628:
on the CRT. Ray and Aguero were the only minority members and the only non-attorneys on the CRT at the time. During Hall's campaign to have
Congress change the law, she noted that she had co-authored a book entitled, “Foundations of Sand”. Later a reporter who had interviewed her secured the book and read it. The book contained disparaging remarks about African Americans, suggesting they were inferior to Caucasians quoting, “They insist on preserving their jungle freedoms, their women, their avoidance of personal responsibility, and their abhorrence of the work ethic”.
17:
236:
583:
originated. The CRT's Cable/Satellite rate final
Determination cause a tremendous controversy among Cable/Satellite companies and several members of Congress who believed the rate was much too high. The Cable/ Satellite companies appealed the CRT's Determination to the Second Federal Circuit Court in Washington, DC and the Court upheld the CRT's Determination in full.
770:
635:
Hall later tried to claim she only edited “Foundations of Sand” and was not a co-author. Despite her efforts to distance herself from the book, Hall's association to the book damaged her character and caused national embarrassment for the Reagan
Administration which forced her to resign from the CRT.
627:
President Reagan appointed
Marianne Mele Hall to be Commissioner at the CRT. Commissioner Hall attempted to get Congress to change the law to permit only attorneys to serve as commissioners on the CRT which would have directly affected Commissioner Ray and Commissioner Mario Aguero, a Cuban-American
425:
in
Hollywood, California as Senior Vice President of A&R Administration. As head of A&R Administration at MGM, Ray was responsible for the administration of MGM's Recording studios in Hollywood, California and Nashville, Tennessee; MGM's Copyright Clearance & Licensing Departments; MGM
651:
From
October 1989 through 2009 Ray was an independent commercial music consultant for various national record/music clients. During this period he also wrote and self-published books of poetry entitled Natural Expression, Straight From The Heart, Reflections On The Joys & Sorrows of The Heart,
574:
In
October, 1981, Ray was appointed by President Ronald Reagan, and confirmed by the US senate, to serve as a US Commissioner on the US Copyright Royalty Tribunal (CRT), for the unexpired term of a commissioner who resigned. Then on September, 1982, President Reagan nominated Ray for the second for
639:
Commissioner Ray became Acting
Chairman of the CRT after Commissioner Hall's resignation and appeared before Congress to respond to the issues that had been raised during the controversy. In addition, he oversaw changes to the CRT like the reduction of commissions from 7 to 5 which were voted on by
247:
in
Hollywood, California, a major, independent record company, as National Director of Promotion and Sales. During the nine years that Ray was with Imperial Records he was responsible for all the national promotion and sales for all Imperial/Minit recording artists, including, recording artists
582:
During Ray's tenure, the CRT conducted one
Statutory Rate Hearing and raised the original rate set by Congress for Cable/Satellite companies that retransmitted broadcast signals into a distant market. The definition of “distant market” was thirty miles from the location where the broadcast signal
134:
After leaving Aladdin Records in early 1950, Ray joined Central Record Sales Company, a major independent wholesale record distributor in Los Angeles, California. Central Record Sales was the exclusive distributor for a majority of the major, national independent record companies for the Southern
618:
The CRT annually distributed approximately $ 200,000,000 in royalties. In each of the Distribution Hearing's the CRT's final Determination were challenged by one or more of the copyright Claimants and appealed to the Second Federal Circuit Court in Washington, D.C. In each Distribution Hearing
487:
While at SOM, Ray terminated and negotiated new foreign music publishing and performance rights agreements for SOM's music publishing companies; terminated and negotiated new SOM artists distribution agreements; and expanded SOM's Recording Studio's custom service business. Some of the artists
578:
The CRT's primary responsibilities was (1) to set the Statutory Rates for certain sections of the Compulsory Licensing provisions of the US Copyright Act; and (2) to conduct Distribution Hearings to distribute Statutory Royalty funds that were deposited directly to the US Copyright Office by
503:
Also, while still at SOM, Ray established his own company, Eddie Ray Music Enterprises, that among its other activities, established a vocational commercial music school named, The Tennessee College of Recording Arts and Sciences. Ray operated the school for two years and then assisted in
126:
Ray was given opportunities to meet these artists and to attend their concerts and recordings session and began to learn in detail about the commercial music and recording business. During Ray's three years employment at Aladdin Records, he also earned an Associate Arts degree in Business
631:
Several national articles about the controversy appeared in newspapers across the country including the Washington Post, New York Times, and LA Times. The controversy also raised additional scrutiny regarding Presidential appointees and their vetting process in Congress and the public.
663:. The NCMHOF is a non-profit organization and museum that was created to honor musicians, composers and artists with ties to North Carolina that have made significant impact in the music industry. Ray was instrumental in reopening the museum and moving it from its original home in
778:
52:
Ray was born and raised in Franklin, North Carolina which is in the western mountain region of North Carolina. He was the third youngest of eight children born to his father, Andrew Ray, owner of a janitorial service and his mother, Grace Ray, who was a homemaker.
188:
Ray, Al Schlesinger and Larry Goldberg formed a record label, "R & B Records", and released “Hearts of Stone” in the Southern California area only and sold over 50,000 copies. The song later became a top national charted, Pop, R&B and Country hit by the
99:, a major, independent record company, as an assistant shipping clerk. Aladdin was owned by two brothers, Leo and Eddie Mesner both of whom became Ray's mentors in the music industry. Some of the major recording artists on Aladdin at that time included,
476:, and became executive vice president and part owner of Sounds of Memphis Recording Studio and Record Production Company (SOM). Before Ray joined the company SOM had produced a couple of national hit records, one of which was the iconic record “
135:
California area. Initially Ray was responsible for Central's “in house sales” to Southern California's smaller retail stores and juke box operators. He eventually became chief record “buyer” and radio promotion man for Central Record Sales.
898:
426:
Artist's recording contract fulfillment requirements; Musician Union negotiations; recording session schedules & musician payments; record release pre-preparation; and the preparations of multimillion-dollar recording budgets.
376:
In July 1969 Ray joined Coburt Television Production in Beverly Hills, California as executive vice president of COBURT's newly created Record Music Division. COBURT was an independent television production company owned by
318:, Capitol Records’ newly created, wholly owned subsidiary. Subsequently, Ray became Vice President of A&R for Capitol/Tower Records becoming the first African American executive of a major U.S. record company.
35:
Museum. He was an African American record company executive, record producer, songwriter, author, and an inductee in the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame. He was also a United States Presidential Appointee under
824:
79:. However, he was unable to pass the vision test because of formations of cataracts on both his eyes. After only a few months in the regular Army, Ray was discharged from the Army and in early 1945 moved to
586:
The CRT also conducted a Distribution Hearing each year during while Ray served as Commissioner at the CRT. During each of the Distribution Hearings, copyright owners were represented by copyright Claimants
1547:
906:
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295:
In addition to Ray's responsibilities as director of national promotion and sales for Imperial, he also produced national chart hit single records by Sandy Nelson ( "Let There Be Drums"),
874:
1601:
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as executive vice president and general manager. Ray was also responsible for the management of Cream/HI Records’ music publishing company, East Memphis Music, a former
464:
in 1973 but Ray was unwilling to move to the new MGM/Polydor/Polygram headquarters in New York City and negotiated his resignation from his MGM employment agreement.
1668:
1673:
1658:
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music publishing firms for the Coburt Music Division; the successful negotiation of a Coburt/MGM Records label distribution agreement; and his production of a
181:
In 1954, while still at Central Record Sales, Ray and a musician/songwriter Rudy Jackson began writing songs together. Their biggest hit, was a song entitled “
1555:
1176:
381:, a successful Hollywood entertainment agent and subsequently an exclusive television producer of the Grammy Awards telecast for thirty four years and
1375:"809 F.2d 172: The National Association of Broadcasters, Canadianclaimants, Program Suppliers, Petitioners, v. Copyright Royalty Tribunal, Respondent"
674:
In October 2009, Ray was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame as a non-performing artist, originally from the State of North Carolina.
1663:
1576:
563:
76:
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691:
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was a successful R&B Independent record label. Some of HI Records artists were Hall of Fame and Grammy award artist & songwriter
303:("Wish Someone Would Care" / "Time Is On My Side" / "Break Away") and several national charted albums by Sandy Nelson and Ernie Freeman.
1467:
656:
32:
543:
387:
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are some of the artists that had singles and/or albums that attained national chart positions during Ray's tenure there.
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194:
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Cream/Hi Records was well known for the numerous valuable music copyrights they owned which included songs such as “
338:
799:
1078:
977:
745:
720:
660:
61:
1250:"724 F.2d 176: National Cable Television Association, Inc., Petitioner, v. Copyright Royalty Tribunal, Respondent"
1127:
1053:
1027:
1002:
952:
1351:"720 F.2d 1295: The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc., Appellant, v. the Copyright Royalty Tribunal, Appellee"
326:
67:
After graduating from high school in 1944, Ray was accepted into an Army Reserve Specialized Training Program at
505:
128:
104:
28:
1303:"689 F.2d 1077: National Cable Television Association, Petitioner, v. Copyright Royalty Tribunal, Respondent"
138:
While at Central Record Sales, Ray promoted and sold records for numerous rhythm and blues artists including
434:
321:
During Ray's five years as A&R chief for Capitol/Tower Records he acquired scores of successful selling
100:
41:
1399:"848 F.2d 1289: National Broadcasting Company, Inc., Petitioner, v. Copyright Royalty Tribunal, Respondent"
1398:
1350:
1327:"675 F.2d 367: National Association of Broadcasters, Petitioner, v. Copyright Royalty Tribunal, Respondent"
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31:) better known as "Eddie Ray" is a consultant and former Operation Director and Vice Chairman of the
643:
On September 29, 1989, Commissioner Ray's term at the CRT expired and he did not seek another term.
16:
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473:
446:
235:
64:, because Franklin was segregated and did not have a high school for African American children.
1548:"Anger Mounts Over Copyright Panel Chief Resignation Demanded For 'Racist' Book – Sun Sentinel"
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incorporating the school's commercial music program curricula into a degree program offered by
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442:
244:
202:
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385:, a successful Beverly Hills business and investment financier, who subsequently produced
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508:(presently known as the University of Memphis) College of Fine Arts & Communications.
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Some of Ray's most important accomplishments while with Coburt were his establishment of
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Upon becoming 18 years of age he was inducted into the regular Army and then applied for
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In addition, two of Ray's most important acquisitions for Capitol/Tower Records were
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928:"Eddie Ray on promoting Fats Domino and Dave Bartholomew American Music Masters 2010"
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213:. “Hearts of Stone” has been recorded by over 32 major recording artists, including
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334:
285:
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603:); Devotionals (TV Religious Programs); Music Performance Societies ( BMI, ASCAP,
1493:"Copyright Head Resigns in Row Over Book's Racist Statements – Los Angeles Times"
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454:
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In November 1945, Ray moved to Los Angeles and in early 1946 began working for
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1274:"Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks, Trade Secrets – Pierce Law Center IP Mall"
438:
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80:
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461:
849:"The Blue Ridge Rangers | Music Biography, Credits and Discography"
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Congress in response to the issues raised during the Hall controversy.
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copyright users to be distributed to the appropriate copyright owners.
83:, where he got his first job in the music industry as a stock boy at
1631:
604:
399:
234:
15:
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588:
659:(NCMHOF) and operation director of its Hall of Fame Museum in
429:
Some of the artists with whom Ray worked while at MGM were the
185:”, performed by a local Los Angeles singing group, The Jewels.
612:
608:
591:(for movies & TV Situation Comedies); Joints Sports (for
322:
692:"2009 North Carolina Music Hall Of Fame Inductee – Eddie Ray"
201:. Years later it became a national top charted record by the
421:
In 1970, Ray left CoBurt Television Production and joined
619:
appeal, the Circuit Court upheld the CRT's determination.
575:
a full term of seven years as a Commissioner on the CRT.
325:
English and U.S. independently produced artists such as
1577:"U.S. Copyright Panel Chief Resigns In Furor Over Book"
360:
and several others, produced by independent producer,
1207:. Government Accounting Office Archives. June 11, 1981
217:
and is in the soundtracks of several movies including
1468:"Lawrence Journal-World – Google News Archive Search"
1423:
Foundations of Sand: A Hard Look at the Soft Sciences
1226:"Copyright Royalty Tribunal Rate Adjustment Appealed"
356:(AIP) successful movie sound track albums, including
1443:"New Copyright Chief Edited Book Critical of Blacks"
500:, hit songwriter/artist George Jackson and others.
56:Ray had to leave Franklin to attend high school at
1421:Lawrence Hafstad, John Morse, Marianne Mele Hall,
1231:. Copyright Office Of The United States. July 1981
1202:"The Operation Of The Copyright Royalty Tribunal"
655:In January 2009, Ray became vice chairman of the
178:, and other R&B recording stars of that era.
652:Thorns And Roses, and Up From The Mountains.
364:, and the acquisition of the EMI rock group
8:
40:serving as Commissioner and Chairman of the
223:. "Hearts of Stone" is listed as one of
105:The Three Blazers featuring Charles Brown
372:Coburt Television Production/MGM Records
683:
1669:African-American history in Appalachia
488:represented by Ray while at SOM were
484:that was distributed by MGM Records.
7:
1674:People from Franklin, North Carolina
1659:Record producers from North Carolina
570:Appointment to US Copyright Tribunal
1052:Earl g. Graves, Ltd (August 1974).
14:
1054:"Black Enterprise – Google Books"
657:North Carolina Music Hall of Fame
647:North Carolina Music Hall of Fame
33:North Carolina Music Hall of Fame
696:Northcarolinamusichalloffame.org
418:that sold over a million units.
1664:Songwriters from North Carolina
1425:, Corsica Bookshop, June 1982,
1153:"Nominations, October 26, 1981"
354:American International Pictures
406:merchandising album featuring
310:, in Hollywood, California as
243:In February, 1955, Ray joined
1:
667:, to its present location in
239:Edward Ray At Capitol Records
77:Army Officer Candidate School
1554:. 1985-05-06. Archived from
1518:"Google News Archive Search"
698:. 2010-08-14. Archived from
535:, and the Bill Black Combo.
519:music publishing company.
472:In early 1974, Ray moved to
27:(born December 21, 1926, in
825:"Blue Ridge Rangers: Music"
665:Thomasville, North Carolina
482:Sam the Sham & Pharaohs
1690:
1602:"Billboard – Google Books"
1177:"Billboard – Google Books"
1128:"Billboard – Google Books"
1079:"Billboard – Google Books"
1028:"Billboard – Google Books"
1003:"Billboard – Google Books"
978:"Billboard - Google Books"
953:"Billboard - Google Books"
800:"Billboard – Google Books"
746:"Billboard – Google Books"
721:"Billboard – Google Books"
661:Kannapolis, North Carolina
506:Memphis State University's
327:Freddie & The Dreamers
62:Laurinburg, North Carolina
42:Copyright Royalty Tribunal
1552:Articles.sun-sentinel.com
984:. 1967-12-09. p. 24
806:. 1955-02-12. p. 38
752:. 1951-03-03. p. 70
727:. 1954-04-24. p. 25
129:Los Angeles City College
29:Franklin, North Carolina
1134:. 1977-05-28. p. 6
1108:Crossroadstofreedom.org
1034:. 1971-08-14. p. 3
1009:. 1970-03-14. p. 4
959:. 1965-05-08. p. 6
225:Broadcast Music, Inc.'s
498:Barbara and the Browns
314:(A&R) Director of
312:Artists and Repertoire
240:
211:The Blue Ridge Rangers
87:Distributing Company.
21:
597:Major League Baseball
238:
227:Award Winning Songs.
19:
1497:Articles.latimes.com
623:Tribunal controversy
540:In The Midnight Hour
511:In 1976, Ray joined
306:In 1964, Ray joined
127:Administration from
58:Laurinburg Institute
1528:on January 24, 2013
771:"Ray Edward Willey"
566:” and many others.
391:TV musical series.
903:Repertoire.bmi.com
775:Repertoire.bmi.com
564:Lets Stay Together
552:Hold On I’m Coming
474:Memphis, Tennessee
447:Hank Williams, Jr.
435:Donnie & Marie
241:
91:Early music career
22:
1447:Apnewsarchive.com
1157:Reagan.utexas.edu
899:"Hearts of Stone"
496:, the Ovations,
292:and many others.
69:Howard University
1681:
1635:
1634:
1632:Official website
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1606:Books.google.com
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1524:. Archived from
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905:. Archived from
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875:"Sunrise: Music"
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777:. Archived from
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513:Cream/Hi Records
492:, Jazz organist
460:MGM was sold to
443:Sammy Davis, Jr.
388:Midnight Special
245:Imperial Records
203:Bill Black Combo
191:Fontaine Sisters
121:Illinois Jacquet
73:Washington, D.C.
25:Edward Wiley Ray
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1558:on May 22, 2014
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1522:News.google.com
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379:Pierre Cossette
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358:The Wild Angels
308:Capitol Records
290:Billy J. Kramer
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183:Hearts of Stone
164:Clyde McPhatter
97:Aladdin Records
93:
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20:Edward Ray 2011
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1104:"Video Player"
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468:Mid–late 1970s
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416:Burt Bacharach
412:Dionne Warwick
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1610:. Retrieved
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