building; when he entered, he found the body of his own daughter Maryse among the dead.

3792: 6101: 5189: 4961: 3161: 6191: 4257: 2037: 6243: 5566: 5054: 4022: 4218: 862:

The injured and witnesses among university staff and students suffered a variety of physical, social, existential, financial, and psychological consequences, including

695:

case to compel the police to release the suicide letter but were unsucessful. A year after the attacks, the three-page statement was leaked to journalist and feminist

6521: 1422: 1120:

In 2014, the Order of the White Rose was established, a $ 30,000 national scholarship for female engineering graduate students. The selection committee is chaired by

952:, and firearm restrictions and prohibitions. In 2009, survivors of the massacre, their families, and Polytechnique students past and present came together to create 6627: 6076: 1095: 586:

The École Polytechnique installed a circular memorial on an exterior wall, naming all the victims who were killed and the date of the massacre. (See photo to right)

807:

that Lépine may have felt alienated from Quebec society as he was the child of an immigrant; this provoked controversy as Canada has received numerous immigrants.

5305: 2980:

Lortie, Marie-Claude (December 1, 1990). "Poly un an après : Psychose? Blessures au cerveau? Les spécialistes n'ont pas encore résolu l'énigme Marc Lépine".

1633: 422:

Anne-Marie Edward and Geneviève Bergeron, who were hiding. He told a male and female student to come out from under a table; they complied and he let them live.

42: 6752: 5869: 5624: 4642: 1342: 4768: 2092: 766:. Other psychiatrists emphasized the traumatic events of his childhood, suggesting that the blows he had received may have caused brain damage, or that he was 6637: 5505: 6792: 5278: 4537: 469: 5212: 3815: 3122: 6817: 6248: 5086: 4434: 6782: 6716: 6526: 2118: 770:, having lost touch with reality as he tried to erase the memories of a brutal (yet largely absent) father while unconsciously identifying with a violent 6837: 5956: 5410: 2385:

McIntosh, Andrew (August 22, 1990). "Marc Lépine's suicide note to stay sealed; Commission says it can't order police to reveal mass murderer's letter".

6479: 518:

Lépine killed 14 women (12 engineering students, one nursing student, and one employee of the university) and injured 14 others, 10 women and four men.

4805: 4188: 6862: 6857: 6711: 6516: 6161: 5746: 3680: 2483: 1106:

Since the commemorative ceremony on the 25th anniversary of the massacre in 2014, fourteen searchlights have been installed annually on the summit of

1070: 826:

she later claimed what she said was this "beautiful title" for herself. She also said that she believed the massacre was clearly an antifeminist act.

671:

during the winter of 1980–1981. According to his 1989 suicide letter found on his body at the attacks, he was rejected because he was "anti-social".

456: 375:. He had legally purchased the gun less than a month earlier on November 21 in a Checkmate Sports store in Montreal, saying that he was going to hunt 5500: 5121: 1275: 596:

is a public monument in the national capital that honours the lives of local women and girls murdered by men between 1990 and 2000. It is located in

6742: 5838: 1142:, was released in 2009 and caused discussion over the desirability of reliving the tragedy in a mainstream film. In a play about the shootings by 379:. Investigators learned that he had been in and around the École Polytechnique building at least seven times in the weeks leading up to December 6. 5340: 1859: 6772: 6196: 4401: 1178:, which examined a marriage breakdown in the aftermath of the Polytechnique killings. Several songs have been written about the events, including 6827: 6578: 5991: 5151: 3096: 1241: 592: 4609: 4165: 2641: 6669: 6664: 5559: 5017: 4125: 3946: 3581: 2895: 6511: 5380: 4841: 4735: 4582: 4483: 4363: 4096: 3917: 3861: 3720: 3647: 3552: 3440: 3413: 3370: 3329: 3288: 3200: 3010: 2855: 2816: 2789: 2690: 2357: 2257: 1993: 1820: 1778: 1714: 1666: 1553: 1472: 1311: 778:

led him to feel victimized as he faced losses and rejections in his later life. His mother wondered whether her son might have suffered from

6852: 6472: 4928: 2714: 296: 151: 6767: 6453: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6046: 4886: 1940: 1500: 6721: 4869:

Kastor, Elizabeth (December 11, 1989). "In Montreal, A Survivor Heals After The Horror; 23-Year-Old Student Tried To Reason With Killer".

5386: 3726: 3653: 3558: 3446: 3376: 3335: 3206: 1784: 633:, commissioned a memorial to the victims that was created by Beth Alber and installed in a city park. (See photo about names of victims). 6842: 6787: 6201: 5831: 5475: 4369: 4330: 4102: 3923: 3294: 3251: 3060: 2861: 2822: 2655: 2363: 1999: 1826: 1720: 1672: 1559: 1478: 1317: 3749: 1092:

involved in the project received death threats and the Vancouver Park Board banned future memorials that might antagonize other groups.

6847: 6832: 3979: 4764: 3867: 1882: 6802: 6006: 5552: 5469: 5091: 4520: 4324: 3782: 3245: 3054: 2961: 2932: 2751: 2649: 2520: 2293: 2132: 1597: 5181: 4951: 3153: 4249: 2027: 431:

the head. It was 20 minutes since he had begun the attack. About 60 unfired cartridges remained in the boxes he carried with him.

6146: 6126: 5893: 5461: 4994: 4569:

Blais, Mélissa (2008). "Marc Lépine: heros ou martyr? Le masculinisme et la tuerie de l'École polytechnique". In Blais, Mélissa;

2924: 2743: 2512: 1227: 78: 2402: 982:", including the model used for the killings in Montreal. PolySeSouvient welcomed the news, but critiqued the possibility of a 6757: 6642: 5875: 5630: 4012: 696: 613: 5949: 5916: 5728: 4670: 4044: 2982: 2455: 2229: 863: 701: 476: 333:

and representative of wider societal violence against women. The anniversary of the massacre is commemorated annually as the

4847: 4741: 4135: 4054: 978:, and while also citing the École Polytechnique massacre, Trudeau announced a ban on around 1,500 models of "military-grade 1418: 1073:

borough of Montreal was created as a memorial to the victims of the massacre. Located at the corner of Decelles Avenue and

5887: 5670: 5039: 4693: 1910: 1382: 448: 341: 5433: 5282: 1117:

was named in honour of Anne-Marie Edward, a victim of the massacre who attended the CEGEP before going on to university.

6807: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6235: 6211: 5590: 5245:"25 years after the tragedy, Polytechnique Montréal launches the Order of the White Rose and the Week of the White Rose" 4508: 1121: 961: 6658: 6495: 6001: 2436:

Fitterman, Lisa (March 10, 1999). "Cops on Lépine's list: Names of six female officers found on Polytechnique killer".

790:, some suggested that violence in the media and in society may have influenced his actions. Following the shootings at 475:

The Quebec and Montreal governments declared three days of mourning. A joint funeral for nine of the women was held at

364: 6812: 5764: 5722: 1625: 1247: 718: 630: 511: 4632: 4435:"Lone gunman: The Ecole Polytechnique massacre was a freak tragedy. So why is every man made to feel guilty for it?" 810:

In the years since, however, the attack has been widely acknowledged by the public, governments, and the media as a

6867: 6797: 6762: 6583: 6131: 6091: 6071: 6041: 5512: 4444: 1159: 1074: 382: 6822: 6747: 6606: 6051: 5942: 5776: 3477: 3237: 2536:

Malarek, Victor (December 12, 1989). "More Massacre Details to be Released by Police, but an Inquiry Ruled Out".

2309:

Malarek, Victor (December 12, 1989). "More Massacre Details to be Released by Police, but an Inquiry Ruled Out".

692: 5315: 6151: 6036: 5793: 3405: 1419:"Rapport d'investigation du coroner concernant le massacre à L'Ecole polytechnique de l'université de Montréal" 1211: 975: 348: 5407: 5055:"Contests over social memory in waterfront Vancouver: Historical editing & obfuscation through public art" 1004: 935:

Their activities, along with others, led to the passage of Bill C-17 in 1992, and C-68, commonly known as the

834: 6206: 6021: 5910: 5705: 5607: 4795: 1221: 970: 452: 4918: 3676: 2475: 6156: 5805: 5752: 5740: 5734: 4570: 4542: 3787: 1267: 949: 926: 875: 621: 2210:

Weston, Greg; Aubry, Jack (February 8, 1990). "The making of a massacre: The Marc Lépine story Part II".

717:

corporal who had killed three government employees and wounded thirteen others in an armed attack on the

6026: 5811: 5799: 5770: 2064:

Weston, Greg; Aubry, Jack (February 7, 1990). "The making of a massacre: The Marc Lépine story Part I".

1849: 1231: 1059: 979: 946: 942: 714: 601: 391: 6647: 2570:

Poirier, Patricia (March 1, 1990). "Police can't find cause for Lépine's rampage on Montreal campus".

906:

of family violence and violence against women. On December 6, 1995, the Quebec government adopted the

6777: 6652: 6632: 6171: 6166: 6011: 5996: 4599: 4475: 4157: 2781: 1133: 1017: 882:

recalled. "We would turn our mourning into organizing to put an end to male violence against women."

804: 763: 407:

the students had locked the door. He failed to open it although he fired three shots into the door.

330: 317: 255: 204: 31: 3591: 540:

Maryse Laganière (born 1964) (aged 25), budget clerk in the École Polytechnique's finance department

6695: 6226: 6116: 5981: 5973: 5965: 5699: 4871: 2887: 1183: 1114: 779: 427: 363:

arrived at the building housing the École Polytechnique, an engineering school affiliated with the

6096: 6081: 6056: 5922: 5758: 5693: 4687: 4017: 3091: 3028: 2572: 2538: 2328: 2311: 2123: 2032: 1904: 1887: 1191: 1174:

was inspired by and contains echoes of the tragedy. In 2009 Quebec playwright Gilbert Turp wrote

983: 937: 796: 616:

of December 6, 1989, and is a site of annual memorials of this event. It is a protests against a

4896: 4189:"Conservatives would repeal ban on guns used in École Polytechnique, Nova Scotia mass shootings" 1510: 6573: 6273: 5465: 5376: 5370: 5033: 4837: 4731: 4578: 4516: 4479: 4359: 4320: 4092: 3913: 3857: 3716: 3710: 3643: 3631: 3548: 3542: 3436: 3430: 3409: 3366: 3358: 3325: 3317: 3284: 3241: 3196: 3184: 3050: 3006: 2957: 2928: 2851: 2812: 2785: 2747: 2686: 2645: 2516: 2353: 2289: 2253: 2128: 1989: 1816: 1774: 1768: 1710: 1662: 1593: 1549: 1468: 1307: 914: 5455: 4353: 4314: 4086: 3907: 3399: 3274: 3229: 3044: 2845: 2806: 2635: 2604:

Fox, James Alan; Levin, Jack (January 2003). "Mass Murder: An Analysis of Extreme Violence".

2347: 1983: 1810: 1704: 1656: 1543: 1462: 1301: 1152:, the audience are separated by gender: it was named as one of the best plays of 2004 by the 874:

The massacre galvanized the Canadian women's movement, who immediately saw it as a symbol of

6136: 6061: 5986: 5854: 5310: 5217: 4512: 4468: 4406: 3889:

Boyd, Denny (April 20, 1992). "Couple salvages purpose from their daughter's tragic death".

2774: 2679: 2613: 2555: 2438: 2387: 2195: 1967: 1747: 1154: 1139: 1031: 1021: 754:

spoke about "victims" and "youth" rather than "women" or "girls". The television journalist

751: 652: 400: 230: 17: 447:

Following subsequent changes to emergency response protocols, police handling of the 1992

5676: 5437: 5414: 4800: 4772: 3851: 3280: 2953: 1063: 743: 609: 488: 273: 173: 6601: 2888:"Feminism met gunfire at École Polytechnique. It's taken 30 years to call it what it was" 774:

that dominated women. A different theory was that the shooter's childhood experiences of

480: 878:. "The death of those young women would not be in vain, we promised", Canadian feminist 6141: 4984: 4709: 4637: 4538:"The Mass Shooting That Reshaped the Canadian Debate About Guns and Political Identity" 2282: 2212: 2066: 966: 957: 953: 791: 722: 643: 484: 376: 360: 313: 241: 181: 3750:"Polytechnique anniversary comes as Quebec mourns spate of domestic violence killings" 3123:"Polytechnique: Consensus comes 30 years later that massacre was an anti-feminist act" 721:

on May 8, 1984. The text of the original letter in French is available, as well as an

413: 6736: 6086: 6066: 5575: 5335: 4501: 4439: 4130: 4049: 3891: 2414: 2174:

Chun, Wendy Hui Kyong (1999). "Unbearable Witness: towards a Politics of Listening".

1965:

Mennie, James; Bauch, Hubert (December 12, 1989). "A quiet goodbye for slain women".

1929:

Came, Barry; Burke, D.; Ferzoco, G.; O'Farreli, B.; Wallace, B. (December 18, 1989).

1215: 1167: 1099:

On the 25th anniversary, fourteen light beams representing the 14 victims shine from

668: 372: 368: 290: 209: 201: 165: 74: 6111: 6106: 6016: 5647: 5538: 5182:"'Tragedy into a triumph': 14 beams of light shine as Montreal Massacre remembered" 5122:"Quebec remembers École Polytechnique mass shooting at 32nd anniversary ceremonies" 3984: 3951: 3820: 3615: 3002: 2589: 2249: 1008: 838:

Place du 6-Décembre-1989 (December 6, 1989 Place), Montreal, featuring the artwork

755: 734: 710: 287: 251: 3814:

Senior, Paulette; Provost, Nathalie; Rathjen, Heidi; Martin, Lise; Cukier, Wendy.

1935: 492: 4831: 4725: 3026:

Valpy, Michael (December 11, 1989). "Litany of social ills created Marc Lepine".

2918: 2737: 2506: 1745:

Buchignani, Walter (December 8, 1989). "Amid the tragedy, miracles of survival".

1132:

The event has also been commemorated in the arts. The critically acclaimed movie

782:, due to the abuse and sense of abandonment he had experienced in his childhood. 612:. It was built in 1992 by the Women's Urgent Action Committee in reaction to the 30:"Polytechnique massacre" redirects here. For the film describing this event, see 5533: 5521: 4604: 1446: 1107: 1100: 879: 787: 775: 771: 747: 570: 169: 4707:

Hanes, Alison (December 2, 2005). "Man threatens to repeat Montreal massacre".

4316:

Legalizing misandry: from public shame to systematic discrimination against men

4281:"Optional buyback program could see assault-style gun ban unravel, group warns" 3046:

Legalizing misandry: from public shame to systematic discrimination against men

2637:

Legalizing Misandry: From Public Shame to Systematic Discrimination Against Men

2227:

Colpron, Suzanne (December 9, 1989). "Marc Lépine était un premier de classe".

1883:"Lessons learned from 1989 Montreal massacre help save lives at Dawson college" 1373:"Nova Scotia shooting: 22 confirmed killed in Canada's deadliest mass shooting" 1372: 503: 6186: 5526: 5430: 5274: 3613:

Vienneau, David (January 19, 1991). "Probe on violence toward women blocked".

2617: 1199: 1148: 1143: 1026: 818: 617: 597: 575: 417:

The third floor classroom in the École Polytechnique in which the attack ended

189: 99: 5823: 2453:

Pelchat, Martin (November 24, 1990). "Lépine avait des motifs 'politiques'".

309:. Fourteen women were murdered; another ten women and four men were injured. 57: 44: 6553:

Fédération des associations étudiantes du campus de l'Université de Montréal

6031: 3639: 3192: 1235: 767: 185: 5544: 5152:"Polytechnique: Events planned across Canada to mark grim 30th anniversary" 4126:"Quebec court backs long-gun registry, sets stage for federal legal battle" 4045:"Long-gun registry end to be celebrated by Tories as fury mounts in Quebec" 886:

on Violence Against Women in August 1991. The panel issued a final report,

4952:"How the way we remember the Montreal Massacre has changed 30 years later" 4219:"Justin Trudeau announces federal ban on assault-style firearms in Canada" 3154:"How the way we remember the Montreal Massacre has changed 30 years later" 2711:"National day of remembrance pays tribute to victims of Montreal massacre" 6464: 6176: 5418: 4989: 4956: 4923: 4891: 3754: 3586: 2479: 2410: 2088: 1854: 1505: 1377: 1077:, a short distance from the university, it includes the art installation 811: 801: 320:

and a hunting knife. He started at a mechanical engineering class at the

302: 177: 119: 2326:

Malarek, Victor (December 8, 1989). "Killer's letter blames feminists".

531:

Barbara Daigneault (born 1967) (aged 22), mechanical engineering student

6547: 6121: 5441: 3185:"After the Montreal massacre: gender and the pervasiveness of violence" 1343:"Polytechnique gun control group warns Tories will gut firearms limits" 1058:, intended as a call to action against discrimination against women. A 1042: 656: 555:

Annie St-Arneault (born 1966) (aged 23), mechanical engineering student

5934: 5431:

The Tragically Hip - Montréal (Live From Molson Center, Montréal/2000)

3469: 546:

Anne-Marie Lemay (born 1967) (aged 22), mechanical engineering student

528:

Nathalie Croteau (born 1966) (aged 23), mechanical engineering student

6568: 4674:(in Canadian French). Archived from the original on December 27, 2009 4402:"Lingering taboo stifles artistic response to Polytechnique massacre" 4161: 605: 579: 549:

Sonia Pelletier (born 1961) (aged 28), mechanical engineering student

534:

Anne-Marie Edward (born 1968) (aged 21), chemical engineering student

306: 4577:(in Canadian French). Les Éditions du remue-ménage. pp. 86–92. 2920:

The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis

2739:

The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis

2508:

The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis

2153:

The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis

1054:

Since 1991, the anniversary of the massacre has been designated the

854:

Montreal designated December 6, 1989 Place. It features the artwork

822:

often in a public place, and intends to die in "a blaze of glory".

651:(born Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi) was the son of Monique Lépine, a 552:

Michèle Richard (born 1968) (aged 21), materials engineering student

537:

Maud Haviernick (born 1960) (aged 29), materials engineering student

558:

Annie Turcotte (born 1969) (aged 20), materials engineering student

543:

Maryse Leclair (born 1966) (aged 23), materials engineering student

525:

Hélène Colgan (born 1966) (aged 23), mechanical engineering student

522:

Geneviève Bergeron (born 1968) (aged 21), civil engineering student

1094: 1041: 833: 676: 569: 561:

Barbara Klucznik-Widajewicz (born 1958) (aged 31), nursing student

502: 412: 381: 5020:. MissingPeople.net. Archived from the original on June 14, 2006 3816:"Thirty years after the Montreal Massacre, we're still in limbo" 1083: 1056:

National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women

742:

the antifeminism angle of the attack. Political leaders such as

335:

National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women

6468: 5938: 5827: 5548: 4250:"Trudeau announces ban on 1,500 types of 'military-style' guns" 4187:

Walsh, Marieke; Curry, Bill; Stone, Laura (September 3, 2021).

3234:

States of rage: emotional eruption, violence, and social change

999:, a feminist memorial anthology, with an uncompromising essay, 1224:, another mass killing in Canada motivated in part by misogyny 4319:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 61–63. 1444:

Weston, Greg (September 14, 2006). "Why? We may never know".

1238:

that similarly changed opinion on gun control in that country

4633:"The bizarre love for Marc Lépine among men's rights groups" 4600:"Anti-feminist blogger calls himself 'masculinist activist'" 3634:. In Mancini Billson, Janet; Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (eds.). 3187:. In Mancini Billson, Janet; Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (eds.). 888:

Changing the Landscape: Ending Violence – Achieving Equality

5213:"John Abbott College opened horizons for Anne-Marie Edward" 4503:

Femicidal fears: narratives of the female gothic experience

3677:"Violence against women: the Canadian Panel's final report" 479:

on December 11, 1989, and was attended by Governor General

340:

The Canada legislature responded by passing more stringent

5408:"Tragically Hip to release album with 6 unreleased tracks" 3947:"Long-gun registry politics taint service for the victims" 3636:

Female well-being: toward a global theory of social change

3189:

Female well-being: toward a global theory of social change

1218:

in which misogyny was cited as one of the killer's motives

3049:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 62. 347:

This was the deadliest mass shooting in Canada until the

3783:""Encore du travail à faire" 32 ans après Polytechnique" 3630:

Hooks, Tess; LeClerc, Patrice; Beaujot, Roderic (2005).

1850:"A sea change in police tactics when it comes to gunmen" 4666:"Des disciples de Marc Lépine font fuir un réalisateur" 351:

more than 30 years later, which resulted in 22 deaths.

5457:

Bodied Mindfulness: Women's Spirits, Bodies and Places

5331:"Montreal massacre film brings up 'too many memories'" 5510: 2950:

Extreme killing: Understanding serial and mass murder

2284:

December 6: From the Montreal Massacre to Gun Control

986:

clause for the weapons as a danger to public safety.

1124:, the first female graduate of École Polytechnique. 913:" with the goal of detecting, preventing and ending 6704: 6683: 6675:

Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal

6615: 6594: 6561: 6540: 6504: 6234: 5972: 5903: 5862: 5786: 5715: 5686: 5663: 5640: 5617: 5600: 5583: 5018:"Book a Monument to Canadian Women Murdered by Men" 1048:

Nef pour quatorze reines (Nave for fourteen queens)

510:, memorial consisting of 14 coffin-like benches in 247: 237: 225: 217: 195: 159: 144: 126: 115: 92: 4500: 4467: 2773: 2678: 2281: 2085:"Mother of Marc Lepine finally breaks her silence" 890:, in June 1993. The panel proposed a two-pronged " 3980:"A mother's battle to save the long-gun registry" 1268:"École Polytechnique Tragedy (Montreal Massacre)" 329:The massacre is now widely regarded as an act of 3470:"Vingt-cinq ans plus tard avec Nathalie Provost" 3276:Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies 3232:. In Curry, Renée R.; Allison, Terry L. (eds.). 1891:. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013 390:The gunman sat for a while in the office of the 359:Sometime after 4 p.m. on December 6, 1989, 6628:Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine 858:(Nave for Fourteen Queens) by Rose-Marie Goulet 6623:Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal 5372:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 4833:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 4727:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 4355:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 4088:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 3909:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 3853:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 3712:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 3544:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 3508:: le cas de Polytechnique, neuf ans plus tard" 3432:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 3401:Punishing Hate: Bias Crimes Under American Law 2847:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 2808:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 2349:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 2119:"Killer Fraternized with Men in Army Fatigues" 1985:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 1931:"Montreal Massacre: Railing Against Feminists" 1812:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 1770:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 1706:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 1658:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 1545:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 1464:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 1303:Because They Were Women: The Montreal Massacre 6480: 5950: 5839: 5560: 4313:Young, Katherine K.; Nathanson, Paul (2006). 3043:Young, Katherine K.; Nathanson, Paul (2006). 2634:Young, Katherine K.; Nathanson, Paul (2006). 1244:, a monument in Canada to women killed by men 8: 5251:. Polytechnique Montreal. October 31, 2014. 2767: 2765: 2763: 2629: 2627: 2028:"A brutal massacre makes for a delicate art" 321: 294: 265: 149: 105: 4769:Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter 4765:"Women, Violence and the Montreal Massacre" 4400:Nadeau, Jean-François (December 14, 2014). 2470: 2468: 2466: 2280:Rathjen, Heidi; Montpetit, Charles (1999). 1924: 1922: 1920: 386:Exterior of École Polytechnique de Montréal 6487: 6473: 6465: 5957: 5943: 5935: 5846: 5832: 5824: 5567: 5553: 5545: 3365:. Vol. 3. Humana Press. p. 343. 2112: 2110: 2059: 2057: 2055: 1960: 1958: 1740: 1738: 1062:was launched in 1991 by a group of men in 495:, along with thousands of other mourners. 440:initially routed to incorrect addresses. 293:that occurred on December 6, 1989, at the 98: 89: 6162:1972 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts robbery 5053:Ingram, Gordon Brent (February 2, 2000). 2606:Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies 2587:"Parents fear coverup over murdered 14". 2079: 2077: 1881:Rakobowchuk, Peter (September 14, 2006). 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 5095:(in Canadian French). December 6, 2014. 3781:Giguère, Frédérique (December 6, 2021). 3715:. Second Story Press. pp. 109–112. 3632:"Women in Canada: a century of struggle" 3512:The International Journal of Victimology 3121:Banerjee, Sidhartha (December 5, 2019). 2709:Fitzpatrick, Meagan (December 6, 2006). 2553:"Police scour the life of mass killer". 2476:"CityNews Rewind: The Montreal Massacre" 1773:. Second Story Press. pp. 107–108. 1626:"Polytechnique: le récit d'une tragédie" 956:in opposition to legislative actions by 6197:2011 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts theft 5517: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 4983:Campbell, Charles (November 11, 2004). 4825: 4823: 3992:from the original on September 24, 2010 3582:"Where's the funding for abused women?" 3547:. Second Story Press. pp. 99–101. 3497: 3495: 3468:Camille, Chaudron (November 28, 2014). 3080: 3078: 2997:Lépine, Monique; Gagné, Harold (2008). 2975: 2973: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2244:Lépine, Monique; Gagné, Harold (2008). 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 1848:Sheppard, Robert (September 15, 2006). 1636:from the original on September 19, 2020 1624:Lachapelle, Judith (December 6, 2019). 1259: 5375:. Second Story Press. pp. 146–7. 5116: 5114: 5031: 4997:from the original on November 12, 2007 4950:Northcott, Alison (December 5, 2019). 4931:from the original on November 11, 2007 4836:. Second Story Press. pp. 102–3. 4685: 4664:Nicoud, Anabelle (November 12, 2009). 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4308: 4306: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3435:. Second Story Press. pp. 130–1. 3152:Northcott, Alison (December 5, 2019). 3116: 3114: 2917:Eglin, Peter; Hester, Stephen (2003). 2881: 2879: 2811:. Second Story Press. pp. 81–86. 2736:Eglin, Peter; Hester, Stephen (2003). 2713:. CanWest News Service. Archived from 2704: 2702: 2505:Eglin, Peter; Hester, Stephen (2003). 2155:, eds., P. Eglin and S. Hester (2003). 1902: 1815:. Second Story Press. pp. 34–37. 1661:. Second Story Press. pp. 27–30. 1548:. Second Story Press. pp. 26–27. 1425:from the original on December 30, 2021 1166:was first staged in Calgary in 2007. 1164:The December Man (L’homme de décembre) 870:Actions against Violence against Women 27:1989 mass shooting in Montréal, Canada 6717:List of Université de Montréal people 5389:from the original on February 6, 2022 5329:Hamilton, Graeme (January 28, 2009). 5285:from the original on January 14, 2019 5255:from the original on December 1, 2017 5211:Greenaway, Kathryn (April 23, 2013). 5162:from the original on December 6, 2019 4850:from the original on January 15, 2022 4744:from the original on January 15, 2022 4612:from the original on January 14, 2017 4598:Tremblay, Stephane (March 31, 2010). 4474:. James Lorimer and Company. p. 4414:from the original on February 6, 2022 4372:from the original on February 6, 2022 4291:from the original on January 12, 2022 4260:from the original on January 12, 2022 4199:from the original on January 12, 2022 4138:from the original on October 13, 2021 4080: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4057:from the original on October 13, 2021 4025:from the original on December 8, 2009 3959:from the original on December 8, 2009 3945:Delacourt, Susan (December 5, 2009). 3845: 3843: 3828:from the original on February 7, 2022 3795:from the original on January 30, 2022 3762:from the original on January 30, 2022 3729:from the original on January 30, 2022 3480:from the original on January 23, 2022 3449:from the original on January 23, 2022 3297:from the original on November 4, 2020 3209:from the original on October 20, 2021 3133:from the original on December 6, 2019 3063:from the original on October 20, 2021 2948:Fox, James Alan; Levin, Jack (2005). 2898:from the original on January 22, 2022 2864:from the original on January 22, 2022 2825:from the original on January 22, 2022 2780:. James Lorimer and Company. p. 2486:from the original on December 3, 2013 2341: 2339: 2288:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. 2021: 2019: 2017: 1804: 1802: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1467:. Second Story Press. pp. 25–6. 1385:from the original on October 23, 2022 1353:from the original on December 5, 2022 1337: 1335: 1295: 1293: 945:, magazine capacity restrictions for 110:commemorating victims of the massacre 7: 6753:1989 mass shootings in North America 5870:Brampton Centennial Secondary School 5478:from the original on August 17, 2021 5192:from the original on January 1, 2022 5132:from the original on January 1, 2022 4631:Csanady, Ashley (October 15, 2014). 4333:from the original on August 15, 2021 4105:from the original on August 22, 2023 3926:from the original on August 22, 2023 3870:from the original on August 22, 2023 3656:from the original on August 15, 2021 3561:from the original on August 22, 2023 3379:from the original on August 19, 2021 3338:from the original on August 14, 2021 3254:from the original on August 17, 2021 2658:from the original on August 15, 2021 2366:from the original on January 9, 2022 2176:Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 2141:from the original on August 15, 2021 2117:Malarek, Victor (December 9, 1989). 2091:. September 18, 2006. Archived from 2002:from the original on August 22, 2023 1829:from the original on August 22, 2023 1787:from the original on January 4, 2022 1675:from the original on August 22, 2023 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1320:from the original on August 22, 2023 1242:Enclave: The Ottawa Women's Monument 1069:The Place du 6-Décembre-1989 in the 705:, where Pelletier was a columnist. 593:Enclave: The Ottawa Women's Monument 6793:Incidents of violence against women 6712:Presses de l'Université de Montreal 6665:Institut de cardiologie de Montréal 6217:National Historic Sites in Montreal 6202:Concordia University Netanyahu riot 5304:Kelley, Brendan (January 1, 2009). 5225:from the original on April 29, 2018 5016:Cooper, Rachelle (April 19, 2006). 4964:from the original on March 10, 2021 4895:. November 27, 1991. Archived from 4808:from the original on April 26, 2017 4730:. Second Story Press. p. 113. 4645:from the original on April 27, 2018 4575:Le mouvement masculiniste au Québec 4550:from the original on April 29, 2018 4168:from the original on March 11, 2021 4091:. Second Story Press. p. 141. 4011:Peritz, Ingrid (December 6, 2009). 3978:Fedio, Chloe (September 21, 2010). 3912:. Second Story Press. p. 140. 3856:. Second Story Press. p. 139. 3748:Lowrie, Morgan (December 5, 2021). 3683:from the original on March 12, 2012 3318:"Gender-bias hate crimes- a review" 3164:from the original on March 10, 2021 2040:from the original on March 31, 2019 1723:from the original on March 26, 2023 1562:from the original on March 26, 2023 1481:from the original on March 26, 2023 1113:In 2013, a new science building at 1071:Côte-des-Neiges/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce 814:attack on women and on feminism. 457:attack on Parliament hill in Ottawa 6818:20th-century mass murder in Canada 6512:Centre de Recherches Mathématiques 5099:from the original on April 7, 2015 4919:"Monument to slain women unveiled" 4358:. Second Story Press. p. 91. 4124:Montgomery, Sue (April 21, 2012). 4013:"'A slap in the face' for victims" 2886:Gester, Jane (December 16, 2019). 2850:. Second Story Press. p. 83. 2352:. Second Story Press. p. 86. 2026:Posner, Michael (April 10, 2008). 1988:. Second Story Press. p. 84. 1709:. Second Story Press. p. 30. 1509:. December 6, 1989. Archived from 1306:. Second Story Press. p. 24. 1278:from the original on June 29, 2023 25: 6838:School massacres in North America 6638:Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal 5454:Tomm, Winnie (October 30, 2010). 5067:from the original on July 6, 2011 4433:Kay, Barbara (December 6, 2006). 3580:Rebick, Judy (December 6, 2000). 2459:(in Canadian French). p. A1. 1862:from the original on May 12, 2012 667:Lépine had attempted to join the 449:shootings at Concordia University 6863:Violence against women in Quebec 6858:University and college shootings 6517:Centre for International Studies 6225: 6147:Montreal Metropolitan Commission 6127:Black Power movement in Montreal 5532: 5520: 5462:Wilfrid Laurier University Press 4229:from the original on May 3, 2020 3504:"Conséquences à long terme d'un 3502:Parent, G; Cousineau, M (2003). 3273:Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2004). 3085:Wong, Jan (September 16, 2006). 2925:Wilfrid Laurier University Press 2744:Wilfrid Laurier University Press 2513:Wilfrid Laurier University Press 316:, armed with a legally obtained 312:The perpetrator was 25-year-old 5882:École polytechnique de Montréal 5306:"Polytechnique: open to debate" 5279:Chambre de commerce de Montreal 4466:Conway, John Frederick (2003). 4279:Bronskill, Jim (May 14, 2020). 4158:"CanLII – 2015 SCC 14 (CanLII)" 3398:Lawrence, Frederick M. (2002). 3230:"Female lives, Feminist deaths" 3183:Mancini Billson, Janet (2005). 2772:Conway, John Frederick (2003). 2677:Conway, John Frederick (2003). 2642:McGill–Queen's University Press 2559:. January 12, 1990. p. B9. 297:École Polytechnique de Montréal 279:tuerie de l'École polytechnique 152:École Polytechnique de Montréal 6773:December 1989 events in Canada 6722:Université-de-Montréal station 6532:Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 5087:"Se souvenir de Polytechnique" 4794:Steyn, Mark (April 18, 2007). 4248:Bronskill, Jim (May 1, 2020). 1590:Poly 1989: Témoin de l'horreur 1272:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca 864:post-traumatic stress disorder 221:15 (including the perpetrator) 1: 6783:History of Canada (1982–1992) 4470:The Canadian family in crisis 3322:Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader 2776:The Canadian family in crisis 2685:. James Lorimer and Company. 2681:The Canadian Family in Crisis 2407:The Story of the Fifth Estate 6743:École Polytechnique massacre 6691:École Polytechnique massacre 6643:Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont 6182:École Polytechnique massacre 3361:. In Tsokos, Michael (ed.). 3316:Perry, Barbara, ed. (2003). 2593:. May 30, 1990. p. A15. 943:registration of all firearms 655:former Catholic nun, and an 614:École Polytechnique Massacre 93:École Polytechnique massacre 18:Ecole Polytechnique massacre 6768:Deaths by firearm in Quebec 5608:Coquitlam, British Columbia 5275:"Michèle Thibodeau-DeGuire" 4887:"Men wearing white ribbons" 2403:"A Difficult Story to Tell" 1501:"Gunman massacres 14 women" 1417:Sourour, Teresa K. (1990). 1248:List of massacres in Canada 976:mass killing in Nova Scotia 719:National Assembly of Quebec 631:Vancouver, British Columbia 512:Vancouver, British Columbia 435:Emergency services response 6884: 6843:School shootings in Canada 6788:History of women in Canada 6132:Sir George Williams affair 5777:Fredericton, New Brunswick 5436:December 10, 2022, at the 3363:Forensic Pathology Reviews 3324:. Routledge. p. 271. 924: 641: 29: 6848:Spree shootings in Canada 6833:School killings in Canada 6828:Murder–suicides in Canada 6223: 6077:Burning of the Parliament 5923:La Loche Community School 5806:Langley, British Columbia 5800:Saanich, British Columbia 5038:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4692:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3238:New York University Press 1909:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1214:, a killing spree in the 1198:by the Australian singer 1122:Michèle Thibodeau-DeGuire 997:Polytechnique, 6 décembre 468:On December 6, 1989, the 322: 295: 266: 150: 106: 97: 6803:Mass shootings in Quebec 6152:Montreal Urban Community 6047:Capitulation of Montreal 5677:Vernon, British Columbia 5339:. Canada. Archived from 5249:Carrefour de l'Actualité 4796:"A Culture of Passivity" 4536:Boissoneault, Lorraine. 4443:. Canada. Archived from 3679:. Government of Canada. 3406:Harvard University Press 3357:Byard, Roger W. (2005). 3228:Brickman, Julie (1996). 3095:. Canada. Archived from 3005:. pp. 138, 161–62. 1212:2014 Isla Vista killings 1079:Nef pour quatorze reines 856:Nef pour quatorze reines 844:Nave for Fourteen Queens 840:Nef pour quatorze reines 349:2020 Nova Scotia attacks 6670:Institut Philippe-Pinel 6595:Affiliated institutions 6207:Dawson College shooting 6022:Great Peace of Montreal 5894:W. R. Myers High School 5369:Boileau, Josée (2020). 4830:Boileau, Josée (2000). 4724:Boileau, Josée (2000). 4499:Meyers, Helene (2001). 4352:Boileau, Josée (2000). 4085:Boileau, Josée (2020). 3906:Boileau, Josée (2020). 3850:Boileau, Josée (2020). 3709:Boileau, Josée (2000). 3541:Boileau, Josée (2020). 3429:Boileau, Josée (2020). 2844:Boileau, Josée (2000). 2805:Boileau, Josée (2000). 2618:10.1023/A:1021051002020 2346:Boileau, Josée (2020). 2199:. Montreal. p. A1. 1982:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1971:. Montreal. p. A1. 1809:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1767:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1751:. Montreal. p. A3. 1703:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1655:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1588:Cernea, Adrian (1999). 1542:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1461:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1300:Boileau, Josée (2000). 1222:2018 Toronto van attack 908:"Policy on Intervention 453:Dawson College shooting 79:Infobox civilian attack 6853:Université de Montréal 6758:1989 murders in Canada 6659:Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal 6607:Polytechnique Montréal 6497:Université de Montréal 6007:Saint-Sulpice Seminary 5992:Notre-Dame de Montréal 5876:St. Pius X High School 5759:La Loche, Saskatchewan 5741:Moncton, New Brunswick 2576:. Canada. p. A17. 2542:. Canada. p. A14. 1103: 1051: 927:Gun politics in Canada 876:violence against women 847: 846:) by Rose-Marie Goulet 729:Search for a rationale 622:violence against women 582: 515: 455:in 2006, and the 2014 418: 387: 365:Université de Montréal 132:; 34 years ago 84:considered for merging 6212:2012 student movement 5917:University of Alberta 5413:June 9, 2021, at the 5060:. on the w@terfront. 3032:. Canada. p. A8. 1349:. September 9, 2021. 1232:Port Arthur, Tasmania 1230:, a 1996 shooting in 1098: 1060:White Ribbon Campaign 1045: 1001:Manifeste d’un salaud 980:assault-style weapons 925:Further information: 900:Zero Tolerance Policy 837: 715:Canadian Armed Forces 693:access to information 573: 506: 491:, and Montreal mayor 416: 385: 282:), also known as the 130:December 6, 1989 58:45.50472°N 73.61278°W 6616:Affiliated hospitals 6172:1976 Summer Olympics 6167:Gargantua bar attack 6012:Battle of Long Sault 5997:Governor of Montreal 5888:Concordia University 5700:Mayerthorpe, Alberta 5501:CBC Digital Archives 5188:. December 6, 2019. 5158:. December 6, 2019. 5128:. December 6, 2021. 4985:"Magnets for Memory" 4927:. December 5, 1999. 4571:Dupuis-Déri, Francis 3642:. pp. 102–103. 3522:on February 12, 2009 3087:"Get under the desk" 2956:. pp. 227–230. 2482:. December 6, 2006. 2417:on November 26, 2012 1228:Port Arthur massacre 1182:by the folk duo the 911:in Conjugal Violence 896:Equality Action Plan 894:" consisting of an " 892:National Action Plan 764:personality disorder 514:by artist Beth Alber 331:misogynist terrorism 318:semi-automatic rifle 205:semi-automatic rifle 6808:Massacres in Canada 6696:Montreal Laboratory 6522:Faculty of Medicine 6244:Pre-European period 6157:Blue Bird Café fire 6117:St. Lawrence Seaway 6052:American occupation 5966:History of Montreal 5765:Quebec City, Quebec 5723:Claresholm, Alberta 5648:Quebec City, Quebec 5343:on October 23, 2010 4872:The Washington Post 4447:on December 6, 2012 3788:Journal de Montréal 3518:(3). Archived from 3195:. pp. 104–05. 2717:on December 9, 2007 2252:. pp. 170–71. 1592:. Éditions Lescop. 1115:John Abbott College 1086:for Fourteen Queens 794:in September 2006, 780:attachment disorder 723:English translation 691:The media filed an 477:Notre-Dame Basilica 323:École Polytechnique 267:École Polytechnique 107:École Polytechnique 63:45.50472; -73.61278 54: / 6813:Massacres of women 6648:Hôpital Notre-Dame 6579:Women's ice hockey 6187:Sex Garage protest 6097:Golden Square Mile 6082:Great Fire of 1852 6057:North West Company 5796:(Apr. 18–19, 2020) 5696:(Sep. 18–20, 2001) 5591:Ear Falls, Ontario 5444:, 6 December 2021. 5318:on April 18, 2009. 4193:The Globe and Mail 4018:The Globe and Mail 3408:. pp. 15–17. 3283:. pp. 48–49. 3092:The Globe and Mail 3029:The Globe and Mail 2927:. pp. 54–55. 2746:. pp. 65–88. 2644:. pp. 59–61. 2573:The Globe and Mail 2539:The Globe and Mail 2329:The Globe and Mail 2312:The Globe and Mail 2124:The Globe and Mail 2033:The Globe and Mail 1888:The Canadian Press 1381:. April 21, 2020. 1192:The Tragically Hip 1176:Pur chaos du désir 1128:Depiction in media 1104: 1052: 848: 819:hate or bias crime 697:Francine Pelletier 583: 516: 419: 388: 6868:Women in Montreal 6798:Massacres in 1989 6763:Crime in Montreal 6730: 6729: 6653:Hôpital Saint-Luc 6633:Hôpital de Verdun 6574:Montreal Carabins 6462: 6461: 5932: 5931: 5821: 5820: 5753:Edmonton, Alberta 5729:Edmonton, Alberta 5625:Brampton, Ontario 5382:978-1-77260-143-5 4843:978-1-77260-143-5 4775:on April 19, 2007 4737:978-1-77260-143-5 4584:978-0-670-06969-9 4485:978-1-55028-798-1 4365:978-1-77260-143-5 4098:978-1-77260-143-5 4053:. April 5, 2012. 3919:978-1-77260-143-5 3863:978-1-77260-143-5 3722:978-1-77260-143-5 3649:978-1-84277-009-2 3594:on March 21, 2007 3554:978-1-77260-143-5 3442:978-1-77260-143-5 3415:978-0-674-00972-1 3372:978-1-58829-416-6 3331:978-0-415-94408-3 3290:978-0-7619-2814-0 3202:978-1-84277-009-2 3099:on April 10, 2017 3012:978-0-670-06969-9 2857:978-1-77260-143-5 2818:978-1-77260-143-5 2791:978-1-55028-798-1 2692:978-1-55028-798-1 2359:978-1-77260-143-5 2259:978-0-670-06969-9 2095:on March 18, 2007 1995:978-1-77260-143-5 1822:978-1-77260-143-5 1780:978-1-77260-143-5 1716:978-1-77260-143-5 1668:978-1-77260-143-5 1555:978-1-77260-143-5 1474:978-1-77260-143-5 1313:978-1-77260-143-5 915:domestic violence 487:, Quebec premier 483:, Prime Minister 284:Montreal massacre 261: 260: 16:(Redirected from 6875: 6823:Murder in Quebec 6748:1989 in Montreal 6498: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6466: 6229: 6137:Murray-Hill riot 6102:Oldest buildings 6062:Bank of Montreal 5987:Fort Ville-Marie 5959: 5952: 5945: 5936: 5855:School shootings 5848: 5841: 5834: 5825: 5812:Vaughan, Ontario 5771:Toronto, Ontario 5743:(Jun. 4–6, 2014) 5735:Toronto, Ontario 5706:Montreal, Quebec 5694:Montreal, Quebec 5671:Montreal, Quebec 5654:Montreal, Quebec 5569: 5562: 5555: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5525: 5524: 5516: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5451: 5445: 5428: 5422: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5366: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5314:. Archived from 5301: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5118: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5066: 5059: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5037: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4899:on June 29, 2011 4883: 4877: 4876: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4827: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4771:. Archived from 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4691: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4506: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4473: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4407:Montreal Gazette 4397: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4310: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4082: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3847: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3706: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3675:Harder, Sandra. 3672: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3590:. Archived from 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3499: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3359:"Murder-Suicide" 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3118: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3082: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3023: 3017: 3016: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2977: 2968: 2967: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2883: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2779: 2769: 2758: 2757: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2706: 2697: 2696: 2684: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2631: 2622: 2621: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2556:Edmonton Journal 2550: 2544: 2543: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2472: 2461: 2460: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2413:. Archived from 2399: 2393: 2392: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2343: 2334: 2333: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2287: 2277: 2264: 2263: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2171: 2156: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2114: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2081: 2072: 2071: 2061: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2023: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1962: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1943:on June 23, 2013 1939:. Archived from 1926: 1915: 1914: 1908: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1806: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1764: 1753: 1752: 1742: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1700: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1621: 1604: 1603: 1585: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1539: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1515: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1414: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1347:Montreal Gazette 1339: 1330: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1297: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1264: 1160:Colleen Murphy's 1155:Montreal Gazette 1140:Denis Villeneuve 1032:Nathalie Provost 1022:sergeant-at-arms 752:Jacques Parizeau 508:Marker of Change 401:Nathalie Provost 342:gun control laws 325: 324: 300: 299: 269: 268: 231:Nathalie Provost 155: 154: 140: 138: 133: 120:Montreal, Quebec 109: 108: 102: 90: 87: 69: 68: 66: 65: 64: 59: 55: 52: 51: 50: 47: 21: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6872: 6733: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6700: 6679: 6611: 6590: 6557: 6536: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6463: 6458: 6230: 6221: 6192:Montreal merger 6092:Victoria Bridge 6042:1870 earthquake 6037:1732 earthquake 5968: 5963: 5933: 5928: 5899: 5858: 5852: 5822: 5817: 5814:(Dec. 18, 2022) 5808:(Jul. 25, 2022) 5802:(Jun. 28, 2022) 5782: 5779:(Aug. 10, 2018) 5773:(Jul. 22, 2018) 5767:(Jan. 29, 2017) 5761:(Jan. 22, 2016) 5755:(Dec. 29, 2014) 5749:(Oct. 22, 2014) 5747:Ottawa, Ontario 5737:(Jul. 16, 2012) 5731:(Jun. 15, 2012) 5725:(Dec. 15, 2011) 5711: 5708:(Sep. 13, 2006) 5682: 5673:(Aug. 24, 1992) 5659: 5636: 5633:(Oct. 27, 1975) 5631:Ottawa, Ontario 5613: 5610:(Apr. 20, 1965) 5596: 5593:(Dec. 25, 1958) 5579: 5573: 5543: 5531: 5519: 5511: 5497: 5492: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5472: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5438:Wayback Machine 5429: 5425: 5421:, May 20, 2021. 5415:Wayback Machine 5406: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5383: 5368: 5367: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5288: 5286: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5120: 5119: 5112: 5102: 5100: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5057: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5030: 5023: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4934: 4932: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4844: 4829: 4828: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4801:National Review 4793: 4792: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4738: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4684: 4677: 4675: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4648: 4646: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4523: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4399: 4398: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4366: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4327: 4312: 4311: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4225:. May 1, 2020. 4217: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4108: 4106: 4099: 4084: 4083: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3995: 3993: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3920: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3864: 3849: 3848: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3723: 3708: 3707: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3659: 3657: 3650: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3555: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3501: 3500: 3493: 3483: 3481: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3443: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3373: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3332: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3291: 3281:SAGE Publishing 3272: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3248: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3203: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3120: 3119: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3084: 3083: 3076: 3066: 3064: 3057: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3013: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2979: 2978: 2971: 2964: 2954:SAGE Publishing 2947: 2946: 2942: 2935: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2885: 2884: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2858: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2828: 2826: 2819: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2771: 2770: 2761: 2754: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2708: 2707: 2700: 2693: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2652: 2633: 2632: 2625: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2523: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2474: 2473: 2464: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2360: 2345: 2344: 2337: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2296: 2279: 2278: 2267: 2260: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2173: 2172: 2159: 2144: 2142: 2135: 2116: 2115: 2108: 2098: 2096: 2083: 2082: 2075: 2063: 2062: 2053: 2043: 2041: 2025: 2024: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1996: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1964: 1963: 1956: 1946: 1944: 1928: 1927: 1918: 1901: 1894: 1892: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1863: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1823: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1790: 1788: 1781: 1766: 1765: 1756: 1744: 1743: 1736: 1726: 1724: 1717: 1702: 1701: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1669: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1639: 1637: 1623: 1622: 1607: 1600: 1587: 1586: 1575: 1565: 1563: 1556: 1541: 1540: 1529: 1519: 1517: 1516:on June 4, 2011 1513: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1484: 1482: 1475: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1428: 1426: 1416: 1415: 1398: 1388: 1386: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1341: 1340: 1333: 1323: 1321: 1314: 1299: 1298: 1291: 1281: 1279: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1208: 1196:6 December 1989 1130: 1075:Queen Mary Road 1064:London, Ontario 1040: 992: 950:semi automatics 929: 923: 872: 832: 744:Robert Bourassa 731: 685: 653:French Canadian 646: 640: 610:Ontario, Canada 568: 501: 489:Robert Bourassa 470:Montreal Police 466: 437: 367:, armed with a 357: 174:school shooting 162: 136: 134: 131: 111: 88: 72: 62: 60: 56: 53: 48: 45: 43: 41: 40: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6881: 6879: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6735: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6698: 6693: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6609: 6604: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6584:Men's football 6581: 6571: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6527:Faculty of Law 6524: 6519: 6514: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6484: 6477: 6469: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6240: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6142:October Crisis 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6072:List of Mayors 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5978: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5954: 5947: 5939: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5911:Dawson College 5907: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5859: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5843: 5836: 5828: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5809: 5803: 5797: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5703: 5702:(Mar. 3, 2005) 5697: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5679:(Apr. 5, 1996) 5674: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5656:(Dec. 6, 1989) 5651: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5634: 5628: 5627:(May 28, 1975) 5621: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5580: 5576:Mass shootings 5574: 5572: 5571: 5564: 5557: 5549: 5542: 5541: 5529: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5496: 5495:External links 5493: 5490: 5489: 5470: 5464:. p. 75. 5446: 5423: 5400: 5381: 5354: 5321: 5296: 5266: 5236: 5203: 5173: 5143: 5110: 5078: 5045: 5008: 4975: 4942: 4910: 4878: 4861: 4842: 4819: 4786: 4763:Lakeman, Lee. 4755: 4736: 4716: 4710:Ottawa Citizen 4699: 4656: 4638:Postmedia News 4623: 4590: 4583: 4561: 4528: 4521: 4507:. Albany, NY: 4491: 4484: 4458: 4425: 4383: 4364: 4344: 4325: 4302: 4271: 4240: 4210: 4179: 4149: 4116: 4097: 4068: 4036: 4003: 3970: 3937: 3918: 3898: 3881: 3862: 3839: 3806: 3773: 3740: 3721: 3694: 3667: 3648: 3622: 3605: 3572: 3553: 3533: 3491: 3460: 3441: 3421: 3414: 3390: 3371: 3349: 3330: 3308: 3289: 3265: 3246: 3220: 3201: 3175: 3144: 3110: 3074: 3055: 3035: 3018: 3011: 2989: 2969: 2962: 2940: 2933: 2909: 2875: 2856: 2836: 2817: 2797: 2790: 2759: 2752: 2728: 2698: 2691: 2669: 2650: 2623: 2596: 2579: 2562: 2545: 2528: 2521: 2515:. p. 58. 2497: 2462: 2445: 2428: 2394: 2377: 2358: 2335: 2318: 2301: 2294: 2265: 2258: 2236: 2219: 2213:Ottawa Citizen 2202: 2185: 2157: 2133: 2106: 2073: 2067:Ottawa Citizen 2051: 2013: 1994: 1974: 1954: 1916: 1873: 1840: 1821: 1798: 1779: 1754: 1734: 1715: 1686: 1667: 1647: 1605: 1598: 1573: 1554: 1527: 1514:(video stream) 1492: 1473: 1453: 1436: 1396: 1364: 1331: 1312: 1289: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1239: 1225: 1219: 1207: 1204: 1138:, directed by 1129: 1126: 1039: 1036: 991: 988: 984:grandfathering 967:Justin Trudeau 958:Stephen Harper 954:PolySeSouvient 922: 919: 871: 868: 860: 859: 831: 828: 797:Globe and Mail 792:Dawson College 730: 727: 684: 683:Suicide letter 681: 642:Main article: 639: 636: 635: 634: 626: 625: 588: 587: 567: 564: 563: 562: 559: 556: 553: 550: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 532: 529: 526: 523: 500: 497: 485:Brian Mulroney 465: 462: 436: 433: 356: 353: 259: 258: 249: 245: 244: 239: 235: 234: 229:14 (including 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 213: 212: 207: 197: 193: 192: 182:murder-suicide 163: 160: 157: 156: 146: 142: 141: 128: 124: 123: 117: 113: 112: 103: 95: 94: 71: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6880: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6682: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6490: 6485: 6483: 6478: 6476: 6471: 6470: 6467: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6233: 6228: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6087:Gavazzi Riots 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6067:Lachine Canal 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5955: 5953: 5948: 5946: 5941: 5940: 5937: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5844: 5842: 5837: 5835: 5830: 5829: 5826: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5655: 5652: 5650:(May 8, 1984) 5649: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5582: 5577: 5570: 5565: 5563: 5558: 5556: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5507: 5506:Crime Library 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5494: 5482:September 20, 5477: 5473: 5471:9781554588022 5467: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5450: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5427: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5409: 5404: 5401: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5336:National Post 5332: 5325: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5312: 5307: 5300: 5297: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5237: 5224: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5207: 5204: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5174: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5144: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5088: 5082: 5079: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5046: 5041: 5035: 5019: 5012: 5009: 4996: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4979: 4976: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4946: 4943: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4898: 4894: 4893: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4875:. p. B1. 4874: 4873: 4865: 4862: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4807: 4803: 4802: 4797: 4790: 4787: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4759: 4756: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4720: 4717: 4713:. p. A9. 4712: 4711: 4703: 4700: 4695: 4689: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4660: 4657: 4644: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4627: 4624: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4594: 4591: 4586: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4562: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4532: 4529: 4524: 4522:0-7914-5151-8 4518: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4504: 4495: 4492: 4487: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4471: 4462: 4459: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4440:National Post 4436: 4429: 4426: 4413: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4348: 4345: 4332: 4328: 4326:0-7735-2862-8 4322: 4318: 4317: 4309: 4307: 4303: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4272: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4244: 4241: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4180: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4150: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4131:National Post 4127: 4120: 4117: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4050:National Post 4046: 4040: 4037: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4007: 4004: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3974: 3971: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3941: 3938: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3902: 3899: 3895:. p. B1. 3894: 3893: 3892:Vancouver Sun 3885: 3882: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3855: 3854: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3827: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3807: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3777: 3774: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3741: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3668: 3660:September 20, 3655: 3651: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3626: 3623: 3619:. p. A4. 3618: 3617: 3609: 3606: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3573: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3537: 3534: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3507: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3479: 3476:(in French). 3475: 3471: 3464: 3461: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3394: 3391: 3383:September 20, 3378: 3374: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3350: 3342:September 20, 3337: 3333: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3309: 3301:September 20, 3296: 3292: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3269: 3266: 3258:September 20, 3253: 3249: 3247:0-8147-1530-3 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3224: 3221: 3213:September 20, 3208: 3204: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3179: 3176: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3148: 3145: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3062: 3058: 3056:0-7735-2862-8 3052: 3048: 3047: 3039: 3036: 3031: 3030: 3022: 3019: 3014: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2990: 2986:. p. B7. 2985: 2984: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963:0-7619-8857-2 2959: 2955: 2951: 2944: 2941: 2936: 2934:0-88920-422-5 2930: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2913: 2910: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2863: 2859: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2840: 2837: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2801: 2798: 2793: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2777: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2753:0-88920-422-5 2749: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2732: 2729: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2688: 2683: 2682: 2673: 2670: 2662:September 20, 2657: 2653: 2651:0-7735-2862-8 2647: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2566: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2540: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2522:0-88920-422-5 2518: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2501: 2498: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2457: 2449: 2446: 2442:. p. A3. 2441: 2440: 2432: 2429: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2398: 2395: 2391:. p. A3. 2390: 2389: 2381: 2378: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332:. p. A7. 2331: 2330: 2322: 2319: 2315:. p. A6. 2314: 2313: 2305: 2302: 2297: 2295:0-7710-6125-0 2291: 2286: 2285: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2240: 2237: 2232: 2231: 2223: 2220: 2216:. p. A1. 2215: 2214: 2206: 2203: 2198: 2197: 2189: 2186: 2182:(1): 112–149. 2181: 2177: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2140: 2136: 2134:9780889204225 2130: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2068: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1969: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1906: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1877: 1874: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1844: 1841: 1828: 1824: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1786: 1782: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1722: 1718: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1651: 1648: 1635: 1632:(in French). 1631: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599:2-9804832-8-1 1595: 1591: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1480: 1476: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1457: 1454: 1449: 1448: 1440: 1437: 1424: 1420: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1368: 1365: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1319: 1315: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1216:United States 1213: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1170:'s 2007 play 1169: 1168:Wajdi Mouawad 1165: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1135:Polytechnique 1127: 1125: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1049: 1044: 1038:Commemoration 1037: 1035: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 989: 987: 985: 981: 977: 972: 968: 963: 959: 955: 951: 948: 944: 940: 939: 933: 928: 920: 918: 916: 912: 909: 903: 901: 897: 893: 889: 883: 881: 877: 869: 867: 865: 857: 853: 852: 851: 850:- Memorials 845: 841: 836: 829: 827: 823: 820: 815: 813: 808: 806: 803: 799: 798: 793: 789: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 739: 736: 728: 726: 724: 720: 716: 712: 706: 704: 703: 698: 694: 689: 682: 680: 678: 672: 670: 669:Canadian Army 665: 661: 658: 654: 650: 645: 637: 632: 628: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 594: 590: 589: 585: 584: 581: 577: 572: 565: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 520: 519: 513: 509: 505: 498: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 473: 471: 463: 461: 458: 454: 450: 445: 441: 434: 432: 429: 423: 415: 411: 408: 404: 402: 396: 393: 384: 380: 378: 374: 373:hunting knife 370: 369:Ruger Mini-14 366: 362: 354: 352: 350: 345: 343: 338: 336: 332: 327: 319: 315: 310: 308: 304: 298: 292: 291:mass shooting 289: 285: 281: 280: 275: 271: 257: 253: 250: 246: 243: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 211: 210:Hunting knife 208: 206: 203: 202:Ruger Mini-14 200: 199: 198: 194: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 166:Mass shooting 164: 158: 153: 147: 143: 129: 125: 121: 118: 114: 101: 96: 91: 85: 81: 80: 76: 70: 67: 36: 34: 33:Polytechnique 19: 6690: 6602:HEC Montréal 6541:Student life 6249:16th century 6181: 6112:Richard Riot 6107:Ouimetoscope 6017:Old Montreal 5904:21st century 5881: 5863:20th century 5653: 5480:. Retrieved 5456: 5449: 5426: 5403: 5391:. Retrieved 5371: 5345:. Retrieved 5341:the original 5334: 5324: 5316:the original 5309: 5299: 5289:November 23, 5287:. Retrieved 5269: 5259:November 24, 5257:. Retrieved 5248: 5239: 5227:. Retrieved 5216: 5206: 5194:. Retrieved 5185: 5176: 5164:. Retrieved 5155: 5146: 5134:. Retrieved 5125: 5101:. Retrieved 5092:Radio-Canada 5090: 5081: 5071:December 31, 5069:. Retrieved 5048: 5024:December 31, 5022:. Retrieved 5011: 5001:December 31, 4999:. Retrieved 4988: 4978: 4966:. Retrieved 4955: 4945: 4933:. Retrieved 4922: 4913: 4901:. Retrieved 4897:the original 4890: 4881: 4870: 4864: 4854:December 22, 4852:. Retrieved 4832: 4810:. Retrieved 4799: 4789: 4777:. Retrieved 4773:the original 4758: 4748:December 22, 4746:. Retrieved 4726: 4719: 4708: 4702: 4676:. Retrieved 4669: 4659: 4647:. Retrieved 4636: 4626: 4614:. Retrieved 4603: 4593: 4574: 4564: 4552:. Retrieved 4541: 4531: 4502: 4494: 4469: 4461: 4449:. Retrieved 4445:the original 4438: 4428: 4416:. Retrieved 4405: 4374:. Retrieved 4354: 4347: 4335:. Retrieved 4315: 4293:. Retrieved 4284: 4274: 4262:. Retrieved 4253: 4243: 4233:February 19, 4231:. Retrieved 4222: 4213: 4201:. Retrieved 4192: 4182: 4172:December 18, 4170:. Retrieved 4152: 4140:. Retrieved 4129: 4119: 4107:. Retrieved 4087: 4059:. Retrieved 4048: 4039: 4027:. Retrieved 4016: 4006: 3994:. Retrieved 3985:Toronto Star 3983: 3973: 3961:. Retrieved 3952:Toronto Star 3950: 3940: 3928:. Retrieved 3908: 3901: 3890: 3884: 3872:. Retrieved 3852: 3830:. Retrieved 3821:Toronto Star 3819: 3809: 3797:. Retrieved 3786: 3776: 3764:. Retrieved 3753: 3743: 3731:. Retrieved 3711: 3685:. Retrieved 3670: 3658:. Retrieved 3635: 3625: 3616:Toronto Star 3614: 3608: 3596:. Retrieved 3592:the original 3585: 3575: 3563:. Retrieved 3543: 3536: 3526:December 29, 3524:. Retrieved 3520:the original 3515: 3511: 3505: 3482:. Retrieved 3474:Le Polyscope 3473: 3463: 3451:. Retrieved 3431: 3424: 3400: 3393: 3381:. Retrieved 3362: 3352: 3340:. Retrieved 3321: 3311: 3299:. Retrieved 3275: 3268: 3256:. Retrieved 3236:. New York: 3233: 3223: 3211:. Retrieved 3188: 3178: 3166:. Retrieved 3157: 3147: 3135:. Retrieved 3126: 3101:. Retrieved 3097:the original 3090: 3065:. Retrieved 3045: 3038: 3027: 3021: 3003:Viking Press 2998: 2992: 2981: 2949: 2943: 2919: 2912: 2900:. Retrieved 2891: 2866:. Retrieved 2846: 2839: 2827:. Retrieved 2807: 2800: 2775: 2738: 2731: 2721:December 27, 2719:. Retrieved 2715:the original 2680: 2672: 2660:. Retrieved 2640:. Montreal: 2636: 2612:(1): 47–64. 2609: 2605: 2599: 2590:Toronto Star 2588: 2582: 2571: 2565: 2554: 2548: 2537: 2531: 2507: 2500: 2490:December 28, 2488:. Retrieved 2454: 2448: 2437: 2431: 2421:December 28, 2419:. Retrieved 2415:the original 2406: 2397: 2386: 2380: 2368:. Retrieved 2348: 2327: 2321: 2310: 2304: 2283: 2250:Viking Press 2245: 2239: 2228: 2222: 2211: 2205: 2194: 2188: 2179: 2175: 2152: 2143:. Retrieved 2122: 2097:. Retrieved 2093:the original 2065: 2042:. Retrieved 2031: 2004:. Retrieved 1984: 1977: 1966: 1945:. Retrieved 1941:the original 1934: 1895:December 28, 1893:. Retrieved 1886: 1876: 1866:December 29, 1864:. Retrieved 1853: 1843: 1833:December 30, 1831:. Retrieved 1811: 1789:. Retrieved 1769: 1746: 1727:December 27, 1725:. Retrieved 1705: 1679:December 27, 1677:. Retrieved 1657: 1650: 1638:. Retrieved 1629: 1589: 1566:December 27, 1564:. Retrieved 1544: 1520:December 29, 1518:. Retrieved 1511:the original 1504: 1495: 1485:December 27, 1483:. Retrieved 1463: 1456: 1445: 1439: 1429:December 30, 1427:. Retrieved 1387:. Retrieved 1376: 1367: 1355:. Retrieved 1346: 1324:December 27, 1322:. Retrieved 1302: 1280:. Retrieved 1271: 1262: 1195: 1187: 1184:Wyrd Sisters 1179: 1175: 1171: 1163: 1153: 1147: 1134: 1131: 1119: 1112: 1105: 1090: 1082: 1078: 1068: 1053: 1047: 1018:René Jalbert 1014: 1009:antifeminist 1005:Men's rights 1000: 996: 993: 962:Conservative 938:Firearms Act 936: 934: 930: 910: 907: 904: 899: 895: 891: 887: 884: 873: 861: 855: 849: 843: 839: 824: 816: 812:misogynistic 809: 795: 788:action films 784: 760: 756:Barbara Frum 740: 735:antifeminist 732: 711:Denis Lortie 707: 700: 690: 686: 673: 666: 662: 648: 647: 629:The City of 602:Elgin Street 591: 574:Memorial in 517: 507: 481:Jeanne Sauvé 474: 467: 446: 442: 438: 424: 420: 409: 405: 397: 389: 371:rifle and a 358: 346: 339: 328: 311: 288:antifeminist 283: 278: 277: 264: 262: 252:Antifeminism 77: 39: 32: 6778:Hate crimes 5794:Nova Scotia 5393:February 6, 5347:November 7, 5311:The Gazette 5218:The Gazette 4968:October 20, 4616:December 5, 4605:Toronto Sun 4543:Smithsonian 4511:. pp. 4418:February 6, 4376:February 6, 4337:January 24, 4295:January 12, 4264:January 12, 4203:January 12, 4142:December 5, 4109:January 19, 4061:December 5, 4029:December 6, 3996:November 6, 3963:December 6, 3930:January 19, 3874:January 19, 3832:February 7, 3799:January 30, 3766:January 30, 3733:January 30, 3687:February 3, 3565:January 10, 3506:mass murder 3484:January 23, 3453:January 23, 3168:January 23, 3137:January 22, 3067:January 24, 2902:January 22, 2892:Global News 2868:January 22, 2829:January 22, 2439:The Gazette 2388:The Gazette 2196:The Gazette 2006:January 10, 1968:The Gazette 1947:December 5, 1748:The Gazette 1447:Toronto Sun 1389:October 23, 1180:This Memory 1108:Mount Royal 1101:Mount Royal 990:Controversy 947:centre-fire 921:Gun control 880:Judy Rebick 772:masculinity 748:Claude Ryan 649:Marc Lépine 644:Marc Lépine 638:Perpetrator 620:climate of 618:patriarchal 361:Marc Lépine 314:Marc Lépine 242:Marc Lépine 238:Perpetrator 170:mass murder 161:Attack type 73:‹ The 61: / 6737:Categories 6002:Hôtel-Dieu 5196:January 1, 5166:January 1, 5136:January 1, 4935:January 4, 4509:SUNY Press 4021:. Canada. 2370:January 9, 2151:Quoted in 2145:January 2, 2127:. Canada. 2099:January 1, 1791:January 4, 1640:January 8, 1254:References 1200:Judy Small 1149:The Anorak 1144:Adam Kelly 1027:Mark Steyn 800:columnist 598:Minto Park 576:Minto Park 377:small game 190:hate crime 137:1989-12-06 104:Plaque at 49:73°36′46″W 46:45°30′17″N 6562:Athletics 6505:Academics 6032:Grey Nuns 5982:Hochelaga 5857:in Canada 5578:in Canada 5229:April 28, 5103:August 3, 4812:April 25, 4779:April 20, 4688:cite news 4649:April 28, 4554:April 28, 3640:Zed Books 3193:Zed Books 2999:Aftermath 2983:La Presse 2456:La Presse 2246:Aftermath 2230:La Presse 2044:April 28, 1936:Maclean's 1905:cite news 1630:La Presse 1236:Australia 898:" and a " 805:suggested 768:psychotic 702:La Presse 566:Memorials 493:Jean Doré 464:Aftermath 392:registrar 286:, was an 186:terrorism 148:Women at 82:is being 6661:(closed) 6655:(closed) 6236:Timeline 6177:Overdale 5476:Archived 5434:Archived 5419:CBC News 5411:Archived 5387:Archived 5283:Archived 5281:. 2001. 5253:Archived 5223:Archived 5190:Archived 5186:CBC News 5160:Archived 5156:Montreal 5130:Archived 5126:CBC News 5097:Archived 5062:Archived 5034:cite web 4995:Archived 4990:The Tyee 4962:Archived 4957:CBC News 4929:Archived 4924:CBC News 4903:March 7, 4892:CBC News 4848:Archived 4806:Archived 4742:Archived 4678:March 2, 4671:La Press 4643:Archived 4610:Archived 4573:(eds.). 4548:Archived 4451:March 7, 4412:Archived 4370:Archived 4331:Archived 4289:Archived 4258:Archived 4227:Archived 4223:Macleans 4197:Archived 4166:Archived 4136:Archived 4103:Archived 4055:Archived 4023:Archived 3990:Archived 3957:Archived 3924:Archived 3868:Archived 3826:Archived 3793:Archived 3760:Archived 3755:CBC News 3727:Archived 3681:Archived 3654:Archived 3598:March 7, 3587:CBC News 3559:Archived 3478:Archived 3447:Archived 3377:Archived 3336:Archived 3295:Archived 3252:Archived 3207:Archived 3162:Archived 3158:CBC News 3131:Archived 3127:CTV News 3061:Archived 2896:Archived 2862:Archived 2823:Archived 2656:Archived 2484:Archived 2480:CityNews 2411:CBC News 2364:Archived 2139:Archived 2089:CTV News 2038:Archived 2000:Archived 1860:Archived 1855:CBC News 1827:Archived 1785:Archived 1721:Archived 1673:Archived 1634:Archived 1560:Archived 1506:CBC News 1479:Archived 1423:Archived 1383:Archived 1378:NBC News 1357:June 29, 1351:Archived 1318:Archived 1282:June 29, 1276:Archived 1206:See also 1188:Montreal 1050:, detail 802:Jan Wong 657:Algerian 428:magazine 355:Timeline 303:Montreal 270:massacre 256:misogyny 178:femicide 122:, Canada 116:Location 86:. › 75:template 6684:History 6548:CISM-FM 6122:Expo 67 6027:Citadel 5513:Portals 5442:YouTube 4285:CTVNews 3103:June 3, 1146:called 971:Liberal 499:Victims 226:Injured 196:Weapons 135: ( 6569:CEPSUM 5974:Topics 5925:(2016) 5919:(2012) 5913:(2006) 5896:(1999) 5890:(1992) 5884:(1989) 5878:(1975) 5872:(1975) 5468: 5379: 4840: 4734: 4581: 4519: 4482: 4362: 4323: 4162:CanLII 4095: 3916: 3860: 3719: 3646: 3551: 3439: 3412: 3369: 3328: 3287: 3244: 3199: 3053: 3009: 2960: 2931: 2854: 2815: 2788: 2750: 2689: 2648: 2519: 2356: 2292: 2256: 2131: 1992: 1819: 1777: 1713: 1665: 1596: 1552: 1471: 1310: 1172:Forêts 1020:, the 830:Legacy 750:, and 606:Ottawa 600:, off 580:Ottawa 451:, the 307:Quebec 274:French 248:Motive 218:Deaths 145:Target 35:(film) 6705:Other 6454:2000s 6449:1990s 6444:1980s 6439:1970s 6434:1960s 6429:1950s 6424:1940s 6419:1930s 6414:1920s 6409:1910s 6404:1900s 6399:1890s 6394:1880s 6389:1870s 6384:1860s 6379:1850s 6374:1840s 6369:1830s 6364:1820s 6359:1810s 6354:1800s 6349:1790s 6344:1780s 6339:1770s 6334:1760s 6329:1750s 6324:1740s 6319:1730s 6314:1720s 6309:1710s 6304:1700s 6299:1690s 6294:1680s 6289:1670s 6284:1660s 6279:1650s 6274:1640s 6269:1630s 6264:1620s 6259:1610s 6254:1600s 5787:2020s 5716:2010s 5687:2000s 5664:1990s 5641:1980s 5618:1970s 5601:1960s 5584:1950s 5539:1980s 5065:(PDF) 5058:(PDF) 1162:play 776:abuse 677:CEGEP 604:, in 5484:2020 5466:ISBN 5395:2022 5377:ISBN 5349:2010 5291:2017 5261:2017 5231:2018 5198:2022 5168:2022 5138:2022 5105:2015 5073:2006 5040:link 5026:2006 5003:2006 4970:2020 4937:2007 4905:2007 4856:2021 4838:ISBN 4814:2017 4781:2007 4750:2021 4732:ISBN 4694:link 4680:2014 4651:2018 4618:2011 4579:ISBN 4556:2018 4517:ISBN 4515:–4. 4480:ISBN 4453:2007 4420:2022 4378:2022 4360:ISBN 4339:2021 4321:ISBN 4297:2022 4266:2022 4254:CP24 4235:2022 4205:2022 4174:2015 4144:2012 4111:2022 4093:ISBN 4063:2012 4031:2009 3998:2010 3965:2009 3932:2022 3914:ISBN 3876:2022 3858:ISBN 3834:2022 3801:2022 3768:2022 3735:2022 3717:ISBN 3689:2007 3662:2020 3644:ISBN 3600:2007 3567:2022 3549:ISBN 3528:2006 3486:2022 3455:2022 3437:ISBN 3410:ISBN 3385:2020 3367:ISBN 3344:2020 3326:ISBN 3303:2020 3285:ISBN 3260:2020 3242:ISBN 3215:2020 3197:ISBN 3170:2022 3139:2022 3105:2020 3069:2021 3051:ISBN 3007:ISBN 2958:ISBN 2929:ISBN 2904:2022 2870:2022 2852:ISBN 2831:2022 2813:ISBN 2786:ISBN 2748:ISBN 2723:2006 2687:ISBN 2664:2020 2646:ISBN 2517:ISBN 2492:2006 2423:2006 2372:2022 2354:ISBN 2290:ISBN 2254:ISBN 2147:2007 2129:ISBN 2101:2007 2046:2018 2008:2022 1990:ISBN 1949:2011 1911:link 1897:2006 1868:2006 1835:2021 1817:ISBN 1793:2022 1775:ISBN 1729:2021 1711:ISBN 1681:2021 1663:ISBN 1642:2022 1594:ISBN 1568:2021 1550:ISBN 1522:2006 1487:2021 1469:ISBN 1431:2021 1391:2022 1359:2023 1326:2021 1308:ISBN 1284:2023 1194:and 1084:Nave 1046:The 1007:and 713:, a 263:The 127:Date 5527:Law 5440:on 4476:166 2782:164 2614:doi 1190:by 969:'s 960:'s 301:in 6739:: 5474:. 5460:. 5417:. 5385:. 5357:^ 5333:. 5308:. 5277:. 5247:. 5221:. 5215:. 5184:. 5154:. 5124:. 5113:^ 5089:. 5036:}} 5032:{{ 4993:. 4987:. 4960:. 4954:. 4921:. 4889:. 4846:. 4822:^ 4804:. 4798:. 4767:. 4740:. 4690:}} 4686:{{ 4668:. 4641:. 4635:. 4608:. 4602:. 4546:. 4540:. 4478:. 4437:. 4410:. 4404:. 4386:^ 4368:. 4329:. 4305:^ 4287:. 4283:. 4256:. 4252:. 4221:. 4195:. 4191:. 4164:. 4160:. 4134:. 4128:. 4101:. 4071:^ 4047:. 4015:. 3988:. 3982:. 3955:. 3949:. 3922:. 3866:. 3842:^ 3824:. 3818:. 3791:. 3785:. 3758:. 3752:. 3725:. 3697:^ 3652:. 3638:. 3584:. 3557:. 3514:. 3510:. 3494:^ 3472:. 3445:. 3404:. 3375:. 3334:. 3320:. 3293:. 3279:. 3250:. 3240:. 3205:. 3191:. 3160:. 3156:. 3129:. 3125:. 3113:^ 3089:. 3077:^ 3059:. 3001:. 2972:^ 2952:. 2923:. 2894:. 2890:. 2878:^ 2860:. 2821:. 2784:. 2762:^ 2742:. 2701:^ 2654:. 2626:^ 2608:. 2511:. 2478:. 2465:^ 2409:. 2405:. 2362:. 2338:^ 2268:^ 2248:. 2180:11 2178:. 2160:^ 2137:. 2121:. 2109:^ 2087:. 2076:^ 2054:^ 2036:. 2030:. 2016:^ 1998:. 1957:^ 1933:. 1919:^ 1907:}} 1903:{{ 1885:. 1858:. 1852:. 1825:. 1801:^ 1783:. 1757:^ 1737:^ 1719:. 1689:^ 1671:. 1628:. 1608:^ 1576:^ 1558:. 1530:^ 1503:. 1477:. 1421:. 1399:^ 1375:. 1345:. 1334:^ 1316:. 1292:^ 1274:. 1270:. 1234:, 1202:. 1186:, 1158:. 917:. 746:, 725:. 608:, 578:, 305:, 276:: 254:, 188:, 184:, 180:, 176:, 172:, 168:, 6488:e 6481:t 6474:v 5958:e 5951:t 5944:v 5847:e 5840:t 5833:v 5568:e 5561:t 5554:v 5515:: 5486:. 5397:. 5351:. 5293:. 5263:. 5233:. 5200:. 5170:. 5140:. 5107:. 5075:. 5042:) 5028:. 5005:. 4972:. 4939:. 4907:. 4858:. 4816:. 4783:. 4752:. 4696:) 4682:. 4653:. 4620:. 4587:. 4558:. 4525:. 4513:3 4488:. 4455:. 4422:. 4380:. 4341:. 4299:. 4268:. 4237:. 4207:. 4176:. 4146:. 4113:. 4065:. 4033:. 4000:. 3967:. 3934:. 3878:. 3836:. 3803:. 3770:. 3737:. 3691:. 3664:. 3602:. 3569:. 3530:. 3516:1 3488:. 3457:. 3418:. 3387:. 3346:. 3305:. 3262:. 3217:. 3172:. 3141:. 3107:. 3071:. 3015:. 2966:. 2937:. 2906:. 2872:. 2833:. 2794:. 2756:. 2725:. 2695:. 2666:. 2620:. 2616:: 2610:5 2525:. 2494:. 2425:. 2374:. 2298:. 2262:. 2233:. 2149:. 2103:. 2070:. 2048:. 2010:. 1951:. 1913:) 1899:. 1870:. 1837:. 1795:. 1731:. 1683:. 1644:. 1602:. 1570:. 1524:. 1489:. 1450:. 1433:. 1393:. 1361:. 1328:. 1286:. 1081:( 842:( 624:. 272:( 233:) 139:) 37:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

École Polytechnique massacre

Index