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as "Col. Stoopnagle." Hammons spent most of 1938 and 1939 in negotiations to secure financing and reimburse creditors. He remained optimistic, announcing a new slate of 26 one-reel films and 18 two-reel comedies for 1939-40 under the
Educational banner, but the drain on his finances forced both Grand
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in 1933. He accepted an offer to make a film in Europe. Upon his return to
Hollywood in 1934, he made a screen comeback with Educational in a series of two-reel comedies. Most of these are simple visual comedies, with many of the gags supplied by Keaton himself, often recycling ideas from his family
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Twentieth
Century-Fox had been distributing Educational product to theaters. It has long been thought that Fox dropped its line of short comedies in 1938 and withdrew its financial support from Educational, but in fact it was the other way around: it was Earle Hammons who discontinued Educational's
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featured a faithful transcription of York & King's successful vaudeville sketch "The Sleigh Ride", but the team's racy dialogue ran into trouble in small towns. A Maine exhibitor reported, "I didn't dare use it I showed it to some of my friends and the staff and they laughed until they cried.
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and
Shirley Temple, two-reel, 1932–1934), Star Personality Comedies (Buster Keaton, Joe Cook, Willie Howard; two-reel, 1934–1938); Young Romance Comedies (two-reel, 1934–1935); Song and Comedy Hits (one-reel musical comedies, 1935–1938); and Col. Stoopnagle's Cavalcade of Stuff (Educational's last
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By 1936, for economic reasons, Educational had been concentrating its production in New York. Earle
Hammons invited Keaton to make comedies there, perhaps in a bid for Keaton to relocate. Keaton agreed to three New York productions, but returned to California where he finished out his Educational
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Educational's short comedies sometimes show their low budgets, with noticeably limited sets and facilities. This is because
Educational didn't have its own physical plant. Earle Hammons, rather than purchasing, equipping, and maintaining a studio, found it cheaper and easier to send his crews to
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The use of the logo in film credits was unique to
Educational. The shorts would begin with the opening title card, usually having "E. W. Hammons presents" at the top, followed by the title of the short. The Educational logo would then appear full screen. Normally, studios would have their logos
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Like other short-subject producers, Educational
Pictures marketed its assorted offerings in individual series. Among these were Bruce Scenics (travelogues, 1918–1920), Lyman Howe's Hodge Podge (miscellaneous human-interest shorts; the series outlived its creator); Treasure Chest (miscellaneous
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to movie audiences. But
Sennett soon became plagued by financial problems, and he left Educational in 1932. Most of Educational's silent stars made only a few talkies for the studio: Lupino Lane left the company in 1930, followed by Lloyd Hamilton and Al St. John in 1931. Most of the earliest
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short-subject production, allowed his agreement with Fox to expire, and declined to renew it. Other studios approached
Hammons with similar distribution deals for short subjects, but Hammons was anxious to enter the feature-film market. He joined forces with the financially troubled
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at the 20th Century-Fox film storage facility, but the sound comedies survive today. On October 21, 2017 CineMuseum LLC, a consortium of film archivists, secured exclusive rights to the Educational sound comedies, with plans to restore and re-release them to media outlets.
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Hammons had stockpiled enough shorts to keep Educational going through June 1938; these films were distributed by Fox. The last two Educational shorts appeared in January 1939, released through Grand National; these were newsreel satires with radio and screen comic
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suburban locations where scenes could be photographed outdoors, or to rental studios that offered both space and equipment to independent producers. Outdoor shooting continued until the very last Educational comedy, released in 1939.
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appear before the opening titles, while Educational placed its logo after the opening credits. At the end, there would be a standard end title card with the mini-logo for Educational Pictures appearing somewhere in the end title.
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series. Buster Keaton was Educational's most expensive talent and Hammons, forced to economize, could no longer afford the comedian's services. Hammons discontinued west coast operations after the last Keaton short was completed.
475:. Most of the later Educational series focused on youth; besides being less expensive talent, they lent a high level of energy to their performances. Educational's freshman class included the comedy/dance team of
384:(one-reel, 1931–1932); Tuxedo Comedies (two-reel, 1924–1931 and 1935–1936); Ideal Comedies (1930–1932); Vanity Comedies (1931–1932); Baby Burlesks (Shirley Temple; one-reel, 1932–1933), Frolics of Youth (
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for Educational Pictures. Running time: 21:57. A short comic children's film about a boy and a girl who experience all manner of adventures with a dog, a horse, a monkey, and other animals.
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Hammons established the company to make instructional films for schools, but making comedies for theatrical release proved more lucrative. Educational did issue many educational,
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consists of a genie's lamp, above which the words "Educational Pictures" appear formed by the smoke from the lamp. Below the lamp, enclosed in quotation marks are the words
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starred in a series inspired by his "Gags 'n' Gals" newspaper cartoons. Character comedian George Shelton was now working solo; he and partner Tom Howard reunited on radio's
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During its last year of production (1937-1938), Educational confined filming to New York. The technical staff was a small, close-knit crew: producer-director
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For a time Educational filmed its comedies on both coasts. The Hollywood productions, in addition to those of Clyde, Langdon, and Keaton, hosted comedy stars
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Earle Hammons replaced Buster Keaton with Broadway comic Willie Howard, who appeared as the Hebrew Frenchman "Pierre Ginsbairge." Hammons also signed
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Perhaps the most controversial series was the Marriage Wows (1934–35), comprising only three two-reel shorts starring husband-and-wife comics:
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subjects); Coronet Comedies (one-reel subjects, 1929–1931 and 1934–1936); Lloyd Hamilton Talking Comedies (two-reel, 1929–1931);
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75:(1932–34). The company ceased production in 1938, and finally closed in 1940 when its film library was sold at auction.
483:(reminiscent of Educational's bygone star Lloyd Hamilton), wisecracking comedian Harriet Hutchins, ingenues June Allyson and
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complemented many a moviehouse bill as "the spice of the program." During the 1920s, most of the comedies were produced by
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Educational made a smooth transition to sound movies by handling the early talking comedies of pioneer producer
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Buster Keaton, despite a successful feature-film career, had experienced personal problems and was fired from
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and briefest series – only two one-reel comedies issued just before the studio closed its doors, 1939).
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all won Fox contracts after starring for Educational. Many stars made debuts in Educational shorts:
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It's a corker, but don't show it in Sunday school." The series was dropped without fanfare.
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and Pat Rooney, Jr., singers Niela Goodelle and Lee Sullivan, mild-mannered comic
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Educational replaced the Sennett films with star-name comedians. Andy Clyde and
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Educational talkies feature silent-comedy veterans with stage experience:
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Educational also produced animated film shorts. This 1918 short features
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continued the arrangement. This resulted in Educational becoming Fox's "
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vaudeville act and his earlier films. The high point in this series is
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for two-reelers, and continued his musical-comedy series with dancers
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Stardust and Shadows: Canadians in Early Hollywood, by Charles Foster
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Educational had been releasing its own product until 1933, when
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Announcement on Facebook by Paul Gierucki of CineMuseum, 2017.
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headlined a series that yielded 16 popular two-reel comedies.
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led Educational's release schedule for a few years, and then
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Stereoscopic Cinema and the Origins of 3-D Film, 1838-1952
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Product Guide and Directors' Annual, 1937 edition, p. 87.
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Educational also released silent cartoons, including the
938:(1937 with Buster Keaton; his final Educational comedy)
71:(1934–37) and the earliest screen appearances of
67:; it is best known for its series of comedies starring
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This Film Is Dangerous: A Celebration of Nitrate Film
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animated cartoons in America and British countries.
1195:, International Federation of Film Archives, 2002.
1055:Lloyd Hamilton: Poor Boy Comedian of Silent Cinema
288:and George Shelton, the Sisters of the Skillet (
63:(1882–1962). Educational primarily distributed
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1130:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1120:. Thames Television. pp. Episode three.
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525:, 1947), and Bob Hope and Milton Berle (
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1078:The Theater and Cinema of Buster Keaton
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982:Col. Stoopnagle's Cavalcade of Stuff #2
154:. Sennett also introduced singing star
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55:, was an American film production and
1116:Gill, David, Brownlow, Kevin (1987).
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127:(under the pseudonym Fred Hibbard).
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988:(1939, the final Educational comedy)
1118:Buster Keaton: A Hard Act to Follow
1043:A History of the Hal Roach Studios
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18:Educational Film Corp. of America
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194:Educational Pictures ad in
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568:The Spice of the Program
187:, who made 54 comedies.
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562:Educational Pictures's
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121:Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle
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1019:The Great Movie Shorts
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357:Sons of the Pioneers
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924:Herman Timberg, Jr.
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635:(1925, with
630:
619:(1925, with
616:
609:(1924, with
606:
593:
592:Silent film
572:
567:
561:
536:
526:
520:
516:
512:
506:
497:
489:
470:
452:
445:
436:
431:
424:
413:
405:
401:
393:
391:
378:
337:Imogene Coca
333:June Allyson
329:Milton Berle
298:
278:Sylvia Froos
266:Will Mahoney
262:Lillian Roth
242:Ernest Truex
223:
219:
203:
195:
152:Mack Sennett
149:
129:
90:
52:
48:
44:
43:
35:
1033:by Ray Zone
881:Blue Blazes
866:Way Up Thar
820:Warren Hull
806:Al Christie
725:Bing Crosby
715:Vernon Dent
681:Al St. John
661:Jules White
647:Lupino Lane
621:Al St. John
611:Lige Conley
607:Air Pockets
539:silent film
485:Sally Starr
459:Buster West
448:Al Christie
290:Ralph Dumke
282:Warren Hull
161:Vernon Dent
156:Bing Crosby
146:Sound films
105:Lige Conley
101:Lupino Lane
97:Al St. John
1227:Categories
1169:Film Daily
1157:Film Daily
1145:Film Daily
994:References
976:Danny Kaye
962:All's Fair
870:Joan Davis
856:Mr. Widget
840:Tom Howard
776:Andy Clyde
632:The Movies
353:Roy Rogers
341:Danny Kaye
317:Joan Davis
286:Tom Howard
274:Irene Ryan
185:Andy Clyde
140:Terrytoons
136:Paul Terry
117:Jack White
93:travelogue
1126:cite book
946:Bert Lahr
830:Easy Aces
826:Dumb Luck
760:in Africa
543:1937 fire
529:, 1948).
455:Bert Lahr
410:Rose King
398:Easy Aces
396:with the
394:Dumb Luck
309:farm team
860:Joe Cook
792:Bob Hope
741:Joe Rock
732:Krakatoa
355:and the
325:Bob Hope
321:Leah Ray
301:Fox Film
254:Joe Cook
687:, and
533:Legacy
400:, and
363:Series
347:, and
319:, and
240:, and
200:, 1929
179:, and
111:, and
984:with
1132:link
974:and
818:and
778:and
713:and
564:logo
550:Logo
461:and
404:and
280:and
272:and
236:and
296:.
270:Tim
51:or
1229::
1128:}}
1124:{{
683:,
570:.
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343:,
339:,
335:,
327:,
315:,
284:,
268:,
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260:,
256:,
252:,
232:,
228:,
175:,
171:,
167:,
163:,
107:,
103:,
99:,
1134:)
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20:)
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