800:
31:
554:, who was not yet a party member. (He joined in 1926.) Putz was a working farmer who won widespread respect, since along with Hoernle he was one of the few people in a position to combine an influence on Communist Party policy with a deep knowledge of agriculture. He also undertook several missions to the Soviet Union with delegations of farmers, keen to acquire and share knowledge about what might become, from the Communist perspective, the future of farming. During 1927 and 1928 the party moved Hoernle back to
493:, but Meyer was also falling out of favour with the extremists who were in the ascendancy and during 1924 Edwin Hoernle ceased to be a member of the national Communist Party leadership team. There were also personal troubles. In 1923 Helene Hoernle left her husband and went to live with their friend and party comrade
627:. Although the scale of the killings for which the regime would later be remembered was not yet something that most people could have imagined, it very quickly became apparent that people identified as Jews and/or non-Nazi political activists were at heightened risk of persecution, arrest and worse. The
558:
to take charge at the "SĂĽddeutsche
Arbeiterzeitung" (regional party newspaper). Although there was necessary party work to be undertaken in Stuttgart, there are suggestions that it also suited the party leadership to send him away from Berlin because of the increasing vehemence with which he had been
639:
were in particular danger. The speed with which leading communists were rounded up before or shortly after dawn directly after the fire had been reported triggered questions in the international press - never convincingly answered - over how the government came to be so well prepared to announce the
361:
as a delegate from the
Stuttgart Young Socialists. He was arrested in June 1916 and sent to the frontline in August 1916 as a member of a "punishment battalion". He was arrested again in April 1917 and assigned to a Punishment Unit after it was determined that he had been distributing copies of the
517:
which weakened her control over the party on the domestic front. During the second half of the year
Hoernle found himself being sought by the police, and was obliged to live "illegally" (i.e. unregistered) till December 1924. A police profile from this time describes him as 1.72 meters (5 ft 7
823:
president of the
National Administration for Agriculture and Forestry, a role broadly equivalent to the Minister of Agriculture under a western-style civilian administration. He applied to be allowed to retire - almost certainly on genuine health grounds - early in 1948, but his resignation was
257:, which for many in the German political establishment was still not accepted as a "mainstream" political party. He also met Helene Heß (1886–1956), who later became his first wife. Their son Alfred wan born in 1906. At this stage, however, they moved in together without the benefit of any
640:
identities of those to be blamed for it. Hoernle himself avoided arrest through what one source identifies as a happy coincidence. During the night in question he was out, safely hidden at the home of Hedda Ickert (1902-1989), the woman who at around this time became his second wife.
1308:"Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten" Note that the online version of this biographical entry on Edwin Hoernle shares a single web page with a second biographical entry, also on Edwin Hoernle. The entry in the "Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten" appears on the second half of the page
526:
took place on 7 December 1924. The
Communists ended up with approximately 9% of the popular vote and 45 seats. Despite opposition from the party leadership in Berlin, one of those 45 seats went to Edwin Hoernle, who sat as the only Communist Member from the
1168:"Wer war wer in der DDR?" Note that the online version of this biographical entry on Edwin Hoernle shares a single web page with a second biographical entry, also on Edwin Hoernle. The entry in "Wer war wer in der DDR?" appears on the top half of the page
871:. He was arrested during 1936 and on 4 November 1937 sentenced to five years of imprisonment. According to testimonies provided by surviving fellow prisoners, Alfred Hoernle was suspected by comrades of having provided large amounts of information to the
189:. Hermann Hoernle, his father, was a Christian missionary who later became a rural parson. He was one of his parents' four recorded children. Because of his father's calling, Edwin Hoernle spent the earlier years of his childhood, till 1889, in the
389:
and quickly spread to the industrial cities and then, as frontline survivors made their way home to face unemployment and acute shortages, across the country more generally. In
Stuttgart Edwin Hoernle became a member of the city's
398:, although he is not listed among those who actually attended the new party's founding congress in Berlin, which took place over three days, between 30 December 1918 and 1 January 1919. At one stage he was editor in chief of
796:.) In Berlin Hoernle was one of sixteen co-signatories of the Party Central Committee's appeal to the German people which was published on 11 June 1944, calling for the creation of an Antifascist-Democratic future.
213:, he was already writing poems and beginning to distance himself ideologically from the Protestant piety of his parents. Hoernle was schooled privately between 1890 and 1896. He then attended secondary schools in
749:
which were now engaged in a highly detailed planning exercise for a German "nation building" project, Hoernle did help with work on their programme, most notably in respect of agriculture and land use planning.
666:. Till 1935 he was deputy director of the Department for Central Europe and Scandinavia. Thereafter, for the next five years, he headed up the department. Meanwhile, his progress had not gone unnoticed back in
430:
It was partly on account of his university education that among political comrades Edwin
Hoernle was respected as an expert on training and education. In October 1920 the national party leadership in
1540:
489:, but these two were blamed by comrades for the failure of the Hamburg uprising and summoned to Moscow to explain matters. Hoernle then aligned himself with the party "pragmatists" such as
438:
department) and was also, for many years, in charge of "Communist children's work". In addition he found time to publish books on political topics, along with several volumes of poetry.
1525:
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in
October 1923 triggered a wave of recrimination within the party and a fragmenting of party unity among the leadership. Hoernle initially aligned with the "right-wingers" around
434:
mandated him to set up an
Agriculture Department within the party structure. Till the end of 1922 he was responsible for the party's training department (which later became the
1545:
799:
1477:
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imposing the uncompromising Soviet approach to party strategy, Edwin
Hoernle's own influence with the party leadership continued to decline. Hoernle was no admirer of the
466:
30:
446:
825:
1535:
1478:"Aufruf des Zentralkomitees der Kommunistischen Partei an das deutsche Volk zum Aufbau eines antifaschistisch-demokratischen Deutschlands vom 11. Juni 1945"
542:, returned to work in the party's Agriculture Department, working on an agricultural policy which in some respects would be played out after 1945 in the
782:
741:
of high treason and sentenced to death. As the German military threat receded, Muscovites who had been evacuated to Tashkent were able to return to
576:
531:
electoral district. He remained a Reichstag member through a period of increasing political polarisation, leading to parliamentary deadlock, till
261:, a development which triggered family hostility. In 1909 the couple married and Edwin passed his "Theological service exam", taking work as a
1370:
1343:
1226:
754:
670:: his German citizenship was revoked in 1938. On a brighter note, there is no indication in the sources of his having been caught up in the
523:
161:
1100:"Aufruf des Zentralkomitees der Kommunistischen Partei an das deutsche Volk zum Aufbau eines antifaschistisch-demokratischen Deutschlands"
718:
815:
Almost immediately on his arrival in Berlin the zone's military administrators appointed him vice-president of the administration for
568:
342:
326:
306:
290:
274:
266:
254:
1007:
790:
1097:
Call from the Central Committee of the Communist Party to the German People for the Creation of an Antifascist-Democratic Germany
859:
Edwin Hoernle's son by his first marriage, Alfred Hoernle, became a skilled factory worker and was also politically engaged. After
410:
as a leading defendant in the so-called "Stuttgart Communist Trial". He was acquitted. In 1919 Hoernle was a co-founder of the
1072:
Ein Leben fĂĽr die Bauernbefreiung. Das Wirken Edwin Hoernles als Agrarpolitiker und eine Auswahl seiner agrarpolitischen Schriften
678:
version of Germany who had sought sanctuary in Moscow. It was also in 1938 that he received his doctorate in "Applied Economics" (
876:
889:
Hinter den Kulissen einer königlichen Hofbühne. Ein Beitrag zur sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Lage der deutschen Bühnenkünstler
490:
1303:
1163:
648:
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accepted only in September 1949. He now accepted a less onerous posting as Dean of Faculty for Agriculture Policy at the
246:
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which peaked in 1938 and which interrupted or terminated the careers of many other high-profile political refugees from
710:
691:
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418:, which he led during 1919/20. Meanwhile, he worked as editor-in-chief of the newspapers "Kommunist" and "Der Pflug" (
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1164:"Hoernle, Edwin: * 11.12.1883, †21.7.1952 Präsident der Deutschen Zentralverwaltung für Land- u. Forstwirtschaft"
547:
415:
273:. Over the next few years he supported himself as a private tutor and contributed political articles to various
242:
210:
58:
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he was "hanged" by fellow prisoners. He seems to have survived that treatment, but was then starved to death.
745:
as the end of the war began to appear on the horizon. Although he was not himself a member of the core 30-man
473:
for most of 1923. His previously published poetry he now identified as "by-products of Communist Party Work" (
662:
Between December 1933 and November 1940 Hoernle was employed at the International Agriculture Institute in
571:
were the class enemy and there could be no question of co-operating with them to resist the rising tide of
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820:
786:
766:
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141:
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628:
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Military defeat in November 1918 was followed by a year of revolutionary uprisings which started with a
978:
Die Industrialisierung der deutschen Landwirtschaft, eine neue Phase kapitalistischer Monopolherrschaft
686:. In 1940 he became an academic researcher at the Institute for International Economics and Politics (
635:, which occurred at the end of February 1933, demonstrated that leading members of the (now outlawed)
330:
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1362:"Wahnwitzige Parteidebatten, ekelhafte persönliche Differenzen": Opponent der Fischer-Maslow-Führung
916:
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strategy for planning to use the trades union movement as a vehicle for taking power by force from
391:
346:
907:
Die kommunistische Schule. Schulprogramm der Freien Sozialistischen Jugend Deutschlands (Entwurf).
1458:
1380:
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808:
733:. Here he taught and pursued research into Science and German History. By this time, back in
698:
819:. As a more extensive administrative structure was established, on 15 August 1945 he became the
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265:. Three months later he broke with his family, quit the church and, early in 1910, joined the
1442:
1002:. Hrsg. von Lutz von Werder und Reinhart Wolff. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt 1973.
969:
519:
478:
357:. On 23/24 April 1916 he attended the (illegal) "Opposition Socialist Youth" conference in
354:
226:
157:
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1310:. Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin
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Sabine Hering (June 2004). ""Das proletarische Kind" .... Zur Pädagogik Edwin Hoernles".
1170:. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin
301:, who soon became a personal friend of the Hoerles. During the politically fevered pre-
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Edwin Hoernle died of heart failure, after a long period of illness, at a sanatorium in
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Grundfragen der proletarischen Erziehung. Pädagogische und bildungspolitische Schriften
840:
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632:
610:
580:
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992:. Hrsg. von Lutz von Werder und Reinhart Wolff. März Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1969.(=
655:, which was quickly becoming one of two informal headquarter locations for the exiled
643:
In April 1933, in obedience to a resolution of the party leadership, Hoernle fled to
35:
Edwin Hoernle speaking at the 1st Conference for Youth and Children's Literature. 1950
1519:
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Der Jud’ ist Schuld . Ein ernstes Wort an alle Kleinbauern, Häusler und Landarbeiter!
559:
participating in disagreements within the leadership. After 1929, with the Stalinist
366:). Badly wounded, in October 1918 he was transferred to an army hospital facility in
334:
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278:
182:
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54:
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during November/December 1922, and was elected as a second German member (alongside
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729:, in October 1941 Hoernle was among tens of thousands of evacuees sent to live in
406:
newspaper. However, he spent six months between January and June 1919 detained in
753:
In 1943 Hoernle was one of those who successfully called for the creation of the
317:, and seen by commentators as Germany's leading journal of the Social Democratic
1193:
1068:. Ausgewählt und eingeleitet von Wolfgang Mehnert. Volk und Wissen, Berlin 1958.
816:
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258:
1476:
Arnd Bauerkämper (compiler-presenter of archived facsimile) (11 June 1945).
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309:
publications to which Hoerle contributed, including the bi-monthly magazine
218:
186:
84:
936:
Die Arbeiterklasse und ihre Kinder. Ein ernstes Wort an die Arbeitereltern
522:. 1924 was another crisis year, and a year of two general elections. The
1018:. Verlagsgenossenschaft Ausländischer Arbeiter in der UdSSR, Moskau 1936.
730:
435:
230:
872:
695:
238:
145:
1482:
100(0) SchlĂĽsseldokumente zur deutschen Geschichte im 20. Jahrhundert
924:. Hrsg., Nachwort von Hansgeorg Meyer. Kinderbuchverlag, Berlin 1980.
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778:
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250:
222:
153:
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received a party reprimand because they were deeply critical of the
477:). Meanwhile, the failure (from the Communist viewpoint) of the
798:
781:
to (the previously central third of) Germany, which was now being
262:
1505:
826:(East) German "Walter Ulbricht" Academy for Civil Jurisprudence (
761:. He also made his own direct contribution as a teacher at the
441:
Between 1921 and 1924 Edwin Hoernle was a member of the national
293:
Hoerle gravitated towards the left-wing, becoming a supporter of
901:
Sozialistische Jugenderziehung und sozialistische Jugendbewegung
386:
358:
942:
Arbeiter, Bauer und Spartakus. Ein BĂĽhnenspiel in einem Aufzug.
705:
of people to be sought out and dealt with in the event of the
932:. Berlin und Leipzig 1921. (Polemik gegen den Antisemitismus)
160:, he was a founding member in July 1943 of the Soviet-backed
513:
in May 1924. However, Fischer was never entirely trusted by
185:, a rapidly industrialising suburb on the northern edge of
136:(11 December 1883 – 21 July 1952) was a German politician (
789:. (The zone would be relaunched in October 1949 as the
725:
of the Soviet Union.) As the fighting drew closer to
205:
At the age of ten, by now growing up in the village of
828:"Deutsche Akademie fĂĽr Staats- und Rechtswissenschaft"
847:, in the extreme south of what had by now become the
836:(in the countryside on the southern side of Berlin).
1057:
Die demokratische Bodenreform in der Bewährungsprobe
1051:
Die Bodenreform. Ein Weg zu Demokratie und Frieden.
538:From 1925 Edwin Hoernle, together with his comrade
121:
113:
103:
95:
69:
40:
21:
1541:Executive Committee of the Communist International
1327:
1325:
1034:und Dieter Lange. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1983. (=
721:had broken down in June 1941 with the launch of a
602:After several years of parliamentary deadlock the
1332:Milorad M. Drachkovitch; Branko Lazitch (1986).
986:. Verlag der Jugendinternationale, Berlin 1929.
518:in) tall with dark blonde hair and a pronounced
509:took steps to block Hoernle's candidacy for the
1526:Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
980:. Internationaler Arbeiter-Verlag, Berlin 1928.
948:Die Arbeit in dem Kommunistischen Kindergruppen
863:he served (illegally) as the head of the local
229:with an infantry regiment in 1903. He studied
125:(Immanuel Gottlieb) Hermann Hoernle (1839–1907)
1531:Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
651:. By the end of 1933 he had made his way to
394:. He is also described as a co-founder of the
362:illegal anti-war so-called "Spartakusbriefe" (
1441:. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham (CH).
1221:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 197–198.
950:. Verlag der Arbeiterbuchhandlung, Wien 1923.
897:. Spartakus Verlag, Stuttgart-Degerloch 1918.
586:In 1931 Edwin Hoernle was a co-author of the
374:Post war chaos and Communist Party membership
333:. After war broke out he and his co-editors,
8:
1546:Socialist Unity Party of Germany politicians
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1153:
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1147:
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1139:
1137:
1036:Antifaschistische Literatur in der Bewährung
956:Verlag der Jugendinternationale, Wien 1924.
938:. Internationaler Jugendverlag, Berlin 1921.
688:"Institut fĂĽr Weltwirtschaft u. Weltpolitik"
475:"Nebenprodukte kommunistischer Parteiarbeit"
193:. His mother, Marie, was the daughter of an
1365:. BoD – Books on Demand. pp. 248–249.
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1119:
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505:The party's new left-wing leadership under
345:, which had implemented what amounted to a
1432:
1430:
1428:
29:
18:
16:German politician, educator and agronomist
849:German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
550:Germany. One of Hoernle's colleagues was
392:Workers' and Soldiers' Soviet ("Council")
269:"Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands"
1512:, with 13 library catalogue records
1335:Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern
1000:Grundfragen der proletarischen Erziehung
990:Grundfragen der proletarischen Erziehung
984:Grundfragen der proletarischen Erziehung
972:. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin und Weimar 1968.
777:In May 1945 Edwin Hoernle returned from
694:. In 1941 his name was included on the
99:Politician, exonomis, author-journalist,
1113:
1090:
755:National Committee for a Free Germany (
162:National Committee for a Free Germany (
107:1. Helene (Wilhelmine) Heß (1886–1956)
1556:People from the Kingdom of WĂĽrttemberg
1536:Communist Party of Germany politicians
1388:
1378:
1244:
1234:
201:Education, politics and first marriage
127:(Beate) Marie (Emilie) Walker (1849–?)
803:Edwin Hoernle (left) with the writer
353:. In 1916 Hoerle joined the anti-war
349:over the issue of voting to fund the
156:where, during the final years of the
7:
1053:Deutscher Bauernverlag, Berlin 1946.
903:. Verlag "Junge Garde", Berlin 1919.
757:"Nationalkomitee Freies Deutschland"
321:. In 1912 he became editor of the
164:"Nationalkomitee Freies Deutschland"
501:Reichstag membership and party work
253:that he came into contact with the
1359:Florian Wilde (16 November 2018).
1338:. Hoover Press. pp. 177–178.
1024:. Editions Promethee, Paris 1939.
944:Verlag "Junge Garde", Berlin 1921.
909:Verlag "Junge Garde", Berlin 1919.
709:coming under German control. (The
14:
1028:Deutsche Bauern unterm Hakenkreuz
1022:Deutsche Bauern unterm Hakenkreuz
445:leadership team. He attended the
249:between 1904 and 1909. It was in
1080:. Kinderbuchverlag, Berlin 1976.
1047:. Verlag Neuer Weg, Berlin 1945.
915:. Oskar Wöhrle, Stuttgart 1920.
877:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
647:: he engaged actively with the
1407:"Brüder, seht, die rote Fahne…"
583:"bourgeois" political parties.
305:years there were various other
1411:Rote Seiten .... Sascha's Welt
1078:Der kleine König und die Sonne
1043:Wilhelm Pieck, Edwin Hoernle:
221:, successfully completing his
1:
1059:. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1947.
1016:Bauern unterm Joch. Erzählung
592:"Bauernhilfsprogramm" der KPD
467:Comintern Executive Committee
1074:. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1965.
598:National Socialism and exile
567:concept which asserted that
285:Journalism and the war years
891:. Schimmel, Stuttgart 1914.
680:"Wirtschaftswissenschaften"
573:National Socialist populism
223:school final exams (Abitur)
109:2. Hedda Ickert (1902–1989)
1582:
1196:(online). 29 November 1947
1045:Demokratische Bodenreform;
962:Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1963.
794:German Democratic Republic
684:Soviet Academy of Sciences
657:Communist Party of Germany
590:"Farm Support Programme" (
225:in 1902. He performed his
181:Edwin Hoernle was born in
177:Provenance and early years
117:Alfred Hoernle (1906-1942)
1447:10.1007/s12054-004-0069-4
1218:Edwin Hoernle (1883–1952)
451:Communist International (
329:regional daily newspaper
267:Social Democratic Party (
28:
968:. Mit einem Vorwort von
883:Publications (selection)
767:"Gorky"/ Nizhny Novgorod
737:, he had been convicted
711:non-aggression agreement
396:(German) Communist Party
255:Social Democratic Party
960:Rote Lieder. Gedichte.
954:Rote Lieder. Gedichte.
812:
787:Soviet occupation zone
763:Prisoner of War school
701:"Sonderfahndungsliste"
575:. Nor did he back the
544:Soviet occupation zone
457:, which took place in
142:agricultural economist
1484:. Bundesarchiv Berlin
1160:Helmut MĂĽller-Enbergs
966:Das Herz muĂź schlagen
875:: while held in the
867:on the sub-region of
805:Michael Tschesno-Hell
802:
699:Special Wanted List (
649:Communist Party there
609:in January 1933. The
447:Fourth World Congress
140:), author, educator,
1030:. Herausgegeben von
895:Aus Krieg und Kerker
869:Berlin-Reinickendorf
807:and the illustrator
672:Stalinist spy purges
331:Schwäbische Tagwacht
323:"Feuilleton section"
259:marriage certificate
146:Marxist theoretician
1510:Library of Congress
1215:Jack Zipes (1997).
1190:"Kolchosen-Märchen"
922:Oculi. Eine Auswahl
692:Academy of Sciences
617:the country into a
604:National Socialists
469:. He remained in
347:parliamentary truce
1413:. 9 September 2018
813:
809:Ingeborg Meyer-Rey
719:Soviet governments
1551:Marxist theorists
1372:978-3-86764-773-1
1345:978-0-8179-8403-8
1228:978-0-299-15744-9
873:security services
611:Hitler government
588:Communist Party's
487:August Thalheimer
483:Heinrich Brandler
364:Spartacus Letters
277:journals such as
131:
130:
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970:Alexander Abusch
913:Die Oculi-Fabeln
855:Personal tragedy
791:Soviet sponsored
569:Social Democrats
479:Hamburg Uprising
402:"Die Rote Fahne"
355:Spartacus League
343:party leadership
319:women's movement
227:military service
158:Second World War
76:
51:11 December 1883
50:
48:
33:
19:
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1311:
1304:"Edwin Hoernle"
1294:
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1214:
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1197:
1188:
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1098:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1032:Lothar Berthold
885:
865:Communist Party
857:
841:Bad Liebenstein
775:
723:German invasion
637:Communist Party
600:
524:second of these
520:Swabian dialect
503:
443:Communist Party
428:
376:
339:Arthur Crispien
287:
203:
179:
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