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I talk of Bill Wilson. I believe he really is the finest character I ever met." When Scott's final camp was discovered by a search team in
November 1912, Bowers and Wilson were found frozen in their sleeping bags. Scott's bag was open and his body partially out of his bag – his left arm was extended across Wilson.
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Affectionately nicknamed "Uncle Bill" by the men of the expedition, Wilson was the confidant of many, respected for his judgement, skills at mediation and dedication to others. By all accounts, Wilson was probably Scott's closest comrade of the expedition. Scott wrote, "Words must always fail me when
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The blizzard continued for days, longer than they had fuel and food for. Too weak, cold and hungry to continue, they died in their tent on or soon after 29 March—Scott's last diary entry—still 148 miles (238 km) from their base camp. Their bodies were found by a search party the following spring
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deliberately walked out of their tent to his death on 16 March after his frostbitten feet developed gangrene. Wilson, Scott and Bowers continued on for three more days, progressing an extra 20 miles (32 km), but were stopped by a blizzard on 20 March, 11 miles (18 km) short of the 'One Ton'
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on 23 July 1872, Wilson was the second son and fifth child of physician Edward Thomas Wilson and his wife, Mary Agnes, née
Whishaw. A clever, sensitive, but boisterous boy, he developed a love of the countryside, natural history and drawing from an early age. He was sent as a boarder to a preparatory
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near
Cheltenham. By the age of nine, he had announced to his parents that he was going to become a naturalist. With encouragement and tuition from his father, he started to draw pictures of the wildlife and fauna in the fields around the farm. After passing his exams with honours in science in 1891,
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art gallery and museum in
Cheltenham, holds a collection of watercolours and drawings made by Wilson, as well as the family papers of his father, Edward Thomas Wilson, who was instrumental in founding the Camera Club, museum, library, a fever hospital, district nursing organisation, and clean water
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the following austral spring. Deteriorating weather conditions and weak, unacclimatised ponies meant that the main supply point, One Ton Depot, was laid 35 miles (56 km) further north of its planned location at 80°S, something that was to prove critical during the return journey from the Pole
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Frozen and exhausted, they reached their goal only to be stopped by a blizzard, during which their tent was ripped away and carried off by the wind, leaving the men trapped in their sleeping bags for a day and a half under a thickening drift of snow. When the winds subsided, by great fortune they
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Shackleton was deteriorating rapidly, coughing blood and suffering fainting spells and unable to help pull the sledge. Scott and Wilson, themselves suffering, struggled to get the party home. It was a close call. However, 93 days after setting off, having covered 960 miles (1,540 km), they
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set off on a journey that, at the time, was the southernmost trek achieved by any explorer. The party had dogs but they were not experienced in using them and the food brought for the dogs had gone bad. With many of the dogs dead, they turned back on 31 December, having reached latitude
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found their tent lodged about half a mile away in rocks. Having successfully collected three eggs, and desperately exhausted, they returned to Cape Evans on 1 August 1911, five weeks after setting off. Cherry-Garrard later described this expedition in his memoir,
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on 12 November 1912. Their tent was collapsed over them by the search party who then buried them where they lay, under a snow cairn, topped by a cross made from a pair of skis. When news of the tragedy reached
Britain in February 1913, it was mourned nationally.
606:, part of the University of Cambridge, which cares for over 200 watercolours of British birds by Wilson, as well as a further 150 paintings made in Antarctica. The institute's Polar Museum displays a range of objects associated with Wilson, including:
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in Dundee, the ship Wilson first travelled to
Antarctica on, is preserved as a heritage site, and accessible to visitors. The Dundee Heritage Trust collection also includes a small collection of material including a scrapbook and photographs from the
542:
On 1 November, 14 men set off from Cape Evans on the long trip to the South Pole. Seventy-nine days later, Wilson was one of the five-man Polar party that reached the Pole on 18 January 1912, only to find the pole had been claimed by
Norwegian
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During a long convalescence from this illness he spent months in Norway and
Switzerland, time he used to practise and develop his skills as an artist. He qualified in medicine in 1900, and the next year was appointed
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Their return journey soon became a desperate affair due to the combination of exhaustion, lack of nutrients in their diet and exceptionally adverse weather. On 17 February, near the base of the
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and safety in
February 1903. The following month, Shackleton, having suffered particularly badly from scurvy and exhaustion, was sent home early by Scott on the relief ship
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to collect eggs for scientific study. The 60-mile (97 km) journey was made in almost total darkness, with temperatures reaching as low as −70 °F (−57 °C).
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at Caius House, Battersea, while he was conducting mission work. They married on 16 July 1901, three weeks before setting off for the
Antarctic as a member of
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died, suspected to be from a brain injury sustained after a fall into a crevasse two weeks earlier. Then, in a vain attempt to save his companions, Captain
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A Royal Geographical Society Patron's Medal (George V issue), in a dark blue case, awarded posthumously to Wilson and presented to Mrs Wilson in 1913.
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in early January 1911. A base camp hut was built and three weeks later work began to establish the supply depots in preparation for the journey to the
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82° 17'S. They had travelled 300 miles (480 km) farther south than anyone before them and were only 480 miles (770 km) from the Pole.
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Wilson's artwork and objects relating to him appear in several museum collections. The largest collection of his artwork is held at the
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in his spare time. In February 1898, shortly before qualifying as a doctor, Wilson became seriously ill and was diagnosed with
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for his work in the Antarctic. At Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, the college flag, which Wilson took to the
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From 1901 to 1904, Wilson acted as junior surgeon, zoologist and expedition artist, setting off on the
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found near the South Pole and brought back by Wilson on the British Antarctic Expedition of 1910–1913.
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1054:"Edward Adrian Wilson Chief of scientific staff, biologist (1872–1912) – Biographical notes"
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on 6 August 1901. They reached Antarctica in January 1902. On 2 November, Wilson, Scott and
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was renamed 'The Wilson' in his honour. There is a large block of flats named after him in
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Stretched wings towards the South The Flags of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13
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Doctors of Another Calling: Physicians Who Are Known Best in Fields Other than Medicine
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His mother was a poultry breeder and he spent much of his youth at The Crippetts farm,
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A sledging flag his wife sewed for him, was, after his death, first displayed in
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is named Westal, after Wilson's family home on Montpellier Parade, Cheltenham.
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The statue of Wilson on the Promenade in Cheltenham, modelled by Scott's widow
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In the austral winter of 1911, Wilson led the "winter journey", a journey with
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Edward Wilson: Diary of the 'Terra Nova' Expedition to the Antarctic 1910–1912
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on the former Caius House in Battersea. The Edward Wilson Primary School in
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to Antarctica in 1907, but partly out of loyalty to Scott, Wilson declined.
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It was during his time there that he developed the deep Christian faith and
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With Scott in the Antarctic: Edward Wilson – explorer, naturalist, artist
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296:, but after failing to gain a scholarship to public school, he attended
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1236:"Explorer Edward Wilson's sledge flag returns to Gloucester Cathedral"
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Diary of the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic Regions 1901-1904
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The journal kept by Wilson during the South Polar journey on the
614:, is now in the collection of the Scott Polar Research Institute.
470:, as chief of the scientific staff of Scott's final journey, the
489:
was trapped for three weeks by pack ice, and finally arrived at
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1826:
1788:
1386:"Museum catalogue – Antarctic Collection – Candlestick Holder"
1356:"Museum catalogue – Antarctic Collection – RGS Patron's Medal"
1075:
Muller-Schwarze, Dietland; Muller-Schwarze, Christne (1972).
1392:. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge.
1362:. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge.
1332:. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge.
570:
At the South Pole: Wilson, Bowers, Evans, Scott and Oates
1501:"Cheltenham's Museum and Art Gallery renamed The Wilson"
643:, along with Captain Scott's diary from the expedition.
1153:. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder. pp. 432–433.
1326:"Museum catalogue – Antarctic Collection – Black Flag"
443:
The great ice barrier – looking east from Cape Crozier
1624:
Edward Wilson of the Antarctic: Naturalist and Friend
670:, was unveiled on 9 July 1914 by Arctic explorer Sir
420:. On his return, Shackleton asked Wilson to join his
390:
Shackleton, Scott and Wilson, on 2 November 1902
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biscuit tin during the British Antarctic Expedition.
509:
Wilson, Bowers and Cherry-Garrard after their return
335:, London and undertook mission work in the slums of
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1867:
1686:
Cheltenham in Antarctica: the Life of Edward Wilson
697:, London is named after him. The students' café at
263:(23 July 1872 – 29 March 1912) was an English
236:
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166:
140:
119:
109:
90:
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41:
4966:Collection of the Scott Polar Research Institute
1565:Wilson, Edward A. (1972). King, H. G. R. (ed.).
1416:"Manuscript Catalogue – Wilson's Sledging Diary"
1209:"Scott Polar Research Institute art collections"
4951:Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
485:, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, the
327:by which he lived his life. He studied for his
1603:Wilson, Edward A. (1966). Savours, Ann (ed.).
1147:Scott, Robert Falcon; Huxley, Leonard (1913).
1027:. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 88–89.
1800:
1584:Wilson, Edward A. (1967). Roberts, B. (ed.).
8:
587:In 1913 Wilson was posthumously awarded the
5001:Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
1048:
1046:
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244:Royal Geographical Society's Patron's Medal
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1836:
1823:
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1533:"Biography – The British Birds: 1905–1910"
56:
38:
1126:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 260.
30:For other people with similar names, see
4865:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
1441:"Antarctic and Wilson Family Collection"
942:
895:
883:
871:
859:
847:
817:
805:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
4440:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
906:
904:
738:
563:food depot that could have saved them.
1586:Edward Wilson's Birds of the Antarctic
1513:from the original on 21 September 2013
1225:Scott Polar Research Institute website
1081:Antarctic Journal of the United States
627:A candlestick made by Wilson out of a
547:and his team just five weeks earlier.
460:On 15 June 1910, Wilson set sail from
343:, contracted during his mission work.
5006:People educated at Cheltenham College
1722:Wilson, D. M.; Wilson, C. J. (2011).
1703:Wilson, D. M.; Wilson, C. J. (2004).
1481:from the original on 27 November 2018
1451:from the original on 27 November 2018
1396:from the original on 27 November 2018
1366:from the original on 27 November 2018
1336:from the original on 27 November 2018
1215:from the original on 15 November 2018
1101:. Antarctic Logistics. 28 August 2010
1002:from the original on 27 December 2019
730:, Wilson was played by John Arthur.
310:Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
7:
4926:20th-century English medical doctors
1684:Wilson, D. M.; Elder, D. B. (2000).
1077:"Wilson's stone hut at Cape Crozier"
682:, Cheltenham. One of the houses at
4226:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
2423:Norse colonization of North America
1724:Edward Wilson's Antarctic Notebooks
1543:from the original on 10 August 2017
699:St George's Hospital Medical School
676:Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum
333:St George's Hospital Medical School
3755:United States Exploring Expedition
1726:. Cheltenham: Reardon Publishing.
1707:. Cheltenham: Reardon Publishing.
1688:. Cheltenham: Reardon Publishing.
1471:"Dundee Heritage Trust Collection"
1306:from the original on 18 April 2019
1276:from the original on 16 April 2019
924:from the original on 16 April 2019
724:. In the 2007 BBC Four production
366:'s expedition. The wedding was in
27:English polar explorer (1872–1912)
25:
4936:20th-century English male artists
4921:19th-century English male artists
4829:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
4197:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
1173:"List of Past Gold Medal Winners"
831:"Wilson, Edward Adrian (WL891EA)"
4723:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4116:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1705:Edward Wilson's Nature Notebooks
1246:from the original on 18 May 2019
714:. In the 1985 Central TV serial
619:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
132:St George's University of London
1776:Works by or about Edward Wilson
226:
1390:Scott Polar Research Institute
1360:Scott Polar Research Institute
1330:Scott Polar Research Institute
1087:. National Science Foundation.
958:Edward Wilson Of The Antarctic
727:The Worst Journey in the World
604:Scott Polar Research Institute
536:The Worst Journey in the World
370:, where her father was vicar.
32:Edward Wilson (disambiguation)
1:
5016:Recipients of the Polar Medal
4931:20th-century English painters
4916:19th-century English painters
4102:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
4037:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
1752:Biodiversity Heritage Library
1296:"Edward Wilson's sledge flag"
4961:British Antarctic scientists
4459:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
4275:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
4081:French Antarctic Expeditions
4011:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3897:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
2015:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
1120:Cooper, David K. C. (2013).
1024:Earth: The Operators' Manual
445:, 1911 watercolour by Wilson
4956:Antarctic expedition deaths
3544:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
3223:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
2088:Andrée's balloon expedition
1607:. London: Blandford Press.
1588:. London: Blandford Press.
1569:. London: Blandford Press.
835:A Cambridge Alumni Database
456:, Wilson and Cherry-Garrard
353:Cheltenham General Hospital
177:
171:Cheltenham General Hospital
5037:
2745:Franklin's lost expedition
2445:Christian IV's expeditions
1650:The Faith of Edward Wilson
1637:Edward Wilson Nature Lover
1180:Royal Geographical Society
1021:Alley, Richard B. (2011).
912:"Oriana Wilson collection"
837:. University of Cambridge.
639:expedition is held in the
593:Royal Geographical Society
127:Gonville and Caius College
29:
3597:
3593:
3580:
3099:Great Northern Expedition
2775:Rae–Richardson expedition
1975:British Arctic Expedition
1839:
1835:
1822:
1150:Scott's Last Expedition /
961:. John Murray. p. 76
701:is named Eddie Wilson's.
300:for boys as a day pupil.
207:
55:
4383:British Antarctic Survey
4377:Captain Arturo Prat Base
3622:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1447:. The Cheltenham Trust.
1159:10.5962/bhl.title.105207
980:"Fashionable Weddings".
674:. In September 2013 the
648:provision for the town.
477:. After making stops in
4996:Explorers of Antarctica
4986:English polar explorers
4859:Pole of inaccessibility
4522:Antarctic Treaty System
2863:2nd Grinnell expedition
720:, Wilson was played by
717:The Last Place on Earth
710:, Wilson was played by
368:Hilton, Huntingdonshire
5011:People from Cheltenham
4981:English ornithologists
1762:Works by Edward Wilson
1748:Works by Edward Wilson
1270:Spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/
996:"Edward Adrian Wilson"
707:Scott of the Antarctic
617:A black flag from the
571:
515:Henry Robertson Bowers
510:
457:
446:
391:
341:pulmonary tuberculosis
5021:Terra Nova expedition
4971:English male painters
4529:Transglobe Expedition
4428:Operation Deep Freeze
3837:Challenger expedition
2703:Coppermine expedition
2224:Drifting ice stations
1661:Williams, I. (2008).
1509:. 18 September 2013.
1475:Dundee Heritage Trust
898:, pp. 31, 58–64.
629:Huntley & Palmers
569:
519:Apsley Cherry-Garrard
508:
452:
441:
389:
1189:on 27 September 2011
982:Cheltenham Chronicle
612:Gloucester Cathedral
525:breeding grounds at
502:the following year.
349:junior house surgeon
329:Bachelor of Medicine
256:Edward Adrian Wilson
69:Edward Adrian Wilson
18:Edward Adrian Wilson
4976:English naturalists
4699:South magnetic pole
3365:Brusilov expedition
2474:Danish colonization
1912:North magnetic pole
1648:Seaver, G. (1948).
1635:Seaver, G. (1937).
1622:Seaver, G. (1933).
364:Robert Falcon Scott
360:Oriana Fanny Souper
218:Oriana Fanny Souper
4991:English scientists
4390:Operation Windmill
4371:Operation Highjump
3346:Rusanov expedition
3251:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2995:North East Passage
2799:McClure expedition
998:. Visit Stanmore.
784:, pp. 22, 26.
684:Cheltenham College
572:
511:
458:
447:
392:
318:first-class degree
298:Cheltenham College
178:Expeditions
114:Cheltenham College
4903:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4357:Operation Tabarin
4219:Far Eastern Party
4065:Nimrod Expedition
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3135:M. Pronchishcheva
3057:Siberian Cossacks
2526:Northwest Passage
1859:Research stations
1816:Polar exploration
1056:. Cool Antarctica
945:, pp. 69–70.
886:, pp. 52–56.
874:, pp. 50–51.
862:, pp. 41–48.
850:, pp. 34–35.
820:, pp. 28–30.
772:, pp. 25–26.
760:, pp. 23–25.
704:In the 1948 film
552:Beardmore Glacier
403:Ernest Shackleton
273:natural historian
253:
252:
153:natural historian
16:(Redirected from
5028:
4404:Ronne Expedition
3889:
3883:
3747:Dumont d'Urville
3595:
3582:
3130:V. Pronchishchev
1837:
1824:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1786:
1780:Internet Archive
1772:
1758:
1737:
1718:
1699:
1680:
1657:
1644:
1631:
1618:
1599:
1580:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1182:. Archived from
1177:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
992:
986:
985:
977:
971:
970:
968:
966:
955:Seaver, George.
952:
946:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
908:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
838:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
712:Harold Warrender
672:Clements Markham
599:, is preserved.
554:, petty officer
358:In 1897, he met
314:Natural Sciences
312:, where he read
294:Clifton, Bristol
262:
230:
228:
97:
78:
76:
60:
50:
39:
21:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5025:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4891:
4566:
4558:
4434:McMurdo Station
4303:Modern research
4301:
4289:
4024:O. Nordenskjöld
3887:
3881:
3876:
3792:Ross expedition
3616:
3589:
3568:
2997:
2989:
2530:Northern Canada
2528:
2520:
2373:
2365:
1871:
1863:
1831:
1818:
1813:
1744:
1734:
1721:
1715:
1702:
1696:
1683:
1677:
1660:
1647:
1634:
1621:
1615:
1602:
1596:
1583:
1577:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1420:British Library
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1266:"Sledging flag"
1264:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1242:. 5 July 2012.
1234:
1233:
1229:
1218:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1099:"Edward Wilson"
1097:
1096:
1092:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1042:
1035:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1003:
994:
993:
989:
984:. 20 July 1901.
979:
978:
974:
964:
962:
954:
953:
949:
941:
937:
927:
925:
910:
909:
902:
894:
890:
882:
878:
870:
866:
858:
854:
846:
842:
829:
828:
824:
816:
812:
804:
800:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
764:
756:
752:
744:
740:
736:
641:British Library
585:
523:emperor penguin
436:
384:
376:
285:
258:
249:
232:
229: 1901)
224:
220:
203:
202:
179:
136:
120:Alma mater
105:
99:
95:
86:
80:
74:
72:
71:
70:
51:
46:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5034:
5032:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4908:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4851:Vostok Station
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4802:Cherry-Garrard
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4642:Southern Cross
4638:
4637:
4636:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4572:
4570:
4564:Farthest South
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4525:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4479:
4474:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4436:
4431:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4386:
4379:
4374:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4325:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4261:Ross Sea party
4257:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4222:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4126:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4061:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3955:Southern Cross
3948:Southern Cross
3944:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3892:
3890:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3813:
3807:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3694:Bellingshausen
3684:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3553:
3541:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3003:
3001:
2999:Russian Arctic
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2815:
2810:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2441:
2436:
2434:Snæbjörn galti
2431:
2426:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2336:
2329:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2301:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2227:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1986:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1869:Farthest North
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1759:
1743:
1742:External links
1740:
1739:
1738:
1732:
1719:
1713:
1700:
1694:
1681:
1675:
1658:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1613:
1600:
1594:
1581:
1575:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1524:
1492:
1462:
1432:
1407:
1377:
1347:
1317:
1287:
1257:
1227:
1200:
1164:
1139:
1132:
1112:
1090:
1067:
1040:
1033:
1013:
987:
972:
947:
935:
900:
888:
876:
864:
852:
840:
822:
810:
798:
786:
774:
762:
750:
737:
735:
732:
668:Kathleen Scott
633:
632:
625:
622:
615:
589:Patron's Medal
584:
581:
560:Lawrence Oates
545:Roald Amundsen
483:South Trinidad
435:
429:
383:
377:
375:
372:
316:, obtaining a
284:
281:
265:polar explorer
251:
250:
248:
247:
240:
238:
234:
233:
222:
216:
215:
213:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
192:
183:
182:
180:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
145:Polar explorer
142:
138:
137:
135:
134:
129:
123:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
102:Ross Ice Shelf
100:
98:(aged 39)
92:
88:
87:
81:
68:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5033:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
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4952:
4949:
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4888:
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4883:
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4856:
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4609:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4597:
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4589:
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4569:
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4326:
4324:
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4309:
4308:
4306:
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4300:
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4264:
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4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
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3994:
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3991:
3987:
3983:
3982:Discovery Hut
3980:
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3512:A. Sibiryakov
3509:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3484:Glavsevmorput
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2809:
2808:
2803:
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2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2786:J. Richardson
2784:
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2779:
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2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
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2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:M. Corte-Real
2546:
2544:
2543:G. Corte-Real
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
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2502:
2500:
2497:
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2494:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2466:C. Richardson
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
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2300:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2288:
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2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:Georgiy Sedov
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
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2228:
2226:
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2217:
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2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:Riiser-Larsen
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2117:
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2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2099:
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2036:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1978:
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1972:
1968:
1965:
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1960:
1958:
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1953:
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1913:
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1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1733:9781874192510
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1714:9781873877708
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1695:9781873877456
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1676:9780750948791
1672:
1668:
1667:History Press
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1610:
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1597:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1542:
1538:
1537:Edward Wilson
1534:
1528:
1525:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
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1357:
1351:
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1335:
1331:
1327:
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1245:
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1181:
1174:
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1156:
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1143:
1140:
1135:
1133:9781611494679
1129:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1113:
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1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:9780393083231
1030:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1001:
997:
991:
988:
983:
976:
973:
960:
959:
951:
948:
944:
943:Williams 2008
939:
936:
923:
919:
918:
913:
907:
905:
901:
897:
896:Williams 2008
892:
889:
885:
884:Williams 2008
880:
877:
873:
872:Williams 2008
868:
865:
861:
860:Williams 2008
856:
853:
849:
848:Williams 2008
844:
841:
836:
832:
826:
823:
819:
818:Williams 2008
814:
811:
808:, p. 26.
807:
806:Williams 2008
802:
799:
796:, p. 24.
795:
794:Williams 2008
790:
787:
783:
782:Williams 2008
778:
775:
771:
770:Williams 2008
766:
763:
759:
758:Williams 2008
754:
751:
748:, p. 17.
747:
746:Williams 2008
742:
739:
733:
731:
729:
728:
723:
722:Stephen Moore
719:
718:
713:
709:
708:
702:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
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649:
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642:
638:
630:
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623:
620:
616:
613:
609:
608:
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598:
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590:
582:
580:
576:
568:
564:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
540:
538:
537:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
507:
503:
500:
496:
495:McMurdo Sound
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
474:
469:
468:
463:
455:
451:
444:
440:
433:
430:
428:
426:
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419:
418:
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407:
404:
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388:
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378:
373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
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344:
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334:
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326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
306:
301:
299:
295:
290:
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
269:ornithologist
266:
261:
257:
245:
242:
241:
239:
235:
219:
214:
210:
206:
199:
197:
193:
191:
189:
185:
184:
181:
176:
175:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
149:ornithologist
146:
143:
141:Occupation(s)
139:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
103:
94:29 March 1912
93:
89:
84:
67:
63:
59:
54:
49:
43:Edward Wilson
40:
37:
33:
19:
4857:
4845:Pole of Cold
4843:
4791:
4769:
4760:
4728:
4721:
4697:
4668:
4654:
4648:Borchgrevink
4640:
4627:
4612:
4592:
4577:
4546:
4527:
4520:
4504:
4490:
4481:
4464:
4457:
4438:
4426:
4402:
4388:
4381:
4369:
4355:
4341:
4327:
4320:
4281:
4273:
4259:
4252:
4250:
4232:
4224:
4217:
4204:
4195:
4168:
4157:
4149:
4140:
4133:
4121:
4114:
4100:
4088:Pourquoi-Pas
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4058:Orcadas Base
4056:
4048:
4035:
4029:C. A. Larsen
4017:
4009:
3995:
3988:
3975:
3967:
3961:Borchgrevink
3954:
3946:
3903:
3895:
3870:C. A. Larsen
3863:
3844:
3835:
3817:
3799:
3790:
3777:
3762:
3753:
3740:
3701:
3687:
3680:
3661:
3646:
3556:
3549:
3532:
3525:
3511:
3496:
3482:
3469:
3444:
3430:
3428:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3370:
3363:
3344:
3310:
3308:
3294:
3292:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3242:
3240:
3221:
3097:
3055:
3038:
3006:
2970:
2968:
2948:
2947:
2927:
2926:
2912:
2899:
2884:
2870:
2861:
2848:
2819:
2807:Investigator
2806:
2797:
2773:
2760:
2752:
2743:
2730:
2701:
2678:
2663:
2648:
2618:
2603:
2573:
2492:
2472:
2443:
2439:Erik the Red
2421:
2399:
2392:
2349:submersibles
2346:
2340:Arktika 2007
2338:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2305:
2296:
2293:
2274:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2229:
2222:
2198:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2173:
2139:
2137:
2108:
2105:
2094:S. A. Andrée
2086:
2073:
2048:
2040:
2037:
2013:
1995:
1982:
1973:
1955:
1946:
1944:
1910:
1766:Open Library
1723:
1704:
1685:
1662:
1649:
1636:
1623:
1604:
1585:
1566:
1559:Bibliography
1545:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1517:18 September
1515:. Retrieved
1504:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1474:
1465:
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104:, Antarctica
96:(1912-03-29)
79:23 July 1872
36:
4946:1912 deaths
4941:1872 births
4548:Lake Vostok
4498:Tryoshnikov
4420:Schlossbach
4311:Christensen
4253:James Caird
4174:E. R. Evans
3940:Dobrowolski
3910:de Gerlache
3612:Expeditions
3498:Aviaarktika
3452:Samoylovich
3323:Kolomeitsev
3217:Middendorff
3177:Gedenshtrom
2597:I. Fyodorov
2359:Chilingarov
2247:E. Fyodorov
1854:Expeditions
1654:John Murray
1641:John Murray
1628:John Murray
1547:5 September
1485:26 November
1455:26 November
1425:26 November
1400:26 November
1370:26 November
1340:26 November
1219:26 November
691:blue plaque
689:There is a
680:Hesters Way
556:Edgar Evans
308:he went to
305:Shurdington
4910:Categories
4771:Terra Nova
4676:Shackleton
4619:J. C. Ross
4578:Resolution
4568:South Pole
4343:New Swabia
4267:Mackintosh
4239:Shackleton
4158:Terra Nova
4151:Terra Nova
3885:Heroic Age
3845:Challenger
3805:J. C. Ross
3715:Bransfield
3647:Resolution
3562:icebreaker
3526:Chelyuskin
3267:expedition
3245:Expedition
3187:Matyushkin
3145:Kh. Laptev
3140:Chelyuskin
3034:Heemskerck
3024:Chancellor
3019:Willoughby
3014:Koch boats
2957:Stefansson
2891:McClintock
2855:Inglefield
2697:J. C. Ross
2604:Resolution
2456:Cunningham
2354:Sagalevich
2043:expedition
2002:Stephenson
1962:C. F. Hall
1949:expedition
1923:J. C. Ross
1886:Heemskerck
1873:North Pole
1665:. Stroud:
1652:. London:
1639:. London:
1626:. London:
1614:0713704314
1595:0713704594
1576:0713705620
1445:The Wilson
695:Paddington
661:Terra Nova
645:The Wilson
637:Terra Nova
597:South Pole
499:South Pole
491:Cape Evans
487:Terra Nova
475:Expedition
473:Terra Nova
467:Terra Nova
434:Expedition
432:Terra Nova
425:Expedition
399:Expedition
382:Expedition
374:Antarctica
331:degree at
325:asceticism
292:school in
289:Cheltenham
283:Early life
198:expedition
196:Terra Nova
190:expedition
83:Cheltenham
75:1872-07-23
4870:Tolstikov
4656:Discovery
4626:HMS
4611:HMS
4593:Adventure
4591:HMS
4576:HMS
4512:Tolstikov
4233:Endurance
4018:Antarctic
4003:Drygalski
3976:Discovery
3969:Discovery
3930:Arctowski
3843:HMS
3816:HMS
3810:Abernethy
3798:HMS
3776:USS
3763:Vincennes
3761:USS
3741:Astrolabe
3681:San Telmo
3662:Adventure
3660:HMS
3645:HMS
3640:Kerguelen
3602:Continent
3587:Antarctic
3464:Urvantsev
3422:Vilkitsky
3275:Jeannette
3273:USS
3265:Jeannette
3229:Weyprecht
3207:Pakhtusov
3157:Chichagov
3150:D. Laptev
3093:Permyakov
3068:Stadukhin
3063:Perfilyev
3040:Mangazeya
2978:H. Larsen
2943:Rasmussen
2898:HMS
2869:USS
2818:HMS
2805:HMS
2769:Collinson
2759:HMS
2751:HMS
2729:HMS
2677:HMS
2662:HMS
2647:HMS
2632:Mackenzie
2619:Discovery
2617:HMS
2602:HMS
2574:Discovery
2553:Frobisher
2516:Rasmussen
2429:Gunnbjörn
2375:Greenland
2304:USS
2295:USS
2167:Ellsworth
2109:Roosevelt
2039:Nansen's
1996:Discovery
1994:HMS
1981:HMS
1928:Abernethy
1896:Marmaduke
1193:24 August
734:Footnotes
655:Discovery
653:RRS
521:, to the
412:Discovery
397:Discovery
380:Discovery
337:Battersea
320:in 1894.
277:physician
188:Discovery
167:Employers
157:physician
110:Education
85:, England
4882:A. Fuchs
4839:V. Fuchs
4819:McKinley
4782:E. Evans
4741:Bjaaland
4736:Amundsen
4686:Marshall
4599:Furneaux
4451:V. Fuchs
4415:E. Ronne
4410:F. Ronne
4349:Ritscher
4203:SY
4191:Filchner
4135:Framheim
4129:Amundsen
3935:Racoviță
3920:Amundsen
3915:Lecointe
3784:Ringgold
3778:Porpoise
3668:Furneaux
3504:Shevelev
3459:Begichev
3438:Amundsen
3400:Nagórski
3378:Brusilov
3372:Sv. Anna
3286:Melville
3256:Palander
3212:Tsivolko
3172:Sannikov
3167:Billings
3110:Chirikov
3029:Barentsz
2971:St. Roch
2962:Bartlett
2936:Amundsen
2920:Sverdrup
2820:Resolute
2709:Franklin
2637:Kotzebue
2504:Sverdrup
2487:Scoresby
2461:Lindenov
2312:Plaisted
2297:Nautilus
2242:Shirshov
2216:Belyakov
2211:Baydukov
2185:Nautilus
2147:Amundsen
2107:SS
2066:Sverdrup
2061:Johansen
2031:Brainard
2026:Lockwood
1881:Barentsz
1541:Archived
1511:Archived
1506:BBC News
1479:Archived
1449:Archived
1394:Archived
1364:Archived
1334:Archived
1310:18 April
1304:Archived
1280:16 April
1274:Archived
1272:. SPRI.
1250:18 April
1244:Archived
1240:BBC News
1213:Archived
1000:Archived
965:16 April
928:15 April
922:Archived
287:Born in
4887:Messner
4834:Hillary
4814:Balchen
4762:Polheim
4756:Wisting
4634:Crozier
4606:Weddell
4584:J. Cook
4554:Kapitsa
4535:Fiennes
4477:Klenova
4446:Hillary
4396:Ketchum
4322:BANZARE
4297:·
4142:Polheim
4108:Shirase
4094:Charcot
3904:Belgica
3823:Crozier
3735:Morrell
3730:Weddell
3708:Lazarev
3653:J. Cook
3607:History
3557:Arktika
3533:Krassin
3518:Voronin
3490:Schmidt
3476:Ushakov
3415:Vaygach
3383:Albanov
3352:Rusanov
3333:Kolchak
3328:Matisen
3302:Makarov
3281:De Long
3182:Wrangel
3162:Lyakhov
3115:Malygin
3073:Dezhnev
2900:Pandora
2871:Advance
2838:Kennedy
2833:Belcher
2826:Kellett
2813:McClure
2737:Beechey
2731:Blossom
2724:Simpson
2692:Crozier
2685:Hoppner
2642:J. Ross
2610:J. Cook
2558:Gilbert
2451:J. Hall
2417:Ingólfr
2407:Naddodd
2401:Vikings
2388:Brendan
2383:Pytheas
2371:Iceland
2325:Arktika
2317:Herbert
2282:Badygin
2252:Krenkel
2237:Papanin
2206:Chkalov
2192:Wilkins
2157:Wisting
2101:F. Cook
2007:Markham
1967:Bessels
1956:Polaris
1947:Polaris
1918:J. Ross
1901:Carolus
1849:History
1778:at the
591:by the
479:Madeira
464:on the
462:Cardiff
417:Morning
231:
223:
4797:Bowers
4792:Wilson
4751:Hassel
4746:Helmer
4715:Mackay
4705:Mawson
4670:Nimrod
4628:Terror
4613:Erebus
4540:Burton
4335:Rymill
4211:Mawson
4205:Aurora
4184:Lashly
4169:Wilson
4072:Nimrod
4049:Scotia
3856:Murray
3831:Cooper
3818:Terror
3800:Erebus
3769:Wilkes
3720:Palmer
3688:Vostok
3635:Bouvet
3559:-class
3539:Gakkel
3407:Taymyr
3388:Konrad
3357:Kuchin
3295:Yermak
3202:Lavrov
3120:Ovtsyn
3105:Bering
3083:Ivanov
3046:Hudson
3008:Pomors
2985:Cowper
2950:Karluk
2849:Isabel
2843:Bellot
2793:Austin
2761:Terror
2753:Erebus
2649:Griper
2625:Clerke
2585:Baffin
2568:Hudson
2499:Nansen
2412:Garðar
2333:Barneo
2200:ANT-25
2176:Italia
2152:Nobile
2121:Henson
2080:Amedeo
2056:Nansen
2021:Greely
1891:Hudson
1829:Arctic
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1105:5 July
1060:5 July
1031:
1006:5 July
583:Legacy
454:Bowers
423:Nimrod
246:(1913)
237:Awards
212:Spouse
161:artist
4877:Crary
4824:Dufek
4787:Oates
4777:Scott
4710:David
4691:Adams
4662:Barne
4483:Mirny
4472:Somov
4282:Quest
4179:Crean
4164:Scott
4043:Bruce
3997:Gauss
3990:Gauss
3864:Jason
3851:Nares
3725:Davis
3702:Mirny
3675:Smith
3630:Roché
3550:Lenin
3470:Sadko
3395:Wiese
3340:Sedov
3311:Zarya
3234:Payer
3197:Litke
3192:Anjou
3125:Minin
3088:Vagin
3078:Popov
3051:Poole
2906:Young
2719:Dease
2664:Hecla
2655:Parry
2580:Bylot
2563:Davis
2538:Cabot
2511:Peary
2493:Jason
2480:Egede
2394:Papar
2306:Skate
2287:Wiese
2267:NP-37
2260:NP-36
2140:Norge
2128:Sedov
2116:Peary
2074:Jason
1989:Nares
1983:Alert
1938:Hayes
1906:Parry
1844:Ocean
1187:(PDF)
1176:(PDF)
225:(
221:
4809:Byrd
4730:Fram
4681:Wild
4363:Marr
4329:BGLE
4316:Byrd
4244:Wild
4123:Fram
3925:Cook
3446:AARI
3431:Maud
3318:Toll
3243:Vega
2929:Gjøa
2914:Fram
2877:Kane
2714:Back
2679:Fury
2670:Lyon
2592:Munk
2231:NP-1
2133:Byrd
2050:Fram
2041:Fram
1933:Kane
1728:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1549:2017
1519:2013
1487:2018
1457:2018
1427:2018
1402:2018
1372:2018
1342:2018
1312:2019
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1252:2019
1221:2018
1195:2015
1128:ISBN
1107:2020
1062:2020
1029:ISBN
1008:2020
967:2019
930:2019
651:The
517:and
91:Died
65:Born
4506:3rd
4492:2nd
4466:1st
4299:IGY
4295:IPY
2885:Fox
2781:Rae
2347:Mir
2323:NS
1764:at
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1085:7–8
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