3145:(a merger of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, the Jewish Colonization Association, and EmigDirect which handled transportation through European ports; the latter German-based organization withdrew in 1934) attempted to establish chicken farms for the immigrants in other areas of Ecuador, and 60 families were settled, but conditions precluded any success in the venture, which ultimately failed. Most of the immigrants were businessmen and professionals who preferred to carry on their professions. Many Jewish craftsmen discovered that the native balsa wood was excellent for furniture craft and began production. Later, these immigrants introduced iron and steel furniture to the Ecuadorian market, previously unknown to the country. They also developed retail stores and opened hotels. The success of many of these immigrants, however, caused tension among the Syrian and Cuban communities, who had previously controlled those industries. This pressure led to an anti-Jewish sentiment, but nothing more substantial.
3134:, with the purpose of creating a Jewish homeland in Ecuador, Australia or Surinam. An agreement was reached with the Ecuadorian government to transfer 500,000 acres of land to the committee's jurisdiction for a period of 30 years to be settled by immigrants regardless of race, religion, or nationality. Several concessions were also promised, such as tax exemption for three years, citizenship after one year, customs exemption, and free transportation by train from the port to the interior of the country. The president signed the agreement several months later on the condition that a detailed program be presented by May 1937, and that the Committee invest $ 8,000 and settle at least 100 families. Some Jewish organizations, however, found the land proposed for the plan unacceptable, claiming that it was too far from population centers and that the climate was too severe. These objections resulted in a total abandonment of the project.
3123:, Ecuador granted them entry permits. Nevertheless, the country eventually gave way to a policy of selectivity. According to policy, Jewish immigrants to Ecuador were supposed to be employed in agriculture, but the authorities soon surmised that the immigrants were actually merchants, industrialists, and businessmen. As a result, legislation was passed in 1938 which compelled any Jew not engaged in agriculture or industry to leave the country. In addition, entry rights were limited to only Jews who possessed a minimum of $ 400, which they would then be required to invest in an industrial project.
2981:, and then to the northernmost township of Chimborazo (Alausí, Pallatanga and Chimborazo), continuing the flight from the powerful and cruel inquisitorial arm. Early Sephardic Jews likely arrived in Cuenca and its nearby settlements in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, but there is evidence of additional waves of Jewish migration to the area in later times. It is possible that other Sephardim had been established in the colonial territory since the early days of the Spanish conquest, suggested by the presence of names associated with conquerors who arrived alongside
2946:, a newly founded colony where Inquisition surveillance was weaker. As a result of the Iberian Union, much of Spanish America was ruled by one crown during this period of sixty years. During this time, the Portuguese spread Christianity as they arrived in the dominions of Spanish America, and the term "Portuguese" was synonymous with "converted Jew". In 1640, the union ended when the Portuguese revolted against the Spanish monarchy and the
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3115:, a handful more Jews arrived in Ecuador. However, mass Jewish immigration to Ecuador only began in the wake of the rise of Nazism and the ensuing Holocaust in Europe. During the years 1933–1943, about 2,700 Jews arrived, and by 1945 there were 3,000 new Jewish immigrants, 85% of whom were refugees from Europe.
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did not have any courts. The
Viceroyalty of Peru was extremely large, and the territory still contained large areas with little to no Inquisition presence. By avoiding major urban centers, Jewish people, labeled as heretics, could survive by camouflaging their personal and group identity. Thus began
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Ecuador's government policies regarding Jewish emigration are historically tentative and volatile; for example, in 1935 it gave the Jews permission to settle within an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi), but in 1938 it issued an order that all Jewish residents working in
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Ecuador has traditionally maintained friendly relations with Israel, and has frequently supported Israel in the United
Nations; the Ecuadorian Embassy is in Tel Aviv. In the late 1960s, the two countries developed a network of technical cooperation and assistance, particularly in the fields of
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In total, only 290 Jews live in
Ecuador today. The country's Jewish community is predominantly of German origin, but the younger generation is largely Spanish-speaking. The Ecuadorian Jewish community is a homogeneous group, which has facilitated great communal organization. For example, the
3267:, and it teaches Hebrew and other Jewish studies. The school has an excellent reputation and offers a pre-college preparatory program. The Jewish community of Quito also has its own building, a home for the elderly, and a synagogue that holds services on the Sabbath and holidays.
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In 1940, there were 3,000 Jews recorded in
Ecuador, of whom a large majority were refugees from Germany. The majority of Jews in Ecuador worked in the press, commerce, and medical industries. They also established textile, pharmaceutical, and furniture factories.
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Sephardic names in
Ecuador include: Navon (wise), Moreno (teacher), Gabay (official), Piedra (stone), Franco (free), Amzalag (jeweler), Saban (soap), Espinoza (thorn), Nagar (carpenter), Haddad (blacksmith), and Hakim (medic).
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There is a Jewish school in Quito, the
Colegio Experimental Alberto Einstein, established in 1973, which serves both Jewish and non-Jewish students from kindergarten through the twelfth grade. The school celebrates all
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Benjamin Varon), who was an active
Ecuadorian journalist, later entered the Israeli diplomatic service, serving in various Latin American countries. His brother, Max Weiser, was the first Israeli consul in Ecuador.
3259:. In Ecuador, intermarriage is not as large a problem as elsewhere, since Jews form a separate middle stratum between the upper (traditionally Catholic) classes and the lower classes of the indigenous population.
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In 1904, there were only four recognized Jewish families in
Ecuador, and a 1917 survey indicated the presence of 14 Jews in the country. After the United States established its immigration quota system with the
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In the early years of World War II, Ecuador still admitted a certain number of immigrants; in 1939, when several South
American countries refused to accept the 165 Jewish refugees from Germany aboard the ship
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Asociación de
Beneficencia Israelita, founded in 1938, is the central body for Jewish religious and cultural affairs in Ecuador. Other Jewish organizations in the country include the Zionist Federation,
3172:(JWC) tried to help Jews who were practicing business, but were only allowed to engage in agricultural work according to their visas. However, attempts at agricultural settlement were unsuccessful.
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The "new Christians" in Spanish America found no support from the inquisitorial regime, and were forced to migrate to other regions of the Peruvian viceroyalty, especially to those where the
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a pattern of "new Christians" settling in the Viceroyalty of Peru, where they migrated from its center to the less-populated and less-controlled outer regions.
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and Quito, such as Alausí Chapacoto, Chimborazo St. Joseph, San Miguel de Chimborazo, Guaranda, as well as other areas in the northern highlands of
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At its peak, in 1950, the Jewish population of Ecuador was estimated at 4,000, with the majority living in Quito. Several hundred also lived in
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Jews in Ecuador remained hidden for years, as they often settled in very remote villages and practiced Judaism in secret at home. Many of these
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was the only heir to the throne. During this time, many Portuguese were "suspicious of their faith", so the Jews began to enter the
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A relatively large number of migrants made their way towards the southern and northern Chile Audience of Quito. Within
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Ecuadorian Jews have achieved prominence in various fields including academics, industry, and science. Benno Weiser (
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areas other than agriculture or incapable of developing the industry would be required to leave the country.
2973:), which, according to studies by Ricardo Ordoñez Chiriboga, was an important destination for many migrating
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In 1935, the Comite pour l'Etude de l'Industrie de l'Immigration dans la Republique de l'Equateur (English:
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Books related to this topic: Los Gonzalez 1848-2018 Raul Gonzalez Tobar, Amazon, Barnes & Noble etc
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ancestry; however, prior to World War II there was very little active Jewish immigration to Ecuador.
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These circumstances largely explain the Sephardic presence in gold and commercial areas of Quito and
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The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) Fri 21 Jan 1938 Page 11 JEWS EXPELLED FROM ECUADOR
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agriculture and water development. Since 1948, 137 Ecuadorian Jews have emigrated to Israel.
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began to arrive in Ecuador in the 16th and 17th centuries. From 1580 to 1640, when
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Committee for the Study of the Immigration Industry in the Republic of Ecuador
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and Sígsig, as well as in other mountain passes or trade route towns between
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La herencia Sefardita en la provincia de Loja by Ricardo Ordoñez Chiriboga
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The community also publishes a bilingual Spanish–German bulletin called
3214: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3082: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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is a researcher involved studying bacterial growth and cell division.
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3425:"How tiny Ecuador had a huge impact on Jews escaping the Holocaust"
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3506:"Dr. Max Weiser Appointed Honorary Consul of Israel in Ecuador"
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took the throne of the kingdom of Portugal under the name of
2905:, and they form one of the smallest Jewish communities in
3458:"Bienvenidos a la Unidad Educativa Alberto Einstein"
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59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3605:The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
3403:The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
2881:dates back to the 16th and 17th centuries, when
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8:
3749:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3139:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
149:
801:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
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3623:
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3362:The Lost Sephardic Tribes of Latin America
3249:Women's International Zionist Organization
3000:, Cuenca, Santa Isabel, Yungilla, Tarquí,
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3230:Learn how and when to remove this message
3098:Learn how and when to remove this message
2897:. Ecuadorian Jews are members of a small
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
3012:due to their proximity. The presence of
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3132:Freeland League for Jewish Colonization
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3531:"Adjunct Faculty - Moselio Schaechter"
2901:community in the territory of today's
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7:
3779:History of the Jews in South America
3645:History of the Jews in South America
3329:Studies by Ricardo Ordoñez Chiriboga
3212:adding citations to reliable sources
3080:adding citations to reliable sources
2644:Spanish colonization of the Americas
176:Regions with significant populations
57:adding citations to reliable sources
3351:Ecuador Journal by Dr. barry Reder
3130:) was established in Paris by the
25:
3399:"The Jewish Community of Ecuador"
3385:"Ecuador | Travelling Rabbi"
592:Historical population comparisons
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2722:Ecuador as part of Gran Colombia
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1236:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1150:Historical population by country
68:"History of the Jews in Ecuador"
33:
3199:needs additional citations for
3067:needs additional citations for
44:needs additional citations for
2879:history of the Jews in Ecuador
1:
807:Christianity and Judaism
3137:Following this attempt, the
3784:Jews and Judaism in Ecuador
3593:Jewish community in Ecuador
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1814:Latin America and Caribbean
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3373:El Rostro de una Presencia
2754:Marcist (March) Revolution
2694:Free Province of Guayaquil
2669:Viceroyalty of New Granada
2419:Jewish political movements
2116:Conversion to Judaism
3774:Social history of Ecuador
3510:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
3275:Prominent Ecuadorian Jews
3156:, with several scores in
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822:Hinduism and Judaism
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3789:Judaism in South America
3610:Dr. Roberto LEVI Hoffman
648:Temple in Jerusalem
341:Bar and bat mitzvah
3113:Immigration Act of 1924
2983:Sebastián de Benalcázar
2729:1827 Guayaquil uprising
2689:Revolution of October 9
610:Twelve Tribes of Israel
3310:Jewish Virtual Library
3180:Jewish community today
2808:Ecuador–Peru conflicts
143:
3596:World Jewish Congress
3486:plunkettlakepress.com
3482:"Plunkett Lake Press"
3429:www.timesofisrael.com
3170:World Jewish Congress
3026:Antonio José de Sucre
2619:Pre-Columbian Ecuador
1356:São Tomé and Príncipe
1351:Republic of the Congo
745:Second Temple Judaism
616:Kingdom of Judah
587:Modern historiography
134:
3208:improve this article
3076:improve this article
3034:president of Bolivia
2885:began arriving from
2709:Guayaquil Conference
2458:World Agudath Israel
1599:United Arab Emirates
686:Second Temple period
676:Babylonian captivity
53:improve this article
3601:The Jews of Ecuador
3462:www.einstein.k12.ec
2944:Viceroyalty of Peru
2934:were united in the
2895:Spanish Inquisition
2893:as a result of the
2818:Demographic history
2765:Battle of Guayaquil
2742:Republic of Ecuador
2704:Battle of Pichincha
2682:War of Independence
2664:Viceroyalty of Peru
751:Hellenistic Judaism
329:Land of Israel
288:Principles of faith
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3286:Moselio Schaechter
2940:Philip II of Spain
2841:Ecuador portal
2312:Jewish Koine Greek
1854:Dominican Republic
1135:Judaism by country
814:Jews and Christmas
669:Assyrian captivity
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3306:"Jews in Ecuador"
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3024:. Some say that
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2813:Military history
2657:Colonial Ecuador
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3197:This section
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1972:Denominations
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1286:Guinea-Bissau
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1140:Lists of Jews
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1125:
1120:
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900:
899:The Holocaust
897:
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500:Mishneh Torah
498:
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267:
266:
261:
260:Who is a Jew?
258:
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159:יהדות אקוודור
155:
142:
141:South America
138:
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98:
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80:
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70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3760:
3726:Dependencies
3684:
3538:. Retrieved
3534:
3525:
3514:. Retrieved
3512:. 1955-10-06
3509:
3500:
3489:. Retrieved
3485:
3476:
3465:. Retrieved
3461:
3452:
3443:
3432:. Retrieved
3428:
3418:
3406:. Retrieved
3393:
3379:
3368:
3357:
3346:
3335:
3324:
3313:. Retrieved
3300:
3278:
3269:
3261:
3256:
3251:(WIZO), and
3245:B'nai B'rith
3241:
3226:
3217:
3206:Please help
3201:verification
3198:
3174:
3151:
3147:
3136:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3109:
3094:
3085:
3074:Please help
3069:verification
3066:
3048:20th Century
3042:
3020:still speak
2991:
2964:
2956:
2921:
2878:
2876:
2790:1990–present
2516:Post-Zionism
2387:Judeo-Berber
2382:Judeo-Arabic
2342:Judeo-Gascon
2089:Pidyon haben
2008:Conservative
1859:
1554:Saudi Arabia
1372:South Africa
1361:Sierra Leone
1183:Israeli Jews
1097:Mosaic Arabs
1050:Kaifeng Jews
911:Arab–Israeli
884:Emancipation
763:Great Revolt
572:Anti-Judaism
567:Antisemitism
562:Name "Judea"
357:Baal teshuva
153:
146:Ethnic group
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
3121:Koenigstein
3018:Crypto-Jews
2959:Inquisition
2918:Early years
2634:Inca Empire
2591:History of
2511:Revisionist
2501:Neo-Zionism
2108:Zeved habat
1901:Puerto Rico
1727:Netherlands
1559:South Korea
1544:Philippines
1424:Afghanistan
1291:Ivory Coast
1065:Crypto-Jews
1030:Bnei Anusim
1009:Bene Israel
974:Beta Israel
931:Communities
838:Middle Ages
577:Persecution
352:Bereavement
3768:Categories
3540:2019-04-26
3516:2019-04-26
3491:2019-04-26
3467:2019-04-26
3434:2019-04-26
3315:2014-01-22
3292:References
2922:The first
2496:Maximalism
2448:Secularism
2428:Autonomism
2245:Literature
2038:Humanistic
1642:Azerbaijan
1604:Uzbekistan
1579:Tajikistan
1499:Kyrgyzstan
1484:Kazakhstan
1331:Mozambique
1306:Madagascar
1226:Cape Verde
1178:New Yishuv
1173:Old Yishuv
1124:Population
1102:Subbotniks
1060:Samaritans
999:Romanyotim
942:Ashkenazim
889:Old Yishuv
869:Sabbateans
856:Modern era
848:Golden Age
775:Bar Kokhba
495:Beit Yosef
362:Philosophy
79:newspapers
3715:Venezuela
3660:Argentina
3220:July 2019
3154:Guayaquil
3088:July 2019
3006:Guayaquil
3002:Chordeleg
2975:Sephardim
2785:1960–1990
2780:1944–1960
2775:1925–1944
2770:1895–1925
2759:1860–1895
2749:1830–1860
2506:Religious
2362:Zarphatic
2352:Bukharian
2322:Judeo-Tat
2307:Yeshivish
2281:Languages
2236:Sephardic
2226:Israelite
2216:Ethiopian
2206:Ashkenazi
2145:Religious
1935:Australia
1917:Venezuela
1823:Argentina
1805:Greenland
1717:Lithuania
1569:Sri Lanka
1564:Singapore
1489:Kurdistan
1454:Indonesia
1444:Hong Kong
1397:Abayudaya
1321:Mauritius
1055:Igbo Jews
1045:Krymchaks
964:Sephardim
832:relations
726:Sadducees
722:Pharisees
712:Sanhedrin
627:Jerusalem
387:Synagogue
255:Etymology
192:Languages
186:Guayaquil
3705:Suriname
3695:Paraguay
3680:Colombia
3408:June 20,
3253:Maccabi.
3162:Riobamba
3038:Sephardi
2994:Calacalí
2932:Portugal
2891:Portugal
2582:a series
2580:Part of
2533:Category
2491:Kahanism
2438:Feminism
2410:Politics
2294:Biblical
2264:American
2211:Bukharan
2201:American
2101:Shidduch
2077:Clothing
2033:Haymanot
1979:Orthodox
1907:Suriname
1890:Paraguay
1843:Colombia
1742:Portugal
1652:Bulgaria
1589:Thailand
1539:Pakistan
1519:Mongolia
1514:Malaysia
1434:Cambodia
1408:Zimbabwe
1383:Tanzania
1261:Eswatini
1251:Ethiopia
1241:Djibouti
1221:Cameroon
1216:Botswana
1145:Diaspora
1107:Noahides
1080:Marranos
1004:Cochinim
989:Bukharim
979:Gruzinim
969:Teimanim
959:Mizrahim
947:Galician
913:conflict
874:Hasidism
864:Haskalah
769:Diaspora
640:timeline
552:Timeline
465:Rabbinic
372:Kabbalah
347:Marriage
323:Tzedakah
313:Holidays
271:Religion
234:a series
232:Part of
216:Religion
109:May 2017
3710:Uruguay
3685:Ecuador
3665:Bolivia
3032:and as
2952:John IV
2938:, King
2913:History
2903:Ecuador
2593:Ecuador
2476:General
2467:Zionism
2443:Leftism
2433:Bundism
2357:Knaanic
2317:Yevanic
2302:Yiddish
2259:Yiddish
2254:Israeli
2231:Mizrahi
2221:Israeli
2192:Cuisine
2168:Ancient
2150:Secular
2096:Kashrut
2072:Wedding
2059:Customs
2051:Culture
2028:Science
2023:Renewal
2013:Karaite
1994:Hasidic
1926:Oceania
1912:Uruguay
1880:Jamaica
1860:Ecuador
1828:Bolivia
1772:Ukraine
1747:Romania
1722:Moldova
1702:Hungary
1692:Germany
1687:Georgia
1677:Finland
1672:Estonia
1667:Denmark
1662:Czechia
1647:Belarus
1637:Austria
1632:Armenia
1609:Vietnam
1524:Myanmar
1509:Lebanon
1429:Bahrain
1388:Tunisia
1366:Somalia
1341:Nigeria
1336:Namibia
1326:Morocco
1256:Eritrea
1201:Algeria
1085:Neofiti
994:Italkim
984:Juhurim
894:Zionism
843:Khazars
738:Sicarii
734:Zealots
730:Essenes
717:Schisms
582:Leaders
544:General
536:History
479:Tosefta
474:Midrash
451:Mishnah
433:Ketuvim
428:Nevi'im
377:Customs
308:Shabbat
303:Halakha
295: (
293:Mitzvot
280: (
246:Judaism
222:Judaism
202:Yiddish
198:Spanish
161:
137:Ecuador
93:scholar
3690:Guyana
3670:Brazil
3281:a.k.a.
3247:, the
3166:Cuenca
3164:, and
3158:Ambato
3022:Ladino
2998:Zaruma
2979:Cuenca
2899:Jewish
2802:Topics
2584:on the
2538:Portal
2397:Domari
2327:Shassi
2288:Hebrew
2183:Humour
2127:Hiloni
2122:Aliyah
2082:Niddah
2067:Minyan
2002:Reform
1989:Haredi
1984:Modern
1885:Mexico
1870:Guyana
1833:Brazil
1795:Canada
1767:Sweden
1757:Serbia
1752:Russia
1737:Poland
1732:Norway
1712:Latvia
1697:Greece
1682:France
1657:Cyprus
1623:Europe
1594:Turkey
1584:Taiwan
1494:Kuwait
1479:Jordan
1469:Israel
1403:Zambia
1393:Uganda
1311:Malawi
1281:Guinea
1271:Gambia
1206:Angola
1192:Africa
1075:Dönmeh
1070:Anusim
1014:Berber
952:Litvak
904:Israel
810:
747:
661:Second
629:
490:Targum
456:Gemara
442:Talmud
414:Tanakh
367:Ethics
318:Prayer
210:Hebrew
206:Ladino
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
3675:Chile
3143:HICEM
2967:Quito
2928:Spain
2887:Spain
2486:Labor
2481:Green
2178:Dance
2136:Music
1955:Palau
1875:Haiti
1838:Chile
1762:Spain
1707:Italy
1614:Yemen
1574:Syria
1549:Qatar
1529:Nepal
1474:Japan
1449:India
1439:China
1378:Sudan
1301:Libya
1296:Kenya
1276:Ghana
1266:Gabon
1246:Egypt
1231:Benin
1090:Xueta
1035:Lemba
654:First
519:Zohar
423:Torah
405:Texts
392:Rabbi
382:Rites
282:names
182:Quito
100:JSTOR
86:books
3700:Peru
3410:2018
3141:and
3010:Peru
2985:and
2971:Loja
2930:and
2924:Jews
2889:and
2877:The
1945:Guam
1940:Fiji
1895:Peru
1848:Cuba
1534:Oman
1504:Laos
1464:Iraq
1459:Iran
1416:Asia
1345:Igbo
1316:Mali
335:Brit
244:and
242:Jews
208:and
184:and
72:news
3728:and
3210:by
3078:by
2159:Art
505:Tur
297:613
171:290
139:in
55:by
3770::
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3460:.
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