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129:
109:
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attack. As it was, the delay in the date of the attack from May to June allowed the
Germans to increase the forces in the area during that time. By 5 June, Williams had assembled a remarkably accurate picture of the German forces. This was too late to be of use on 6 June, but it would be very useful to Montgomery on subsequent days.
40:
1753:
781:, Williams was a member of the Hebdomadal Council, a Curator of the Chest (or finance committee), and latterly a Pro-Vice-Chancellor. He also served as a Radcliffe Trustee, as a member of the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, and as chairman of the Academic Advisory Board which planned Warwick University. He loved
628:'s deployment of his troops, in that they were arranged in a manner that Williams described as "corsetted", with German troops between and behind the Italians. Williams suggested that if the two could be separated, then it might be possible to break through the Italian forces. Montgomery exploited this in the
685:, his armoured officer; and Williams, who was promoted to brigadier. It was not the normal practice in the British Army for generals to take staff with them from one assignment to the next, but Montgomery judged correctly that his fame as the victor of the Battle of El Alamein would overcome any objections.
703:
I do not want to be preaching a doctrine contrary to yours, for I feel there is real value in an agreed text. If we are to be wrong, let's all be wrong together. At least then our commanders would not have had muddled counsel. You will remember the loss of confidence in the Middle East caused by the
642:
The trouble was that while we were helped enormously by Ultra—because Ultra expressed Rommel's intentions to the all-highest—we were sometimes hindered by Ultra, because Rommel was too good a soldier to carry the intentions out... I think we probably asked Monty to lay on too many preparations—which
580:
and the DAK did not act as expected, and professionally, when the DMI was fired for failing to forecast this. Williams's academic training came to the fore; as an historian, he was accustomed to integrating different sources of information to build up a larger picture. Information coming from Ultra
547:
became
Director of Military Intelligence (DMI) in February 1942. The appointment of de Guingand, an officer with no experience in intelligence, said much about the state of intelligence in the British Army at the time, where it was assumed that staff college training and a good brain were all that
708:
In the end, Williams performed very well. His estimates were better than those of any other analyst. He slightly underestimated German capabilities, but correctly predicted the strength of German infantry and armoured divisions. This was no small feat in
February, four months before the actual
650:
I think that all that time during that campaign you have two elements about the withdrawal: the "hold to the last ditch" Hitler stuff, and Rommel's very astute generalship, so that you could bet your bottom dollar—although you couldn't bet your bottom dollar because that's exactly what you
699:, de Guingand's predecessor as Brigadier General Staff of the Eighth Army. Although Whiteley was senior to Williams, he had no experience as a chief intelligence officer, and Montgomery placed his faith in Williams. The two agreed to cooperate. Williams told Whiteley:
646:
The source material was too good. If one had just done one's thinking and intelligence without the signals intelligence, one would have said: "Well, Rommel will get us as far as this—and then he'll be off. And we'll be left sort of dangling once again..."
336:, who later became Montgomery's chief of staff. As an historian, Williams was accustomed to integrating different sources of information to build up a larger picture. He integrated information from Ultra with that from other sources such as the
575:
commanders, who were only given summaries with no indication of the source of the information. The quality of the information coming from Ultra was very high, but over-reliance on it could be very dangerous, both militarily, when
619:, Ultra provided information on German intentions that was accurate in every detail except for a two-day delay caused by a shortage of petrol. In his memoirs Montgomery recalled how Williams pointed out a crucial weakness in
556:, and hated soldiering as a profession!" When de Guingand was appointed Brigadier General Staff of the Eighth Army in August 1942, he arranged for Williams to be transferred to Eighth Army headquarters as a
655:
do with Rommel—you could take a sly bet that if Rommel was telling Hitler that he was doing a holding to the last drop of blood, that he was in the process of doing a very calculated false front to us.
639:
Rommel of course had to suggest that he was going to hang on to the last moment because of Hitler; one therefore had to inform Monty that Rommel's intention—expressed intention—was to stay put here.
1795:
597:. Williams and his staff would attempt to provide an assessment and then use Ultra to verify it. He would prepare his intelligence summaries in the early hours of the morning by the light of a
1657:
766:
in 1952, a position which he held until 1980. As secretary to the Rhodes
Trustees from 1959, he was also concerned with the selection and subsequent well-being of nearly two hundred
1825:
1820:
552:
to serve on his staff. According to de
Guingand: "Ewart and Williams were an ideal combination. They understood each other perfectly. Both had first-class brains, both were
688:
For
Operation Overlord, Williams confronted the formidable task of providing estimates months in advance of a volatile situation. The G-2 (chief intelligence officer) at
665:
Williams remained with
Montgomery as his intelligence officer for the rest of the war. When Montgomery departed the Eighth Army in December 1944 to assume command of the
1815:
689:
615:
assumed command of the Eighth Army in August 1942, he was impressed with
Williams and identified him as the man he wanted to head his intelligence section. For the
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1830:
721:
263:
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444:
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774:). He relinquished his reserve commission on 20 November 1962, having reached the mandatory retirement age, but retained his rank of brigadier.
682:
510:
951:
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in 1945, but he never completed his work on the 18th century
British cabinet. In 1946, he married Gillian, younger daughter of Major-General
1560:
696:
389:, on 20 November 1912, the second of the three children and oldest son of (Joseph) Edgar Williams, a clergyman, and his wife, Anne Ethel
609:
1855:
725:
424:
259:
1321:
1840:
879:
750:
369:
809:
635:
Williams later explained the difficulty of dealing with intelligence during the German and
Italian withdrawal after the battle:
786:
693:
295:
373:. As secretary to the Rhodes Trustees, he was concerned with the selection and subsequent well-being of nearly two hundred
455:
1743:
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318:
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1835:
643:
was in any case his natural inclination—because we could see Rommel was told to stay put: "Here it is in Ultra".
1717:
1455:
827:
Williams died at Oxford on 26 June 1995. His papers relating to his service with the United Nations are in the
778:
1485:
917:
737:
713:
594:
356:
349:
214:
506:
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306:
744:; they had a son and a daughter. From 1949 to 1980 he was joint editor (with Helen Palmer and later with
704:
internecine but public disputes between the "I" people which helped nobody, least of all the disputants.
476:. Today his argument is universally accepted. In 1938 Williams married Monica Robertson, the daughter of
1521:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. III. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
802:
741:
590:
345:
279:
20:
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451:
450:
Williams remained at Merton as a Harmsworth senior scholar, then became an assistant lecturer at the
364:
291:
244:
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832:
544:
537:
333:
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1352:
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1221:
1201:
1181:
982:
745:
670:
612:
549:
467:
416:
299:
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677:, he took his key officers with him. These included de Guingand, his chief of staff; Brigadier
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1757:
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828:
502:
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1712:
1325:
798:
785:, and served for many years as senior treasurer (and in 1966 to 1968 as president) of the
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759:
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553:
374:
341:
1730:
1692:
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1627:
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159:
114:
831:
at Oxford University; those relating to his correspondence with Montgomery are in the
480:, a professor from New Zealand. They had one child, a daughter, and divorced in 1945.
1779:
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598:
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360:
326:
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276:
240:
184:
134:
1635:
1516:
1454:
Ferris, John (2007). "Intelligence and Overlord: A Snapshot from 6 June 1944". In
896:
454:
in 1936. He returned to Merton in 1937 as a junior research fellow, studying the
1707:
1702:
794:
548:
was required. Aware of his lack of expertise, de Guingand selected Williams and
888:
532:
The desert sun affected his already weak eyes, so he was sent to recuperate in
1590:
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400:
391:
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1446:
817:
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404:
337:
1543:
1507:
39:
1553:
The Men Behind Monty: The Staff and HQs of Eighth Army and 21st Army Group
1526:
812:
Secretariat in New York from 1946 to 1947. In 1959 he was a member of the
431:
after his father was posted there in 1928. He secured a postmastership at
674:
396:
470:
that granted Britain sovereignty over New Zealand, and the land was not
782:
602:
440:
79:
436:
325:
he was commanding was the first British unit to encounter the German
95:
521:
of C Squadron, 1st King's Dragoon Guards when it was ambushed near
572:
533:
518:
322:
557:
1639:
1583:
The Memoirs of Field-Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein
563:
While working at GHQ, Williams had been indoctrinated into the
952:"Edgar Williams, 82, Planner Of Allies' Alamein Victory, Dies"
463:
275:(20 November 1912 – 26 June 1995) was a British historian and
19:
For the American composer, conductor, and music theorist, see
1135:
1133:
1120:
1118:
1408:"Williams, Sir Edgar Trevor (1912-1995), Knight, historian"
525:. It became the first British unit to encounter the German
517:, where, on 24 February 1941, Williams was in command of a
415:. Trevor (known to his friends as "Bill") was educated at
313:
in modern history in 1934, Williams was commissioned as a
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
581:
was integrated with that from other sources such as the
1033:
1031:
1029:
874:"Williams, Sir Edgar Trevor [Bill] (1912–1995)"
329:. He was recruited to work in military intelligence by
1490:
Master of the Battlefield: Monty's War Years 1942–1944
290:. He was one of the few officers who was privy to the
1741:
567:
secret. Knowledge of this was highly restricted; the
302:
as his intelligence officer for the rest of the war.
1796:
People educated at King Edward VII School, Sheffield
593:
and ground reconnaissance behind enemy lines by the
536:, where he was posted to General Headquarters (GHQ)
348:
and ground reconnaissance behind enemy lines by the
605:jacket that had once belonged to a German general.
571:commander was shown the original text, but not the
235:
224:
192:
178:
168:
158:
148:
140:
120:
102:
85:
62:
54:
46:
30:
872:
1356:(1st supplement). 16 November 1962. p. 9061.
1185:(1st supplement). 11 December 1942. p. 5438.
912:
910:
908:
906:
1225:(1st supplement). 6 November 1945. p. 5435.
505:broke out in September 1939, his unit became an
1285:(1st supplement). 22 January 1946. p. 615.
701:
690:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
637:
1396:(1st supplement). 29 December 1972. p. 2.
1205:(1st supplement). 7 August 1945. p. 4044.
681:, his Chief Administrative Officer; Brigadier
1826:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
1821:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1651:
282:officer who played a significant role in the
8:
1245:(1st supplement). 28 May 1943. p. 2517.
883:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
722:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
205:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1049:
1020:
1658:
1644:
1636:
1598:
1460:The Normandy Campaign 1944: Sixty Years On
1085:
1073:
754:. He only wrote three of its articles, on
462:degree in 1938, and commenced work on his
355:After the war Williams became a Fellow of
38:
27:
16:British Army military intelligence officer
1097:
822:1980 Southern Rhodesian general election
1816:British Army brigadiers of World War II
1748:
1462:. Milton Park, Oxfordshire: Routledge.
1008:
880:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
844:
1308:
1163:
1139:
1124:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
748:) of the decennial supplements to the
1846:People educated at Tettenhall College
1441:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
946:
944:
942:
466:, in which he argued that it was the
390:
7:
1151:
1109:
1061:
1037:
996:
411:. After the war the family moved to
321:in June 1939. In February 1941, the
1831:Companions of the Order of the Bath
294:secret, and served on the staff of
1861:1st King's Dragoon Guards officers
1811:Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford
1324:. The Rhodes Trust. Archived from
726:Companion of the Order of the Bath
385:Edgar Trevor Williams was born in
200:Companion of the Order of the Bath
14:
1866:Deputy lieutenants of Oxfordshire
1806:Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
1536:Merton College Register 1900-1964
762:. He went on to become warden of
736:Williams was elected a Fellow of
716:three times, and was awarded the
458:in the 18th century. He earned a
1801:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
1763:
1751:
820:, and he was an observer at the
751:Dictionary of National Biography
370:Dictionary of National Biography
127:
107:
1667:Wardens of Rhodes House, Oxford
810:United Nations Security Council
493:Williams was commissioned as a
1851:20th-century British educators
1618:Warden of Rhodes House, Oxford
1555:. Barnesley: Pen & Sword.
1534:Levens, R. G. C., ed. (1964).
1376:. 17 April 1964. p. 3368.
922:"Obituary: Sir Edgar Williams"
787:Oxford University Cricket Club
395:Evans. His father served as a
1:
1265:. 27 June 1944. p. 3069.
986:. 20 June 1939. p. 4155.
456:Cabinet of the United Kingdom
1871:Military personnel from Kent
1688:Brigadier Sir Edgar Williams
1683:Professor Sir Carleton Allen
1322:"The Warden of Rhodes House"
897:UK public library membership
724:on 29 June 1944, and made a
720:on 1 June 1943, appointed a
1538:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
770:per annum (one of whom was
718:Distinguished Service Order
630:Second Battle of El Alamein
513:. The division was sent to
501:on 21 June 1939. After the
447:in modern history in 1934.
284:Second Battle of El Alamein
210:Distinguished Service Order
1887:
18:
1856:People from Chatham, Kent
1673:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1601:
1492:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
871:Nicholls, CS (May 2011).
673:, the Allied invasion of
499:1st King's Dragoon Guards
319:1st King's Dragoon Guards
256:Sir Edgar Trevor Williams
173:1st King's Dragoon Guards
37:
1515:Maughan, Barton (1966).
808:Williams worked for the
1841:Wardens of Rhodes House
1721:Acting Warden 2012–2013
1410:. The National Archives
738:Balliol College, Oxford
714:mentioned in despatches
595:Long Range Desert Group
357:Balliol College, Oxford
350:Long Range Desert Group
215:Mentioned in dispatches
1713:Professor Don Markwell
1579:Montgomery, Bernard L.
1551:Mead, Richard (2015).
889:10.1093/ref:odnb/57959
758:, Lord Montgomery and
706:
658:
433:Merton College, Oxford
425:King Edward VII School
309:, where he obtained a
307:Merton College, Oxford
1518:Tobruk and El Alamein
803:1973 New Year Honours
789:. He was appointed a
742:Michael Gambier-Parry
591:aerial reconnaissance
511:2nd Armoured Division
346:aerial reconnaissance
280:military intelligence
141:Years of service
50:Edgar Trevor Williams
21:Edgar Warren Williams
1770:University of Oxford
1435:De Guingand, Francis
728:on 24 January 1946.
622:Generalfeldmarschall
617:Battle of Alam Halfa
452:Liverpool University
407:, and served on the
367:, and editor of the
359:, and the Warden of
1585:. London: Collins.
1142:, pp. 186–187.
1127:, pp. 187–188.
1112:, pp. 126–127.
1023:, pp. 105–106.
833:Imperial War Museum
545:Francis de Guingand
538:Middle East Command
334:Francis de Guingand
1393:The London Gazette
1373:The London Gazette
1353:The London Gazette
1282:The London Gazette
1262:The London Gazette
1242:The London Gazette
1222:The London Gazette
1202:The London Gazette
1182:The London Gazette
1011:, pp. 17, 38.
983:The London Gazette
956:The New York Times
746:Christine Nicholls
671:Operation Overlord
613:Bernard Montgomery
610:Lieutenant-General
550:James Oliver Ewart
468:Treaty of Waitangi
435:, where he played
417:Tettenhall College
300:Bernard Montgomery
1739:
1738:
1722:
1698:Sir Anthony Kenny
1678:Sir Francis Wylie
1634:
1633:
1625:Succeeded by
1602:Academic offices
1499:978-0-07-025806-8
1469:978-0-415-44942-7
1439:Operation Victory
1100:, pp. 92–93.
1040:, pp. 64–66.
999:, pp. 25–26.
895:(Subscription or
814:Devlin Commission
797:in 1964, and was
791:Deputy Lieutenant
756:Winston Churchill
661:North West Europe
495:second lieutenant
443:, and obtained a
315:second lieutenant
250:
249:
1878:
1836:Knights Bachelor
1768:
1767:
1766:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1720:
1718:Dr Andrew Graham
1660:
1653:
1646:
1637:
1607:Preceded by
1599:
1594:
1574:
1562:978-147382-716-5
1547:
1530:
1511:
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1335:
1333:
1328:on 16 March 2016
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1050:De Guingand 1947
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1021:De Guingand 1947
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937:
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901:
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876:
868:
829:Bodleian Library
589:interrogations,
509:regiment in the
503:Second World War
484:Second World War
478:Philip Robertson
394:
344:interrogations,
288:Second World War
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229:Philip Robertson
185:Second World War
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73:20 November 1912
72:
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28:
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1708:Sir Colin Lucas
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1486:Hamilton, Nigel
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1086:Montgomery 1958
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1074:Montgomery 1958
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926:The Independent
918:Hamilton, Nigel
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870:
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841:
768:Rhodes scholars
760:Carton de Wiart
734:
683:George Richards
667:21st Army Group
663:
587:prisoner of war
554:university dons
491:
486:
383:
375:Rhodes scholars
342:prisoner of war
258:
236:Other work
231:(father in law)
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1693:Robin Fletcher
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1311:, p. 230.
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958:. 30 June 1995
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460:Master of Arts
423:, and then at
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305:A graduate of
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160:Service number
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93:(aged 82)
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32:Edgar Williams
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421:Staffordshire
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387:Chatham, Kent
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29:
26:
22:
1687:
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1582:
1552:
1535:
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1489:
1459:
1438:
1412:. Retrieved
1402:
1391:
1382:
1371:
1362:
1351:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:the original
1316:
1280:
1271:
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1231:
1220:
1211:
1200:
1191:
1180:
1171:
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1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1016:
1009:Maughan 1966
1004:
992:
981:
972:
960:. Retrieved
955:
929:. Retrieved
925:
878:
826:
807:
776:
772:Bill Clinton
764:Rhodes House
749:
735:
711:
707:
702:
692:(SHAEF) was
687:
679:Miles Graham
664:
652:
649:
645:
641:
638:
634:
626:Erwin Rommel
620:
607:
601:, wearing a
578:Erwin Rommel
562:
531:
527:Afrika Korps
507:armoured car
492:
489:North Africa
471:
449:
384:
368:
361:Rhodes House
354:
327:Afrika Korps
304:
255:
251:
241:Rhodes House
183:
179:Battles/wars
135:British Army
91:(1995-06-26)
89:26 June 1995
25:
1791:1995 deaths
1786:1912 births
1703:John Rowett
1388:"No. 45860"
1368:"No. 43300"
1348:"No. 42835"
1309:Levens 1964
1277:"No. 37442"
1257:"No. 36586"
1237:"No. 36037"
1217:"No. 37340"
1197:"No. 37213"
1177:"No. 35821"
1164:Ferris 2007
1140:Ferris 2007
1125:Ferris 2007
978:"No. 34637"
795:Oxfordshire
569:Eighth Army
403:during the
377:each year.
55:Nickname(s)
1780:Categories
1622:1952–1980
1591:1059556308
1478:1132274937
1427:References
899:required.)
732:Later life
523:El Agheila
401:Royal Navy
381:Early life
239:Warden of
103:Allegiance
69:1912-11-20
47:Birth name
1758:Biography
1571:913467827
1447:503437701
1152:Mead 2015
1110:Mead 2015
1062:Mead 2015
1038:Mead 2015
997:Mead 2015
818:Nyasaland
583:Y service
542:Brigadier
540:in which
515:Cyrenaica
429:Sheffield
405:Great War
338:Y service
331:Brigadier
253:Brigadier
225:Relations
153:Brigadier
144:1939–1945
98:, England
1581:(1958).
1488:(1983).
1437:(1947).
1414:24 March
1332:16 March
962:24 March
931:24 March
799:knighted
675:Normandy
653:couldn't
397:chaplain
121:Service/
1744:Portals
1544:8775266
1508:9620067
1458:(ed.).
801:in the
783:cricket
603:crochet
529:(DAK).
497:in the
441:cricket
399:in the
317:in the
286:in the
80:England
1589:
1569:
1559:
1542:
1527:954993
1525:
1506:
1496:
1476:
1466:
1445:
893:
779:Oxford
437:soccer
365:Oxford
245:Oxford
193:Awards
132:
123:branch
112:
96:Oxford
839:Notes
608:When
573:corps
565:Ultra
534:Cairo
519:troop
445:First
323:troop
311:First
292:Ultra
270:
266:
262:
164:92594
1609:Sir
1587:OCLC
1567:OCLC
1557:ISBN
1540:OCLC
1523:OCLC
1504:OCLC
1494:ISBN
1474:OCLC
1464:ISBN
1443:OCLC
1416:2021
1334:2016
964:2021
933:2021
793:for
558:GSO2
439:and
298:Sir
277:Army
169:Unit
149:Rank
86:Died
63:Born
58:Bill
885:doi
816:on
777:At
669:in
464:PhD
427:in
392:née
268:DSO
264:CBE
217:(3)
1782::
1565:.
1502:.
1472:.
1390:.
1370:.
1350:.
1291:^
1279:.
1259:.
1239:.
1219:.
1199:.
1179:.
1132:^
1117:^
1028:^
980:.
954:.
941:^
924:.
920:.
905:^
877:.
847:^
835:.
824:.
805:.
632:.
585:,
560:.
419:,
363:,
352:.
340:,
272:DL
260:CB
243:,
78:,
1746::
1659:e
1652:t
1645:v
1593:.
1573:.
1546:.
1529:.
1510:.
1480:.
1449:.
1418:.
1336:.
966:.
935:.
891:.
887::
71:)
67:(
23:.
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