768:
1161:
750:, as he won by a plurality of nearly 800,000. Encouraged by an outpour of positive support, Brooke continued to offer blunt criticisms of the Republicans, though he began softening his rhetoric by proposing strategies to rebuild the Republican party. This included an off-year national convention to "hammer out an agreement for the future of the party" and "draft a responsible platform to address bread-and-butter issues". By 1965, Brooke had emerged as the main Republican spokesman for racial equality, despite "never rallying his race to challenge segregation barriers with the inspirational fervor of a
909:
3706:
1102:
51:
6824:
1392:
1354:, announced an investigation into statements Brooke made in the divorce case. Prosecutors eventually determined that Brooke had made false statements about his finances during the divorce, and that they were pertinent, but not material enough to have affected the outcome. Brooke was not charged with a crime, but the negative publicity cost him some support in his 1978 reelection campaign, and as a result he lost to
585:—then one of the most prestigious academic high schools for African Americans—and graduated in 1936. After graduating, he enrolled in Howard University, where he first considered studying in medicine, before ending up studying social studies and political science. Brooke graduated from university in 1941, with a bachelor of science degree, After serving in the US Army during World War II, Brooke graduated from the
397:
668:. Brooke didn't affiliate with both of the major parties, choosing instead to run in both the Democratic and Republican primaries. He won the Republican nomination, and was endorsed by the party, but lost the general election in a landslide to his Democratic opponent. Two years later, he ran again for the same seat, but again lost the election to the same Democratic opponent. In
1023:
688:
470:
in 1874 to have been elected to the United States Senate and he was the first
African-American United States senator since 1881 to have held a United States Senate seat. Edward Brooke was also the first African-American United States senator ever to have been re-elected to the United States Senate.
825:
invited the new senator to join them in the water. "There was no hesitation or ill will that I could see. Yet these were men who consistently voted against legislation that would have provided equal opportunity to others of my race ... it was increasingly evident that some members of the Senate
1199:
that Brooke had falsely answered questions about whether he or the assistant had tried to improperly influence HUD officials on behalf of housing and real estate developers who had paid large consulting fees to Brooke. The HUD investigation ended with no charges being brought against Brooke.
745:
as the
Republican party's nominee for president, Brooke found Goldwater's nomination offensive. He publicly broke with the party, and implored Republicans "not to invest in the 'pseudo-conservatism' of zealots". His public repudiation of Goldwater actually helped Brooke win re-election in
869:
that increased negotiations with the North
Vietnamese rather than an escalation of the fighting were needed. He began to favor President Johnson's "patient" approach to Vietnam as he had been convinced that "the enemy is not disposed to participate in any meaningful negotiations".
797:
wrote, "no measurable bearing" on the election as less than 3% of the state's population was black, and
Peabody also supported civil rights for blacks. Brooke said, "I do not intend to be a national leader of the Negro people", and the magazine said that he "condemned both
644:. His time in the army also changed his perception of race, with him meeting his future-wife Remigia Ferrari-Scacco in Italy. He reasoned that "race had not mattered during our courtship in Italy, and therefore it should not have mattered in the United States".
1075:". He repeated the recommendation in a meeting with Nixon at the White House on November 13, 1973. He had risen to become the ranking Republican on the Senate Banking Committee and on two powerful Appropriations subcommittees, Labor,
1179:
After leaving the Senate, Brooke practiced law in
Washington, D.C., first as a partner at the Washington firm of O'Connor & Hannan; later of counsel to Csaplar & Bok in Boston. He also served as chairman of the board of the
834:
A member of the moderate-to-liberal
Northeastern wing of the Republican Party, Brooke organized the Senate's "Wednesday Club" of progressive Republicans who met for Wednesday lunches and strategy discussions. Brooke, who supported
6196:
6191:
1215:, an African-American fraternity. The Council's purpose is to expand the fraternity's involvement in politics, and social and current policy to encompass international concerns. In 2006 Brooke served as the council's chairman
6203:
5944:
3467:
6919:
3537:
6208:
2669:
6959:
705:
sought to reward Brooke for his efforts, and offered him a number of jobs, most of them judicial in nature. Seeking a position with a higher political profile, Brooke eventually accepted the position of
893:
Dissatisfied with the weakened enforcement provisions that emerged from the legislative process, Brooke repeatedly proposed stronger provisions during his Senate career. In 1969, Congress enacted the "
5879:
897:" to the federal publicly assisted housing program which limited the tenants' out-of-pocket rent expenditure to 25 percent of their income. Additionally, Brooke voted in favor of the confirmation of
767:
2752:
1942:
6859:
1283:, presented on October 28, 2009, two days after Brooke's 90th birthday At his 2009 Congressional Gold Medal Acceptance speech, Brooke scolded policymakers for excessive partisan bickering.
1196:
1420:
3530:
1448:
6949:
6729:
6724:
6273:
5005:
4862:
3290:
2007:
6536:
4993:
676:; he won the Republican nomination, becoming the first black person to be nominated for statewide office in Massachusetts. However, he lost the election to future-mayor of Boston
6929:
6874:
6408:
549:. After leaving the Senate, Brooke practiced law in Washington, D.C., and was affiliated with various businesses and nonprofit organizations. Brooke died in 2015, at his home in
3275:
1149:
3401:
3397:
3393:
2561:
1052:
779:
542:
530:
506:
6939:
5103:
3523:
6914:
6909:
5692:
4827:
3546:
3432:
6864:
6186:
6884:
6879:
6734:
5974:
1415:
954:
departed from her planned speech to rebut Brooke's words, affirming the "indispensable task of criticizing and constructive protest," for which she was featured in
1137:
and in the House–Senate
Conference until his defeat. The press again speculated on his possible candidacy for the Vice Presidency as Gerald Ford's running mate in
6803:
6778:
1040:
710:, where he investigated financial irregularities and uncovered evidence of corruption in city affairs. He was described in the press as having "the tenacity of a
652:
After graduating from Boston
University, Brooke worked as a lawyer. He declined offers to join established law firms, instead opening his own law practice in the
1079:(HHS) and Foreign Operations. From these positions, Brooke defended and strengthened the programs he supported; for example, he was a leader in enactment of the
6788:
6783:
5715:
1067:
Before the first year of his second term ended, Brooke became the first
Republican to call on President Nixon to resign, on November 4, 1973, shortly after the
714:", and it was reported that he "restore to vigorous life an agency which many had thought moribund." He parlayed his achievements into a successful election as
5163:
873:
By his second year in the Senate, Brooke had taken his place as a leading advocate against discrimination in housing and on behalf of affordable housing. With
806:" as extremists; his historic election nonetheless gave Brooke "a 50-state constituency", the magazine wrote, "a power base that no other Senator can claim".
6934:
6889:
6504:
6340:
6049:
6039:
5697:
5687:
1133:
fought, eventually successfully, to prohibit funding for abortions of low-income women insured by
Medicaid. Brooke led the fight against restrictions in the
886:
570:
6546:
6318:
3007:
673:
526:
865:
on a three-week trip as a fact-finding mission. During his first formal speech in the Senate following the trip, he reversed his previous position on the
6954:
6944:
6766:
5710:
5705:
3929:
3153:
2863:
1984:
1300:
The Edward W. Brooke Courthouse (dedicated June 20, 2000) in Boston; part of the Massachusetts Trial Court system and houses the Central Division of the
1251:, but was pragmatic about it; he still allowed that "There are things that people can't do for themselves and therefore government must do it for them".
6425:
5929:
5038:
1121:
at stake, Brooke faced Stennis in "extended debate" and won the Senate's support for the extension. In 1976, he also took on the role of supporter of
6899:
6773:
6403:
5924:
5146:
4978:
3898:
1861:
1255:
1138:
1048:
1036:
1059:
by a vote of 64%–35%. Edward Brooke was the first African-American United States senator ever to have been re-elected to the United States Senate.
701:
Despite losing the secretary's race to White, the closeness of the results led to Republican leaders taking notice of Brooke's potential. Governor
6869:
6739:
6699:
6541:
6445:
6374:
5979:
928:
630:
617:. Brooke spent 195 days with his unit in Italy. There, his fluent Italian and his light skin enabled him to cross enemy lines to communicate with
574:
410:
6798:
6793:
6761:
6531:
6435:
6398:
6179:
3755:
3585:
3188:
1309:
665:
491:
4940:
4935:
6756:
6714:
6526:
5074:
4820:
3735:
3210:
3117:
2728:
2438:
2364:
2106:
2036:
1887:
1739:
1505:
1181:
582:
2694:
2426:
And he introduced and passed the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which leveled the playing field for women seeking access to credit and loans.
889:
as the primary enforcer of the law. President Johnson signed the Fair Housing Act into law on April 11, one week after the assassination of
6924:
6704:
6689:
6553:
6462:
6457:
6391:
4852:
3298:
2886:
1410:
809:
Brooke said "In all my years in the Senate, I never encountered an overt act of hostility". He recalled visiting the swimming pool at the
998:
opinion) was confirmed on May 12, 1970, with Brooke voting in favor. On December 6, 1971, Brooke voted in favor of Nixon's nomination of
984:
on November 21, 1969. A few months later, he again organized sufficient Republican support to defeat Nixon's third Supreme Court nominee
6679:
6516:
6486:
6268:
5847:
5059:
3775:
3765:
1447:
was the first African American elected to the Senate, elected by the Mississippi state legislature to a full term in 1874. Prior to the
913:
636:
Brooke's time in the army exposed him to the inequality and racism which existed in the army system. This, combined with the signing of
3185:
U.S. Senator Edward W. Brooke and Governor L. Douglas Wilder Tell Political Scientists How Blacks Can Win High-Profile Statewide Office
3064:
2812:
6904:
6669:
6563:
6479:
6323:
6104:
5904:
5055:
5033:
981:
969:
3033:
2497:
6894:
6816:
5206:
4857:
4493:
3387:
3167:
3043:
2977:
2955:
2847:
2607:
715:
119:
2569:
1160:
664:
Brooke began his foray in politics in 1950, when, at the urging of friends from his former army unit, Brooke ran for a seat in the
3195:
2794:
6744:
6709:
6694:
6452:
6054:
5298:
5268:
5084:
4813:
3705:
3374:
510:
455:
242:
733:; an indictment against Furcolo was dismissed due to lack of evidence. He also coordinated with local police departments on the
6751:
6674:
6469:
6345:
6313:
6044:
5909:
5614:
5253:
3750:
1912:
1627:
1405:
1351:
1134:
610:
586:
479:
426:
6521:
6415:
6330:
5934:
3340:
2523:
1324:
924:
810:
463:
31:
589:
in 1948. "I never studied much at Howard," he later reflected, "but at Boston University, I didn't do much else but study."
6558:
6491:
6474:
6420:
6369:
6308:
6213:
6174:
6114:
5914:
5303:
5283:
5090:
5069:
2331:
2298:
2265:
2232:
2166:
2133:
1967:
1291:
1275:
1169:
352:
6381:
6357:
6352:
6335:
6303:
6246:
5359:
5308:
5141:
3891:
2199:
1305:
1173:
1095:
1080:
747:
719:
669:
614:
499:
327:
2081:
1297:
Jeremy Nicholson Negro Achievement Award, acknowledging his outstanding contributions to the African-American community
6646:
6638:
6581:
6496:
5984:
5889:
5745:
5727:
5629:
5288:
5258:
4983:
4903:
4882:
3945:
3575:
1377:
1376:, at age 95. At the time of his death, he was the last living former U.S. senator born in the 1910s. He was buried at
850:'s, often differed with President Nixon on matters of social policy and civil rights. In 1967, Brooke was awarded the
232:
2544:
1662:
6664:
6601:
6591:
6141:
5899:
5859:
5216:
4910:
2468:
1236:
908:
6573:
6386:
6218:
5779:
5278:
5116:
4923:
4761:
1076:
783:
707:
495:
6263:
5827:
5740:
5384:
5173:
4988:
4928:
4918:
4844:
4585:
4201:
3985:
3690:
3333:
3234:
1280:
882:
878:
677:
522:
358:
2871:
1035:
Despite Brooke's disagreements with Nixon, the president reportedly respected the senator's abilities; after
6596:
6146:
5800:
5769:
5549:
5489:
5354:
5097:
4129:
3884:
3625:
1130:
1072:
946:'s commencement against "coercive protest" and was understood by some students as calling protesters "elite
573:, and his mother was Helen (née Seldon) Brooke. He was the second of three children. Brooke was raised in a
518:
400:
163:
6511:
6241:
5479:
5273:
5263:
5201:
5011:
4950:
4657:
4641:
4521:
4265:
4257:
4185:
4073:
4049:
4033:
1301:
1232:
1195:
In 1992, a Brooke assistant stated in a plea agreement as part of an investigation into corruption at the
890:
751:
602:
1780:
1346:
Brooke went through a divorce late in his second term. His finances were investigated by the Senate, and
6586:
6099:
5964:
5919:
5735:
5454:
5419:
5238:
5221:
5028:
4945:
4601:
4357:
4209:
3969:
3830:
3745:
3665:
3378:
3196:
Goldwaterism Triumphant?: Race and the Debate Among Republicans over the Direction of the GOP, 1964–1968
2910:
1373:
818:
790:
772:
641:
550:
221:
1476:
1098:, which guarantees equal educational opportunity (including athletic participation) to girls and women.
1148:
In Massachusetts, Brooke's support among Catholics weakened due to his stance on abortion. During the
462:
elected to the United States Senate by popular vote. Prior to serving in the Senate, he served as the
6854:
6849:
6828:
6236:
5999:
5810:
5762:
5634:
5524:
5429:
5196:
5186:
5158:
5023:
4877:
4705:
4097:
4089:
4001:
3977:
3840:
3820:
3675:
3425:
3416:
3367:
1975:
1397:
1337:
1313:
1204:
637:
451:
99:
71:
2779:
1101:
6616:
6611:
5969:
5884:
5364:
5153:
5043:
4973:
4233:
4081:
4025:
3953:
3921:
3640:
3270:
3003:
1440:
1248:
999:
985:
729:
and corruption, securing convictions against a number of members of the administration of governor
321:
3232:
Becker, John F.; Heaton, Eugene E. Jr. (Autumn 1967). "The Election of Senator Edward W. Brooke".
2720:
2446:
2372:
1735:
6684:
6621:
6364:
5822:
5589:
5569:
5474:
5399:
5226:
5131:
5121:
5109:
5000:
4897:
4872:
4745:
4609:
4577:
4177:
4137:
4057:
3825:
3795:
3630:
3087:
3065:"'The Challenge of Change': Edward Brooke, The Republican Party, and the Struggle for Redemption"
2032:
1366:
1320:
977:
902:
843:
799:
622:
598:
533:, after defeating attorney John Droney. Brooke became a prominent critic of Republican President
483:
467:
377:
2896:
2637:
919:
During the Nixon presidency, Brooke opposed repeated Administration attempts to close down the
6131:
5852:
5514:
5484:
5079:
4836:
4785:
4169:
4145:
4009:
3805:
3760:
3740:
3725:
3655:
3650:
3580:
3492:
3206:
3163:
3113:
3039:
2843:
2820:
2603:
1943:"Edward W. Brooke, first African-American elected to the US Senate since Reconstruction, dies"
1513:
1343:
in the 1970s. Walters stated that the affair was ended to protect their careers from scandal.
1286:
1240:
1118:
1106:
1011:
1003:
943:
932:
898:
836:
626:
618:
606:
566:
538:
475:
459:
317:
6287:
6258:
6253:
6151:
6119:
6092:
5817:
5434:
5404:
5394:
5389:
4956:
4649:
4301:
4293:
4269:
4225:
3961:
3695:
3590:
3570:
3515:
3350:
3243:
3079:
2891:
2824:
1231:
Edward Brooke was a self-described moderate or liberal Republican, generally referred to as
965:
947:
894:
839:
786:
734:
514:
331:
175:
143:
2041:
1125:. The Appropriations bill for HHS became the battleground over this issue because it funds
976:. Brooke was a leader of the bipartisan coalition that defeated the Senate confirmation of
474:
Born to a middle-class black family, Brooke was raised in Washington, D.C. After attending
446:(October 26, 1919 – January 3, 2015) was an American lawyer and politician who represented
6282:
6109:
6019:
6014:
5795:
5750:
5604:
5594:
5574:
5559:
5459:
5334:
5324:
4963:
4769:
4713:
4349:
4333:
4285:
4249:
4153:
4121:
4113:
4017:
3785:
3670:
3605:
3600:
3560:
1340:
1244:
1220:
1212:
814:
742:
726:
653:
517:
in a landslide, and was seated on January 3, 1967. In the Senate, Brooke aligned with the
2963:
2112:
1663:"Brooke, Edward William, III | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"
6719:
6124:
6087:
6077:
5837:
5832:
5774:
5609:
5539:
5469:
5464:
4968:
4892:
4737:
4561:
4553:
4537:
4505:
4365:
4325:
4277:
4241:
4217:
3937:
3907:
3835:
3815:
3800:
3780:
3770:
3660:
3645:
3635:
3620:
3610:
2670:"Edward W. Brooke, first African American popularly elected to U.S. Senate, dies at 95"
1185:
1165:
1056:
989:
951:
874:
851:
822:
730:
681:
335:
537:, and was the first Senate Republican to call for Nixon's resignation in light of the
50:
6843:
5677:
5659:
5649:
5619:
5564:
5519:
5504:
5449:
5439:
5424:
5374:
5339:
5136:
5064:
4887:
4721:
4625:
4617:
4529:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4373:
4041:
3810:
3730:
3595:
3382:
3198:." Paper presented at the 2006 Conference of the Historical Society, Chapel Hill, NC.
3091:
2408:
1444:
1362:
955:
936:
847:
803:
534:
447:
76:
1916:
5989:
5757:
5682:
5654:
5639:
5624:
5579:
5554:
5534:
5444:
5414:
5409:
5379:
5329:
5181:
4867:
4729:
4697:
4673:
4569:
4545:
4513:
4441:
4389:
4381:
4309:
4193:
4161:
3993:
3850:
3790:
3720:
3685:
3615:
3565:
3449:
2413:
1443:, was appointed by the Mississippi state legislature to an unexpired term in 1870.
1355:
1263:
722:, becoming the first African-American to be elected attorney general of any state.
562:
553:, at the age of 95, and was the last living former U.S. senator born in the 1910s.
546:
502:, becoming the first African-American to be elected attorney general of any state.
490:. Beginning in 1950, he became involved in politics, when he ran for a seat in the
487:
111:
561:
Edward William Brooke III was born on October 26, 1919, in Washington, D.C., to a
5945:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
3157:
3135:
3107:
3083:
6009:
5994:
5842:
5805:
5644:
5599:
5584:
5349:
5344:
5191:
4793:
4689:
4421:
4397:
4317:
3680:
3441:
2936:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1110:
1044:
1007:
994:
973:
866:
565:
black family. His father Edward William Brooke Jr. was a lawyer and graduate of
17:
3283:
1083:, which ensured married women the right to establish credit in their own name.
1006:
as Associate Justice. On December 17, 1975, Brooke voted in favor of President
687:
5544:
5529:
5499:
5494:
5243:
5211:
5050:
5018:
4665:
4633:
4593:
4497:
4477:
4445:
4425:
4413:
4065:
3855:
3507:
3459:
3408:
2623:
1387:
1347:
1208:
1122:
1087:
702:
578:
148:
2978:"Edward W Brooke, first black man to win popular election to US Senate, dies"
1517:
793:
for two terms, from January 3, 1967, to January 3, 1979. The black vote had,
6158:
6004:
5509:
5293:
5231:
5126:
3865:
3477:
1216:
1068:
920:
725:
As attorney general, Brooke gained a reputation as a vigorous prosecutor of
396:
1022:
505:
He served as attorney general for four years, before running for Senate in
2058:
964:
On June 9, 1969, Brooke voted in favor of President Nixon's nomination of
741:
to participate in the investigation. In 1964, following the nomination of
6631:
6626:
6136:
4681:
3876:
3860:
3313:
2600:
Jimmy Carter, the Politics of Family, and the Rise of the Religious Right
1126:
1091:
1039:
he had offered to make Brooke a member of his cabinet, or appoint him as
466:
from 1963 until 1967. Edward Brooke was the first African-American since
2943:. United Press International. August 2, 1978 – via Newspapers.com.
885:, which prohibits discrimination in housing. The Act also created HUD's
581:", with Brooke rarely interacting with the white community. He attended
5248:
2008:"The Color-Blind Commonwealth? Edward Brooke's Senate Campaign in 1966"
1259:
1189:
862:
738:
711:
5880:
Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
6082:
3317:
1622:
Barlow, Rich (February 2015). "Remembering a Pioneering Politician".
4805:
2393:"Brooke Tells Nixon— Face-to-Face— He Should Resign", by Don Irwin,
3247:
1002:, while on December 10, Brooke voted against Nixon's nomination of
5895:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
5894:
1159:
1100:
1021:
907:
855:
766:
686:
5939:
577:
environment that was "insulated from the harsh realities of the
4809:
3880:
3519:
1561:
1152:, the state's bishops spoke in opposition to his leading role.
1145:
calling him an "able legislator and a staunch party loyalist".
737:
case, although the press mocked him for permitting an alleged
1862:"Edward Brooke Served in a Different Era of Senate Politics"
1188:, and one year later was named to the board of directors of
2840:
100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia
1043:. The press discussed Brooke as a possible replacement for
789:
with 1,213,473 votes to Peabody's 744,761, and served as a
6920:
Republican Party United States senators from Massachusetts
2956:"Surprise Role for Ex-Senator: Male Breast Cancer Patient"
3032:
Brooks, F. Erik; Placide, MaCherie M. (October 7, 2019).
2626:. visionaryproject. October 23, 2009 – via YouTube.
846:'s bids for the 1968 GOP presidential nomination against
640:, led him to rethink his support of Democratic President
621:. By the end of the war, Brooke had attained the rank of
6960:
African-American candidates for the United States Senate
3499:
Oldest living United States senator (current or former)
1451:
in 1913, US Senators were elected by state legislatures.
1421:
List of African-American United States Senate candidates
545:, he ran for a third term, but was defeated by Democrat
3256:
Edward W. Brooke, Republican Senator from Massachusetts
3218:
The Challenge of Change: Crisis in our Two-Party System
3194:
Timothy N. Thurber, Virginia Commonwealth University, "
1843:
1841:
1816:
1814:
1536:
1534:
1781:"The Senate: An Individual Who Happens To Be a Negro"
988:
on April 8, 1970. The following month, Nixon nominee
464:
Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
3276:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
2498:"Business People: Boston Bank Names Brooke Chairman"
2083:
Hillary D. Rodham's 1969 Student Commencement Speech
1365:
and assumed a national role in raising awareness of
6657:
6572:
6296:
6229:
6167:
6067:
6028:
5953:
5868:
5788:
5726:
5668:
5317:
5172:
4843:
3713:
3553:
1888:"Edward W. Brooke III, 95, Senate Pioneer, Is Dead"
1506:"Edward W. Brooke III, 95, Senate Pioneer, Is Dead"
1235:. On social issues he was a liberal who supported
684:
saying, "Vote White," a reference to Brooke's race.
416:
406:
391:
383:
373:
368:
345:
310:
302:
248:
238:
228:
211:
190:
185:
169:
157:
136:
117:
105:
93:
70:
41:
3433:United States Senator (Class 2) from Massachusetts
3008:"Edward Brooke — one of the last political giants"
2663:
2661:
2659:
2027:
2025:
1477:"U.S. Senate: Edward Brooke: A Featured Biography"
1113:shortly after taking office in the Senate in 1967.
771:Brooke in 1967 behind a chair emblazoned with the
6860:African-American people in Massachusetts politics
2937:"Sen. Brooke Not To Face Prosecution For Perjury"
2864:"Barbara Walters: I had affair with U.S. senator"
2721:"Former senator awarded Congressional Gold Medal"
1881:
1879:
1736:"Former senator awarded Congressional Gold Medal"
1203:In 1996, Brooke became the first chairman of the
1117:In 1975, with the extension and expansion of the
5930:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
2838:Asante, Molefi Kete (2002). "Edward W. Brooke".
2147:(11). US Government Printing Office: 15195–15196
1031:Relations with the White House and 1972 election
877:, a Minnesota Democrat and fellow member of the
5975:Black players in professional American football
5925:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
2870:. Associated Press. May 1, 2008. Archived from
2813:"Dedication of the Edward W. Brooke Courthouse"
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1416:List of African-American United States senators
1372:On January 3, 2015, Brooke died at his home in
1168:at the Ceremony for the 2004 Recipients of the
2585:Alpha Phi Alpha Men: "A Century of Leadership"
1247:such as gay rights. On economic issues he was
826:played on bigotry purely for political gain".
6950:African-American United States Army personnel
4821:
3892:
3531:
1787:. Vol. 89, no. 7. February 17, 1967
1361:In September 2002, Brooke was diagnosed with
1262:interview that he favored Democratic nominee
1184:. In 1984 he was selected as chairman of the
8:
6930:Dunbar High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
6875:United States Army personnel of World War II
5688:Historically black colleges and universities
3291:"Edward Brooke through the years – Pictures"
3286:at The National Visionary Leadership Project
2777:"Awards climax annual legislative weekend".
887:Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity
3284:Edward Brooke's oral history video excerpts
2492:
2490:
1197:Department of Housing and Urban Development
5957:
4828:
4814:
4806:
3899:
3885:
3877:
3538:
3524:
3516:
3322:
2695:"Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients"
2345:(32). US Government Printing Office: 41128
2312:(35). US Government Printing Office: 46197
2279:(34). US Government Printing Office: 44857
2246:(11). US Government Printing Office: 15117
2180:(26). US Government Printing Office: 35396
132:January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1967
89:January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1979
49:
38:
30:For other people named Edward Brooke, see
6940:21st-century African-American politicians
5905:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
3547:United States senators from Massachusetts
2545:Aide Implicates Ex-Senator in H.U.D. Case
2213:(8). US Government Printing Office: 10769
1292:Adam Clayton Powell Award (Phoenix Award)
1051:. While Nixon retained Agnew, Brooke was
498:, Brooke was elected attorney general in
6915:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
6910:Military personnel from Washington, D.C.
3035:Barack Obama: A Life in American History
2059:"Reading Hillary Rodham's hidden thesis"
1941:Feeney, Mark – Metro (January 4, 2015).
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1221:Centennial Convention of Alpha Phi Alpha
931:—all foundational elements of President
529:. He was re-elected to a second term in
6865:African-American United States senators
2842:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books.
2562:"Counsel Clears Ex-senator in HUD Case"
2407:Williams, Christie (October 27, 2009).
1468:
1432:
929:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
519:liberal faction in the Republican party
6885:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
6880:Boston University School of Law alumni
6804:Topics related to the African diaspora
5910:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
3189:American Political Science Association
3159:Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007
1847:
1832:
1820:
1805:
1760:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1640:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1540:
1105:Senator Brooke meeting with President
666:Massachusetts House of Representatives
492:Massachusetts House of Representatives
6784:Landmark African-American legislation
2954:Clementson, Lynette (June 10, 2003).
2668:Smith, Timothy W. (January 3, 2015).
1499:
1497:
1182:National Low Income Housing Coalition
1164:Brooke is congratulated by President
7:
5915:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
1562:U.S. Government Printing Office 2008
1439:The first African-American senator,
1411:List of African-American Republicans
1323:listed Edward Brooke on his list of
950:" Then student government president
454:from 1967 to 1979. A member of the
6935:20th-century American Episcopalians
6890:Congressional Gold Medal recipients
6269:African-American Vernacular English
2731:from the original on March 24, 2010
2583:Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity (2005).
2526:. Sitting Bull.com. August 26, 2014
2445:. November 17, 1975. Archived from
2371:. December 13, 1971. Archived from
2012:Historical Journal of Massachusetts
1886:Martin, Douglas (January 3, 2015).
1742:from the original on March 24, 2010
1504:Martin, Douglas (January 3, 2015).
980:, President Nixon's nominee to the
914:1968 Republican National Convention
494:. After serving as chairman of the
6187:U.S. cities with large populations
5890:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
3063:Wright, Leah M. (March 18, 2011).
2751:Lorber, Janie (October 28, 2009).
970:Chief Justice of the United States
25:
6955:Boston Finance Commission members
6945:African Americans in World War II
5060:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
5056:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
4863:African American founding fathers
3341:Attorney General of Massachusetts
3137:Ed Brooke: Biography of a Senator
2795:"The 8 African-American Senators"
2753:"Former Senator Scolds Lawmakers"
1219:and was honorary chairman at the
1090:, Brooke led the fight to retain
716:Attorney General of Massachusetts
120:Attorney General of Massachusetts
6822:
5940:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
5085:Nadir of American race relations
3704:
3502:July 30, 2013 – January 3, 2015
2439:"A Brand New Race for 2nd Place"
2006:Sokol, Jason (January 1, 2021).
1860:Giroux, Greg (January 4, 2015).
1390:
395:
271:
6900:Massachusetts attorneys general
4946:Civil rights movement 1954–1968
4936:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
3154:U.S. Government Printing Office
3106:Brooke, Edward William (2007).
2885:Jacobs, Sally (March 5, 2000).
2624:"Edward Brooke: Why Republican"
2602:. University of Georgia Press.
1406:List of African-American firsts
1135:Senate Appropriations Committee
1047:as Nixon's running mate in the
1026:Senator Brooke in the US Senate
603:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
587:Boston University School of Law
509:. In the election, he defeated
480:Boston University School of Law
289:
267:
27:American politician (1919–2015)
6870:African-American Episcopalians
5935:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
4941:Civil right movement 1896–1954
2568:. June 3, 1995. Archived from
1325:100 Greatest African Americans
1123:wide-scale, legalized abortion
1086:In 1974, with Indiana senator
925:Office of Economic Opportunity
811:Russell Senate Office Building
613:as a member of the segregated
571:Department of Veterans Affairs
32:Edward Brooke (disambiguation)
1:
6115:Cherokee freedmen controversy
5091:The Negro Motorist Green Book
3271:"Edward Brooke (id: B000871)"
2801:. ABC News. February 1, 2013.
2587:(Video). Rubicon Productions.
2409:"Edward Brooke to Be Honored"
2111:, 10:00–11:00, archived from
2046:, FRONTLINE, PBS, 30:30–32:30
1985:US Government Printing Office
1276:Presidential Medal of Freedom
1170:Presidential Medal of Freedom
692:
482:in 1948 after serving in the
353:Presidential Medal of Freedom
56:
3258:(Grossman Publishers, 1972).
3112:. Rutgers University Press.
3109:Bridging the Divide: My Life
3084:10.1080/10999949.2011.551479
2566:Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel
2332:"Senate – December 17, 1975"
2299:"Senate – December 10, 1971"
2167:"Senate – November 21, 1969"
2057:Dedman, Bill (May 9, 2007).
1174:East Room of the White House
1096:Higher Education Act of 1965
1081:Equal Credit Opportunity Act
972:following the retirement of
708:Finance Commission of Boston
691:Brooke as attorney general,
6925:United States Army officers
5985:Black players in ice hockey
5920:National Urban League (NUL)
5746:American Society of Muslims
4984:Selma to Montgomery marches
4904:Brown v. Board of Education
3946:William Stanley Braithwaite
3134:Cutler, John Henry (1972).
2598:Flippen, J. Brooks (2011).
2397:, November 14, 1973, p. I-1
2266:"Senate – December 6, 1971"
2086:(Speech). Wellesley College
2080:Rodham, Hillary D. (1969).
1378:Arlington National Cemetery
631:Distinguished Service Award
605:. He was commissioned as a
233:Arlington National Cemetery
6976:
6142:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
5900:Nashville Student Movement
4911:Children of the plantation
3162:. United States Congress.
2638:"Sen. Brooke Favors Obama"
2524:"The Black Social History"
2469:"Edward Brooke – obituary"
2108:Biography: Hillary Clinton
1968:"Senate – August 30, 1967"
1336:Brooke had an affair with
1256:2008 presidential election
1094:, a 1972 amendment to the
1049:1972 presidential election
680:, whose campaign issued a
601:immediately following the
29:
6905:Massachusetts Republicans
6812:
6779:Index of related articles
5960:
5780:Doctrine of Father Divine
5164:Women's suffrage movement
5117:Reconstruction Amendments
4924:Voting Rights Act of 1965
3915:
3702:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3484:
3474:
3464:
3456:
3446:
3430:
3422:
3415:
3405:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3347:
3338:
3330:
3325:
3056:General and cited sources
3048:– via Google Books.
1738:. CNN. October 28, 2009.
1223:held in Washington, D.C.
1150:1978 re-election campaign
1077:Health and Human Services
942:In 1969, Brooke spoke at
782:, Brooke defeated former
496:Boston Finance Commission
444:Edward William Brooke III
437:
195:Edward William Brooke III
181:
125:
82:
66:
48:
6895:Howard University alumni
6829:United States portal
6264:African-American English
5693:Inventors and scientists
5385:George Washington Carver
4989:Chicago Freedom Movement
4586:A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.
4202:Charles Hamilton Houston
3986:George Washington Carver
3468:Senate Banking Committee
3360:Party political offices
3269:United States Congress.
3235:Public Opinion Quarterly
3220:. Little, Brown, Boston.
3201:Barbara Walters (2008),
2887:"The unfinished chapter"
2200:"Senate – April 8, 1970"
1281:Congressional Gold Medal
1258:, Brooke indicated in a
879:Senate Banking Committee
861:In 1967, Brooke went to
813:, where segregationists
557:Early life and education
523:Civil Rights Act of 1968
359:Congressional Gold Medal
6752:African-American firsts
5801:Back-to-Africa movement
5770:Black Hebrew Israelites
5550:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
5098:Partus sequitur ventrem
2233:"Senate – May 12, 1970"
2134:"Senate – June 9, 1969"
1350:, then a prosecutor in
1332:Personal life and death
1233:Rockefeller Republicans
1186:Boston Bank of Commerce
1073:Saturday night massacre
1018:Second term (1973–1979)
615:366th Infantry Regiment
597:Brooke enlisted in the
411:366th Infantry Regiment
6720:Spingarn Medal winners
6209:States and territories
5980:Black NFL quarterbacks
5480:Martin Luther King Jr.
5012:Dred Scott v. Sandford
4951:Montgomery bus boycott
4642:Constance Baker Motley
4522:Frederick D. Patterson
4258:Martin Luther King Jr.
4186:Channing Heggie Tobias
4074:William T. B. Williams
4050:Richard Berry Harrison
4034:Mordecai Wyatt Johnson
3466:Ranking Member of the
3216:Edward Brooke (1966),
2701:. United States Senate
1913:"NAACP Spingarn Medal"
1302:Boston Municipal Court
1176:
1131:Anti-abortion movement
1114:
1027:
1014:to the Supreme Court.
916:
891:Martin Luther King Jr.
842:and New York Governor
775:
763:First term (1967–1973)
698:
527:housing discrimination
257:Remigia Ferrari-Scacco
207:Washington, D.C., U.S.
6030:Athletic associations
5965:Negro league baseball
5736:African-American Jews
5455:Ketanji Brown Jackson
5420:Henry Highland Garnet
5279:Negro National Anthem
5029:George Floyd protests
4994:Post–civil rights era
4602:Myrlie Evers-Williams
4358:Clarence Mitchell Jr.
4210:Mabel Keaton Staupers
3970:Charles Sidney Gilpin
2783:. September 30, 1979.
2365:"The Brooke Scenario"
1374:Coral Gables, Florida
1367:the disease among men
1306:Boston Juvenile Court
1249:fiscally conservative
1163:
1104:
1055:, defeating Democrat
1025:
992:(who later wrote the
911:
883:1968 Fair Housing Act
881:, he co-authored the
819:John Little McClellan
791:United States senator
773:Seal of Massachusetts
770:
690:
642:Franklin D. Roosevelt
551:Coral Gables, Florida
384:Years of service
222:Coral Gables, Florida
72:United States Senator
6237:Afro-Seminole Creole
5763:Azusa Street Revival
5635:Booker T. Washington
5159:Underground Railroad
5024:Free people of color
4878:Atlantic slave trade
4706:Frankie Muse Freeman
4470:Benjamin Elijah Mays
4098:Walter Francis White
4002:James Weldon Johnson
3978:Mary Burnett Talbert
3426:Leverett Saltonstall
3368:Leverett Saltonstall
3183:Judson L. Jeffries,
2941:Galveston Daily News
2827:on October 21, 2012.
2727:. October 28, 2009.
2551:, November 22, 1992.
2375:on December 21, 2008
2339:Congressional Record
2306:Congressional Record
2273:Congressional Record
2240:Congressional Record
2207:Congressional Record
2174:Congressional Record
2141:Congressional Record
1976:Congressional Record
1398:United States portal
1338:broadcast journalist
1314:Boston Housing Court
1205:World Policy Council
1041:ambassador to the UN
654:Roxbury neighborhood
638:Executive Order 9066
569:who worked with the
478:, he graduated from
452:United States Senate
270: 1947;
100:Leverett Saltonstall
6632:Trinidad and Tobago
6247:Black American Sign
6074:By African descent
6068:Ethnic subdivisions
6055:Southwestern (SWAC)
5970:Baseball color line
5885:Black Panther Party
5789:Political movements
5706:in computer science
5365:Carol Moseley Braun
5154:Tulsa race massacre
5147:Treatment of slaves
4979:March on Washington
4974:Birmingham movement
4234:Theodore K. Lawless
4082:Mary McLeod Bethune
4026:Charles W. Chesnutt
3922:Ernest Everett Just
3006:(January 5, 2015).
2674:The Washington Post
2572:on January 4, 2015.
2504:. November 26, 1984
2473:The Daily Telegraph
1835:, pp. 107–108.
1763:, pp. 104–105.
1441:Hiram Rhodes Revels
1227:Political positions
1000:Lewis F. Powell Jr.
609:. He saw combat in
575:racially segregated
525:, which prohibited
458:, he was the first
55:Official portrait,
6730:US representatives
6725:US cabinet members
6617:Dominican Republic
6204:Metropolitan areas
6045:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
5870:Civic and economic
5848:Self-determination
5669:Education, science
5590:Fred Shuttlesworth
5570:A. Philip Randolph
5475:Coretta Scott King
5400:Frederick Douglass
5227:Harlem Renaissance
5132:Separate but equal
5122:Reconstruction era
5110:Plessy v. Ferguson
5001:Cornerstone Speech
4915:Civil Rights Acts
4898:Black Lives Matter
4873:American Civil War
4746:Nathaniel R. Jones
4610:Earl G. Graves Sr.
4578:John Hope Franklin
4178:Percy Lavon Julian
4138:A. Philip Randolph
4058:Robert Russa Moton
3439:Served alongside:
3203:Audition: A Memoir
2960:The New York Times
2757:The New York Times
2549:The New York Times
2502:The New York Times
1919:on August 2, 2014.
1892:The New York Times
1510:The New York Times
1321:Molefi Kete Asante
1177:
1115:
1053:re-elected in 1972
1028:
978:Clement Haynsworth
927:and to weaken the
917:
903:U.S. Supreme Court
844:Nelson Rockefeller
800:Stokely Carmichael
776:
752:Martin Luther King
699:
674:secretary of state
599:United States Army
583:Dunbar High School
521:. He co-wrote the
378:United States Army
6837:
6836:
6665:African Americans
6537:Dallas–Fort Worth
6132:Black Southerners
6063:
6062:
5515:Thurgood Marshall
5485:Bernard Lafayette
5080:Million Man March
4837:African Americans
4803:
4802:
4786:Cato T. Laurencin
4170:Thurgood Marshall
4146:William H. Hastie
4010:Carter G. Woodson
3874:
3873:
3514:
3513:
3505:Succeeded by
3493:Harry F. Byrd Jr.
3475:Succeeded by
3447:Succeeded by
3437:1967–1979
3406:Succeeded by
3348:Succeeded by
3211:978-0-307-26646-0
3119:978-0-8135-3905-8
3004:Bellotti, Francis
2984:. January 4, 2015
2911:"/ Photo gallery"
2899:on June 10, 2003.
2821:Boston University
2819:(Press release).
2644:. August 22, 2008
2475:. January 4, 2015
2395:Los Angeles Times
2105:Dougherty (ed.),
1808:, pp. 94–95.
1725:, pp. 65–67.
1689:, pp. 43–48.
1667:history.house.gov
1628:Boston University
1600:, pp. 14–18.
1588:, pp. 21–38.
1576:, pp. 13–14.
1319:In 2002, scholar
1287:Bronze Star Medal
1270:Awards and honors
1119:Voting Rights Act
1107:Lyndon B. Johnson
1012:John Paul Stevens
1010:'s nomination of
1004:William Rehnquist
944:Wellesley College
933:Lyndon B. Johnson
899:Thurgood Marshall
837:Michigan Governor
672:, Brooke ran for
627:Bronze Star Medal
619:Italian partisans
607:second lieutenant
567:Howard University
539:Watergate scandal
476:Howard University
441:
440:
328:Boston University
318:Howard University
16:(Redirected from
6967:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6789:Lynching victims
6288:Louisiana Creole
6259:American English
6147:Louisiana Creole
6120:Choctaw freedmen
5958:
5495:Huddie Ledbetter
5435:Fannie Lou Hamer
5405:W. E. B. Du Bois
5395:Claudette Colvin
5390:Shirley Chisholm
5207:Family structure
5075:Military history
4957:Browder v. Gayle
4830:
4823:
4816:
4807:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4650:Robert L. Carter
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4532:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4436:
4428:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4302:Robert C. Weaver
4296:
4294:Kenneth B. Clark
4288:
4280:
4272:
4270:Little Rock Nine
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4226:Paul R. Williams
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4100:
4092:
4084:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3972:
3964:
3962:W. E. B. Du Bois
3956:
3954:Archibald Grimké
3948:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3878:
3708:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3517:
3490:Preceded by
3485:Honorary titles
3457:Preceded by
3423:Preceded by
3365:Preceded by
3334:Edward McCormack
3331:Preceded by
3323:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3301:on March 3, 2016
3297:. Archived from
3295:The Boston Globe
3280:
3251:
3205:. Random House.
3180:
3178:
3176:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3069:
3050:
3049:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3012:The Boston Globe
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2966:on June 4, 2008.
2962:. Archived from
2951:
2945:
2944:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2915:The Boston Globe
2907:
2901:
2900:
2895:. Archived from
2892:The Boston Globe
2882:
2876:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2823:. Archived from
2809:
2803:
2802:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2665:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2558:
2552:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2449:on July 16, 2010
2435:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2404:
2398:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2336:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2270:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2237:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2204:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2171:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2138:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1972:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1947:The Boston Globe
1938:
1921:
1920:
1915:. Archived from
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1864:. Bloomberg News
1857:
1851:
1845:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1777:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1544:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1473:
1452:
1437:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1352:Middlesex County
1156:Post-Senate life
1037:Nixon's election
986:Harrold Carswell
966:Warren E. Burger
895:Brooke Amendment
840:George W. Romney
787:Endicott Peabody
735:Boston Strangler
697:
694:
593:Military service
515:Endicott Peabody
513:former Governor
460:African American
456:Republican Party
427:Italian campaign
399:
369:Military service
293:
291:
275:
273:
269:
218:
205:October 26, 1919
204:
202:
186:Personal details
176:Edward T. Martin
172:
164:Edward McCormack
160:
144:Endicott Peabody
130:
108:
96:
87:
61:
58:
53:
39:
21:
18:Edward W. Brooke
6975:
6974:
6970:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6833:
6823:
6821:
6808:
6774:Historic places
6767:US state firsts
6653:
6568:
6292:
6225:
6197:2010 majorities
6192:2000 majorities
6163:
6110:Black Seminoles
6059:
6050:Southern (SIAC)
6033:
6032:and conferences
6031:
6024:
6020:Serena Williams
6015:Jackie Robinson
5949:
5873:
5871:
5864:
5784:
5751:Nation of Islam
5722:
5670:
5664:
5605:Sojourner Truth
5595:Clarence Thomas
5560:Gabriel Prosser
5460:Michael Jackson
5335:Crispus Attucks
5325:Ralph Abernathy
5313:
5269:Musical theater
5168:
5034:Great Migration
5006:COVID-19 impact
4964:Sit-in movement
4839:
4834:
4804:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4770:Patrick Gaspard
4767:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4719:
4714:Harry Belafonte
4711:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4647:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4615:
4607:
4599:
4591:
4583:
4575:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4503:
4491:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4451:
4439:
4431:
4419:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4350:Sammy Davis Jr.
4347:
4339:
4334:John H. Johnson
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4286:Langston Hughes
4283:
4275:
4263:
4255:
4250:Jackie Robinson
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4154:Charles R. Drew
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4122:Louis T. Wright
4119:
4114:Marian Anderson
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4018:Anthony Overton
4015:
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3911:
3905:
3875:
3870:
3709:
3700:
3549:
3544:
3510:
3501:
3495:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3452:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3411:
3392:
3385:
3370:
3355:
3353:
3344:
3336:
3304:
3302:
3289:
3268:
3265:
3254:Kinkead, Gwen.
3231:
3228:
3226:Further reading
3223:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3152:
3143:
3141:
3140:. Bobbs-Merrill
3133:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3046:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2917:. June 16, 1978
2909:
2908:
2904:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2874:on May 2, 2008.
2862:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2734:
2732:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2419:
2417:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2116:
2115:on May 23, 2016
2104:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2043:The Choice 2016
2040:
2037:Wayback Machine
2030:
2023:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1924:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1547:
1543:, pp. 4–5.
1539:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1341:Barbara Walters
1334:
1316:, among others.
1272:
1245:civil liberties
1229:
1213:Alpha Phi Alpha
1158:
1065:
1033:
1020:
832:
815:John C. Stennis
765:
760:
743:Barry Goldwater
727:organized crime
695:
662:
650:
595:
559:
433:
364:
341:
298:
295:
292: 1979)
287:
283:
277:
274: 1979)
265:
261:
258:
239:Political party
220:
216:
215:January 3, 2015
206:
200:
198:
197:
196:
170:
158:
153:
131:
126:
106:
94:
88:
83:
74:
62:
59:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6973:
6971:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6842:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6819:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6740:Visual artists
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6700:Mathematicians
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6661:
6659:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6641:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6578:
6576:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6524:
6519:
6517:South Carolina
6514:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6487:North Carolina
6484:
6483:
6482:
6472:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6455:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6432:Massachusetts
6430:
6429:
6428:
6418:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6401:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6384:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6367:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6333:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6311:
6306:
6300:
6298:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6274:social context
6271:
6261:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6239:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6206:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6171:
6169:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6125:Creek Freedmen
6122:
6117:
6112:
6102:
6100:Alabama Creole
6097:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6071:
6069:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6040:Central (CIAA)
6036:
6034:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5961:
5955:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5876:
5874:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5833:Pan-Africanism
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5803:
5798:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5775:Black theology
5772:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5738:
5732:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5716:in STEM fields
5713:
5708:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5671:and technology
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5610:Harriet Tubman
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5540:Michelle Obama
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5470:Barbara Jordan
5467:
5465:Harriet Jacobs
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5355:Amelia Boynton
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5319:
5318:Notable people
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5254:LGBT community
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5106:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4969:Freedom Riders
4966:
4961:
4953:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4913:
4908:
4900:
4895:
4893:Black genocide
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4810:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4765:
4757:
4749:
4741:
4738:Sidney Poitier
4733:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4629:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4597:
4589:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4562:Dorothy Height
4557:
4554:Barbara Jordan
4549:
4541:
4538:Douglas Wilder
4533:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4506:Benjamin Hooks
4501:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4449:
4437:
4429:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4366:Jacob Lawrence
4361:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4326:Leontyne Price
4321:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4278:Duke Ellington
4273:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4242:Carl J. Murphy
4237:
4229:
4221:
4218:Harry T. Moore
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4130:Richard Wright
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3938:Harry Burleigh
3933:
3925:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3908:Spingarn Medal
3906:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3445:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3404:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3346:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3326:Legal offices
3321:
3320:
3311:
3287:
3281:
3264:
3263:External links
3261:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3248:10.1086/267534
3242:(3): 346–358.
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3199:
3192:
3181:
3168:
3150:
3131:
3118:
3103:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3024:
2995:
2969:
2946:
2928:
2902:
2877:
2855:
2848:
2830:
2804:
2799:abcnews.go.com
2786:
2780:Columbus Times
2769:
2743:
2712:
2686:
2655:
2629:
2615:
2608:
2590:
2575:
2553:
2537:
2515:
2486:
2460:
2430:
2399:
2386:
2356:
2323:
2290:
2257:
2224:
2191:
2158:
2125:
2097:
2072:
2049:
2021:
1998:
1959:
1922:
1904:
1875:
1852:
1837:
1825:
1810:
1798:
1765:
1753:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1701:, p. 278.
1691:
1679:
1645:
1633:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1564:, p. 332.
1545:
1530:
1493:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1449:17th Amendment
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1385:
1382:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1317:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1241:women's rights
1228:
1225:
1166:George W. Bush
1157:
1154:
1064:
1061:
1057:John J. Droney
1032:
1029:
1019:
1016:
990:Harry Blackmun
952:Hillary Rodham
948:ne'er-do-wells
912:Brooke at the
875:Walter Mondale
852:Spingarn Medal
831:
828:
823:Strom Thurmond
802:and Georgia's
764:
761:
759:
756:
731:Foster Furcolo
682:bumper sticker
661:
658:
649:
646:
594:
591:
558:
555:
468:Reconstruction
439:
438:
435:
434:
432:
431:
430:
429:
420:
418:
414:
413:
408:
404:
403:
393:
389:
388:
385:
381:
380:
375:
374:Branch/service
371:
370:
366:
365:
363:
362:
356:
349:
347:
343:
342:
340:
339:
325:
314:
312:
308:
307:
304:
300:
299:
297:
296:
285:
281:
280:
278:
263:
259:
256:
255:
252:
250:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
219:(aged 95)
213:
209:
208:
194:
192:
188:
187:
183:
182:
179:
178:
173:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
152:
151:
146:
140:
138:
134:
133:
123:
122:
115:
114:
109:
103:
102:
97:
91:
90:
80:
79:
68:
67:
64:
63:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6972:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6830:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6799:Neighborhoods
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6762:Sports firsts
6760:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6753:
6750:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6656:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6564:West Virginia
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6501:Pennsylvania
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6481:
6480:New York City
6478:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6325:
6324:San Francisco
6322:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:By state/city
6295:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6242:American Sign
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6188:
6185:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6175:Neighborhoods
6173:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6105:Black Indians
6103:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6027:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5867:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5683:Black schools
5681:
5679:
5678:Black studies
5676:
5675:
5673:
5667:
5661:
5660:Whitney Young
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5650:Oprah Winfrey
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5620:Denmark Vesey
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:Joseph Rainey
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5520:Toni Morrison
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5505:Joseph Lowery
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5450:Jesse Jackson
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5440:Kamala Harris
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5425:Marcus Garvey
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5375:Blanche Bruce
5373:
5371:
5370:Edward Brooke
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5360:James Bradley
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5340:James Baldwin
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5284:Neighborhoods
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5137:Silent Parade
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5065:Jim Crow laws
5063:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:Black cowboys
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4831:
4826:
4824:
4819:
4817:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4795:
4790:
4787:
4782:
4779:
4774:
4771:
4766:
4763:
4758:
4755:
4750:
4747:
4742:
4739:
4734:
4731:
4726:
4723:
4722:Jessye Norman
4718:
4715:
4710:
4707:
4702:
4699:
4694:
4691:
4686:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4670:
4667:
4662:
4659:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4643:
4638:
4635:
4630:
4627:
4626:Vernon Jordan
4622:
4619:
4618:Oprah Winfrey
4614:
4611:
4606:
4603:
4598:
4595:
4590:
4587:
4582:
4579:
4574:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4558:
4555:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4531:
4530:Jesse Jackson
4526:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4510:
4507:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4487:
4482:
4479:
4474:
4471:
4466:
4463:
4462:Coleman Young
4458:
4455:
4454:Rayford Logan
4450:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4435:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4418:
4415:
4410:
4407:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4391:
4386:
4383:
4378:
4375:
4374:Leon Sullivan
4370:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4346:
4343:
4342:Edward Brooke
4338:
4335:
4330:
4327:
4322:
4319:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4303:
4298:
4295:
4290:
4287:
4282:
4279:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4259:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4243:
4238:
4235:
4230:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4211:
4206:
4203:
4198:
4195:
4190:
4187:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4171:
4166:
4163:
4158:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4139:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4099:
4094:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4075:
4070:
4067:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4043:
4042:Henry A. Hunt
4038:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4019:
4014:
4011:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3930:Charles Young
3926:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3890:
3888:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3384:
3383:Massachusetts
3380:
3376:
3369:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3171:
3169:9780160801945
3165:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3121:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3047:
3045:9781440859144
3041:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3025:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2849:1-57392-963-8
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2773:
2770:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2611:
2609:9780820339559
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2098:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2073:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1850:, p. 96.
1849:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1823:, p. 95.
1822:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1713:, p. 63.
1712:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1680:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1643:, p. 23.
1642:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1612:, p. 20.
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1445:Blanche Bruce
1442:
1436:
1433:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:breast cancer
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
987:
983:
982:Supreme Court
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
960:
958:
953:
949:
945:
940:
938:
937:Great Society
934:
930:
926:
922:
915:
910:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
848:Richard Nixon
845:
841:
838:
829:
827:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
804:Lester Maddox
801:
796:
792:
788:
785:
781:
774:
769:
762:
757:
755:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
689:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
659:
657:
655:
647:
645:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
592:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
556:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:Richard Nixon
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:Massachusetts
445:
436:
428:
425:
424:
423:World War II
422:
421:
419:
415:
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
379:
376:
372:
367:
360:
357:
354:
351:
350:
348:
344:
337:
333:
329:
326:
323:
319:
316:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
279:
254:
253:
251:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:Resting place
227:
223:
214:
210:
193:
189:
184:
180:
177:
174:
168:
165:
162:
156:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
139:
135:
129:
124:
121:
116:
113:
110:
104:
101:
98:
92:
86:
81:
78:
77:Massachusetts
73:
69:
65:
52:
47:
43:Edward Brooke
40:
37:
33:
19:
6715:Sportspeople
6685:Billionaires
6602:Sierra Leone
6505:Philadelphia
6341:Jacksonville
6168:Demographics
6000:Jack Johnson
5990:Muhammad Ali
5823:Conservatism
5758:Black church
5655:Andrew Young
5640:Ida B. Wells
5630:David Walker
5625:C. T. Vivian
5580:Paul Robeson
5575:Hiram Revels
5555:Colin Powell
5535:Barack Obama
5490:James Lawson
5445:Jimi Hendrix
5415:James Farmer
5410:Medgar Evers
5380:Ralph Bunche
5369:
5330:Maya Angelou
5304:Middle class
5182:Afrofuturism
5108:
5096:
5089:
5010:
4955:
4902:
4868:Afrocentrism
4858:Abolitionism
4777:
4762:Willie Brown
4753:
4730:Quincy Jones
4698:Cicely Tyson
4674:John Conyers
4570:Maya Angelou
4546:Colin Powell
4514:Percy Sutton
4485:
4442:Andrew Young
4433:
4405:
4390:Wilson Riles
4382:Gordon Parks
4341:
4310:Medgar Evers
4194:Ralph Bunche
4162:Paul Robeson
4105:
3994:Roland Hayes
3845:
3498:
3465:
3450:Paul Tsongas
3440:
3431:
3379:U.S. Senator
3377:nominee for
3373:
3339:
3303:. Retrieved
3299:the original
3294:
3274:
3255:
3239:
3233:
3217:
3202:
3184:
3173:. Retrieved
3158:
3142:. Retrieved
3136:
3123:. Retrieved
3108:
3095:. Retrieved
3075:
3071:
3038:. ABC-CLIO.
3034:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
3011:
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2982:The Guardian
2981:
2972:
2964:the original
2959:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2914:
2905:
2897:the original
2890:
2880:
2872:the original
2867:
2858:
2839:
2833:
2825:the original
2816:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2778:
2772:
2760:. Retrieved
2756:
2746:
2733:. Retrieved
2724:
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2698:
2689:
2677:. Retrieved
2673:
2646:. Retrieved
2641:
2632:
2618:
2599:
2593:
2584:
2578:
2570:the original
2565:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2501:
2477:. Retrieved
2472:
2463:
2453:December 25,
2451:. Retrieved
2447:the original
2442:
2433:
2425:
2418:. Retrieved
2414:RollCall.com
2412:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2379:December 24,
2377:. Retrieved
2373:the original
2368:
2359:
2349:February 12,
2347:. Retrieved
2342:
2338:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2309:
2305:
2293:
2283:February 12,
2281:. Retrieved
2276:
2272:
2260:
2250:February 12,
2248:. Retrieved
2243:
2239:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2210:
2206:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2177:
2173:
2161:
2151:February 12,
2149:. Retrieved
2144:
2140:
2128:
2117:, retrieved
2113:the original
2107:
2100:
2088:. Retrieved
2082:
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2052:
2042:
2033:Ghostarchive
2031:Archived at
2015:
2011:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1980:
1974:
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:
1917:the original
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:
1866:. Retrieved
1855:
1828:
1801:
1791:December 24,
1789:. Retrieved
1784:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1636:
1623:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1521:. Retrieved
1509:
1484:. Retrieved
1480:
1471:
1435:
1371:
1360:
1356:Paul Tsongas
1345:
1335:
1310:Family Court
1264:Barack Obama
1253:
1237:civil rights
1230:
1202:
1194:
1178:
1147:
1142:
1116:
1085:
1066:
1034:
993:
963:
956:
941:
918:
872:
860:
833:
808:
794:
777:
724:
700:
663:
651:
648:Early career
635:
596:
563:middle-class
560:
547:Paul Tsongas
504:
488:World War II
473:
443:
442:
417:Battles/wars
282:Anne Fleming
217:(2015-01-03)
171:Succeeded by
127:
112:Paul Tsongas
107:Succeeded by
84:
36:
6855:2015 deaths
6850:1919 births
6735:US senators
6705:Republicans
6690:Journalists
6547:San Antonio
6512:Puerto Rico
6453:Mississippi
6346:Tallahassee
6319:Los Angeles
6010:Jesse Owens
5995:Arthur Ashe
5853:Nationalism
5843:Raised fist
5806:Black power
5711:in medicine
5645:Roy Wilkins
5600:Emmett Till
5585:Al Sharpton
5350:Julian Bond
5345:James Bevel
5309:Upper class
5299:Stereotypes
5192:Black mecca
5104:Plantations
4883:Black Codes
4794:Jim Clyburn
4690:Julian Bond
4658:Oliver Hill
4494:Tom Bradley
4422:Alvin Ailey
4398:Damon Keith
4318:Roy Wilkins
4266:Daisy Bates
3841:Saltonstall
3442:Ted Kennedy
3417:U.S. Senate
3314:Appearances
3175:January 23,
3144:January 23,
3125:January 23,
3097:January 23,
2762:October 10,
2735:October 28,
2705:February 4,
2420:December 7,
2316:February 7,
2217:February 7,
2184:February 6,
2018:(1): 20–42.
1991:February 5,
1848:Wright 2011
1833:Brooke 2007
1821:Wright 2011
1806:Wright 2011
1761:Cutler 1972
1746:October 28,
1723:Cutler 1972
1711:Cutler 1972
1699:Brooke 2007
1687:Brooke 2007
1672:January 23,
1641:Cutler 1972
1610:Cutler 1972
1598:Cutler 1972
1586:Brooke 2007
1574:Cutler 1972
1541:Brooke 2007
1523:January 23,
1486:January 23,
1254:During the
1111:Oval Office
1045:Spiro Agnew
1008:Gerald Ford
995:Roe v. Wade
974:Earl Warren
867:Vietnam War
696: 1965
678:Kevin White
656:of Boston.
159:Preceded by
95:Preceded by
60: 1967
6844:Categories
6680:Astronauts
6470:New Jersey
6314:California
5818:Capitalism
5615:Nat Turner
5545:Rosa Parks
5530:Diane Nash
5500:John Lewis
5289:Newspapers
5259:Literature
5244:Juneteenth
5197:Businesses
5051:Exodusters
5019:Free Negro
4666:Ben Carson
4634:John Lewis
4594:Carl Rowan
4498:Bill Cosby
4478:Lena Horne
4446:Rosa Parks
4426:Alex Haley
4414:Hank Aaron
4066:Max Yergan
3681:E. Kennedy
3671:J. Kennedy
3508:John Glenn
3472:1977–1979
3460:John Tower
3409:Ray Shamie
3375:Republican
3345:1963–1967
3305:January 6,
3078:: 91–118.
3017:January 6,
2988:January 4,
2699:senate.gov
2679:January 4,
2530:January 3,
2508:August 13,
2479:January 6,
1952:January 6,
1897:January 7,
1868:January 7,
1481:senate.gov
1459:References
1348:John Kerry
1209:think tank
1088:Birch Bayh
1071:-related "
703:John Volpe
579:Deep South
511:Democratic
243:Republican
201:1919-10-26
149:John Volpe
6794:Monuments
6670:Activists
6522:Tennessee
6442:Michigan
6426:Baltimore
6416:Louisiana
6409:Lexington
6392:Davenport
6331:Cleveland
6230:Languages
6159:Melungeon
6137:Blaxicans
6005:Joe Louis
5860:Socialism
5796:Anarchism
5525:Bob Moses
5510:Malcolm X
5430:Fred Gray
5294:Soul food
5232:New Negro
5217:Folktales
5127:Redlining
4090:John Hope
3831:Lodge Jr.
3741:Pickering
3666:Lodge Jr.
3651:Lodge Sr.
3478:Jake Garn
3351:Ed Martin
3092:144076032
2921:March 12,
2648:March 24,
1518:0362-4331
1464:Citations
1427:Footnotes
1069:Watergate
921:Job Corps
854:from the
758:US Senate
484:U.S. Army
387:1941–1946
311:Education
128:In office
118:35th
85:In office
6817:Category
6608:America
6574:Diaspora
6559:Virginia
6492:Oklahoma
6475:New York
6458:Nebraska
6421:Maryland
6404:Kentucky
6370:Illinois
6309:Arkansas
6214:Illinois
6152:of color
5838:Populism
5811:Movement
5728:Religion
5070:Lynching
4853:Timeline
4778:no award
4754:no award
4682:Ruby Dee
4486:no award
4434:no award
4406:no award
4268:and the
4106:no award
3836:S. Weeks
3826:Coolidge
3811:J. Weeks
3796:Boutwell
3786:Rockwell
3726:Sedgwick
3641:Washburn
3626:Winthrop
3156:(2008).
2729:Archived
2642:WBUR.org
2035:and the
1740:Archived
1624:Bostonia
1384:See also
1217:emeritus
1127:Medicaid
1092:Title IX
959:magazine
923:and the
784:Governor
660:Politics
629:, and a
303:Children
137:Governor
6745:Writers
6710:Singers
6695:Jurists
6643:Europe
6597:Liberia
6542:Houston
6446:Detroit
6382:Indiana
6375:Chicago
6358:Atlanta
6353:Georgia
6336:Florida
6304:Alabama
6254:English
5828:Leftism
5698:Museums
5249:Kwanzaa
5174:Culture
5142:Slavery
4845:History
3910:winners
3851:Tsongas
3821:Gillett
3781:Everett
3761:Silsbee
3714:Class 2
3631:Rantoul
3621:Webster
3611:Webster
3571:Goodhue
3554:Class 1
3388:Class 2
3191:, 1999.
2868:CNN.com
2725:CNN.com
2119:July 1,
2090:July 1,
2065:July 1,
2061:. MSNBC
1987:: 24656
1294:in 1979
1260:WBUR-FM
1190:Grumman
1141:, with
1109:in the
901:to the
863:Vietnam
739:psychic
712:terrier
623:captain
486:during
450:in the
401:Captain
294:
286:
276:
264:
260:
249:Spouses
6757:Mayors
6675:Actors
6647:France
6639:Israel
6627:Mexico
6612:Canada
6587:Gambia
6582:Africa
6532:Austin
6497:Oregon
6436:Boston
6399:Kansas
6365:Hawaii
6283:Gullah
6093:Yoruba
6083:Gullah
5954:Sports
5872:groups
5702:Women
5239:Hoodoo
5113:(1896)
5039:Second
5015:(1857)
4960:(1956)
4907:(1954)
4792:2022:
4784:2021:
4776:2020:
4768:2019:
4760:2018:
4752:2017:
4744:2016:
4736:2015:
4728:2014:
4720:2013:
4712:2012:
4704:2011:
4696:2010:
4688:2009:
4680:2008:
4672:2007:
4664:2006:
4656:2005:
4648:2004:
4640:2003:
4632:2002:
4624:2001:
4616:2000:
4608:1999:
4600:1998:
4592:1997:
4584:1996:
4576:1995:
4568:1994:
4560:1993:
4552:1992:
4544:1991:
4536:1990:
4528:1989:
4520:1988:
4512:1987:
4504:1986:
4492:1985:
4484:1984:
4476:1983:
4468:1982:
4460:1981:
4452:1980:
4440:1979:
4432:1978:
4420:1977:
4412:1976:
4404:1975:
4396:1974:
4388:1973:
4380:1972:
4372:1971:
4364:1970:
4356:1969:
4348:1968:
4340:1967:
4332:1966:
4324:1965:
4316:1964:
4308:1963:
4300:1962:
4292:1961:
4284:1960:
4276:1959:
4264:1958:
4256:1957:
4248:1956:
4240:1955:
4232:1954:
4224:1953:
4216:1952:
4208:1951:
4200:1950:
4192:1949:
4184:1948:
4176:1947:
4168:1946:
4160:1945:
4152:1944:
4144:1943:
4136:1942:
4128:1941:
4120:1940:
4112:1939:
4104:1938:
4096:1937:
4088:1936:
4080:1935:
4072:1934:
4064:1933:
4056:1932:
4048:1931:
4040:1930:
4032:1929:
4024:1928:
4016:1927:
4008:1926:
4000:1925:
3992:1924:
3984:1923:
3976:1922:
3968:1921:
3960:1920:
3952:1919:
3944:1918:
3936:1917:
3928:1916:
3920:1915:
3866:Markey
3846:Brooke
3791:Wilson
3746:Varnum
3736:Foster
3731:Dexter
3721:Strong
3696:Warren
3656:Butler
3636:Sumner
3616:Choate
3601:Mellen
3596:Ashmun
3561:Dalton
3354:Acting
3318:C-SPAN
3209:
3166:
3116:
3090:
3042:
2846:
2817:bu.edu
2606:
1983:(18).
1516:
1312:, and
1243:, and
1129:. The
1063:Tenure
830:Tenure
821:, and
361:(2008)
355:(2004)
346:Awards
224:, U.S.
6658:Lists
6622:Haiti
6592:Ghana
6527:Texas
6463:Omaha
5741:Islam
5274:Names
5264:Music
5202:Dance
3861:Cowan
3856:Kerry
3816:Walsh
3806:Crane
3776:Davis
3771:Bates
3766:Davis
3756:Lloyd
3691:Brown
3676:Smith
3661:Walsh
3646:Dawes
3606:Mills
3586:Lloyd
3581:Adams
3576:Mason
3566:Cabot
3381:from
3088:S2CID
3072:Souls
3068:(PDF)
2335:(PDF)
2302:(PDF)
2269:(PDF)
2236:(PDF)
2203:(PDF)
2170:(PDF)
2137:(PDF)
1971:(PDF)
1630:: 12.
856:NAACP
611:Italy
541:. In
288:(
284:
266:(
262:
75:from
6554:Utah
6387:Iowa
6219:Ohio
6180:list
6088:Igbo
6078:Fula
5222:Hair
5212:Film
4929:1968
4919:1964
4496:and
4444:and
4424:and
3801:Hoar
3751:Otis
3686:Kirk
3591:Gore
3402:1978
3398:1972
3394:1966
3307:2015
3207:ISBN
3177:2022
3164:ISBN
3146:2022
3127:2022
3114:ISBN
3099:2022
3040:ISBN
3019:2015
2990:2015
2923:2010
2844:ISBN
2764:2014
2737:2009
2707:2013
2681:2015
2650:2022
2604:ISBN
2532:2015
2510:2019
2481:2015
2455:2010
2443:Time
2422:2016
2381:2010
2369:Time
2351:2022
2318:2022
2285:2022
2252:2022
2219:2022
2186:2022
2153:2022
2121:2017
2092:2017
2067:2017
1993:2022
1954:2015
1899:2015
1870:2015
1793:2010
1785:Time
1748:2009
1674:2022
1525:2022
1514:ISSN
1488:2022
1207:, a
1143:Time
1139:1976
957:Life
795:Time
780:1966
748:1964
720:1962
670:1960
625:, a
543:1978
531:1972
507:1966
500:1962
407:Unit
392:Rank
272:div.
212:Died
191:Born
5187:Art
5044:New
3316:on
3244:doi
3080:doi
2343:121
2310:117
2277:117
2244:116
2211:116
2178:115
2145:115
1981:113
1211:of
968:as
935:'s
778:In
754:."
718:in
336:LLM
332:LLB
6846::
5058:/
3400:,
3396:,
3390:)
3293:.
3273:.
3240:31
3238:.
3187:,
3086:.
3076:13
3074:.
3070:.
3010:.
2980:.
2958:.
2939:.
2913:.
2889:.
2866:.
2815:.
2797:.
2755:.
2723:.
2697:.
2672:.
2658:^
2640:.
2564:.
2547:,
2500:.
2489:^
2471:.
2441:.
2424:.
2411:.
2367:.
2341:.
2337:.
2308:.
2304:.
2275:.
2271:.
2242:.
2238:.
2209:.
2205:.
2176:.
2172:.
2143:.
2139:.
2039::
2024:^
2016:49
2014:.
2010:.
1979:.
1973:.
1945:.
1925:^
1890:.
1878:^
1840:^
1813:^
1783:.
1768:^
1665:.
1648:^
1626:.
1548:^
1533:^
1512:.
1508:.
1496:^
1479:.
1380:.
1369:.
1358:.
1308:,
1304:,
1266:.
1239:,
1192:.
1172:,
961:.
939:.
858:.
817:,
693:c.
633:.
334:,
322:BS
290:m.
268:m.
57:c.
4829:e
4822:t
4815:v
3900:e
3893:t
3886:v
3539:e
3532:t
3525:v
3386:(
3309:.
3279:.
3250:.
3246::
3213:.
3179:.
3148:.
3129:.
3101:.
3082::
3021:.
2992:.
2925:.
2852:.
2766:.
2741:.
2739:.
2709:.
2683:.
2652:.
2612:.
2534:.
2512:.
2483:.
2457:.
2383:.
2353:.
2320:.
2287:.
2254:.
2221:.
2188:.
2155:.
2094:.
2069:.
1995:.
1956:.
1901:.
1872:.
1795:.
1750:.
1676:.
1527:.
1490:.
1327:.
905:.
338:)
330:(
324:)
320:(
306:3
203:)
199:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
