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looked at the drying of soils under arid and humid conditions. Buckingham found evaporative losses were initially higher from the arid soil, then after three days the evaporation under arid conditions became less than under humid conditions, with the total loss ending up greater from the humid soil.
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of the soil. Using an empirical formula based on his data, Buckingham was able to give the diffusion coefficient as a function of air content. This relation is still commonly cited in many modern textbooks and used in modern research. The outcomes of his research on gas transport were to conclude
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theory and an energy potential in soil physics theory, and was the first to expound the dependence of soil hydraulic conductivity on capillary potential. This dependence later came to be known as relative permeability in petroleum engineering. He also applied a formula equivalent to
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for which
Buckingham is famous. He firstly recognized the importance of the potential of the forces arising from interactions between soil and water. He called this the capillary potential, this is now known as the moisture or
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of water from below a layer of soil. He found that soils of various textures could strongly inhibit evaporation, particularly where capillary flow through the uppermost layers was prevented. The second section of
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Buckingham believed this occurred due to the self-mulching behaviour (he referred to it as the soil forming a natural mulch) exhibited by the soil under arid conditions.
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is on soil aeration, particularly the loss of carbon dioxide from the soil and its subsequent replacement by oxygen. From his experiments he found that the rate of
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1902–1906 – Worked at the USDA Bureau of Soils, where he wrote and published two papers on the dynamics of gas and water in soils.
259:, research for which he is now renowned. Buckingham's work on soil water is published in Bulletin 38 USDA Bureau of Soils:
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would be economically competitive with prop driven aircraft at low altitudes and at the speeds of that period.
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1923 – First NBS researcher to be given independent status, meaning he was freed of all administrative duties
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1937 – Retired from the NBS at the mandatory age of 70, however continued to work there on research problems
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from 1902 to 1906 as a soil physicist. He worked at the (US) National Bureau of
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that the exchange of gases in soil aeration takes place by diffusion and is
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sensibly independent of the variations of the outside barometric pressure
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Edgar
Buckingham papers, 1889-1938, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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with a bachelor's degree in physics in 1887. He did graduate work at
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In 1923, Buckingham published a report which voiced skepticism that
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185:, from which he was granted a PhD in 1893. He worked at the USDA
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1907 – Began working at the
National Bureau of Standards (NBS)
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1893 – Began teaching physical chemistry and physics at
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1893 – Received a Ph.D. from the
University of Leipzig
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1887 – Graduated from
Harvard with a degree in physics
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1899 – Left Bryn Mawr and worked at a mining camp in
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540:The Soil Physics Contributions of Edgar Buckingham
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444:"Report No. 159 - Jet propulsion for airplanes"
327:1897–1899 – Wrote a textbook on thermodynamics
191:National Institute of Standards and Technology
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336:1901 – Married Elizabeth Holstein in Texas
283:contains the work on unsaturated flow and
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618:Fellows of the American Physical Society
370:1940 – Died in Washington DC on April 29
357:1918–1919 – Worked a stint as associate
613:University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
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235:was not dependent significantly on the
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542:by John R. Nimmo and Edward R. Landa
209:. He is also the originator of the
353:Philosophical Society of Washington
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351:1917, served as president of the
292:(matric potential). He combined
598:University of Strasbourg alumni
497:10.1090/s0002-9904-1902-00972-5
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451:NASA Technical Reports Server
588:Scientists from Philadelphia
132:National Bureau of Standards
361:to the U.S. Embassy in Rome
261:Studies on the movement of
227:Buckingham's first work on
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255:Buckingham then worked on
608:Bryn Mawr College faculty
603:Leipzig University alumni
593:Harvard University alumni
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578:American soil scientists
478:Theory of Thermodynamics
341:University of Wisconsin
480:, by Edgar Buckingham"
484:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
460:on February 22, 2014.
419:10.1103/PhysRev.4.345
305:Life and achievements
301:to unsaturated flow.
279:The third section of
233:gas diffusion in soil
93:University of Leipzig
547:Archival collections
583:American physicists
442:Buckingham, Edgar.
411:1914PhRv....4..345B
207:blackbody radiation
428:10338.dmlcz/101743
197:, gas properties,
171:Harvard University
169:He graduated from
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16:American physicist
512:"Past Presidents"
323:Bryn Mawr College
158:(July 8, 1867 in
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114:Scientific career
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156:Edgar Buckingham
139:Doctoral advisor
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490:(3): 173–175.
472:Hall, Edwin H.
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128:Institutions
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73:(1940-04-29)
61:Pennsylvania
57:Philadelphia
53:July 8, 1867
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573:1940 deaths
568:1867 births
516:PSW Science
299:Darcy's law
281:Bulletin 38
273:Bulletin 38
268:evaporation
241:compactness
211:Buckingham
103:Buckingham
562:Categories
375:References
257:soil water
175:Strasbourg
49:1867-07-08
476:"Review:
294:capillary
199:acoustics
521:June 22,
474:(1902).
391:(1914).
407:Bibcode
215:theorem
183:Leipzig
123:Physics
107:theorem
205:, and
120:Fields
458:(PDF)
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523:2022
68:Died
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
