362:. These donors typically allocate their money to building classrooms, sending textbooks, and training teachers in areas affected by conflict. Teacher training institutions are particularly effective long-term, because they can affect exponential change. One trained teacher can make a difference to a multitude of students. While these modest improvements are significant, international aid has been criticized for being too little, and too slow to take effect.
214:
shown to be an issue where in certain areas of the country, very little time is actually spent learning in the classroom. Even when teachers are present, there is a good chance that the teacher is untrained. Estimates show that as many as 7,500 teachers are not qualified to teach primary school. Overcrowding is yet another problem in classrooms, and in 2009, it was judged that there were on average 129 students per classroom.
240:
age, which leaves less time for girls to attend school and to study. Violence can be a deterrent for parents considering sending their daughters to school in South Sudan. If the distance to school is large, fear of attacks by men while on the way to or from school is a huge concern. Lack of facilities also prevents girls from attending school. Most schools do not have separate
300:. Since independence, the universities have been slowly moving back to the region. The process is hindered by the cost of rebuilding, and many faculty members are unwilling to move to South Sudan, where the cost of living is significantly higher. Other challenges include the increasing enrollment rates, a 50% increase to 6,000 at the
304:
from the '08/'09 school year to the '09/'10 school year. The universities are not yet equipped with the facilities to operate with so many students. Available facilities for on-campus housing are insubstantial and this can be a deterrent to parents sending daughters to receive a university education.
192:
has stated, conflict disallows children from attending school and building the skills needed to be a productive society member. Conversely, many refugees from the civil war are returning in droves to South Sudan. Only established in 2011, South Sudan's infrastructure is not up to par yet. However the
239:
areas. Prioritization of boys' education over girls' leads to girls being removed from school earlier. If a family cannot afford to send all of their children to school, the interests of the boys' education will be favored. Further, girls' domestic responsibilities within the household increase with
213:
as the preferred language in schools. Currently teachers lack
English educational material or the capability to teach in that language. There is presently no unified standard of curriculum for the whole country. This leads to differences in outcome for the students. Teacher absenteeism has also been
163:
sought to levy upon oil flowing through their pipelines. It is predicted that the educational budget could be decreased dramatically. The inability of the government to fund schools leads to high education costs that most families cannot afford. An additional challenge faced by students in certain
222:
While all of the above described issues apply generally to students in South Sudan, certain cultural practices add greater difficulty for girls seeking education at any level. South Sudan currently has one of the lowest globally ranked levels of
341:
countries. While these efforts have been met with mild successes like the increase in enrollment, a much greater commitment will be required to bring South Sudan up to international standards. Some of the major donors include the
433:
by 2015 and the amount of international aid received by South Sudan. This gap amounts to about 400 million (USD) annually, most of which would be used to build schools, and post-2015 this cost would greatly decrease.
86:
of 2005 parents are pushing for their children to attend school. While facilities are still widely lacking, 500 new schools have been built. These new structures serve the 1.4 million children who are now attending
305:
Safety and protection worries are still an issue at this level of education for women. The complete lack of latrines for women on campus can be another barrier to high education. Some women have found that having
394:
after several years in the application process. The new membership status allowed for the creation of the South Sudan
Transition Fund, amounting to 75 million (USD). Current plans by major donors include:
964:
280:
have a male graduation rate of about 16%, while girls' graduation rates lag behind at 9%. For the reasons discussed above, girls are at a clear disadvantage in education. Completing
23:
system challenging. There are also certain traditional cultural ideas about women which make it more difficult for girls to get an education than their male counterparts.
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193:
repatriates put an even greater strain on the slim resources. Many of these refugees had received better education during their time in refugee camps in places like
19:
can be attributed to a number of factors. The lack of funds and infrastructure, along with a poor and mostly illiterate population makes establishing an effective
251:
rate, South Sudan ranks lowest in the world. Two-thirds of the approximately two million illiterate South
Sudanese are women and a girl is more likely to die in
111:, poor health of its citizens, and inaccessibility to schools that are overcrowded, underfunded, and operated by unqualified teachers. South Sudan has the worst
995:
74:
instead of local languages. The new schools were also inaccessible to most of the population. The educational opportunities became even more dismal once the
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1455:
235:
associated with marriage can be a lucrative incentive for parents to marry their daughters off at an early age. This practice is especially common in
107:
Many issues prevent the educational infrastructure in South Sudan from reaching its full potential, including poverty, governmental failures, ongoing
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78:
broke out. The on-and-off civil warfare devastated educational prospects for generations of
Sudanese, due to high costs, lack of buildings, and
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1308:
1201:
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988:
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95:'s official independence in 2011 left Africa's newest country without a basic infrastructure in place, with some of the worst
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965:"The World Bank Group Reiterates its Commitment to South Sudan's Development as the Country Becomes the Bank's Newest Member"
408:: South Sudan Education Programmes plans for the building of 32 primary and 4 secondary schools, the delivery of millions of
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Girls are more likely to be enrolled later and removed from primary school earlier than their male student counterparts.
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are a cornerstone to South Sudan's future plans for education. The plan is to be within reach of the goals by 2015. The
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for girls, and those without access to sanitary napkins are more likely to not attend school while menstruating.
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has a provision for "free and compulsory education at the primary level." South Sudan also seeks to build more
209:, teacher absenteeism, teachers who are untrained, and overcrowded classrooms. South Sudan had decided to use
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382:, increase access to education for adults and adolescents, improve the quality of education, and close the
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in the world. Two of the biggest reasons for girls dropping out of school include early marriage and early
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rates of South Sudan. Challenges faced in the classrooms include language disparities, un-unified
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efforts is underfunding. There is a large gap between what South Sudan will require to meet the
720:"Education in Southern Sudan: War, status, and challenges of achieving Education for All Goals"
614:
Brown, Gordon; Kevin
Watkins (2012). "Education in South Sudan: investing in a better future".
556:
Brown, Gordon; Kevin
Watkins (2012). "Education in South Sudan: investing in a better future".
317:
believe that women should not be educated, and others are dissuaded by the assumed increase in
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426:
379:
140:
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International involvement in South Sudan's education reform has been vast, including various
492:
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281:
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from primary school. In 2005, the female:male enrollment rate in primary school was 35:100.
210:
949:
UNESCO (June 2011). "Building a better future: Education for an independent South Sudan".
755:
UNESCO (June 2011). "Building a better future: Education for an independent South Sudan".
740:
UNESCO (June 2011). "Building a better future: Education for an independent South Sudan".
703:
UNESCO (June 2011). "Building a better future: Education for an independent South Sudan".
689:
649:
UNESCO (June 2011). "Building a better future: Education for an independent South Sudan".
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lacks the money and institutional framework to offer much help. South Sudan is rich in
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has been found to deter early marriage and provide opportunity for girls by producing
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displaces citizens and unhinges government services. In 2008, there were 300,000 such
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343:
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189:
727:
Respect, Sudanese
Journal for Human Rights' Culture and Issues of Cultural Diversity
387:
202:
132:
67:
63:
59:
47:
930:
Faye, Reidun (2010). "Barriers to higher education for women in
Southern Sudan".
911:
Faye, Reidun (2010). "Barriers to higher education for women in
Southern Sudan".
858:
Faye, Reidun (2010). "Barriers to higher education for women in
Southern Sudan".
806:
Faye, Reidun (2010). "Barriers to higher education for women in Southern Sudan".
787:
Faye, Reidun (2010). "Barriers to higher education for women in Southern Sudan".
537:
Faye, Reidun (2010). "Barriers to higher education for women in Southern Sudan".
518:
Faye, Reidun (2010). "Barriers to higher education for women in Southern Sudan".
475:
Akrawi, Matta (1960). "Educational Planning in a Developing Country: the Sudan".
1004:
825:
Kirk, Jackie (November 2005). "Gender, education, and peace in southern Sudan".
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152:
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During the civil war, the four major universities in South Sudan relocated to
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Poverty and lack of government funds greatly limits the extent to which
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in 1956, the ineffective church-run schools were shut down in a wave of
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185:
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colony from 1899 to 1956, there was not much effort on the part of the
50:
provided limited schooling. However, these schools were taught in the
402:: 30 million (USD) program to build three teacher training facilities
359:
144:
71:
36:
898:"Ambitious higher education reform plans for Africa's newest nation"
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with ongoing violence are bound to suffer more later because, as
458:, a documentary film about the gender gap in education in Africa
334:
977:
877:
Brown, Tim (November 2005). "Education Crisis in south Sudan".
773:. IRIN: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
156:
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for girls. In April 2012, South Sudan became a member of the
131:, more than half of the South Sudanese people live below the
771:"Sudan: Improvements in Education—but mainly for the boys"
664:
Ministry of General Education and Instruction (2012).
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is the continual fighting between different factions.
91:, which is a two-fold increase from five years ago.
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Institutional levels of education available to women
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1280:
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201:of more educated persons is increasing the overall
321:price that would come with a more educated woman.
616:Gordon and Sarah Brown Education for All Campaign
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558:Gordon and Sarah Brown Education for All Campaign
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54:which did not help children become permanently
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666:"General Education Strategic Plan 2012-2017"
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155:have been completely cut off, due to a high
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951:Education for All Global Monitoring Report
757:Education for All Global Monitoring Report
742:Education for All Global Monitoring Report
705:Education for All Global Monitoring Report
651:Education for All Global Monitoring Report
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421:: plans for 100 new schools to be built
70:schools were created, and schools used
17:Educational inequalities in South Sudan
685:
674:
412:, and to target impediments to girls'
7:
449:List of universities in South Sudan
27:History of education in South Sudan
718:Deng, Luka Biong (November 2006).
127:can be improved. According to the
14:
1041:Southern Sudan Autonomous Region
932:Bergen University College Journal
913:Bergen University College Journal
860:Bergen University College Journal
845:"CIA World Factbook: South Sudan"
808:Bergen University College Journal
789:Bergen University College Journal
539:Bergen University College Journal
520:Bergen University College Journal
477:International Review of Education
425:The biggest problem facing these
325:International and NGO involvement
147:, representing 98% of government
218:Additional challenges for girls
1:
1456:Women's rights in South Sudan
1057:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
309:is also an obstacle to their
272:Primary and secondary schools
84:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
1062:2011 independence referendum
1032:Addis Ababa Agreement (1972)
431:Millennium Development Goals
372:Millennium Development Goals
39:power to establish schools.
1451:Women's education in Africa
1334:Water supply and sanitation
376:Constitution of South Sudan
115:in education in the world.
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618:: 8, 16, 18–24, 26, 31–32.
197:. The result is that this
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1289:
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1140:
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1037:Second Sudanese Civil War
137:government of South Sudan
99:indicators in the world.
1446:Education in South Sudan
1145:Administrative divisions
1077:South Sudanese Civil War
1027:First Sudanese Civil War
900:. University World News.
572:"South Sudan: Education"
444:Education in South Sudan
366:Future development plans
879:Forced Migration Review
827:Forced Migration Review
455:These Girls Are Missing
143:with oil as their main
1067:United Nations Mission
684:Cite journal requires
633:"South Sudan Overview"
184:in South Sudan. These
386:in education through
151:. However, recently
489:1960IREdu...6..257A
1253:Telecommunications
497:10.1007/bf01416699
302:University of Juba
247:With a 16% female
119:General challenges
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1165:Foreign relations
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967:. The World Bank.
635:. The World Bank.
427:international aid
380:secondary schools
337:, and individual
141:natural resources
97:human development
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58:. After Sudan's
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483:(3): 261, 273.
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278:Primary schools
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1367:Coat of arms
1324:Prostitution
1299:Demographics
1258:Trade unions
1238:Central bank
1170:Human rights
1155:Constitution
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388:scholarships
369:
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203:Net Literacy
133:poverty line
122:
106:
68:nationalized
64:Islamisation
60:independence
48:missionaries
30:
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1175:LGBT rights
1005:South Sudan
352:Netherlands
153:oil exports
93:South Sudan
1440:Categories
1377:Literature
1192:Parliament
1160:Corruption
1109:Ecoregions
463:References
392:World Bank
384:gender gap
333:agencies,
257:childbirth
207:curriculum
174:Upper Nile
129:World Bank
103:Challenges
80:insecurity
52:vernacular
45:Protestant
1319:Languages
1304:Education
1263:Transport
1243:Companies
1202:President
1182:Judiciary
1150:Elections
1092:Geography
505:147545610
414:education
410:textbooks
253:pregnancy
229:pregnancy
125:education
76:civil war
21:education
1425:Category
1329:Religion
1248:Currency
1197:Military
1133:Politics
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438:See also
311:marriage
298:Khartoum
261:graduate
259:than to
249:literacy
242:latrines
182:refugees
178:Conflict
109:violence
56:literate
41:Catholic
37:imperial
1416:Outline
1344:Culture
1282:Society
1268:Tourism
1233:Banking
1221:Economy
1050:2005–11
1045:1972–83
1022:Anyanya
1014:History
485:Bibcode
339:Western
211:English
186:regions
166:regions
149:revenue
33:British
1362:Cinema
1352:Anthem
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1114:Rivers
1104:Cities
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170:Warrap
159:which
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