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317:, promised to improve the quality of life of Polish workers by raising wages and stabilizing prices. In his letter Lipiński wrote "Socialism cannot be decreed. It is and may only be born of free actions of free people" and pledged that "the movement of revival shall gain strength and the recently intensified repression will not contain it for much longer…" Lipinski's letter came at the time of renewal of
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independent trade union first national congress, announcing the disbanding of the KOR. He heralded the arrival of
Solidarity as a political force, saying "The KOR has recognized that its work has ended, and that other forces have arrived on a much more powerful scale. But the task of fighting for an
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Lipiński is the author of nearly 200 books and essays on subjects ranging from the theory of economic fluctuations, a field upon which he wielded a great influence, to industrial performance, prices and planning, market structures, and in his early career, social issues. A great deal of his work was
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and others gave assistance to worker protest participants jailed after the widespread strikes. Lipiński was one of the elder distinguished members of the organization, whose presence added a degree of protection from the authorities. The assistance provided by the KOR and the continual activities of
262:, Lipinski warned that "over-organization" of economic policy and rigid adherence to the party line, even in the face of rapidly changing conditions that required immediate action beyond the scope of the routine, would stifle growth. Because of his criticism, when the hard line Stalinist faction of
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of 1956, Lipiński briefly returned as an economic advisor, but when the new government lost its zeal to reform, he became sidelined again. His candidature was one of many that were put forward by the people, but discarded by the government screening commission in the
106:, intellectual, social critic and human rights advocate. During the almost seven decades of his career, he held a series of academic and government advisory positions, founded several organizations, published books and essays on economic policy. His works concerned
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of the PZPR, criticizing the drastic price increase on foodstuffs that Gierek imposed in an attempt to balance Poland's import-based economy that relied heavily on
Western loans. Gierek, who came to power after the overthrow of
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dedicated to socio-economic research. Never relying solely on mathematical models and theory to predict and explain economical phenomena, Lipiński is known for the emphasis on human creativity and spontaneity. In his seminal
209:. Being Poland's foremost economist, Lipiński was also a notable author whose works are widely read in his native Poland, though many have not yet been translated into English. In 1938, he actively opposed the
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economist shielded him to certain extent from government persecution and allowed him to say things many others were unable to. Till the very end he remained convinced that some form of
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359:, Lipiński posits that economics are a "complex social phenomena" and he draws on sociology and psychology to explain trends, as much as he relies on mathematics.
328:, which marked the beginning of successful cooperation of workers and intellectuals. Also known as the KOR, this group founded by Edward Lipiński,
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gained power in 1949, Lipiński was forced to resign as chair of economics at the university and banned from delivering some of his lectures.
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and the Polish
Economic Association. He also served as president of the Economic Association (1945–65), was editor of the periodical
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Throughout his postwar career, he frequently clashed with communist government economists regarding their inflexibility in applying
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party, which forced him to resign from his position at the School of
Economics. During the occupation of Poland in
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campaign carried out at institutions of higher learning by Polish nationalistic factions and supported by the
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The
Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositional Politics 1976-1980
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He organized and directed the
Institute of Prices and Business Cycles in 1928. From 1929, he was
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138:. Outspoken in his criticism of government policies, he became active in opposition circles.
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Lipiński became one of the prominent critics of the government. His position as a known
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independent Poland, for human and civil rights, is a fight that still must go on."
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and other areas of economics. Lipiński was a fighter for Polish independence and a
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Recipients of the Medal of the 10th
Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland
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Abraham
Brumberg, Edward Lipinski, Jan Litynski, “After Gdańsk: Two Interviews,”
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Studies in
Economic Theory and Practice: Essays in Honor of Edward Lipinski
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Chair of
Economics, Higher Academy of International Trade (1930-retirement)
293:. He signed three public letters criticizing the communist government: the
182:. After World War I, in early independent Poland, he participated in the
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In the spring of 1976, Lipiński sent an open letter to First Secretary
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Polish economist, intellectual, and human rights activist (1888–1986)
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Founder and Head of the Institute of Trade Cycles and Prices (1928)
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of 1980 possible. On 23 September 1981, Lipiński gave a speech to
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and became one of the economic advisors to the Polish government.
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This article is about the economist. For the orientalist, see
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its members helped, after another wave of strikes, make the
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After the war, he was briefly the chair of economics at the
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Chair of Economics, Warsaw University (post World War II)
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Studies in the History of Polish Economic Thought (1956)
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New York: North Holland Publishing Company, 1981, ix-x.
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Founding member Workers' Defense Committee, KOR (1976)
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Selected bibliography of texts available in English:
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Director of the Institute of National Economy (1956)
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The letter also coincided with the formation of the
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305:in 1976. In 1977 he was expelled from the PZPR.
102:(October 18, 1888 – July 13, 1986) was a Polish
258:'s economic principles. An outspoken critic of
158:. He was briefly jailed in 1906 for protesting
372:Development of Agriculture and Industry (1955)
540:Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work
369:Karl Marx and the Problems of Our Time (1969)
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545:Recipients of the State Award Badge (Poland)
446:Vol. 14, No.2 (Jun, 1976), pp. 478–480.
535:Academic staff of the University of Warsaw
247:, he became a member of the new communist
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520:Members of the Workers' Defence Committee
449:"Obituary of Professor Edward Lipinski,"
490:Edward Lipiński - ekonomista, socjalista
478:Edward Lipinski, "Lipinski's Farewell,"
438:Karol Marks i Zagadnienia Wspolczesnosci
134:economist and a long-term member of the
388:President Bank of Economic Developments
205:('The Economist'), and a member of the
413:President Polish Academy of Economists
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429:N. Assorodobraj-Kula et al., eds.,
385:Member Polish United Workers' Party
391:Minister of the Statistical Office
357:Karl Marx and Problems of Our Time
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166:from 1909 to 1912, he obtained a
142:Life, career and social activism
482:Vol. 28, No. 18 (Nov. 19, 1981)
475:Vol. 27, No. 15 (Oct. 9, 1980)
443:Journal of Economic Literature
377:Memberships and positions held
130:, Lipiński was an influential
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382:Member Polish Socialist Party
235:Lipiński was a member of the
21:Edward Lipiński (orientalist)
249:Polish United Workers' Party
162:rule in Poland. Educated in
436:Andrzej Brzeski, review of
276:Polish legislative election
116:history of economic thought
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326:Workers' Defence Committee
221:, Professor Lipiński held
207:Polish Academy of Sciences
199:Central Statistical Office
195:Warsaw School of Economics
86:, university teacher
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419:Solidarity advisor (1981)
319:massive strikes and riots
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480:New York Review of Books
472:New York Review of Books
128:Polish People's Republic
458:Bernhard, Michael H.,
440:, by Edward Lipinski,
237:Polish Socialist Party
215:Camp of National Unity
124:Second Polish Republic
245:Polish Workers' Party
146:Lipiński was born at
52:18 October 1888
230:University of Warsaw
176:University of Zurich
464:Columbia University
330:Stanisław Barańczak
223:underground classes
67:13 July 1986
530:Polish economists
525:Polish dissidents
488:Witold Gadomski,
466:Press, 1993), 76.
315:Władysław Gomułka
289:is preferable to
197:. He founded the
184:Polish–Soviet War
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334:Jan Józef Lipski
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108:business cycles
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295:Letter of 34
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219:World War II
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515:1986 deaths
510:1888 births
486:(in Polish)
462:(New York:
410:(1928-1978)
321:in Poland.
211:antisemitic
180:World War I
148:Nowe Miasto
504:Categories
424:References
406:Editor of
343:Solidarity
291:capitalism
269:After the
241:PPS-Lewica
203:Ekonomista
84:Politician
80:Occupation
452:The Times
287:socialism
278:in 1957.
260:Stalinism
256:Karl Marx
191:professor
178:prior to
174:from the
172:economics
168:doctorate
126:. In the
120:socialist
104:economist
75:(aged 97)
251:(PZPR).
283:Marxist
193:in the
164:Leipzig
160:Tsarist
154:in the
132:Marxian
350:Works
64:Died
49:Born
170:in
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