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520:. Prance named as the actual killers three working men, Robert Green, Henry Berry and Lawrence Hill, who were arrested. Godden fled the country, while the two Irish priests simply vanished from sight. As with most solutions to the murder, the main weakness was the absence of a plausible motive. Prance could only say, vaguely, that Godfrey had been harassing the two priests in some way, which seems unlikely as he was noted for tolerance in religious matters.
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274:. He lived with a maid named Elizabeth Curtis and his secretary, Henry More and a housekeeper, who were questioned at his inquest, where they gave evidence that in their opinion his death was suicide. He was considered eccentric in choosing to socialise with members of the working class instead of persons of his own class, although he did have a number of influential friends, including
436:
527:, and nearly froze to death. As a result, he recanted his recantation and recanted two more times, ending up verifying his original story. At the trial, he was a highly credible witness, although Hill's wife rightly prophesied "we shall see him recant after, when it is too late". The three men were sentenced to death 5 February 1679 and hanged at
788:. He is depicted as a very honest magistrate, who is reluctant to take part in any persecution, regularly warning both Catholics and Dissenters who are about to be arrested. In a (fictional) scene, Godfrey is depicted as meeting secretly with King Charles II, his brother James and Queen Catherine, and suggesting that they arrest
199:, the eleventh son of eighteen children born to Thomas Godfrey (1586–1664), a member of an old Kentish family and his second wife Sarah, née Isles. He was named after his godfathers, Edmund Harrison and Captain John Berrie (which led to the misconception that his first name was "Edmundbury"). His father had been MP for
466:(and extremely drunk) at that time, and the Court directed an acquittal. Bedloe claimed that Catholic plotters had killed Godfrey in order to steal his papers about the depositions (note that the witnesses whose words had been recorded were still alive). He changed his story several times afterwards but the
635:) concurred, concluding that if the body had been suspended, the marks would have been higher up on the body than they were. The circumstances of Godfrey's death were established and documented by two doctors, Zachariah Skillard and Nicholas Cambridge, for an inquest held at the White House tavern in
735:
argues that "this would have been an elaborate, even over-elaborate, way of going about things", and that there "is no proof that such a concealment ever took place". She suggests instead that murder "was the obvious plausible explanation, either by random muggers taking advantage of
Godfrey's night
646:
argues that neither
Catholics nor Whigs had a sufficient motive. The Catholics were almost certain to be blamed for the murder, with calamitous consequences; while neither Shaftesbury nor his colleagues, whatever their faults, were likely to murder an innocent man of their own social class whom many
647:
of them knew and liked, on the mere speculation that it would bring them some benefit. He discounts Oates' involvement on the ground that he was a physical coward; Bedloe's conduct suggests that he had heard something about the murder from his underworld connections but was not directly involved.
426:
Two committees unsuccessfully investigated the murder. They received conflicting statements about
Godfrey's whereabouts before the murder. There was no evidence of a struggle on the spot where the body had been found and Godfrey still had his money and rings. On the other hand, curious people had
802:
Colin Haydn Evans' radio play, "A Walk Across the Green" broadcast on BBC Radio 4 (7 April 1990) depicts
Godfrey's murder as the work of Protestant conspirators headed by the republican-leaning Earl of Shaftesbury, to foment further anti-Catholic hysteria. The story is narrated by the mysterious
410:
When Oates's accusations became known, the public became concerned. Godfrey had supposedly been concerned that he might be one of the victims of the scare, but he took no extra precautions for his own security; his conversation also became increasingly strange, with references to
402:
appeared before
Godfrey and asked him to take their oath that the papers they presented as evidence were based on truth. Godfrey demanded first to know the contents of the papers and when he had received a copy on 28 September, took their depositions. He may have warned
509:. His lodger John Wren (who was in debt to Prance) testified that he had been away for the four nights before Godfrey's body was discovered. Bedloe claimed to recognize him. Both statements are now thought to be lies, but this did not help Prance.
350:. The club, unable to confront the king directly, stirred up popular ill feelings against the Roman Catholic Church. Peyton hand-picked twelve men (including himself and Godfrey) who plotted to replace the King with a republic, nominally led by
443:
Oates exploited the situation and encouraged the public perception that the murder was the work of
Catholic plotters. There was a commemorative dagger and medal, sermons and pamphlets. These months were long remembered as "Godfrey's Autumn".
516:, head of the secular English clergy, and two Irish priests, Kelly and Fitzgerald. These priests witnessed the murder in the courtyard of Somerset House where Godfrey had been lured. Godfrey had been strangled and his body taken to
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in concluding that
Godfrey most likely killed himself. He suggests Godfrey's brothers made the death appear to be a murder to avoid public disgrace and the forfeiture of Godfrey's estate. On the other hand, in her biography
415:
and to being "knocked on the head" (the contemporary phrase for assassination). It was this odd behaviour which led his household to conclude that he had committed suicide, despite the medical evidence to the contrary.
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wrote that suicide by hanging was impossible as the marks on his neck showed that he had had his neck broken with his cravat, which was too short to effect a breakage by "drop". An investigation by pathologist
431:
and his neck broken. The sword wound had not bled, meaning that
Godfrey was already dead when he was impaled, maybe for 4–5 days. The authorities announced a reward of £500 for information about the murderers.
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Anti-papist pipe tamper with the head of the pope inscribed with "The church subverted takes on the face of the Devil" and Edmund
Godfrey with "E(dmundbury) Godfrey by his death re-established the state",
824:
477:, as the mastermind behind the murder. The King, who was increasingly sceptical about the reality of the Plot, burst out laughing at the notion, pointing out that Belasyse was so afflicted with
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on the night of 14 October to see the body of
Godfrey (although on the previous day he had claimed just the opposite). He said he had seen two men, including Samuel Atkins, secretary to
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walk, or by any one of the enemies a magistrate can acquire in the exercise of his profession", while conceding that "no one theory seems able to explain all the known facts."
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when he had stayed in his post regardless of the circumstances. In 1669 Godfrey was briefly imprisoned for a few days because he had the King's physician, Sir
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already trampled the ground when investigators arrived. The body was covered with bruises and a circular mark around Godfrey's neck revealed that he had been
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had taken revenge on Godfrey, who had prosecuted him that April for the murder of Nathaniel Cony. Herbert was convicted of manslaughter and exercised his
1224:
757:
British author Mark Francis has published a series of five novels concerning fictional accounts of Godfrey's earlier life. The books are entitled
538:. Because the three men were executed on false evidence, and historians accept their complete innocence, the murder remains officially unsolved.
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792:; the King later regrets not having taken this advice. The book does not take a clear stand regarding the circumstances of Godfrey's death.
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On 23 – 24 December, Prance announced that he had had a part in the murder but that the main instigators were three Catholic priests:
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He was in business with his brother-in-law, James Harrison. Originally their premises was in Greene's Lane (beneath present-day
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has since been concreted over. After his death, his papers were retrieved from a trunk in a coffee house at Swan's Court, by
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Prance later recanted his confession before the king and the council and was thrown back to prison: he was threatened with
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247:' diary of 26 May 1669 mentions that he went on hunger strike, claiming that the Judges had found for him, but the King,
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On 12 October 1678, he left his house in the morning but did not return home. He was found dead in a ditch on
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722:(1999) offers a comprehensive examination of Godfrey's life and death. Marshall follows the principle of
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agreed to convert himself and England to Roman Catholicism in return for money paid by the French King
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There have been many theories of what really happened to Godfrey and who killed him. "To the minds of
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declared that he was murdered by the patrons of Oates, to give currency to the belief in the Plot.
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concurred (1974), but allowed that the matter could not now be settled with certainty. The author
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The killing of Justice Godfrey: an investigation into England's most remarkable unsolved murder
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Contemporary newspaper with the headline "Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey's Murder Made Visible"
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had left his deposition with Godfrey, Godfrey warned one of the intended scapegoats,
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on 17 October. Godfrey was lying face down and had been impaled with his own sword.
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Godfrey is a conspicuous character in Alison Macleod's 1976 historical novel
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The Strange Death of Edmund Godfrey, Plots and Politics in Restoration London
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262:) but moved in 1670 to Hartshorn Lane, having use of a wharf. This is now
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Atkins was arrested but was able to prove that he had been on a yacht at
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872:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 172.
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in religion, Godfrey had a number of Catholic acquaintances, including
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Godfrey's murder plays a key role in Kate Braithwaite's 2018 novel,
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The Popish Plot: A Study in the History of the Reign of Charles II
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1066:"Isle of Wight author writes about the mean streets of the 1600s"
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hazards that Oates himself was the murderer, and is supported by
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There is a tablet dedicated to his memory in the cloisters at
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Prance's story was later discredited and he pleaded guilty to
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named Godfrey as a member of the so-called "Peyton Gang". Sir
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uproar in England. Contemporary documents also spell the name
36:
251:, had overridden them. He was held at the Porter's Lodge of
711:(1984) that Herbert murdered Godfrey on the orders of the "
354:. The founding meeting of the Green Ribbon Club was in the
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to escape punishment, leaving him without the use of that
1043:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 467–468.
1184:
Andrew Lang - The Mystery of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey
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and began an anti-Catholic campaign. Titus Oates and
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In 1678, Godfrey became involved with the schemes of
298:, Catholic secretary of the Duke of York, the future
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282:. Recently correspondence has been retrieved from
825:List of unsolved murders in the United Kingdom
336:Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
235:in September 1666 for his services during the
1265:People educated at Westminster School, London
8:
889:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
678:which he sorely needed after nearly killing
286:detailing his relations with a faith-healer
160:(23 December 1621 – 12 October 1678) was an
682:in a dispute shortly after his conviction.
759:Edmund Godfrey & The Fanatiques' Creed
473:Perhaps in response to prompting he named
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1163:Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey
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886:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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386:A print depicting the murder of Godfrey
207:and owned Hodiford Farm. He studied at
1260:People associated with the Popish Plot
751:Charles II: The Power and the Passion
280:Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham
7:
668:Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke
407:of the content of the accusations.
1064:Perry, Sally (18 September 2015).
662:analyzed all of these theories in
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863:"Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry"
631:(appendix in John Dickson Carr's
475:John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse
374:, and who was a personal friend.
338:after he had become aware of the
320:Lieutenant of the Tower of London
183:Edmund Berry Godfrey was born in
942:. London: Granada. p. 191.
915:
744:Godfrey was played by the actor
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664:The Murder of Sir Edmund Godfrey
615:pronounce the problem unsolved.
567:the Catholics were responsible.
290:— the "Irish stroker". Strictly
243:, arrested for owing him money.
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1225:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
692:reached the same conclusion in
481:that he could hardly stand up.
1186:(Full text via gutenberg.org.)
709:The Killing of Justice Godfrey
619:has pronounced it insoluble".
330:and a prominent member of the
167:whose mysterious death caused
1:
883:"Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry".
595:have given the same verdict.
903:UK public library membership
505:, was arrested and taken to
470:retained him as a witness.
219:became a prominent wood and
573:Sir James Fitzjames Stephen
372:hanged, drawn and quartered
334:. This had been founded by
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1275:Unsolved murders in London
1270:People murdered in London
1190:National Portrait Gallery
676:Get Out of Jail Free card
81:12 October 1678 (aged 56)
46:
984:. Phoenix Press reissue.
936:Knight, Stephen (1984).
394:when Oates invented the
158:Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey
924:, Wednesday 26 May 1669
869:Encyclopædia Britannica
784:, a biography of Queen
633:Death of Edmund Godfrey
268:St Martin-in-the-Fields
145:Thomas Godfrey (father)
1240:English murder victims
1220:17th-century Anglicans
995:Pollock, John (1903).
895:10.1093/ref:odnb/10868
748:in the TV mini-series
698:professional historian
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340:Secret Treaty of Dover
148:Sarah Godfrey (mother)
1250:Members of Gray's Inn
1109:"The Road to Newgate"
1019:Knight, (1984) p. 100
980:Kenyon, J.P. (2000).
922:Diary of Samuel Pepys
786:Catherine of Braganza
763:The Terror of Terrors
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503:Catherine of Braganza
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264:Northumberland Avenue
260:Charing Cross Station
213:Christ Church, Oxford
130:Christ Church, Oxford
694:Historical Whodunits
690:Hugh Ross Williamson
672:privilege of peerage
439:Godfrey coat of arms
288:Valentine Greatrakes
237:Great Plague of 1665
225:justice of the peace
60:Edmund Berry Godfrey
797:The Road to Newgate
775:A Plague of Shadows
771:The Devil's Trumpet
310:In a letter to the
215:and after entering
767:The Monkey Duchess
593:Sir George Sitwell
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312:Secretary of State
209:Westminster School
173:Edmundbury Godfrey
125:Westminster School
113:Edmundbury Godfrey
27:English magistrate
18:Edmundbury Godfrey
1230:English Anglicans
1050:978-0-7538-1403-1
1003:Duckworth and Co.
901:(Subscription or
813:Westminster Abbey
687:popular historian
660:John Dickson Carr
624:John Dickson Carr
332:Green Ribbon Club
316:Joseph Williamson
241:Alexander Fraizer
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447:Later "Captain"
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110:Other names
63:23 December 1621
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1070:On the Wight
1069:
1059:
1040:
1015:
997:
990:
981:
938:
931:
921:
911:
884:
878:
867:
810:
801:
796:
794:
781:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
756:
749:
743:
728:
719:
717:
708:
701:J. P. Kenyon
693:
684:
663:
654:
644:J. P. Kenyon
641:
632:
621:
554:
533:
522:
511:
499:Miles Prance
496:
485:Miles Prance
472:
461:
457:Samuel Pepys
446:
442:
425:
418:
409:
400:Israel Tonge
389:
309:
257:
245:Samuel Pepys
223:. He became
182:
172:
157:
156:
29:
1215:1678 deaths
1210:1678 crimes
1205:1621 births
1167:John Murray
1134:"Schedules"
790:Titus Oates
713:Peyton Gang
396:Popish Plot
392:Titus Oates
364:Titus Oates
360:Hammersmith
356:Swan Tavern
326:was MP for
306:Peyton Gang
229:Westminster
100:Nationality
1199:Categories
1165:. London:
1138:BBC Genome
1001:. London:
905:required.)
831:References
642:Historian
585:L'Estrange
344:Charles II
249:Charles II
233:knighthood
217:Gray's Inn
201:New Romney
191:, between
179:Early life
165:magistrate
655:American
577:Mr Traill
542:Solutions
518:Hampstead
464:Greenwich
429:strangled
413:martyrdom
348:Louis XIV
342:in which
328:Middlesex
185:Sellindge
118:Education
67:Sellindge
1161:(1882).
1039:(2002).
1005:p.
819:See also
807:Memorial
731:(1979),
685:British
605:Macaulay
565:Christie
561:Oldmixon
300:James II
292:Anglican
1143:2 April
1118:2 April
1093:2 April
589:Lingard
536:perjury
525:torture
405:Coleman
378:Mystery
284:Ireland
211:and at
203:in the
197:Ashford
162:English
139:Parents
104:English
1047:
946:
899:
680:a peer
611:, and
601:Hallam
581:Mr Lee
563:, and
557:Kennet
318:, the
314:, Sir
94:London
613:Klopp
609:Ranke
597:Ralph
569:North
551:1678.
193:Hythe
1145:2021
1120:2021
1095:2021
1045:ISBN
944:ISBN
773:and
617:Hume
591:and
579:and
479:gout
278:and
227:for
195:and
189:Kent
78:Died
71:Kent
56:Born
891:doi
815:.
715:".
459:.
37:Sir
1201::
1136:.
1111:.
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1068:.
1024:^
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765:,
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187:,
175:.
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1072:.
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952:.
926:.
897:.
893::
20:)
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