612:
463:
701:
866:
49:
2222:
845:
2166:
811:
60:
67:
3207:
2248:
2205:
828:
522:
3185:
794:
777:
257:
907:
358:
42:
31:
3287:
373:; luxuriantly covered with grass, & the Trees at 30 or 40 yards distant from each other, so as to resemble Meadow land, yet these spots are frequently interrupt in their Extent by either a rocky, or a sandy, or a swampy surface, crowded with large trees, and almost impenetrable from Brushwood which being the case will necessarily require much Time and Labour to cultivate any considerable space of land together.
5641:
3308:
5651:
3232:
886:
3167:
398:, are the richest productions of the best part of it; while the rest never gives birth to a tree at all, and is only covered with low flowering shrubs, whose infinite diversity, however, and extraordinary beauty, render this wild heath the most interesting part of the country for the botanist, and make even the less scientific beholder forget the nakedness and sterility of the scene.
2187:
3258:
557:...But near, and at the head of the harbour, there is a very considerable extent of tolerable land, and which may be cultivated without waiting for its being cleared of wood; for the trees stand very wide of each other, and have no underwood: in short, the woods on the spot I am speaking of resemble a
725:
comes out of swamps which the country abounds with… the country is overrun with large trees not one Acre of clear ground to be seen… the
Thunder and Lightning is the most Terrible I ever herd , it is the opinion of every body here that the Government will remove the Settlement to some other place for
448:
resting on a substratum of fat red clay, several feet in depth, is found even on the tops of the highest hills, which in general do not yield in fertility to the valleys. The timber, strange as it may appear, is of inferior size, though still of the same nature, i. e. blue gum, box, and stringy bark.
345:
and inland areas featured sclerophyll forests and woodlands filled with eucalypts of many different species, ranging in different heights, and growing at immensely contrasting densities. Much of the wooded land had grass cover under the trees, but comparatively small understorey shrub or smaller tree
440:, generally usurping their stead. When you have advanced about 4 mi (6.4 km) further into the interior, you are at length gratified with the appearance of a country truly beautiful. An endless variety of hill and dale, clothed in the most luxuriant herbage, and covered with
389:
The colony of New South Wales possesses every variety of soil, from the sandy heath, and the cold hungry clay, to the fertile loam and the deep vegetable mould. For the distance of 5 mi (8.0 km) to 6 mi (9.7 km) from the coast, the land is in general extremely
1344:, pockets in the southwestern edges of the Cumberland Plain (on the doorsteps of the Blue Mountains), and on the foreshores of the Hawkesbury River, it features 10–25 m tall eucalyptus trees with ostensible sclerophyll shrub understorey and open groundcover of sclerophyll
1376:, it is an ironbark shrub-grass forest located in western Sydney that sit on gravelly-clay soils and is made up of a moderately tall open eucalyptus forest or woodland to a low compact brush of paperbarks with nascent eucalypts. Broad-leaved ironbark (
517:, made all around appear like an enchantment; the stupendous rocks from the summit of the hills and down to the very water's edge hang'g over in a most awful way from above, and form’g the most commodious quays by the water, beggard all description.
1732:– They cover a series of eucalypt and casuarina dominated communities found on low-lying coastal alluvial soils, such as in Georges River and its tributaries in northern Woronora and the lowlands of Blue Mountains. They are dominated by
1260:– These are shrub and grass eucalyptus communities located in areas of low to moderate rainfall (less than 950 millimetres annually) and are most commonly found in large parts of the Sydney metropolitan area, namely in
3391:
About 40 species of reptiles are found in the Sydney region and 30 bird species exist in the urban areas. Sydney's outer suburbs, namely those adjacent to large parks, have a great diversity of wildlife. Since
5150:
4347:
Bangalay
Ecological and Bushfire and Eastcoast Flora Survey 2011, Pittwater Vegetation Classification, Vegetation Mapping, pre-1750 Vegetation Mapping and Vegetation Profiles’. Report prepared for Pittwater
586:
in all seasons. In those places where trees are scarce, a variety of flowering shrubs abound, most of them entirely new to an
European and surpassing in beauty, and number, all I ever saw in an uncultivated
5185:
Merriam, C. and Wagner, J., 1992. Local extinctions, habitat fragmentation and ecozones. Pp. 150-69 in
Landscape Boundaries: Biodiversity and Ecologicy by A. J. Hanron and F. De Castri. Springer: New York.
565:
to improve it… however, there are people… who think it good land… The grass upon it is about 3 feet high, very close and thick; probably farther back there may be very extensive tracts of this kind of
5048:
4486:
2008:
1514:– A critically endangered scrubby woodland community situated in southwestern Sydney that features a variety of stunted forest or woodland found on sandy substrates associated with deep
1489:– Found extensively in the Sydney metropolitan area and in the eastern parts of the Woronora and Hornsby plateaus particularly in Royal and Ku-ring-gai national parks with prominence of
497:
with distinct plantations of the tallest and most stately trees I ever saw in any nobleman's grounds in
England, cannot excel in beauty those whose nature now presented to our view. The
4813:(2022). Castlereagh Scribbly Gum and Agnes Banks Woodlands of the Sydney Basin Bioregion in Community and Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment, Canberra.
4711:
DECC 2008a, Protecting and restoring the
Cumberland Plain Woodland community at Campbell Hill West Reserve, Chester Hill. Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW, Sydney South
1894:
647:
the early
Europeans found growing on the Sydney sandstone both delighted and appalled them...the hungry settlers realized in despair that this magnificent vegetation offered little
1993:
1851:
4979:
4110:
1998:
1352:
635:
is picturesque and pleasing...but something more essential than beauty of appearance...must be sought in a place where the permanent residence of multitudes is to be established.
4795:
4023:
4144:
424:
At this distance, however, the aspect of the country begins rapidly to improve. The forest is less thick, and the trees in general are of another description; the iron barks,
2003:
4995:
Keith DA and Scott J 2005, Native vegetation of coastal floodplains – a diagnosis of the major plant communities in New South Wales. Pacific
Conservation Biology 11: 81-104
4091:
1856:
287:
are mostly covered with timber, yet so rocky that it is not easy to comprehend how the trees could have sufficient nourishment to bring them to so considerable a magnitude.
5395:
1522:
651:". Moreover, the First Fleet's reaction to the Botany Bay area was so negative that Phillip and his crew almost instantly explored further north, towards Port Jackson and
4883:
Coast and
Wetlands Society 1982, Temporal Changes in the Estuarine Flora and Fauna of Towra Point, Botany Bay. Unpublished report prepared for the Coastal Council of NSW.
3976:
1904:
1899:
1881:
4260:
4166:
4019:
4009:
1942:
1861:
5327:
5161:
2130:
4378:
4478:
4122:
4896:
Special edition., Geological Survey of New South Wales, 1vBryan, JH (1966), Sydney 1:250 000 Geological Sheet S1 56-5. Department of
Mineral Resources Sydney NSW.
444:
flocks and lowing herds, at length indicate that you are in regions fit to be inhabited by civilized man. The soil has no longer the stamp of barrenness. A rich
5052:
2079:
1975:
4639:
4674:
Tozer, M. G. (2003). "The native vegetation of the Cumberland Plain, western Sydney: systematic classification and field identification of communities".
1838:
401:
Beyond this barren waste, which thus forms a girdle to the coast, the country suddenly begins to improve. The soil changes to a thin layer of vegetable
611:
603:...through which you might, generally speaking, drive a gig in all directions, without any impediment in the shape of rocks, scrub or close forest.".
1924:
1272:
also exist within this biome, but they are distinguished by their lusher plant habitats. It is a dry woodland remnant containing waxy-leaved shrubs,
5680:
5369:
5332:
5405:
2112:
350:, which is inland, had sparser and fewer tree cover than the region near the coast. By May 1789 much of the thick forest around Port Jackson was
2107:
4932:
Keith DA and Myerscough PJ 1993, Floristics and soil relations of Upland Swamp vegetation near Sydney. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:325-344
4429:– Reserves at Lansdowne including Mirambeena Reserve, Lansdowne Reserve, Bogabilla Reserve and Amaroo Reserve. Unpublished report prepared for
3105:
1965:
462:
4921:
River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains of the New South Wales North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions - profile
2051:
2046:
2122:
2097:
5492:
4954:
AGC Woodward-Clyde Pty Ltd 1996, Cronulla Sewerage Treatment Plant Upgrade Environmental Impact Statement. Unpublished report prepared for
4823:
2038:
659:
417:, alongside of which the loftiest trees in this country would appear as pigmies, with the beefwood tree, or as it is generally termed, the
221:
158:
influence the dispersion of these ecological communities across a height gradient from 0 to 200 metres (0 to 700 ft). There are many
5609:
5342:
4698:
3813:
2140:
1373:
5074:
5461:
4187:
James, T. McDougall, L. and Benson, D.H. (1999) Rare Bushland Plants of Western Sydney, second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
1542:
1207:, it is a tall open forest with trees as high as 30 metres and is found on shale and shale-meliorated soils found in small pockets at
4791:
5425:
5420:
5206:
5127:
5085:
1319:
1288:
1199:
738:
was "exceedingly rocky, sandy & barren"; the area northwest of Botany Bay was "sandy barren swampy Country"; the coastline from
700:
981:– It is very thinly distributed across the dry areas to the south of Blue Mountains and in small portions in Calmsley Hill Farm in
142:
There are 79 vegetation communities in the Sydney metropolitan area that are identified, described and mapped. The combination of
5690:
5525:
5456:
5038:
Hindwood, K. A. and McCill, A. R., 1958. The Birds of Sydney (Cumberland Plain) New South Wales. Roy. Zool. Soc. New South Wales.
4852:
3393:
3138:
1711:
1707:
1563:
1147:, it is a wet sclerophyll forest where the annual rainfall is over 1100 mm (43 in), with its trees between 20 and 40 metres tall.
990:
896:
675:
538:
453:
do not upon an average exceed thirty. They are, in fact, so thin, that a person may gallop without difficulty in every direction.
5572:
4779:
4622:
3115:
1547:
958:
755:
4389:
5415:
1510:
421:, which is of much humbler growth, are the usual timber. The forest is extremely thick, but there is little or no underwood.
239:
It has been calculated that around 98,000 hectares of native vegetation remains in the Sydney metropolitan area, shaping the
865:
5471:
5410:
4908:
4810:
4365:
3883:
3636:
3002:
1485:
1208:
977:
619:
After landing, the First Fleet thought that Botany Bay was an inhospitable, swampy piece of land which lacked a source of
4495:
4293:, New South Wales: Survey, Classification and Mapping. Unpublished Report to Department of Environment and Climate Change
3328:
The fauna of the Sydney area is diverse and its urban area is home to variety of bird and insect species, and also a few
1937:
5675:
5362:
4537:
4095:
1799:– Occurring on sandy nether of coastal estuaries and bays, they include a number of subaqueous aquatic species, such as
1357:
1341:
1123:
48:
5026:
4906:
Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest of the New South Wales North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions - profile
1668:
in most parts of Sydney that have rivers or creeks (and as well as other regions in eastern New South Wales). They are
310:
The "neck of land" which separates the southern part of the harbour from the northern part was primarily sand. Between
4762:
2829:
1699:
1419:
1391:
1361:
986:
954:
4807:
2221:
1748:
scrubs are found on rocky creeks that are enclosed with coarse sandy alluvial deposits with common vegetation being
326:. Coastal areas featured mangroves in many inlets, estuaries at Port Jackson, in addition to decentralized areas of
5451:
4322:
3711:
3641:
3397:
3101:
3015:
3007:
2933:
2269:
2165:
1660:
1600:
1399:
1212:
1054:
1050:
1038:
743:
530:
267:
In 1787, the First Fleet personnel discovered a landscape that was alien to them, and unlike the green meadows and
5400:
4740:
3966:
3818:
3129:
2619:
1698:
and sand depressions, which are mostly cleared from the Sydney metropolitan area, but still exist in places like
1395:
1281:
1256:
800:
542:
4920:
4905:
4070:
French K, Pellow B and Henderson M 2000, Vegetation of the Holsworthy Military area. Cunninghamia 6(4): 893-939.
2135:
2102:
2089:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
1988:
1983:
1957:
1947:
1932:
1914:
1909:
1889:
1871:
1866:
1846:
844:
578:
The general face of the country is certainly pleasing, being diversified with gentle scents, and little winding
5626:
5594:
5441:
3971:
3928:
3808:
3791:
3786:
3766:
3516:
3133:
3064:
3053:
2696:
2595:
1648:
1415:
1046:
982:
970:
855:
834:
229:
5160:. Canberra: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Archived from
1422:
in southern Sydney containing a collection of sclerophyllous shrub and heath species and a ferny ground cover.
59:
5347:
5017:
Humphries, S.E., Groves, R.H., and Mitchell, D.S. (1991) 'Plant Invasions of Australian Ecosystems. Kowari 2'
5355:
4618:
3823:
3781:
3681:
3666:
3646:
3626:
3045:
2783:
2563:
2483:
2374:
1491:
1404:
1311:
1192:
1167:, it was once extensive on the north shore across the local government areas of Hornsby, Ku-ring-gai, Ryde,
1001:
592:
261:
66:
4263:
DARUG COUNTRY SYDNEY HARBOUR BRIDGE CYCLEWAY ACCESS PROGRAM - NORTH. MARCH 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
810:
5604:
5579:
4430:
3953:
3913:
3741:
3686:
3576:
3536:
3093:
2821:
2603:
2491:
2475:
2467:
2443:
2382:
2318:
2192:
White feather honeymyrtle, a paperbark tree with lance-shaped leaves that is covered with creamy-coloured
1775:
1571:
1369:
1315:
1184:
1180:
933:
739:
714:
596:
429:
335:
4445:
Post fire vertebrate fauna survey: Royal and Heathcote National Parks and Garawarra State Recreation Area
5446:
3908:
3843:
3771:
3431:
3069:
2845:
2813:
2667:
2659:
2571:
2555:
2515:
2430:
2414:
2406:
2358:
2326:
2286:
1750:
1618:
1449:
1204:
1163:
1157:
1127:
1025:
995:
437:
213:. The plants in this community tend to have rough and spiky leaves, as they are grown in areas with low
3206:
2247:
2204:
5518:
5390:
5291:
4416:
Auburn Council 2004, Auburn Council State of the Environment Report 2003-2004. Auburn Council, Auburn
3873:
3776:
3751:
3746:
3721:
3676:
3601:
3551:
3059:
3041:
2984:
2651:
2587:
2531:
2499:
2398:
2334:
2172:
1734:
1567:
1139:
1078:
966:
541:, who criticised Sydney for having "poor, sterile soil, full of stones", had a more positive view of
342:
233:
210:
173:
Savannas (or grassy woodlands), the most predominant biome in the Sydney region, mainly occur in the
136:
5109:
Green, D., 1973. -Re reptiles of the outer north-western suburbs of Sydney. Herpetofauna 6 (2): 2-5.
4058:
3632:
This list includes mammal, reptile and amphibian species that are spotted in the Sydney urban area:
521:
5621:
5562:
3943:
3893:
3868:
3853:
3706:
3691:
3651:
3471:
3242:
3195:
2965:
2941:
2893:
2837:
2704:
2611:
2451:
2422:
2350:
2294:
1103:
1098:
939:
827:
632:
558:
365:
First Fleet surgeon George Worgan described the environment of Sydney, particularly its terrain:
240:
1530:
with vegetation comprising low woodlands with sclerophyllous shrubs and an uneven ground layer of
5555:
5307:
4590:
4583:
Cumberland Plains Woodland: Trial Aerial Photographic interpretation of remnant woodlands, Sydney
4551:
Cumberland Plains Woodland: Trial Aerial Photographic interpretation of remnant woodlands, Sydney
4452:
3833:
3736:
3696:
3661:
3656:
3405:
3341:
3125:
3035:
2925:
2909:
2877:
2751:
2390:
2342:
2310:
2302:
1518:
sand deposits. It has been reduced in extent of at least 90% of its original pre-European extent.
1378:
1168:
1092:
1072:
644:
571:
482:
433:
414:
296:
3184:
4010:"The Native Vegetation of the Sydney Metropolitan Area Volume 2: Vegetation Community Profiles"
224:, have narrow, relatively tall, dense trees with a lush, moist understory of fleecy shrubs and
5654:
5616:
5599:
5589:
5567:
5550:
5545:
5466:
5202:
5081:
3716:
3561:
3546:
3521:
3456:
3421:
3173:
3143:
3089:
2885:
2767:
2743:
2712:
2627:
2547:
2539:
2366:
2278:
2176:
1225:
793:
776:
747:
690:
648:
391:
378:
163:
143:
4079:
3803:
This list includes insect, spider and centipede species that are commonly present in Sydney:
5299:
4290:
3933:
3858:
3838:
3731:
3726:
3616:
3591:
3586:
3501:
3466:
3426:
3408:, and many reptile species are experiencing population diminution and are becoming elusive.
3357:
3263:
3085:
3025:
2901:
2797:
2775:
2759:
2719:
2688:
2643:
2635:
2579:
2507:
2232:
1769:
1723:
1653:
1633:
1559:
1466:
1327:
1307:
1265:
1238:
1144:
1131:
1042:
1019:
892:
418:
410:
394:, being a poor hungry sand, thickly studded with rocks. A few miserable stunted gums, and a
347:
256:
174:
4319:
Understanding the Scenery: The Royal National Park with Heathcote National Park. Envirobook
4106:
3172:
Commonly sighted in Sydney, Australian magpies are known for their distinctive, "gargling"
717:
shows they are the most miserable set of wretches under the Sun… there is neither river or
5685:
5644:
5511:
5080:, CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.
4782:, Sydney in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
4602:
4464:
4360:
3948:
3756:
3611:
3571:
3556:
3451:
3441:
3097:
3074:
2917:
2680:
2459:
1715:
1555:
1455:
357:
182:
124:
93:
41:
30:
5123:
4722:‘Wianamatta Group and Mittagong Formation’ in C Herbert and R Helby (eds) A guide to the
4308:: systematic classification and field identification of communities. Cunninghamia 8:1-75.
1652:– Found on the floodplains in most parts of metropolitan Sydney near streamlines, where
5295:
5278:
Lowe, E.C.; Wilder, S.M.; Hochuli, D.F. (2016), "Persistence and survival of the spider
4776:
Community Structure of Cliff-Top Coastal Heathlands in Botany Bay National Park, Sydney.
4553:. Unpublished report prepared for NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service – Sydney Zone.
77:
From top; left to right: Savannas, sclerophyll forests, coastal heaths, rainforests and
4728:
Department of Mineral Resources, Geological Survey of New South Wales Bulletin 26, 4-9.
4016:
3918:
3898:
3848:
3701:
3621:
3596:
3526:
3496:
3481:
3446:
3292:
2949:
2861:
2853:
2727:
2523:
2236:
1669:
1527:
1461:
1365:
1323:
1261:
1176:
1013:
945:
671:
620:
526:
413:. The trees of the forest are here of the most stately dimensions. Full sized gums and
272:
243:, about half of what is likely to have been existing at the time of European arrival.
214:
117:
662:
wrote that Sydney Harbour was "either Immense Barren Rocks, tumbled together in Large
5669:
5337:
4223:
3581:
3541:
3416:
This list includes bird species that are widespread in the Sydney metropolitan area:
3345:
3217:
3110:
2869:
2805:
2735:
1786:
1604:
1242:
1119:
1107:
950:
913:
726:
if it remains here this country will not be able to maintain its self in 100 years...
351:
292:
5311:
3286:
1587:– A swampy sclerophyll forest affiliated with sporadically flooded soils containing
906:
4955:
4723:
4491:
3923:
3761:
3566:
3506:
3491:
3353:
3314:
3246:
2997:
2980:
1614:
1444:
735:
734:, the overall notion was that most of Sydney agriculturally poor – The land around
731:
718:
667:
640:
624:
561:… but the soil appears to me to be rather sandy and shallow, and will require much
395:
159:
5282:
in cities: do increased prey resources drive the success of an urban exploiter?",
4970:
4808:
Castlereagh Scribbly Gum and Agnes Banks Woodlands of the Sydney Basin Bioregion
4479:"ENDANGERED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY INFORMATION: Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest"
3938:
3888:
3828:
3511:
3486:
3476:
3385:
3349:
3307:
3275:
2957:
2254:
1496:
1436:
875:
722:
694:
686:
679:
550:
486:
478:
311:
291:
This was a response to comparisons with the mostly deeper, fertile soils of the
194:
113:
3231:
1336:– Found in the drier parts (less than 950 mm) of the Woronora Plateau, also in
885:
713:
I shall only tell you that this is the poorest country in the world, which its
5303:
5237:
Green, D. (1973). "Re reptiles of the outer north-western suburbs of Sydney".
4974:
3863:
3436:
3401:
3400:
for the increasing population, 60% of the original mammals are now considered
3369:
3267:
3257:
3166:
3030:
3011:
2258:
1665:
1596:
1439:
sand dunes sitting high on sandstone cliff tops between Bundeena in Royal NP,
1087:
962:
871:
652:
546:
425:
331:
315:
304:
225:
206:
178:
167:
147:
4273:
Kohen, J. (September 1996). "The Impact of Fire: An Historical Perspective".
4248:
1688:
flats, drainage lines and river terraces associated with coastal floodplains.
682:
as "very bad, most of the ground being covered with rocks, or large stones".
4759:
Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub Endangered Ecological Community Recovery Plan.
3606:
3361:
3337:
3296:
3238:
2210:
1808:
1800:
1790:
1672:
that prominently features tall, open eucalypts and casuarinas that stand on
1531:
1470:
1440:
1230:
1188:
1172:
1115:
1111:
1083:
1030:
783:
705:
623:, in addition to the area featuring poor, sandy soils that did not have any
583:
502:
467:
370:
327:
323:
268:
198:
128:
120:
97:
78:
5196:
2186:
1631:
flats and sand depressions and may be surrounded by broad-leaved cumbungi (
279:
The coast, as well as the neighbouring country in general, is covered with
1102:, and receiving high amount of rainfall (above 1000 mm), it is present in
689:, a member of the First Fleet, had a scathing view of Sydney's landscape,
4983:
3903:
3671:
3333:
3191:
3049:
1745:
1703:
1685:
1628:
1592:
1588:
1515:
1234:
1034:
851:
817:
600:
510:
506:
498:
441:
318:
the first area is made up of woodland. The rest of the land consisted of
300:
280:
151:
105:
5006:
The vegetation of seacliffs and headlands in New South Wales, Australia.
4626:. Report to NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Sydney South Region.
4224:"A Strange Natural Environment: Colonists in Eighteenth-Century Sydney"
3878:
3532:
Although not commonly spotted, these birds are also present in Sydney:
3373:
1719:
582:, covered for the most part with large spreading trees, which afford a
474:
202:
132:
109:
5534:
5264:
3365:
3318:
3271:
2193:
1551:
1273:
751:
579:
562:
494:
382:
190:
4855:
Urban Bushland in the Ryde LGA - Sydney Sandstone Ridgetop Woodland
4568:
Native flora in Western Sydney: Urban Bushland Biodiversity Survey
3461:
3377:
3213:
2257:
is one of the most common street trees in Sydney and is used as a
2228:
1695:
1474:
1345:
1337:
663:
514:
319:
186:
101:
4662:. Draft Explanatory Notes for the Wollongong 1:100 000 Map Sheet.
4634:
4632:
1767:– Found in Towra, they are a basic community dominated by either
1126:
in the north, and in the Illawara region, with small portions in
473:
Early settlers compared the landscapes to the manicured parks of
5378:
Native Sydney bushland – Indigenous vegetation communities
4660:
Benson D and Howell J 1994b, Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Studies
4521:
West Sydney Wild – Exploring Nature in Sydney’s Western Suburbs.
3381:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1607:, and is made up of moderate to heavy cover of paperbark trees.
1535:
1478:
1473:, peas and wattles. The ground layer comprises on open cover of
1277:
450:
445:
406:
402:
284:
155:
5507:
5351:
5258:
Plant-insect interactions as indicators for restoration ecology
4046:
West Sydney Wild – Exploring Nature in Sydney's Western Suburbs
3384:
may also be present in the urban environment, albeit seldom in
525:
Grassy woodlands with well-spaced trees that dominated most of
5261:
4739:
Proposed "Banksia Grove" residential subdivision, Bundock St,
3329:
185:
that are usually in open, dry sclerophyll woodland areas with
4745:
Unpublished report prepared for Bowen and Gerathy Solicitors.
4306:
The native vegetation of the Cumberland Plain, western Sydney
4061:
by NSW Environment & Heritage. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
2213:
trees are the most widespread in Sydney after the eucalyptus.
1789:, small tracts also exist on headlands exposed to prevailing
5076:
Biodiversity, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001
1566:
area. It is an area of high biodiversity, existing on poor
639:
Regarding Phillips' statement, Australian environmentalist
5051:. North Queensland Register. 2 August 2012. Archived from
4943:
The Flora of New South Wales. Volume 1-2 (Revised Edition)
4894:
Sydney Basin, New South Wales, 1:500 000 geological sheet.
1286:
Moist Shale Woodlands, Western Sydney dry rainforest, and
5503:
4249:
Statistical, Historical, and Political Description of NSW
1465:. There are also a wide variety of woody species such as
100:, is diverse for its size, where it would mainly feature
5158:
Fauna of Australia series, Environment Australia website
4923:
by Office of Environment & Heritage (NSW Government)
4386:
Nationally Threatened Species and Ecological Communities
1330:
in Northern Beaches and Hornsby LGA's and Pennant Hills.
4534:
The bushland of Hunts Creek Reserve and Seville Reserve
1237:
and Illawara, as well as on the foreshores of Hacking,
754:
area was "very dreadful Country", and the southwest of
721:
in the country that we have been able to find… all the
449:
There is no underwood, and the number of trees upon an
2675:
Common shrub species include, but are not limited to:
1495:. Heaths on coastal headlands are found in and around
658:
Upon arriving in Port Jackson, First Fleet lieutenant
4737:
Anne Clements and Associates 2003, Flora Assessment:
4145:"Dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass sub-formation)"
4059:
The native vegetation of the Sydney metropolitan area
3356:
are ubiquitous in the CBD areas of Sydney. Moreover,
615:
The rocky, sandy nature of the landscape (Botany Bay)
228:. They are mainly found in the wetter areas, such as
5004:
Adam P, Stricker P, Wiecek BM and Anderson DJ 1989,
4796:
Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
1599:
sand deposits. It is found in low-elevated areas of
5480:
5434:
5411:
Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub/Sydney Coastal Heaths
5383:
4617:Post fire vertebrate fauna survey : Royal and
1499:
on the outskirts of southern Sydney, near Royal NP.
1322:in southern Sydney. It is also present in north of
477:which also featured well-spaced trees and a grassy
5396:Castlereagh Scribbly Gum and Agnes Banks Woodlands
4487:NSW Department of Environment & Climate Change
4338:Unpublished report prepared for Ryde City Council.
4334:Biosphere Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd 2008,
1523:Castlereagh Scribbly Gum and Agnes Banks Woodlands
3977:List of invasive plant species in New South Wales
1203:– Characterized by thick shrubs and dominated by
549:'s landscape, which are further west, for having
489:described the landscape in a favourable manner:
4761:NSW Department of Environment and Conservation,
4167:"Wet sclerophyll forests (grassy sub-formation)"
1280:and small trees in a grassy understorey. It has
978:Dry Rainforests or Western Sydney Dry Rainforest
599:as "a fine timbered country, perfectly clear of
4664:Ecology Section, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
1183:to the north of Sydney, with small outliers in
711:
629:
576:
574:, also acknowledged the beauty of scenery:
555:
491:
387:
367:
277:
4980:Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service
4792:Conservation Advice1 for the Elderslie Banksia
3321:that was introduced in Australia in the 1860s.
1694:– Occupies the low-lying coastal river flats,
1526:– A small scrubby woodland community found in
5519:
5363:
4753:
4751:
4412:
4410:
746:was "sandy, rocky and very bad Country", the
295:and how the rocky mountainous areas like the
8:
4570:. NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.
1306:– Predominant on the northeast parts of the
758:was a "bad Country frequently over-flowed".
501:among the trees, the flight of the numerous
409:, which is again supported by a deep bed of
385:'s vegetation and landform in great detail:
5049:"Sydney's flying foxes now Bundy's problem"
4969:An Investigation of Management Options for
4048:. Dural, NSW: Rosenberg Publishing Pty Ltd.
3997:Sydney’s Bushland — More than Meets the Eye
2009:Hornsby Enriched Sandstone Exposed Woodland
1847:Illawarra Escarpment Subtropical Rainforest
1153:Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
957:in southern Sydney, and predominant in the
220:Wet sclerophyll forests, which are part of
5526:
5512:
5504:
5370:
5356:
5348:
5008:Australian Journal of Ecology 14, 515-547.
1989:Castlereagh Shale-Gravel Transition Forest
1948:Cumberland Shale-Sandstone Ironbark Forest
1825:
1664:– Found on the river flats of the coastal
1029:, it occurs in sporadic areas in northern
4561:
4559:
4523:Rosenberg Publishing Pty Ltd, Dural, NSW.
4289:Vegetation of the Cessnock-Kurri Region,
4217:
4215:
4213:
3245:bird in the plain and is usually seen in
1388:Sydney Sand Flats Dry Sclerophyll Forests
1334:Sydney Hinterland Dry Sclerophyll Forests
704:The sandy, rugged landscape near rivers (
4640:"Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests"
4295:. Eastcoast Flora Survey. November 2007.
4277:. Society for Growing Australian Plants.
4211:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4193:
2796:Introduced shrubs and/or vines that are
2231:which has a rigid point, and red flower
1714:and Kurnell in southeastern Sydney, and
1550:community situated in northern parts of
1221:Southern Lowland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
949:, it is scarcely present in the RNP and
699:
610:
520:
461:
428:, and forest oaks disappearing, and the
356:
255:
5406:Cooks River/Castlereagh Ironbark Forest
4111:NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service
4092:The best bushwalks in and around Sydney
3988:
1895:Coastal Enriched Sandstone Moist Forest
1617:area and the Hornsby plateau including
1353:Cooks River/Castlereagh ironbark forest
369:...We meet with, in many parts, a fine
139:and subtropical rainforest fragments.
4598:
4588:
4460:
4450:
3198:in urban, suburban and woodland areas.
2171:Sydney red gum, a common woodland and
1872:Coastal Escarpment Littoral Rainforest
1364:, and a few remnants in the cities of
1304:Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
1045:), and also in one diminutive area in
929:North Coast Warm Temperate Rainforests
750:area was "very bad & rugged", the
16:Geographic aspect of Sydney, Australia
5130:from the original on 1 September 2007
5117:
5115:
5098:Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia.
1994:Coastal Enriched Sandstone Dry Forest
1621:and Ku-ring-gai Chase national parks.
1613:– Common in Holsworthy defense area,
7:
5493:Eastern Australian temperate forests
5224:Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia
4697:. Vol. 1–2 (Revised ed.).
4388:. Environment.gov.au. Archived from
4044:Fairley, A.; Waterhouse, D. (2005).
4024:Office of Environment & Heritage
2108:Hinterland Riverflat Eucalypt Forest
2103:Cumberland Swamp Oak Riparian Forest
1852:Coastal Sandstone Gallery Rainforest
1656:(swamp oak) is the dominant species.
1412:Coastal Dune Dry Sclerophyll Forests
1382:) is the most commonly spotted tree.
670:, or A Dry Sandy Soil and A General
222:Eastern Australian temperate forests
4699:University of New South Wales Press
4581:Earth Resource Analysis PL (1998).
4532:Baulkham Hills Shire Council 2007,
3995:Benson, D.H. and Howell, J. (2000)
3814:Australian garden orb weaver spider
1999:Coastal Sandstone Foreshores Forest
1443:, Kurnell peninsula, Narrabeen and
1068:North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
283:...The necks of land that form the
5462:Sydney Sandstone Ridgetop Woodland
5195:Dolby, Tim; Clarke, Rohan (2014).
5027:Australia Plant Hardiness Zone Map
4967:Australian Littoral Society 1977,
4826:Sydney Sandstone Ridgetop Woodland
4251:by William Charles Wentworth, 1819
1543:Sydney Sandstone Ridgetop Woodland
1414:– Examples are found at Bundeena,
1229:, it is found in upper Narrabeen,
993:area, but in fragments. They have
912:A river-flat eucalyptus forest in
252:General topographical descriptions
14:
5426:Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest
5421:Shale Sandstone Transition Forest
4945:New South Wales University Press.
4549:Earth Resource Analysis PL 1998,
4519:Fairley A and Waterhouse D 2005,
4123:"Coastal Valley Grassy Woodlands"
2987:in the Sydney area would range:
2019:Castlereagh Scribbly Gum Woodland
1910:Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest
1857:Coastal Warm Temperate Rainforest
1326:and extends to both sides of the
1320:Garawarra State Conservation Area
1289:Shale sandstone transition forest
1200:Sydney turpentine ironbark forest
666:which are almost Inaccessible to
405:, resting on a stratum of yellow
5649:
5640:
5639:
5457:Southern Sydney sheltered forest
5267:). Sydney: University of Sydney.
4693:Harden, G. J., ed. (2000–2002).
4642:. NSW Environment & Heritage
4336:Ryde Flora and Fauna Study 2008.
4169:. NSW Environment & Heritage
4147:. NSW Environment & Heritage
4125:. NSW Environment & Heritage
3999:, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
3306:
3285:
3256:
3230:
3216:are notable for their screechy,
3205:
3183:
3165:
2700:(New South Wales Christmas bush)
2246:
2220:
2203:
2185:
2164:
2014:Southern Sydney Sheltered Forest
1943:Cumberland Shale Plains Woodland
1867:Coastal Dune Littoral Rainforest
1661:Sydney coastal river-flat forest
1310:on ridgelines within the Royal,
905:
884:
864:
843:
826:
809:
792:
775:
334:marshes, and sheltered areas of
65:
58:
47:
40:
29:
5681:Biogeography of New South Wales
5650:
4911:. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
4623:Garawarra State Recreation Area
4494:. February 2004. Archived from
2227:Narrow-leaved bottlebrush is a
2070:Coastal Upland Damp Heath Swamp
1938:Cumberland Shale Hills Woodland
1933:Cumberland Moist Shale Woodland
1785:– Usually located on estuarine
1554:on ridgetops and slopes of the
959:Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park
799:Grassy woodland/savanna in the
5416:Elderslie Banksia Scrub Forest
5328:Sydney Metropolitan Vegetation
4909:NSW Environment & Heritage
4798:. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
4357:Clarke PJ and Benson DH 1987,
4287:Bell SAJ and Driscoll C 2007,
4020:Catchment Management Authority
3299:and wooded areas of the plain.
3295:are usually found in the open
3088:, which include the cities of
2272:in the Sydney region include:
2047:Coastal Headland Banksia Heath
2004:Coastal Sandstone Gully Forest
1905:Sydney Foreshores Shale Forest
1900:Coastal Shale-Sandstone Forest
1684:soils on sporadically flooded
1511:Elderslie Banksia Scrub Forest
999:as one of the tree covers and
466:Scrubby, arable meadowland in
166:the many different biomes and
162:, paved and unpaved roads for
1:
5472:Western Sydney Dry Rainforest
4811:Department of the Environment
4425:Bankstown City Council 2002,
4379:"Sydney Blue Gum High Forest"
3884:Orchard swallowtail butterfly
3637:Australian blue-tongued skink
2438:Non-eucalyptus tree species:
1053:) in the Northern Suburbs to
1033:to Royal National Park (near
782:Warm temperate rainforest in
570:Another First Fleet surgeon,
493:...fresh terraced, lawns and
4892:Brunker RL and Rose G 1969,
4695:The Flora of New South Wales
4538:Baulkham Hills Shire Council
4261:ABORIGINAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
3122:Zone 9b (-3.9°C to -1.1°C):
3081:Zone 10a (-1.1°C to 1.7°C):
2029:Coastal Sand Bangalay Forest
1915:Pittwater Spotted Gum Forest
833:A wet sclerophyll forest in
730:In a 1793 commentary map by
627:. Arthur Phillips writes:
499:singing of the various birds
4941:Harden GJ (ed.) 2000-2002,
4427:Bushland Plan of Management
3022:Zone 10b (1.7°C to 4.4°C):
2830:Alternanthera philoxeroides
2755:(narrow-leaved bottlebrush)
2511:(white feather honeymyrtle)
2098:Cumberland Riverflat Forest
1984:Castlereagh Ironbark Forest
1730:Coastal Floodplain Wetlands
1700:Georges River National Park
1627:– Occurs on poorly drained
987:Abbotsbury, New South Wales
5707:
5452:River-flat eucalypt forest
5149:Burton, Thomas C. (1993).
5122:Australian Museum Online.
5073:Williams, J. et al. 2001.
4317:Young B and Young A 2006,
4230:. UTSePress and the author
4228:Sydney Journal Vol 4, No 1
3712:East-coast free-tailed bat
3642:Australian green tree frog
3270:, are found in woodlands,
2934:Cardiospermum grandiflorum
2075:Coastal Freshwater Wetland
2024:Castlereagh Swamp Woodland
1966:Coastal Headland Grassland
1649:Estuarine swamp oak forest
1625:Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
1585:Castlereagh swamp woodland
1039:Towra Point Nature Reserve
205:) and sparse grass in the
181:, which generally feature
92:, located in the state of
5635:
5541:
5401:Cumberland Plain Woodland
5304:10.1007/s11252-015-0518-9
3967:Cumberland Plain Woodland
3954:Pacific golden orb weaver
3819:Australian grapevine moth
3266:, known for their frisky
2991:Zone 11a (4.4 to 7.2°C):
2620:Cupaniopsis anacardioides
2495:(narrow-leaved paperbark)
2386:(thin-leaved stringybark)
2131:Estuarine Mangrove Forest
2113:Sandstone Cliff-face Soak
1862:Hinterland Dry Rainforest
1546:– A shrubby woodland and
1394:with smaller examples at
1257:Cumberland Plain Woodland
1251:Grassy Woodlands/Savannas
801:Cumberland Plain Woodland
685:In July 1788, Lieutenant
377:In 1819, British settler
338:along waterbody valleys.
5442:Coastal Swamp Oak Forest
5198:Finding Australian Birds
5151:"9. Family Microhylidae"
4832:Northern Beaches Council
4780:University of Technology
4619:Heathcote National Parks
4275:Australian Plants Online
3972:Environment of Australia
3929:Sydney funnel-web spider
3809:Australian carpet beetle
3792:Three-toed earless skink
3767:Three-toed earless skink
3517:Sulphur-crested cockatoo
3317:is a small, long-tailed
2697:Ceratopetalum gummiferum
2596:Brachychiton acerifolius
2487:(broad-leaved paperbark)
1742:Eastern Riverine Forests
1574:, and moderate rainfall.
1145:northern parts of Sydney
1047:Northern Beaches Council
989:, and as well as in the
983:Western Sydney Parklands
856:Botany Bay National Park
597:western plains of Sydney
322:, poor sand and several
5691:Vegetation of Australia
3824:Australian painted lady
3782:Red-bellied black snake
3682:Common brushtail possum
3667:Brush-tailed phascogale
3647:Australian water dragon
3627:White-bellied sea-eagle
3046:Cumberland City Council
2784:Ozothamnus diosmifolius
2564:Melaleuca quinquenervia
2543:(Australian silver oak)
2503:(bracelet honey myrtle)
2484:Melaleuca quinquenervia
2378:(yellow top mallee ash)
2375:Eucalyptus luehmanniana
1976:Dry Sclerophyll Forests
1882:Wet Sclerophyll Forests
1492:Eucalyptus luehmanniana
1405:Eucalyptus sclerophylla
1299:Dry sclerophyll forests
1282:a number of sub-regions
1063:Wet scleropyhll forests
1002:Clerodendrum tomentosum
674:". First Fleet officer
633:appearance of the place
247:Historical descriptions
135:, in addition to small
116:, with some pockets of
5222:Cogger, H. G. (2000).
4431:Bankstown City Council
4363:State Recreation Area.
3934:Sydney huntsman spider
3914:Punctate flower chafer
3742:Grey-headed flying fox
3687:Common ringtail possum
3577:New Holland honeyeater
3537:Australian king-parrot
2953:(purple morning glory)
2937:(balloon vine creeper)
2822:Thunbergia grandiflora
2604:Brachychiton populneus
2599:(Illawarra flame tree)
2551:(Sydney golden wattle)
2492:Melaleuca alternifolia
2476:Melaleuca linariifolia
2468:Allocasuarina torulosa
2444:Araucaria cunninghamii
2383:Eucalyptus eugenioides
2319:Eucalyptus capitellata
2237:spring or early summer
2052:Coastal Headland Heath
1776:Aegiceras corniculatum
1390:– Present in northern
934:Ceratopetalum apetalum
728:
709:
637:
616:
589:
568:
534:
519:
470:
455:
375:
362:
336:subtropical rainforest
289:
264:
5447:Coastal Upland Swamps
5384:Critically endangered
5333:Urban Forest Strategy
5096:Cogger, H.G. (2000).
4585:(Unpublished report).
4366:Royal Botanic Gardens
4359:Vegetation Survey of
4222:Graeme Aplin (2013).
3909:Plague soldier beetle
3772:Yellow-bellied glider
3432:Australian white ibis
3070:Georges River Council
2921:(Cairo morning glory)
2889:(small-leaved privet)
2857:(West Indian lantana)
2846:Asparagus aethiopicus
2814:Gleditsia triacanthos
2708:(spiny-head mat-rush)
2668:Lophostemon confertus
2660:Glochidion ferdinandi
2615:(weeping bottlebrush)
2572:Syncarpia glomulifera
2559:(Mount Morgan wattle)
2556:Acacia podalyriifolia
2516:Tristaniopsis laurina
2431:Eucalyptus melliodora
2415:Eucalyptus paniculata
2407:Eucalyptus longifolia
2359:Eucalyptus haemastoma
2327:Eucalyptus bosistoana
2287:Eucalyptus amplifolia
1751:Tristaniopsis laurina
1692:Coastal Swamp Forests
1505:Scrublands/Shrublands
1486:Sydney Coastal Heaths
1450:Allocasuarina distyla
1270:Moist Shale Woodlands
1205:Syncarpia glomulifera
1164:Syncarpia glomulifera
1158:Eucalyptus resinifera
1026:Elaeodendron australe
996:Alectryon subcinereus
703:
614:
524:
465:
360:
259:
211:Mediterranean forests
5391:Blue Gum High Forest
5201:. CSIRO Publishing.
4501:on 30 September 2007
4107:Sydney’s top 5 walks
3752:Long-nosed bandicoot
3747:Leaf green tree frog
3722:Giant burrowing frog
3677:Common bent-wing bat
3602:Red-whiskered bulbul
3552:Eastern yellow robin
3042:Canterbury-Bankstown
2985:plant hardiness zone
2969:(corky passion vine)
2779:(trailing speedwell)
2652:Flindersia australis
2647:(Port Jackson's fig)
2639:(Hill's weeping fig)
2588:Banksia integrifolia
2567:(paperbark tea tree)
2535:(black cypress pine)
2532:Callitris endlicheri
2500:Melaleuca armillaris
2399:Eucalyptus baueriana
2335:Eucalyptus moluccana
2268:The most widespread
1890:Blue Gum High Forest
1735:Microlaena stipoides
1611:Coastal Heath Swamps
1570:soils, with regular
1402:and is dominated by
1143:– Strictly found in
1140:Blue Gum High Forest
1079:Eucalyptus pilularis
1070:– Dominated by tall
1009:Littoral Rainforests
584:succession of leaves
271:forests of England.
260:Sydney's vegetation
5676:Geography of Sydney
5296:2016UrbEc..19..705L
5226:. Reed New Holland.
5055:on 30 December 2012
4774:Fullerton RN 1998,
4443:Andrew, D. (2001).
4096:The Daily Telegraph
3944:Transverse ladybird
3894:Green vegetable bug
3869:Green vegetable bug
3854:Imperial hairstreak
3707:Eastern brown snake
3692:Common garden skink
3472:Laughing kookaburra
3396:and the subsequent
3394:European settlement
3159:Common bird species
3048:(or eastwards from
3040:Eastern portion of
2966:Passiflora suberosa
2942:Cortaderia selloana
2897:(wild tobacco bush)
2894:Solanum mauritianum
2838:Anredera cordifolia
2771:(Asiatic pennywort)
2747:(lemon bottlebrush)
2705:Lomandra longifolia
2612:Melaleuca viminalis
2452:Araucaria bidwillii
2423:Eucalyptus punctata
2351:Eucalyptus racemosa
2322:(brown stringybark)
2298:(Sydney peppermint)
2295:Eucalyptus piperita
2136:Estuarine Saltmarsh
2062:Freshwater Wetlands
1813:Posidonia australis
1580:Freshwater Wetlands
1318:national parks and
1104:Ku-ring-gai Council
1099:Eucalyptus globulus
940:Doryphora sassafras
361:Sydney Cove in 1792
241:geography of Sydney
114:sclerophyll forests
5338:Wildlife of Sydney
5256:Lomov, B. (2005).
5124:"Crows and Ravens"
4566:James, T. (1997).
3834:Black house spider
3737:Feathertail glider
3732:Golden water skink
3697:Common death adder
3662:Broad-headed snake
3657:Bleating tree frog
3344:birds such as the
3126:City of Hawkesbury
3036:City of Parramatta
2961:(blue perrywinkle)
2926:Araujia sericifera
2910:Murraya paniculata
2905:(castor oil plant)
2878:Opuntia monacantha
2752:Melaleuca linearis
2723:(woolly xanthosia)
2463:(yellow bloodwood)
2391:Eucalyptus robusta
2343:Corymbia gummifera
2311:Eucalyptus oblonga
2303:Eucalyptus sieberi
2270:eucalyptus species
2080:Estuarine Reedland
1958:Coastal Grasslands
1615:Woronora catchment
1433:Wallum Sand Heaths
1379:Eucalyptus fibrosa
1195:in the southwest.
1093:Eucalyptus oreades
1073:Eucalyptus saligna
1005:as shrubby covers.
710:
617:
572:Arthur Bowes Smyth
535:
483:Arthur Bowes Smyth
471:
363:
297:Scottish Highlands
265:
5663:
5662:
5501:
5500:
5488:Ecology of Sydney
5467:Themeda Grassland
5100:Reed New Holland.
4778:Submitted to the
4492:Ryde City Council
3777:Peron's tree frog
3717:Great barred frog
3562:Little wattlebird
3547:Common bronzewing
3522:Superb fairy-wren
3457:Eastern spinebill
3422:Australian magpie
3398:bushland clearing
3264:Grey butcherbirds
3144:Wollondilly Shire
3128:, which includes
3010:, which includes
3008:Lower North Shore
2886:Ligustrum sinense
2768:Centella asiatica
2744:Melaleuca citrina
2713:Banksia spinulosa
2684:(old man banksia)
2631:(Moreton Bay fig)
2628:Ficus macrophylla
2575:(turpentine tree)
2548:Acacia longifolia
2540:Grevillea robusta
2367:Corymbia maculata
2279:Angophora costata
2177:Eastern Australia
2148:
2147:
2090:Forested Wetlands
1643:Forested wetlands
1226:Corymbia maculata
953:valley in around
748:Ku-ring-gai Chase
379:William Wentworth
275:expressed that:
209:, reminiscent of
90:ecology of Sydney
5698:
5653:
5652:
5643:
5642:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5505:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5349:
5315:
5314:
5280:Nephila plumipes
5275:
5269:
5268:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5167:on 20 March 2011
5166:
5155:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5119:
5110:
5107:
5101:
5094:
5088:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5045:
5039:
5036:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5009:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4987:
4965:
4959:
4952:
4946:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4924:
4918:
4912:
4903:
4897:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4861:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4820:
4814:
4805:
4799:
4789:
4783:
4772:
4766:
4755:
4746:
4735:
4729:
4720:Herbert C 1980,
4718:
4712:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4671:
4665:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4636:
4627:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4563:
4554:
4547:
4541:
4530:
4524:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4500:
4483:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4448:
4440:
4434:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4383:
4375:
4369:
4355:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4332:
4326:
4315:
4309:
4302:
4296:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4219:
4188:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4119:
4113:
4104:
4098:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4014:
4006:
4000:
3993:
3859:Christmas beetle
3839:Emperor gum moth
3787:Snake-eyed skink
3727:Golden bell frog
3652:Bibron's toadlet
3617:Turquoise parrot
3592:Red-browed finch
3587:Peregrine falcon
3502:Rainbow lorikeet
3467:Grey butcherbird
3427:Australian raven
3310:
3289:
3260:
3234:
3209:
3187:
3169:
3086:Cumberland Plain
3026:Northern Beaches
2913:(orange jasmine)
2902:Ricinus communis
2849:(asparagus fern)
2833:(alligator weed)
2825:(blue skyflower)
2798:invasive species
2776:Veronica plebeia
2760:Dichondra repens
2731:(wallum banksia)
2720:Xanthosia pilosa
2689:Casuarina glauca
2644:Ficus rubiginosa
2636:Ficus microcarpa
2580:Syzygium smithii
2508:Melaleuca decora
2479:(snow-in-summer)
2402:(round leaf box)
2394:(swamp mahogany)
2330:(coast grey box)
2282:(Sydney red gum)
2250:
2224:
2207:
2189:
2168:
2141:Seagrass Meadows
1925:Grassy Woodlands
1832:Eco-communities
1826:
1797:Seagrass Meadows
1770:Avicennia marina
1724:Northern Beaches
1718:, Narrabeen and
1680:-loam and sandy
1654:Casuarina glauca
1634:Typha orientalis
1560:Woronora Plateau
1328:Hawkesbury River
1308:Woronora Plateau
1266:Cumberland Plain
1132:North Parramatta
1043:Sutherland Shire
1020:Ficus rubiginosa
909:
888:
868:
850:Dry sclerophyll
847:
830:
813:
796:
779:
693:and as well its
593:Peter Cunningham
531:Liverpool Plains
348:Cumberland Plain
183:eucalyptus trees
175:Cumberland Plain
125:riparian forests
69:
62:
51:
44:
33:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5631:
5537:
5532:
5502:
5497:
5476:
5430:
5379:
5376:
5343:Birds of Sydney
5324:
5319:
5318:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5209:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5133:
5131:
5121:
5120:
5113:
5108:
5104:
5095:
5091:
5072:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5033:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4966:
4962:
4953:
4949:
4940:
4936:
4931:
4927:
4919:
4915:
4904:
4900:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4878:
4868:
4866:
4859:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4834:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4806:
4802:
4790:
4786:
4773:
4769:
4756:
4749:
4736:
4732:
4719:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4659:
4655:
4645:
4643:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4615:Andrew D 2001,
4614:
4610:
4597:
4587:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4544:
4531:
4527:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4459:
4449:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4395:on 18 June 2012
4392:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4361:Lane Cove River
4356:
4352:
4346:
4342:
4333:
4329:
4316:
4312:
4304:Tozer MG 2003,
4303:
4299:
4286:
4282:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4259:
4255:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4221:
4220:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4105:
4101:
4090:
4086:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3963:
3958:
3949:Zizina labradus
3899:Redback spiders
3874:House centipede
3844:Giant centipede
3801:
3796:
3757:Squirrel glider
3612:Tawny frogmouth
3572:Nankeen kestrel
3557:Golden whistler
3452:Eastern rosella
3442:Common starling
3414:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3293:Crested pigeons
3290:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3274:shrublands and
3261:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3075:Southern Sydney
3065:Eastern suburbs
2977:
2972:
2918:Ipomoea cairica
2873:(Easter cassia)
2865:(green cestrum)
2809:(African olive)
2794:
2739:(swamp banksia)
2681:Banksia serrata
2591:(coast banksia)
2527:(sickle wattle)
2460:Corymbia eximia
2418:(grey ironbark)
2346:(red bloodwood)
2306:(silvertop ash)
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2251:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2123:Saline Wetlands
1824:
1765:Mangrove Swamps
1760:Saline Wetlands
1716:Wheeler Heights
1708:Chipping Norton
1670:gallery forests
1556:Hornsby Plateau
1456:Banksia serrata
1292:, among others.
1155:– Dominated by
1134:and Pittwater.
1011:– Dominated by
967:Northern Sydney
931:– Dominated by
920:
919:
918:
917:
916:
910:
901:
900:
899:
889:
880:
879:
878:
869:
860:
859:
858:
848:
839:
838:
837:
831:
822:
821:
820:
814:
805:
804:
803:
797:
788:
787:
786:
780:
771:
770:
764:
678:also described
660:David Blackburn
609:
460:
396:dwarf underwood
254:
249:
230:Forest District
104:such as grassy
94:New South Wales
86:
85:
84:
83:
82:
81:
74:
73:
72:
71:
70:
63:
54:
53:
52:
45:
36:
35:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5704:
5702:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5668:
5667:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5647:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5602:
5597:
5595:Transportation
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5573:Severe weather
5565:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5508:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5323:
5322:External links
5320:
5317:
5316:
5290:(2): 705–720,
5270:
5248:
5229:
5214:
5207:
5187:
5178:
5141:
5111:
5102:
5089:
5078:(Theme Report)
5066:
5040:
5031:
5019:
5010:
4997:
4988:
4960:
4947:
4934:
4925:
4913:
4898:
4885:
4876:
4844:
4815:
4800:
4784:
4767:
4747:
4730:
4713:
4704:
4685:
4666:
4653:
4628:
4608:
4573:
4555:
4542:
4525:
4512:
4470:
4435:
4418:
4406:
4370:
4350:
4340:
4327:
4310:
4297:
4280:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4189:
4180:
4158:
4136:
4114:
4099:
4084:
4072:
4063:
4051:
4036:
4017:NSW Government
4001:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3919:Redback spider
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:Green-head ant
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3702:Diamond python
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3622:Whistling kite
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Red wattlebird
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3527:Willie wagtail
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3497:Pied currawong
3494:
3489:
3484:
3482:Masked lapwing
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3447:Crested pigeon
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3312:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3291:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3262:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3249:and backyards.
3236:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3211:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3189:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3171:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3139:Camden Council
3136:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3116:Hills District
3113:
3108:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3005:
3000:
2998:Sydney Harbour
2995:
2976:
2975:Hardiness zone
2973:
2971:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2950:Ipomoea indica
2946:
2945:(pampas grass)
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2881:(prickly pear)
2874:
2866:
2862:Cestrum parqui
2858:
2854:Lantana camara
2850:
2842:
2841:(Madeira-vine)
2834:
2826:
2818:
2817:(honey locust)
2810:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2728:Banksia aemula
2724:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2524:Acacia falcata
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2362:(scribbly gum)
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2274:
2252:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2191:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1794:
1787:alluvial soils
1780:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1739:
1727:
1712:Prospect Creek
1689:
1657:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1622:
1608:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1564:Blue Mountains
1562:and the lower
1539:
1528:western Sydney
1519:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1482:
1462:Banksia aemula
1447:which contain
1425:
1424:
1423:
1409:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1331:
1324:Sydney Harbour
1296:
1295:
1294:
1262:Western Sydney
1248:
1247:
1246:
1243:Georges Rivers
1218:
1217:
1216:
1177:Baulkham Hills
1175:, Parramatta,
1150:
1149:
1148:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1014:Acmena smithii
1006:
974:
946:Acmena smithii
911:
904:
903:
902:
897:Prospect Creek
890:
883:
882:
881:
870:
863:
862:
861:
849:
842:
841:
840:
832:
825:
824:
823:
815:
808:
807:
806:
798:
791:
790:
789:
781:
774:
773:
772:
768:
767:
766:
765:
763:
760:
621:drinking water
608:
605:
595:described the
527:western Sydney
459:
456:
273:Arthur Phillip
253:
250:
248:
245:
215:soil fertility
76:
75:
64:
57:
56:
55:
46:
39:
38:
37:
28:
27:
26:
25:
24:
23:
22:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5703:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
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5656:
5648:
5646:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
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5564:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5553:
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5549:
5547:
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5536:
5529:
5524:
5522:
5517:
5515:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5494:
5491:
5489:
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5485:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
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5440:
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5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
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5402:
5399:
5397:
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5382:
5373:
5368:
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5359:
5354:
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5350:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5284:Urban Ecosyst
5281:
5274:
5271:
5266:
5263:
5259:
5252:
5249:
5244:
5240:
5233:
5230:
5225:
5218:
5215:
5210:
5208:9780643097667
5204:
5200:
5199:
5191:
5188:
5182:
5179:
5163:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5142:
5129:
5125:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5086:0-643-06749-3
5083:
5079:
5077:
5070:
5067:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5023:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4948:
4944:
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4935:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4865:
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4833:
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4812:
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4777:
4771:
4768:
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4754:
4752:
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4727:
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4717:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4641:
4635:
4633:
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4625:
4624:
4620:
4612:
4609:
4604:
4592:
4584:
4577:
4574:
4569:
4562:
4560:
4556:
4552:
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4543:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4497:
4493:
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4466:
4454:
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4439:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4391:
4387:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4354:
4351:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4284:
4281:
4276:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4245:
4242:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4082:by Sydney.com
4081:
4076:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4037:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4011:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:Pallid cuckoo
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Brown goshawk
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3346:house sparrow
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3248:
3247:urban forests
3244:
3240:
3233:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3175:
3168:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Hornsby Shire
3109:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:Senna pendula
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:Olea africana
2803:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2787:(rice flower)
2786:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:(kidney weed)
2762:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:Banksia robur
2733:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:(cheese tree)
2662:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:(lilly pilly)
2582:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2370:(spotted gum)
2369:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:(stringybark)
2313:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:(cabbage gum)
2289:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2212:
2206:
2195:
2188:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2150:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1822:Complete list
1821:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:Voyager Point
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1435:– Present in
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1223:– Containing
1222:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:Pennant Hills
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:Hornsby Shire
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:
975:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:Hacking River
948:
947:
942:
941:
936:
935:
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
921:
915:
914:Georges River
908:
898:
894:
887:
877:
873:
867:
857:
853:
846:
836:
829:
819:
816:Heathland in
812:
802:
795:
785:
778:
761:
759:
757:
756:Prospect Hill
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
727:
724:
720:
716:
707:
702:
698:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
672:Want of Water
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
636:
634:
628:
626:
622:
613:
606:
604:
602:
598:
594:
588:
585:
581:
575:
573:
567:
564:
560:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
528:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
469:
464:
457:
454:
452:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:stringy barks
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
386:
384:
380:
374:
372:
366:
359:
355:
353:
349:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:British Isles
288:
286:
282:
276:
274:
270:
263:
262:prior to 1750
258:
251:
246:
244:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
160:hiking trails
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
80:
68:
61:
50:
43:
32:
19:
5605:Architecture
5584:
5580:Demographics
5487:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5273:
5257:
5251:
5242:
5239:Herpetofauna
5238:
5232:
5223:
5217:
5197:
5190:
5181:
5169:. Retrieved
5162:the original
5157:
5144:
5132:. Retrieved
5105:
5097:
5092:
5075:
5069:
5057:. Retrieved
5053:the original
5043:
5034:
5029:by PlantMaps
5022:
5013:
5005:
5000:
4991:
4968:
4963:
4956:Sydney Water
4950:
4942:
4937:
4928:
4916:
4901:
4893:
4888:
4879:
4867:. Retrieved
4864:Ryde Council
4863:
4854:
4847:
4835:. Retrieved
4831:
4825:
4818:
4803:
4787:
4775:
4770:
4758:
4738:
4733:
4724:Sydney Basin
4721:
4716:
4707:
4694:
4688:
4679:
4676:Cunninghamia
4675:
4669:
4661:
4656:
4646:17 September
4644:. Retrieved
4616:
4611:
4582:
4576:
4567:
4550:
4545:
4533:
4528:
4520:
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4496:the original
4485:
4473:
4444:
4438:
4426:
4421:
4397:. Retrieved
4390:the original
4385:
4373:
4358:
4353:
4343:
4335:
4330:
4318:
4313:
4305:
4300:
4291:Cessnock LGA
4288:
4283:
4274:
4268:
4256:
4244:
4232:. Retrieved
4227:
4183:
4171:. Retrieved
4161:
4149:. Retrieved
4139:
4127:. Retrieved
4117:
4102:
4087:
4080:SYDNEY WALKS
4075:
4066:
4054:
4045:
4039:
4027:. Retrieved
4004:
3996:
3991:
3924:Skull spider
3802:
3762:Sugar glider
3631:
3567:Little raven
3531:
3507:Spotted dove
3492:Pacific koel
3415:
3390:
3386:city centers
3354:feral pigeon
3327:
3315:spotted dove
3220:
3218:high pitched
3106:Campbelltown
3003:North Sydney
2981:microclimate
2978:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2929:(cruel vine)
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2795:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2655:(crow's ash)
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2471:(forest oak)
2466:
2458:
2455:(bunya pine)
2450:
2442:
2437:
2434:(yellow box)
2429:
2421:
2413:
2410:(woollybutt)
2405:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2354:(snappy gum)
2349:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2277:
2267:
2158:Tree species
2121:
2088:
2060:
2037:
1974:
1956:
1923:
1880:
1837:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1782:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1691:
1659:
1647:
1642:
1632:
1624:
1610:
1584:
1579:
1541:
1521:
1509:
1504:
1490:
1484:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1445:Sydney Heads
1432:
1427:
1411:
1403:
1387:
1377:
1351:
1333:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1269:
1255:
1250:
1224:
1220:
1209:Campbelltown
1198:
1162:
1156:
1152:
1138:
1097:
1091:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1000:
994:
976:
944:
938:
932:
928:
923:
895:forest near
872:Salt marshes
732:Watkin Tench
729:
712:
684:
657:
643:wrote: "The
641:Tim Flannery
638:
630:
618:
590:
577:
569:
556:
551:arable lands
536:
492:
472:
423:
400:
388:
376:
368:
364:
341:Most of the
340:
309:
290:
278:
266:
238:
219:
195:callistemons
172:
141:
89:
87:
18:
5610:Skyscrapers
5059:22 February
4971:Towra Point
4869:15 November
4837:15 November
4599:|work=
4461:|work=
4129:15 December
3939:Spider wasp
3889:Bronze flat
3829:Bess beetle
3512:Silver gull
3487:Noisy miner
3477:Magpie lark
3350:common myna
3276:residential
3221:ah-ah-aaaah
3212:Australian
3060:North Shore
2979:Due to the
2958:Vinca major
2692:(swamp oak)
2671:(brush box)
2607:(kurrajong)
2519:(water gum)
2447:(hoop pine)
2255:curtain fig
1839:Rainforests
1783:Saltmarshes
1666:floodplains
1497:Garie Beach
1437:Pleistocene
1358:Castlereagh
1356:– Found in
1342:Sandy Point
1124:Castle Hill
1088:peppermints
924:Rainforests
876:Towra Point
723:fresh water
715:inhabitance
697:, writing:
695:inhabitants
687:Ralph Clark
680:Sydney Cove
676:John Hunter
553:, stating:
539:John Hunter
487:First Fleet
481:. In 1787,
479:understorey
426:yellow gums
343:North Shore
312:Sydney Cove
234:North Shore
189:(typically
5670:Categories
5435:Threatened
4975:Botany Bay
4763:Hurstville
4757:DEC 2004,
4151:15 October
4029:30 January
3983:References
3864:Funnel ant
3799:Arthropods
3437:Bell miner
3406:vulnerable
3402:endangered
3370:feral cats
3362:bandicoots
3342:Introduced
3297:grasslands
3278:townships.
3196:ubiquitous
3031:Inner West
3012:Mosman Bay
2994:Sydney CBD
2792:Introduced
2623:(tuckeroo)
2426:(grey gum)
2338:(grey box)
2259:shade tree
2151:Vegetation
2039:Heathlands
1597:Quaternary
1532:graminoids
1471:grevilleas
1428:Heathlands
1420:La Perouse
1392:Holsworthy
1362:Holsworthy
1239:Parramatta
1215:and Menai.
1169:Willoughby
963:Turramurra
955:Sutherland
736:South Head
653:Broken Bay
649:sustenance
645:vegetation
547:Parramatta
507:lorrequets
503:parraquets
419:forest oak
415:iron barks
381:described
371:black soil
332:freshwater
324:swamplands
316:Botany Bay
305:tree cover
226:tree ferns
207:understory
199:grevilleas
179:Sydney CBD
168:ecosystems
148:topography
129:heathlands
121:shrublands
79:scrublands
5622:Education
5563:Geography
5245:(2): 2–5.
5171:19 August
5134:12 August
4601:ignored (
4591:cite book
4540:, Sydney.
4463:ignored (
4453:cite book
4368:, Sydney.
4323:Annandale
3607:Silvereye
3412:Tetrapods
3340:species.
3338:amphibian
3239:currawong
3237:The pied
3102:Liverpool
3094:Blacktown
3090:Fairfield
3016:Chatswood
2211:Casuarina
2196:in summer
1809:sea grass
1807:spp) and
1801:eel grass
1791:sea spray
1601:Liverpool
1572:wildfires
1568:sandstone
1467:tea-trees
1441:Woollahra
1400:Villawood
1374:Liverpool
1370:Bankstown
1312:Heathcote
1231:Pittwater
1213:Heathcote
1189:Bankstown
1181:Blacktown
1173:Lane Cove
1116:Lane Cove
1112:Narrabeen
1084:karrabina
1055:Newcastle
1051:Mona Vale
1031:Illawarra
893:swamp oak
784:Wahroonga
744:Mona Vale
706:Lane Cove
625:substance
591:In 1827,
559:deer park
511:cockatoos
485:from the
468:Lane Cove
438:box trees
434:blue gums
328:saltwater
269:deciduous
164:exploring
137:temperate
112:and some
106:woodlands
98:Australia
5645:Category
5556:Timeline
5312:16169674
5128:Archived
4984:Canberra
4741:Randwick
4348:Council.
4173:16 March
3961:See also
3904:Pill bug
3672:Bush rat
3334:arachnid
3152:Wildlife
3130:Richmond
3084:Most of
3050:Lidcombe
2235:in late
2175:tree of
1746:riparian
1704:Milperra
1686:alluvial
1629:alluvial
1593:Holocene
1589:Tertiary
1516:Tertiary
1396:Rookwood
1316:Dharawal
1235:Woronora
1035:Bundeena
852:bushland
818:Bundeena
607:Negative
566:country…
543:Rosehill
537:Captain
458:Positive
442:bleating
411:schistus
346:growth.
301:Dartmoor
232:and the
203:banksias
177:west of
152:moisture
133:wetlands
110:savannas
5655:Outline
5617:Tourism
5600:Culture
5590:Economy
5585:Ecology
5568:Climate
5551:History
5546:Outline
5292:Bibcode
4794:by the
4682:: 1–75.
3879:Katydid
3374:lizards
3366:rabbits
3358:possums
3134:Windsor
3098:Penrith
3054:Lakemba
2194:flowers
1829:Biomes
1805:Zostera
1744:– Many
1722:in the
1720:Dee Why
1619:Garigal
1603:and in
1416:Kurnell
1274:twiners
1264:or the
1037:and in
985:, near
971:Hornsby
969:, near
835:Hornsby
691:climate
580:vallies
545:'s and
495:grottos
475:England
352:cleared
303:lacked
191:wattles
144:climate
5686:Sydney
5627:Sports
5535:Sydney
5310:
5265:thesis
5205:
5084:
4505:2 July
4399:16 May
4234:7 June
3378:snakes
3319:pigeon
3272:acacia
3243:common
3223:calls.
3214:ravens
3192:miners
3190:Noisy
2983:, the
2233:spikes
2173:forest
1696:swamps
1552:Sydney
1548:mallee
1475:sedges
1366:Auburn
1346:sedges
1193:Auburn
1023:, and
991:Camden
769:Biomes
762:Biomes
752:Cattai
719:Spring
664:Ridges
587:state.
563:manure
515:macaws
436:, and
392:barren
383:Sydney
187:shrubs
154:, and
131:, and
118:mallee
102:biomes
5481:Other
5308:S2CID
5165:(PDF)
5154:(PDF)
4860:(PDF)
4499:(PDF)
4482:(PDF)
4393:(PDF)
4382:(PDF)
4013:(PDF)
3462:Galah
3382:frogs
3241:is a
3174:calls
2229:shrub
1536:forbs
1479:forbs
1338:Appin
1278:herbs
1185:Menai
740:Manly
668:Goats
403:mould
320:heath
285:coves
5203:ISBN
5173:2010
5136:2007
5082:ISBN
5061:2014
4871:2018
4839:2018
4648:2012
4621:and
4603:help
4507:2007
4465:help
4401:2012
4325:NSW.
4236:2024
4175:2017
4153:2016
4131:2019
4031:2019
4022:and
3380:and
3352:and
3336:and
3313:The
3268:song
3194:are
3132:and
3104:and
3052:and
3044:and
3014:and
2253:The
1682:loam
1678:clay
1674:silt
1595:and
1534:and
1477:and
1459:and
1418:and
1398:and
1372:and
1360:and
1314:and
1241:and
1191:and
1179:and
1161:and
1137:The
1128:Ryde
1122:and
1096:and
1076:and
961:and
943:and
631:The
601:bush
513:and
451:acre
446:loam
407:clay
354:.
314:and
299:and
281:wood
201:and
156:soil
88:The
5300:doi
5262:PhD
4109:by
4094:by
3404:or
3330:bat
2800:):
1773:or
1041:in
965:in
874:in
854:in
742:to
655:.
330:or
307:.
217:.
170:.
108:or
5672::
5306:,
5298:,
5288:19
5286:,
5241:.
5156:.
5126:.
5114:^
4982:,
4973:,
4862:.
4830:.
4750:^
4678:.
4631:^
4595::
4593:}}
4589:{{
4558:^
4536:.
4490:.
4484:.
4457::
4455:}}
4451:{{
4409:^
4384:.
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4192:^
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1348:.
1340:,
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1276:,
1268:.
1233:,
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1187:,
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1118:,
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1106:,
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937:,
891:A
509:,
505:,
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236:.
197:,
193:,
150:,
146:,
127:,
123:,
96:,
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5520:t
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5294::
5260:(
5243:6
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4977:.
4958:.
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1793:.
1779:.
1754:.
1738:.
1726:.
1538:.
1481:.
1408:.
1245:.
1057:.
1049:(
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708:)
533:)
529:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
