Effects unit - Knowledge (XXG)

3421: 439: 3212: 590: 2973: 653: 1785: 2650: 1959: 1302: 1546: 692: 40: 3381: 2260: 366:. Stompboxes are used in both live performance and studio recording. Rackmount devices saw a heavy usage during the later 20th century, due to their superior processing power and desirable tones as compared to pedal-style units. However, by the 21st century, with the advent of digital plugins and more powerful stompboxes for live usage, the use of rack-mounted effect units has declined. An effects unit can consist of 2635: 1027: 1876: 1348: 2551:, while more sophisticated and expensive devices offer a range of interval alterations. A pitch shifter can be used by an electric guitarist to play notes that would normally only be available on an electric bass. As well, a bass player with a four string electric bass can use an octave pedal to obtain low notes that would normally only be obtainable with a five-string bass with a low "B" string. 3281: 1277: 277: 3106: 2938:

included multiple onboard trigger switch effects, such as HPF (high pass filter) for enhancing harmonics and producing feedback effects, and LPF (low pass filter), producing a bass boost with a cello sound on heavy gauge strings. Later EBow models, such as the plus Ebow, contain a mode slide switch on the back, which allows the player to either produce just sustain or

2795: 7797: 7059: 2514: 846: 1622:-based volume pedals are used by electric instrument players (guitar, bass, keyboards) to adjust the volume of their instrument with one foot while their hands are being used to play their instrument. Treadle-style volume pedals are often also used to create swelling effects by removing the attack of a note or chord, as popularised by 7823: 578: 1137: 2907: 2890:

and unusual sounds not possible through regular playing techniques. Guitar feedback effects can be difficult to perform, because it is difficult to determine the sound volume and guitar position relative to a guitar amp's loudspeaker necessary for achieving the desired feedback sound. Guitar feedback

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that indicates if the effect is on. A typical distortion or overdrive pedal's three potentiometers, for example, control the level or intensity of the distortion effect, the tone of the effected signal and the output level of the effected signal. Depending on the type of pedal, the potentiometers may

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such as a hall or room). This is done by creating a large number of echoes that gradually fade away in volume or "decay". One early technique for creating a reverb effect was to send an amplified signal of the music via a speaker to another room with reflective surfaces, such as a tile bathroom, and

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situations. Musicians may use them in place of stompboxes, as use of a rack can offer space for conveniently mounting additional rackmount equipment or accessories. Rackmounted effects units are typically mounted in a rack, which may be housed within a road case, a durable case with removable access

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Black country bluesmen made raw, heavily amplified boogie records of their own, especially in Memphis, where guitarists like Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson (with the early Howlin' Wolf band) and Pat Hare (with Little Junior Parker) played driving rhythms and scorching, distorted solos that might be

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Boutique pedals are designed by smaller, independent companies and are typically produced in limited quantities. Some may even be hand-made, with hand-soldered connections. These pedals are mainly distributed online or through mail-order, or sold in a few music stores. They are often more expensive

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combinations of different effects, allowing musicians quick on-stage access to different effects combinations. Multi-effects units typically have a range of distortion, chorus, flanger, phaser, delay, looper and reverb effects. Pedal-style multi-effects range from fairly inexpensive stompboxes that

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devices deliver a voltage of the proper level and characteristics to enable equipment to function properly (e.g., by providing transient impulse protection). A rackmounted wireless receiver unit is used to enable a guitarist or bassist to move around on stage without being connected to a cable. A

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or, more generally, envelope filter effects: A filter effect that is controlled by the volume of the input signal. The most common filter type used for this effect pedal is the low-pass filter, although many designs include a toggle for band-pass or high-pass filters as well. Additionally, some

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released the Model 601 Tremolo Control, the first commercially available stand-alone effects unit. This device produced a tremolo by passing an instrument's electrical signal through a water-based electrolytic fluid. Most stand-alone effects of the 1950s and early 1960s such as the Gibson GA-VI

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Other handheld and mounted guitar and bass resonators have been on the market since the early 1990s, produced in Germany under the SRG brand, which ceased production in 2016, and were available in both monophonic (one string at a time) and polyphonic (multiple strings at a time) models, which

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His first venture, the Phillips label, issued only one known release, and it was one of the loudest, most overdriven, and distorted guitar stomps ever recorded, "Boogie in the Park" by Memphis one-man-band Joe Hill Louis, who cranked his guitar while sitting and banging at a rudimentary drum

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of Heet Sound Products, of Los Angeles, California, for a small, handheld, battery-powered resonator. The Ebow was invented by Greg Heet, as a way to make a note on an electric guitar string resonate continuously, creating an effect that sounds similar to a bowed violin note or a sustained

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so that the effect's circuitry is no longer in the signal path, substituting higher-quality components, replacing the unit's original operational amplifiers (op-amps), or adding functions to the device, such as allowing additional control of some factor or adding another output jack.

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and violinists when they are prolonging a single note. Vibrato effects often allow the performer to control the rate of the variation as well as the difference in pitch (e.g. "depth"). A vibrato with an extreme "depth" setting (e.g., half a semitone or more) will produce a dramatic,

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panels that protect the equipment within during transportation. Because of this, rackmount effect units are not always designed with durable protective features such as corner protectors which are used on stompboxes and amps that are designed to be transported as standalone units.

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identical to a stompbox's, although its circuits are typically more complex. Unlike stompboxes, rackmounts usually have several different types of effects. Rackmount effects units are controlled by knobs, switches or buttons on their front panel, and often remote-controllable by a

2108:, in general electronics, means the altering of one signal based on another. In audio effects, modulation is a control feature that varies the strength or other attribute of the effect over time to alter tonal properties. Some modulation effects modulate an instrument's 3102:: Bitcrushers rely on conversion of the audio signal into a digital format (ADC) and the reduction of sound fidelity by utilising bit (and sometimes sample) rates low enough to cause significant colouration and filtering within the audible frequency range. 3436:

may have switch pedals for turning built-in reverb and distortion effects on and off; the pedals contain only a switch, with the circuitry for the effect being housed in the amplifier chassis. Some musicians who use rackmounted effects or laptops employ a

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effect is a button or switch to turn it on or off, or a single knob. In contrast, a pedal or rackmounted unit would typically provide ratio, threshold and attack controls or other options to allow the user additional control over the compression.

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effects, and sometimes reverb. The Fender Bandmaster Reverb amp, for example, had built-in reverb and vibrato. Built-in effects may offer the user less control than standalone pedals or rackmounted units. For example, on some lower- to mid-priced

3047:, a software program and effect unit which can be used to both correct pitch (it moves a pitch to the nearest semitone), and add vocal effects. Some stompbox-style vocal pedals contain multiple effects, such as reverb and pitch correction. 974:'s "Cotton Crop Blues"), creating "a grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound," accomplished by turning the volume knob on his amplifier "all the way to the right until the speaker was screaming." Link Wray's 1958 recording " 4645: 413:

Stompboxes are small plastic or metal chassis that usually lie on the floor or in a pedalboard to be operated by the user's feet. Pedals are often rectangle-shaped, but there are a range of other shapes (e.g., the circular

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contain two pedals and a few knobs to control the effects to large, expensive floor units with many pedals and knobs. Rack-mounted multi-effects units may be mounted in the same rack as preamplifiers and power amplifiers.

431:, for example, the knobs may control the depth and speed of the effect. Complex stompboxes may have multiple footswitches, many knobs, additional switches or buttons that are operated with the fingers, and an alphanumeric 3292:

than mass-produced pedals and offer higher-quality components, innovative designs, in-house-made knobs, and hand-painted artwork or etching. Some boutique companies focus on re-creating classic or vintage effects.

2934:– inductive string driver – feedback circuit, including a sensor coil, driver coil, and amplifier, to induce forced string resonance. The Ebow brand resonator is monophonic, and drives only one string at a time. 1046:, allowing for much more compact formats and greater stability. The first transistorized guitar effect was the 1962 Maestro Fuzz Tone pedal, which became a sensation after its use in the 1965 Rolling Stones hit " 3138:

but is used with a variety of instruments as well as vocals. The Hammond/Leslie combination has become an element in many genres of music. The Leslie Speaker and the Hammond Organ brands are currently owned by

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are often also marketed as "sustainer pedals". As a note is sustained, it loses energy and volume due to diminishing vibration in the string. The compressor pedal boosts its electrical signal to the specified

3408:. Stompbox-format tuner pedals route the electric signal for the instrument through the unit via a 1/4" patch cable. These pedal-style tuners usually have an output so that the signal can be plugged into a 2942:

feedback in addition to sustain. Pedals such as the Boss DF-2 and FB-2 use an internally generated signal matched to the pitch of the guitar that can be sustained indefinitely by depressing the pedal. Many

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with movements of the mouth. The modified sound is then picked up by a microphone. In this way, the guitarist is able create the effect that the guitar is talking. Some famous uses of the talkbox include

3167:. The Kaoss Pad's touchpad can be used to control its internal effects engine, which can be applied to a line-in signal or to samples recorded from the line-in. Effects types include pitch shifting, 2952:, slightly prolonging the duration of the note. This, combined with heavy distortion and the close proximity of the guitar and the speaker cabinet, can lead to infinite sustain at higher volumes. 522:

signal that continues on to other effects down the chain. In this way, a musician can combine effects within a chain in a variety of ways without having to reconnect boxes during a performance. A

585:. These road cases have the front protective panels removed so the units can be operated. The protective panels are put back on and latched shut to protect the effects during transportation. 2871:

is almost always avoided. However, in some styles of rock music, electric guitar players intentionally create feedback by playing their instrument directly in front of a heavily amplified,

354:. When rackmounted effects are mounted in a roadcase, this also speeds up a musician's set-up and tear-down time, because all of the effects can be connected together inside the rack case. 2722:

to the original signal at a slight time-delay. The effect can either be a single echo called a "slap" or "slapback", or multiple echos. A well-known use of delay is the lead guitar in the

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tend to only have built-in reverb. Some acoustic instrument amplifiers have reverb, chorus, compression and equalization (bass and treble) effects. Vintage guitar amps typically have

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lets the musician create multiple effect chains, so they can select one or several chains by tapping a single switch. The switches are usually organized in a row or a simple grid.

1491:(also called bass overdrive) is a style of playing the electric bass that produces a buzzy, overdriven sound via a tube or transistor amp or by using a fuzz or overdrive pedal. 2791:. High-end boutique tape loop effects are still used by some studio producers who want a vintage sound. Digital loop effects recreate this effect using an electronic memory. 663:

A multi-effects (MFX) device is a single electronics effects pedal or rackmount device that contains many different electronic effects. multi-effects devices allow users to

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over the chords. Some units allow a performer to layer multiple loops, enabling the performer to create the effect of a full band. The first loop effects were created with

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can produce, in which a note or chord starts very softly and then grows in volume. Treadle-based volume pedals do not usually have batteries or require external power.

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based on the original pitch, or even with some pedals, three note harmony. Some hamonizers are able to create chorus-like effects by adding very tiny shifts in pitch.

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use highly sophisticated equalizers to eliminate unwanted sounds, make an instrument or voice more prominent, and enhance particular aspects of an instrument's tone.

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tube-like distortion by compressing the waveform without completely flattening it. Much like guitar tube amplifiers, overdrive effects units are capable of producing

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and the amp or PA system. Bass preamps also allow for the gain of the signal to be boosted or cut. Some models also offer equalization controls, a compressor, and a

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footswitch pedal such as the "A/B" pedal routes a guitar signal to an amplifier or enables a performer to switch between two guitars, or between two amplifiers.

2378:: A tremolo effect produces a slight, rapid variation in the volume of a note or chord. The "tremolo effect" should not be confused with the misleadingly-named 4746: 3351:

for modifying or "modding" effects. Typically, vendors provide either custom modification services or sell new effects pedals they have already modified. The

5955: 7715: 2689: 339:, to reduce set-up and tear-down time and, for pedalboards with lids, protect the pedals during transportation. When a musician has multiple effects in a 7305: 7095: 6632: 6184: 5991: 2061: 1319: 3754: 1804:: A talk box directs the sound from an electric guitar or synthesizer into the mouth of a performer using a tube, allowing the sound to be shaped into 597:

HE3000 Ultra-Harmonizer pictured here displays the entire name of an effect or setting, which helps users to find their preferred settings and effects.

7130: 7039: 2082: 825:. The original stand-alone units were not especially in-demand as many effects came built into amplifiers. The first popular stand-alone was the 1958 610: 5376: 5906: 5672: 2116:. Other modulation effects split an instrument's audio signal in two, altering one portion of the signal and mixing it with the unaltered portion. 2039: 1487:", with a fuzz effect featured prominently on the main electric guitar riff played by Keith Richards, greatly popularized the use of fuzz effects. 6749: 1066: 1998: 3420: 2293: 906: 2019: 7776: 5682: 5461: 5111: 4419: 3783: 3635: 3140: 1858: 1209:

Effects and effects units—stompboxes in particular—have been celebrated by pop and rock musicians in album titles, songs and band names. The

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include an overdrive effect. Occasionally, acoustic-electric and electric guitars will have built-in effects, such as a preamp or equalizer.

2688: 2272:: A phaser or "phase shifter" creates a slight rippling effect—amplifying some aspects of the tone while diminishing others—by splitting an 2976:

A Line 6 modeling amplifier shown from above. Note the various amplifier and speaker emulations selectable via the rotary knob on the left.

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effect can be heard. Flanger units add a variably delayed version of the audio signal to the original or signal, creating a comb filter or

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While distortion effect units are most associated with electric and bass guitar, they are also commonly used on keyboard instruments (i.e.

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systems, which are often used in guitar amplifiers, use a transducer to create vibrations in a spring. Digital reverb effects use various

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with specially designed acoustic properties simulated the sound of live performances in different environments. In the mid to late 1940s,

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guitar amplifier modeler. Digital effects designed for DJs are often sold in tabletop models, so that the units can be placed alongside a

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Introduction to Guitar Tone and Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors

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Introduction to Guitar Tone and Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors

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Introduction to Guitar Tone and Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors

3039:: Pitch correction effects use signal-processing algorithms to re-tune faulty intonation in a vocalist's performance or create unusual 2668: 1977: 1997: 1697:

to make quiet sounds even quieter. If used with extreme settings and combined with reverb, they can create unusual sounds, such as the

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effects, dynamics effects modify the volume of an instrument. Dynamics effects were among the first effects introduced to guitarists.

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Time-based effects delay the sound signal, add reverb or echos, or, if a long delay is possible, enable musicians to record "loops".

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volume during solos and preventing signal loss in long effects chains. A guitarist switching from rhythm guitar to lead guitar for a

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A harmonizer is a type of sophisticated pitch shifter that combines the altered pitch with the original pitch to create a two note

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hum, hiss, and static in the signal by greatly diminishing the volume when the signal falls below a set threshold. Noise gates are

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designs can switch between a down filter mode and an up filter. This effect is commonly used in funk, reggae and jam band music.

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by rotating the speakers or a sound-directing duct. The rotating speaker creates a chorus-type effect. Named after its inventor,

2963:: An envelope follower activates an effect once a designated volume is reached. One effect that uses an envelope follower is the 1662: 1484: 1047: 3694: 7310: 5230: 5001: 4461: 4265: 252:

and record producers use effects units during live performances or in the studio, typically with electric guitar, bass guitar,

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an effect (distortion), but it is not an effects pedal as the case does not contain effects circuitry; it is just a switch.

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are some of the most often-modified effects. Common modifications include value changes in capacitors or resistors, adding

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A tabletop unit is a type of multi-effects device that sits on a desk and is controlled manually. One such example is the

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uses pedals, but it is not an effect unit; it is a foot-operated keyboard in which the pedals are typically used to play

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intervals above the notes actually played. Simple, less expensive pitch shifters raise or lower the pitch by one or two

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ME-5 multi-effects from 1988 included several pedal effects in one unit, with the ability to write and recall presets.

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at the end. When using many effects, unwanted noise and hum can be introduced into the sound. Some performers use a

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players. This enables electric guitar and pedal steel players to imitate the soft swelling sound that an orchestra

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The Guitar Player Book: 40 Years of Interviews, Gear, and Lessons from the World's Most Celebrated Guitar Magazine

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are electronic effects units that are designed for use with the low pitches created by an electric bass or for an

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that incorporated one or more speakers with the amp. The 1950 Ray Butts EchoSonic amp was the first to feature a

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audio compressors in a recording studio. From top to bottom: Retro Instruments/Gates STA level; Spectra Sonic;

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finally made it possible to fit effects circuitry into highly portable stompbox units. Transistors replaced

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A rotating Leslie speaker in a clear plastic cabinet. Typically, the Leslie is mounted in a wooden cabinet.

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then record the natural reverberations that were produced. A plate reverb system uses an electromechanical

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were the first effects that musicians used regularly outside the studio. From the late 1940s onward, the

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allows a performer to create a ready-to-use chain of multiple pedals to achieve certain types of sounds.

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was not an effect originally intended by amplifier manufacturers, but could often easily be achieved by

779:. Built-in effects for keyboards typically include reverb, chorus and, for Hammond organ, vibrato. Many 159: 1818: 1459:

A fuzz pedal, or fuzzbox, is a type of overdrive effects unit that clips a signal until it is nearly a

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at the end of a chain to reduce unwanted noise and hum introduced by overdrive units or vintage gear.

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to one version while leaving the rest unaltered. A well-known usage of chorus is the lead guitar in "

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that passes through them by either boosting or weakening specific frequencies or frequency regions.

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can play the backing chords (or riffs) to a song, loop them with the pedal, and then sing and do a

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sound, simulating a studio effect that was first produced by recording a track on two synchronized

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display that indicates the status of the effect with short acronyms (e.g., DIST for "distortion").

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or a combination of the two. During a live performance, the effect is plugged into the electrical

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amplifier. Note the four inputs, two for regular sound and two which are run through the onboard

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A musician bringing many pedals to a live show or recording session often mounts the pedals on a

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units began replacing stompboxes as the effects format of choice. Often musicians would record

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effects. Bass amplifiers are less likely to have built-in effects, although some may have a

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The earliest sound effects were strictly used in studio productions. Microphones placed in

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path of the instrument. In the studio, an instrument or another sound source — possibly an

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Not all stompboxes and rackmounted electronic devices designed for musicians are effects.

3364: 3200: 3196: 3172: 3003: 2969:, which produces a "wah" effect depending on how loud or soft the notes are being played. 2776: 2570: 2562: 2440: 2420: 2397: 2352: 2268: 1920: 1846: 1767: 1615: 1530: 1250: 1242: 1191: 1187: 870: 826: 554: 538: 167: 39: 6283:

Practical Recording Techniques: The Step-by-step Approach to Professional Audio Recording

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Practical Recording Techniques: The Step-by-step Approach to Professional Audio Recording

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began producing the Marshall 1963, a guitar amplifier capable of producing the distorted

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The Boss Book: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Most Popular Compact Effects for Guitar

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Professional Sound Reinforcement Techniques: Tips and Tricks of a Concert Sound Engineer

3380: 2718:: Delay/echo units produce an echo effect by adding a duplicate instrument-to-amplifier 817:

vibrato unit and the Fender reverb box, were expensive and impractical, requiring bulky

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industry. Rackmount effects have a standardized 19-inch width, and height of 1 or more

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Thomas E. Oberheim (May 1970). "A Ring Modulator Device for the Performing Musician".

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8x10" bass cabinet). Sophisticated modeling effects can simulate different types of

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pedal, an effect designed by noted audio engineer Fumio Mieda that mimicked the odd

506:. Effect chains are typically created between the guitar and the amp or between the 7827: 7525: 7485: 7320: 7290: 7247: 7019: 6986: 6961: 6956: 6839: 6719: 6677: 6657: 6024: 5996: 5968: 5882: 5169: 4491: 3497: 3492: 3405: 3393: 3348: 3300: 3261: 3257: 3229: 3225: 3220: 2991: 2883: 2772: 2619: 2582: 2477: 2473: 2460: 2404:

variations in the sound wave. Tremolo effects are built-in effects in some vintage

2393: 2367: 2332: 2328: 2316: 2273: 2238: 2206: 2141: 2113: 2109: 1731: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1647: 1592: 1355: 1270: 1258: 1222: 1183: 1110: 1098: 1094: 1043: 991: 971: 940: 886: 882: 797: 606: 546: 511: 507: 503: 363: 131: 48: 4379:. Performance and Production. Vol. II. Continuum International. p. 286. 1406:

effects, as distorted guitar sounds were first achieved by increasing the gain of

6540: 6524: 6509: 6360: 6296: 6281: 6255: 6198: 6143: 6128: 6113: 6087: 6046: 5775: 5760: 5745: 5571: 5546: 5504: 5396: 5304: 5183: 5145: 5130: 5076: 4985: 4933: 4917: 4829: 4712: 4671: 4544: 4517: 4436: 4295: 4240: 4221: 4142: 4080: 4026: 4000: 3959: 3944: 3929: 3815: 3773: 3735: 3667: 3651: 3601: 3574: 2687: 2666: 2327:: A ring modulator produces a resonant, metallic sound by mixing an instrument's 2080: 2059: 2038: 2017: 1996: 1975: 1650:. A compressor is often used to stabilize volume and alter the sound of a note's 1318: 7766: 7761: 7720: 7705: 7629: 7614: 7573: 7530: 7346: 7009: 6993: 6951: 6936: 6926: 6890: 6870: 6709: 5891: 5586: 3241: 3123: 3066: 3027: 2836: 2780: 2775:) or they can be pre-recorded. By using a looper pedal, a singer-guitarist in a 2590: 2586: 2495: 2380: 2210: 1638:: Compressors make loud sounds quieter and quiet sounds louder by decreasing or 1600: 1526: 1522: 1511: 1347: 1078: 1062: 999: 967: 956: 952: 894: 878: 834: 818: 242: 218: 206: 60: 5644: 3280: 2771:

or passage from a song. Loops can be created on the spot during a performance (

1276: 1261:

are among the many musicians who have referenced effects units in their music.

931:

distorted sounds. Among the first musicians to experiment with distortion were

402: 7756: 7746: 7563: 7351: 7315: 7184: 7179: 6941: 6900: 6819: 6704: 6162: 5911: 5887: 5855: 5796: 4700: 3551: 3409: 3360: 3316: 3168: 3097: 2927: 2922: 2832: 2813: 2754: 2704: 2610: 2606: 2598: 2469: 2436: 2432: 2389: 2340: 2297: 2289: 2222: 2105: 2097: 1677: 1460: 1453: 1399: 1339: 1246: 1057:, The Clyde McCoy, in 1967 and that same year Roger Mayer developed the first 1039: 1007: 987: 948: 716: 680: 340: 276: 155: 123: 2531:

A pitch shifter (also called an "octaver" for effects that shift pitch by an

1762:

often have equalizers for two bands, to adjust bass and treble, professional

17: 7376: 7295: 6754: 6729: 5362: 4658: 3356: 3332: 3237: 3233: 3119: 3105: 3070: 2999: 2900: 2868: 2824: 2788: 2578: 2481: 2465: 2401: 2230: 2145: 1897: 1838: 1809: 1755: 1727: 1682: 1588: 1570: 1550: 1495: 1488: 1476: 1437: 1391: 1162: 1114: 1031: 1003: 995: 909:

began manufacturing the tremolo amps Tremolux in 1955 and Vibrolux in 1956.

874: 757: 614: 582: 415: 343: 3775:

Modern Guitar Rig: The Tone Fanatic's Guide to Integrating Amps and Effects

2994:

effect that replicates the sound of various amplifiers, most often vintage

2882:. The creative use of feedback effects was pioneered by guitarists such as 5480:

Power Tools for Reason 3.0: Master the World's Most Popular Virtual Studio

5253: 5185:

Recording in the Digital World: Complete Guide to Studio Gear and Software

4806: 7568: 7545: 7535: 7475: 7262: 6809: 6687: 4495: 3450: 3385: 3180: 3153: 3044: 2965: 2939: 2887: 2639: 2544: 2456: 2348: 2308: 1935: 1814: 1800: 1792: 1383: 1379: 1230: 1210: 1179: 1170:

guitarists would chain several fuzz pedals together and plug them into a

1118: 1074: 963: 813: 805: 676: 601:

Rackmount effects units are typically built in a thin metal chassis with

379: 186:, which create echoing sounds and emulate the sound of different spaces. 139: 6061: 5339: 3720: 2201:

and periodically slowing one tape by pressing the edge of its reel (the

1654:. With extreme settings of its controls, a compressor can function as a 636:

Rackmount effects units are most commonly used in recording studios and

577: 7664: 7409: 6794: 6390: 3368: 3192: 3176: 3040: 3011: 2794: 2555: 2491: 2486: 2447: 2385: 2374: 2181: 2150: 2132:

produce naturally, by mixing similar sounds with slight differences in

1944: 1655: 1619: 1214: 1122: 983: 898: 866: 822: 753: 728: 724: 700: 550: 163: 84: 76: 5597:, Keyboard Synthesizer Library, vol. 2, Hal Leonard, p. 52, 4573:

The History of Marshall: The Illustrated Story of "The Sound of Rock"

3269: 3090: 3007: 2548: 2532: 2133: 1472: 1167: 1121:. By the mid-1970s a variety of solid-state effects pedals including 1070: 1010:

to explore distortion by various means. In 1966, the British company

5453:

The After Effects Illusionist: All the Effects in One Complete Guide

4464:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, 4268:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, 3778:. MusicPro Guides. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 146. 2513: 2339:. The original sound wave is suppressed and replaced by a "ring" of 1983:

Chorus effect on guitar, coming from an Electro-Harmonix Small Clone

1766:

offer much more targeted control over the audio frequency spectrum.

1413:

While distortion effects units produce perfectly flattened peaks or

845: 744:

Some guitar amplifiers have built-in multi-effects units or digital

418:). Typical simple stompboxes have a single footswitch, one to three 7073: 6610: 3264:, a small electronic device that matches the impedance between the 3163:, and effects processor for audio and musical instruments, made by 1561:; Smart Research C2; Chandler Limited TG1; Daking FET (91579); and 7730: 7700: 7044: 3441:

controller pedalboard or armband remote controls to trigger sound

3419: 3379: 3279: 3210: 3104: 3058: 2971: 2905: 2793: 2633: 2512: 2258: 2125: 1874: 1805: 1783: 1544: 1346: 1275: 1175: 1136: 1135: 1025: 844: 690: 651: 588: 576: 401: 324:. Unprocessed audio coming into an effects unit is referred to as 275: 5674:

Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture

3445:, switch between different effects or control effect settings. A 510:

and the power amp. When a pedal is off or inactive, the electric

7500: 6495: 4858:

Home Studio Clinic: A Musician's Guide to Professional Recording

3438: 3296: 3164: 3156: 3074: 2918: 2911: 2768: 1913: 1896:

produced by an instrument—i.e., how loud it is at each separate

1759: 812:

to create echo effects and unusual, futuristic sounds. In 1941,

626: 7077: 6614: 3043:-type vocal effects. One of the best known examples of this is 2906: 7267: 5098:

Audio Production Worktext: Concepts, Techniques, and Equipment

4057: 2827:

to create the reverb effect, often by using multiple feedback

2746: 2623:

described the Whammy as one of the most iconic guitar pedals.

2443:

to create a percussive and rhythmic effect like a helicopter.

2249: 1912:

or other electronic control. Wah-wah pedals are often used by

1908:. The device is operated by a foot treadle that manipulates a 1778: 1611: 1587:

pedal amplifies the volume of an instrument by increasing the

432: 423: 5747:

Dod Presents 100 Superstar Guitar Sounds on a Stompbox Budget

4619: 3737:

Dod Presents 100 Superstar Guitar Sounds on a Stompbox Budget

2886:

in the 1960s. This technique creates sustained, high-pitched

2484:

variations in the sound wave. Guitarists often use the terms

2392:

effects, a tremolo is produced by modulating an instrument's

2088:

A low-frequency oscillator modulating a vibrato (synthesizer)

2067:

A low-frequency oscillator modulating a tremolo (synthesizer)

4747:"Serve the Servants: Unlocking the Secrets of Grunge Guitar" 3801:"Pedal Order by the Numbers – Plus, the Pros on Pedal Order" 3576:

Complete Acoustic Guitar Method: Mastering Acoustic Guitar c

2648: 2280:

of one portion. Three well-known examples of phaser are the

2004:

A short synthesizer sample followed by two flanging versions

1957: 1892:: A wah-wah pedal creates vowel-like sounds by altering the 1300: 7609: 6946: 2723: 5643:, American Association of Physics Teachers, archived from 5299: 5297: 5637:

The Electronic Music Synthesizer and the Physics of Music

1947:, Electro-Harmonix Q-Tron Plus, DOD Envelope Filter 440. 923:. In the 1950s, guitarists began deliberately increasing 502:

is formed by connecting two or more stompboxes forming a

4333:

The Rolling Stone illustrated history of rock & roll

3022:

system by replicating its volume and pitch modulations,

1093:. The pedals soon became favorite effects of guitarists 4697:

Tribute: Ikutaro Kakehashi and Roland's Impact on Music

3260:

in jazz, folk, blues and similar genres may use a bass

2891:

effects are used in a number of rock genres, including

2472:

effects, vibrato is produced by mixing an instrument's

2025:

Unprocessed organ followed by different phasing effects

877:, which quickly became popular with guitarists such as 5905:

Astley-Brown, Michael; Laing, Rob (14 November 2017).

3077:

is a bass guitar effect that simulates the sound of a

2451:: Vibrato effects produce slight, rapid variations in 1603:

may use a boost to increase the volume of their solo.

1283:

kneeling while operating two stompboxes with his hands

605:

designed to be screw-mounted into the rack rails of a

308:

is sometimes used. A pedal-style unit may be called a

7811: 4834:, vol. 1, Continuum International, p. 112, 1689:—meaning that, unlike compressors, they increase the 328:, while the processed audio output is referred to as 222: 5720:"Guitar FX-101: Your Guide to Guitar Effects Pedals" 5162:"Classic Tracks: Phil Collins' "In the Air Tonight"" 4403:

Louisiana Rocks! The True Genesis of Rock & Roll

4376:

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World

2561:

The first mass-market digital pitch shifter was the

1701:

used in 1980s pop songs, a style popularized by the

1362:

Distortion, overdrive, and fuzz effects units add a

7739: 7673: 7597: 7544: 7466: 7408: 7385: 7339: 7281: 7223: 7139: 7111: 7002: 6909: 6848: 6738: 6648: 3215:

A selection of bass effect pedals at a music store.

1494:Notable examples of fuzz effect units include the: 1402:overtones. Distortion effects are sometimes called 103:is an electronic device that alters the sound of a 6020:"Digitech releases new Whammy with chord shifting" 5520:"Electro Harmonix Deluxe Electric Mistress Review" 5095: 4855: 4546:The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon 4330: 3646: 3644: 3010:techniques. A rotary speaker simulator mimics the 427:control different parameters of the effect. For a 264:, they can be used with any audio source, such as 5094:Reese, David; Gross, Lynne; Gross, Brian (2009). 2998:and famous brands of speaker cabinets (e.g., the 1174:. Throughout the 1990s, musicians committed to a 1166:helped to re-ignite interest in stompboxes. Some 5844: 5842: 5227:"The Talkbox Will Never Die: A Talkbox Playlist" 2498:" or "whammy bar" on a guitar produces vibrato. 197:. Some effects, particularly older ones such as 6219:. University of Washington Press. p. 138. 3400:pedals indicate whether a guitar string is too 3384:Some rock and pop guitarists and bassists use " 3126:used to create special audio effects using the 3089:to "soften" a note's attack both in volume and 2217:. Some famous uses of flanger effects include " 2112:with a signal generated by the effect called a 4778:"Stephen Malkmus – Talks Real Emotional Trash" 4196:"10 Things You Didn't Know About Scotty Moore" 3817:Your Band's First Gig: Getting The Sound Right 2839:are two genres that make heavy use of reverb. 1374:character to an audio signal by re-shaping or 545:pedals at the start of the chain; modulation ( 280:Various type of guitar and bass effect pedals. 260:. While effects are most frequently used with 7089: 6626: 6362:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 6200:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 5935:"Muse's Matt Bellamy: Natural-Born Disruptor" 5132:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 5078:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 4987:MAKE: Electronics: Learning Through Discovery 4714:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 4361:counted the distant ancestors of heavy metal. 4223:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 4144:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 3931:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 3069:pick ups replicate the sound of guitars with 2384:, a device on a guitar bridge that creates a 1113:, created by taking a chorus circuit from an 1109:released the CE-1 Chorus Ensemble, the first 711:and even some types of instruments. Electric 8: 6239:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5956:"David Gilmour discusses guitars, blues and 5591:"Pitch Blending, Modulation, and Expression" 4912: 4910: 2539:") each note a performer plays by a pre-set 362:Effects units are available in a variety of 7716:Professional Lighting and Sound Association 5777:Mixing Audio: Concepts, Practices and Tools 5125: 5123: 5033:. Oxford University Press US. p. 170. 4576:. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 28–33. 3976:"Synthesizing Hammond Organ Effects: Part1" 3722:How to Play Guitar: The Basics & Beyond 3669:The Ultimate Live Sound Operator's Handbook 3295:Some boutique pedal manufacturers include: 2419:Tremolo effects: Demeter TRM-1 Tremulator, 1434:examples of distortion and overdrive pedals 1053:Warwick Electronics manufactured the first 1018:that rock musicians were starting to seek. 225:designed for DJs and record producers, and 7306:Comparison of analog and digital recording 7096: 7082: 7074: 6633: 6619: 6611: 6410: 6408: 6312:"Boss GT-8 Floor Guitar Effects Processor" 5522:. Internet Guitar Database. Archived from 5420: 5418: 4297:Present Tense: Rock & Roll and Culture 4234: 4232: 3905:From Demo Tape to Record Deal: Handy Guide 3006:(e.g., the sound of an 8x10" cabinet) and 2816:to create vibrations in a plate of metal. 2400:carrier wave in such a way that generates 1417:clipping, overdrive effects units produce 792:Studio effects and early stand-alone units 763:Instruments with built-in effects include 7040:Music technology (electronic and digital) 5666: 5664: 5618:"Hey, What's That Sound: Ring Modulators" 5576:, University of Washington Press. p. 288. 5509:, University of Washington Press. p. 153. 5390: 5388: 5309:, University of California Press. p. 202. 5182:Rudolph, Thomas; Leonard, Vincent (2001) 5150:, University of Washington Press. p. 171. 4659:https://www.roger-mayer.co.uk/octavia.htm 3943:Bartlett, Bruce; Bartlett, Jenny (2008). 3134:, it is particularly associated with the 1330:(no effects), then with distortion pedal. 629:digital control interface or pedal-style 422:for controlling the effect, and a single 6045:Hubner, David; Runstein, Robert (2009). 5144:Louie, Gary J.; White, Glenn D. (2005). 5089: 5087: 3719:Editors, Guitar Player Magazine (2001). 3693:McCormick, Tim; Rumsey, Francis (2009). 3465:— a list of non-electronic audio effects 1269:For broader coverage of this topic, see 437: 38: 7818: 5395:Zölzer, Udo; Amatriain, Xavier (2002). 5003:The Routledge Guide to Music Technology 4932:Zölzer, Udo; Amatriain, Xavier (2002). 4919:Power Tools for Synthesizer Programming 4620:"FuzzEffect: The Fuzz Story and Photos" 4519:Rhythm and Noise: An Aesthetics of Rock 3514: 3491:— effects units used in the context of 715:often have built-in reverb, chorus and 557:) in the middle; and time-based units ( 6523:Chappell, Jon; Phillips, Mark (2005). 6508:Chappell, Jon; Phillips, Mark (2005). 6415:Moraga, Christian (19 November 2009). 6232: 6183:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 6176: 3961:Amps!: The Other Half of Rock 'n' Roll 3199:. The Kaoss Pad can also be used as a 2702: 2095: 1463:, resulting in a heavily distorted or 1425:sounds at lower volumes and distorted 1337: 927:beyond its intended levels to achieve 7777:New Interfaces for Musical Expression 6417:"Mod.It.Yourself (M.I.Y) Parts 1 – 3" 5677:, Taylor & Francis, p. 198, 5429:. Taylor & Francis. p. 271. 3958:Eiche. Jon; Fliegler, Ritchie (1993) 3520: 3518: 3141:Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation 2695:Reverb with increasingly longer delay 1595:. These units are generally used for 620:A rackmount effects unit may contain 514:coming into the pedal diverts onto a 118:, often used with electric guitar in 7: 6593:Armband Controller for Effects Chain 5699:"Rolling Stones – Gimme Shelter tab" 4938:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 117. 4300:(4. print. ed.). Durham, N.C.: 3653:How to Succeed As a Female Guitarist 2284:part on the Van Halen instrumental " 707:Effects are often incorporated into 6488:"Stompbox Basics: Tremolo and Fuzz" 6486:Platt, Charles (9 September 2008). 5933:Charupakorn, Joe (11 August 2022). 5401:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 76. 3734:Mangum, Eric; Stubbs, Dean (2000). 3236:. Two examples of bass effects are 2521:Polyphonic Octaver Generator (POG). 2335:generated by the device's internal 978:" inspired young musicians such as 804:and experimental musicians such as 27:Electronic device that alters audio 6568:"Racks 201: MIDI Foot Controllers" 6338:"Batt-O-Meter : Where to Buy" 6260:. Workman Publishing. p. 33. 6092:. Workman Publishing. p. 34. 4807:"Big Muff Pi Distortion/Sustainer" 3757:. guitarplayer.com. Archived from 2703:Problems playing these files? See 2368:Moogerfooger MF-102 Ring Modulator 2096:Problems playing these files? See 1386:by flattening its peaks, creating 970:for several recordings (including 284:An effects unit is also called an 262:electric or electronic instruments 25: 7326:Reel-to-reel audio tape recording 6881:Recording studio as an instrument 6280:Bartlett, B; Bartlett, J (2008). 5954:Tolinski, Brad (September 1994). 4117:"Acoustic Guitar – Early Pickups" 3964:, Hal Leonard. p. 25, 40, 52, 74. 3287:brand "Mudhoney" overdrive pedal. 2730:", and also the opening riff of " 2459:variations produced naturally by 2124:: Chorus pedals mimic the effect 901:and Gibson built amplifiers with 833:made famous by the British band, 154:, which modify frequency ranges; 7821: 7795: 7057: 6216:The Audio Dictionary Instruments 6130:Left-Handed History of the World 5634:Hartman, W. M. (19 March 1979), 5201:PC Recording Studios for Dummies 4670:Molenda, Mike; Pau, Les (2007). 4522:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 121–123. 4085:. MIT Press. pp. 437, 476. 3799:Ross, Michael (28 August 2020). 3755:"Bruce Egnater on Effects Loops" 3376:Other pedals and rackmount units 3065:simulators used on guitars with 2798:Folded line spring reverberation 2685: 2664: 2078: 2057: 2036: 2015: 1994: 1973: 1537:), as well as drums and vocals. 1338:Problems playing this file? See 1316: 648:Multi-effects and tabletop units 449:From the input to the output : 268:instruments, drums, and vocals. 7311:Experimental musical instrument 6441:. cubisteffects. Archived from 6257:The Girl's Guide to Rocking Out 6112:Hubner, D; Runstein, R (2009). 6089:The Girl's Guide to Rocking Out 5851:"The FX files: DigiTech Whammy" 5792:"The FX files: DigiTech Whammy" 5353:, 2002, Hal Leonard Corporation 4753:. 26 April 2011. Archived from 4105:Presto Music Times, August 1941 4051:Tianen, Dave (13 August 2009). 3881:. Hal Leonard. pp. 91–92. 3248:have built-in effects, such as 1671:Boss CS-3 Compression Sustainer 1149: 226: 210: 205:, use mechanical components or 6542:Ableton Live 6 Tips and Tricks 6465:"Selected Stompbox Schematics" 5890:. 19 October 2018 – via 5849:Lynham, Alex (2 August 2019). 5790:Lynham, Alex (2 August 2019). 4776:Atria, Travis (6 March 2008), 4242:Inside the Blues, 1942 to 1982 4174:Guitar.com | All Things Guitar 3656:, Alfred Music. p. 30–31. 3073:pick ups, or vice versa. A de- 2728:Where the Streets Have No Name 2674:A flute before and after delay 1271:Sound effect § Techniques 859:tube-powered guitar amplifiers 107:or other audio source through 1: 7496:Electronic musical instrument 6389:. Dunlop News. Archived from 6340:. •Keith McMillen Instruments 6018:Vallese, Nick (5 June 2012). 5818:Greeves, David (April 2013). 5744:Mangum, E; Stubbs, D (2000). 5030:Electronic and Computer Music 4717:. Hal Leonard. p. 11–15. 4226:. Hal Leonard. p. 11–13. 3974:Reid, Gordon (January 2004), 3814:Rogers, Jerry (25 May 2010). 3463:Acoustic wave § See also 2944: 2480:in such a way that generates 2416:" features a tremolo effect. 2140:. A chorus effect splits the 1485:(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction 1471:circuitry to achieve a harsh 1467:sound. Fuzzboxes may contain 1326:Electric guitar played first 1048:(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction 566: 534: 346:, this case may be called an 7802:Record production portal 7691:Institute of Broadcast Sound 7064:Record production portal 6566:Kahn, Scott (6 March 2006), 6545:. PC Publishing. p. 5. 6365:. Hal Leonard. p. 204. 5570:Louie, G; White, G. (2005). 5483:. Hal Leonard. p. 169. 5363:Electro-Harmonix Q-Tron Plus 5225:Dyers, Jon (21 March 2008). 5057:. The Museum of Making. 2010 4676:. Hal Leonard. p. 222. 3908:. Alfred Music. p. 26. 3699:. Focal Press. p. 131. 3672:. Hal Leonard. p. 366. 3606:. Hal Leonard. p. 139. 3579:. Alfred Music. p. 92. 3550:. Trip Atlas. Archived from 3528:. The Museum of Making. 2010 3412:to produce sound. Rackmount 3087:voltage-controlled amplifier 2388:or pitch-bending effect. In 2288:" and the keyboard parts on 2144:and adds a slight delay and 1610:LPB-1, Fender Volume Pedal, 719:, while acoustic guitar and 209:. Effects are often used as 178:; and time effects, such as 7711:Musical Electronics Library 7035:Music technology (electric) 6213:White, G, Louie, G (2005). 6115:Modern Recording Techniques 6048:Modern Recording Techniques 5990:Gill, Chris (9 July 2020). 5820:"Digitech Whammy (5th Gen)" 5551:, Hal Leonard, p. 29, 5545:Brewster, David M. (2001), 5503:Louie, G; White, G (2005). 5456:. Focal Press. p. 37. 5398:DAFX: Digital Audio Effects 5204:. For Dummies. p. 25. 5160:Flans, Robyn (1 May 2005). 4965:, Hal Leonard, p. 18, 4959:Brewster, David M. (2001), 4935:DAFX: Digital Audio Effects 4893:. Hal Leonard. p. 39. 4890:Getting Great Guitar Sounds 4854:Menasche, Emile D. (2007). 4245:. Hal Leonard. p. 61. 4082:The Computer Music Tutorial 4025:Brewster, David M. (2003), 4005:, Hal Leonard, p. 51, 3999:Pinksterboer, Hugo (2001), 3854:. Hal Leonard. p. 92. 3388:" format electronic tuners. 2930:note. The resonator uses a 2455:, mimicking the fractional 1883:(1970) manufactured by JEN. 1742:: An equalizer is a set of 966:produced heavily distorted 810:reel-to-reel recording tape 217:, instruments (such as the 7890: 7458:Sound reinforcement system 7367:Sound reinforcement system 5624:, London, 9 November 2009. 5277:Electronics for Guitarists 5274:Denton, Dailey J. (2011). 5006:. CRC Press. p. 177. 4549:. JHU Press. p. 136. 4438:Chuck Berry: The Biography 4412:Pelican Publishing Company 4294:DeCurtis, Anthony (1992). 4031:, Hal Leonard, p. 7, 3218: 3118:are specially constructed 3083:envelope-controlled filter 2535:) raises or lowers (e.g. " 2524: 2408:. The guitar intro in the 1716:Boss NS-2 Noise Suppressor 1429:sounds at higher volumes. 1291: 1268: 1144:pedals connected together. 1073:began marketing Shin-ei's 919:the power supply in early 736:, the only control on the 233:in such common formats as 31: 7791: 7681:Audio Engineering Society 7579:Software effect processor 7559:Digital audio workstation 7400:Digital signal processing 7164:Digital audio workstation 7053: 5280:. Springer. p. 183. 5055:"The Art of the Stompbox" 4598:"The Art of the Stompbox" 4516:Gracyk, Theodore (1996). 4157:"THE WATKINS/WEM COPICAT" 3526:"The Art of the Stompbox" 3503:Vintage musical equipment 2167:Boss CE-1 Chorus Ensemble 1943:Envelope filter effects: 1726:Filter effects alter the 1559:Empirical Labs Distressor 1500:Electro-Harmonix Big Muff 1221:, is commemorated by the 853:Reverb amp and a ROSS amp 528:effects management system 229:, and are widely used as 195:digital signal processors 34:Software effect processor 7772:Professional audio store 7674:People and organizations 7660:Sound recording engineer 6539:Delaney, Martin (2007). 6133:, Murdoch Books. p. 209. 6086:Hopper, Jessica (2009). 5427:Digital Audio Processing 5303:Schneider, John (1985). 4472:, 1992, pp. 24–27. 4170:"All About... Ray Butts" 4147:. Hal Leonard. p. 11–12. 4053:"The Wizard Of Waukesha" 4002:Tipbook: Acoustic Guitar 3232:used with a bass amp or 3191:, auto-panning, gating, 2914:guitar string resonator. 2595:Rage Against the Machine 2366:Ring modulator effects: 2276:in two and altering the 2227:Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love 1866:Dunlop HT1 Heil Talk Box 1087:Leslie rotating speakers 829:, a relatively portable 609:that is standard to the 458:(tc electronic Polytune) 189:Most modern effects use 32:Not to be confused with 7190:Microphone preamplifier 6295:Brice, Richard (2001). 6145:The Guitar F/X Cookbook 5759:Fischer, Peter (2000), 5671:Holmes, Thomas (2008), 5477:Kurasaki, Kurt (2005). 5374:DOD Envelope Filter 440 5306:The Contemporary Guitar 5229:. Dyers. Archived from 5188:, Hal Leonard . p. 192. 5102:. Focal Press. p. 5027:Manning, Peter (2004). 4990:O'Reilly Media. p. 257. 4984:Platt, Charles (2009). 4862:. Hal Leonard. p. 4570:Doyle, Michael (1993). 4543:A. J., Millard (2004). 3875:Ashton, Adrian (2006). 3848:Ashton, Adrian (2006). 3600:Yakabuski, Jim (2001). 2743:Boss DD-3 Digital Delay 2263:An MXR-101 Phaser pedal 2205:). When the two tapes' 1945:Musitronics Mu-Tron III 1900:—in what is known as a 1569:Also called volume and 581:Rackmounted effects in 467:(Morley Bad Horsie Wah) 191:solid-state electronics 114:Common effects include 109:audio signal processing 7131:Electronic and digital 6529:, For Dummies. p. 187. 6514:, For Dummies. p. 291. 6387:"What is True Bypass?" 6286:. Focal Press. p. 226. 6142:Amelar, Chris (1997). 6118:, Focal Press. p. 508. 6051:, Focal Press. p. 508. 5780:, Focal Press. p. 470. 5450:Perkins, Chad (2009). 5425:Coulter, Doug (2000). 5320:"Wah Comparison Chart" 4922:, Hal Leonard. p. 171. 4887:Ross, Michael (1998). 4828:Barker, David (2007), 4373:Shepard, John (2003). 4079:Roads, Curtis (1996). 3949:. Focal Press. p. 226. 3934:. Hal Leonard. p. 125. 3469:Category:Audio effects 3432:Guitar amplifiers and 3429: 3389: 3288: 3216: 3110: 2977: 2915: 2799: 2653: 2643: 2522: 2264: 2185:: A flanger creates a 2032:Ring modulation effect 1962: 1884: 1879:Thomas Organ Cry Baby 1796: 1566: 1504:Shin-ei Companion FY-2 1359: 1305: 1284: 1148:In the 1980s, digital 1145: 1117:and putting it into a 1035: 1012:Marshall Amplification 854: 704: 660: 598: 586: 491: 410: 281: 88: 6952:Ghostwriters in music 6498:on 28 September 2010. 6359:Hunter, Dave (2004). 6203:. Hal Leonard. p. 25. 6197:Hunter, Dave (2004). 6148:, Hal Leonard. p. 41. 5774:Izhaki, Roey (2007). 5750:. Hal Leonard. p. 94. 5697:Trolet, Jean-Pierre. 5595:Synthesizer technique 5198:Strong, Jeff (2005). 5135:. Hal Leonard. p. 23. 5081:. Hal Leonard. p. 23. 5075:Hunter, Dave (2004). 5000:Holmes, Thom (2006). 4470:Duke University Press 4441:. Aurum. p. 38. 4435:Collis, John (2002). 4302:Duke University Press 4274:Duke University Press 3928:Hunter, Dave (2004). 3902:Levitin, Dan (1992). 3725:. Hal Leonard. p. 82. 3666:Gibson, Bill (2007). 3628:Understanding Records 3626:Hodgson, Jay (2010). 3423: 3383: 3283: 3214: 3108: 3081:. The effect uses an 2975: 2909: 2797: 2732:Welcome to the Jungle 2652: 2637: 2516: 2355:is the guitar in the 2307:Phase shift effects: 2262: 1961: 1916:and rock guitarists. 1878: 1787: 1758:regions. While basic 1548: 1350: 1304: 1279: 1139: 1029: 848: 709:instrument amplifiers 694: 655: 592: 580: 473:Overdrives/distortion 441: 405: 279: 42: 7589:Software synthesizer 7554:Digital audio editor 7340:Playback transducers 7200:Multitrack recording 5573:The Audio Dictionary 5506:The Audio Dictionary 5379:29 June 2021 at the 5147:The Audio Dictionary 4831:33 1/3 Greatest Hits 4400:Aswell, Tom (2010). 4329:Miller, Jim (1980). 4239:Dave, Rubin (2007). 4200:American Blues Scene 3772:Kahn, Scott (2011). 3761:on 30 November 2018. 3753:(16 December 2009). 3740:. Hal Leonard. p. 8. 3573:Horne, Greg (2000). 3434:electronic keyboards 3353:Ibanez Tube Screamer 3266:piezoelectric pickup 3057:, electric bass and 2681:Reverberation effect 2569:. Its users include 2351:". A notable use of 2294:Just the Way You Are 1714:Noise gate effects: 1661:Compressor effects: 1579:: When activated, a 1469:frequency multiplier 1446:Marshall ShredMaster 1442:Ibanez Tube Screamer 1255:They Might Be Giants 777:digital synthesizers 622:electronic circuitry 533:It is common to put 407:Ibanez Tube Screamer 116:distortion/overdrive 6127:Wright, Ed (2007). 5762:Rock Guitar Secrets 4916:Aikin, Jim (2004). 3803:. guitarplayer.com. 3696:Sound and Recording 3650:Clement, V (2007). 3018:sound of a vintage 2753:Deluxe Memory Man, 2509:Pitch and frequency 2248:Electric Mistress, 2219:Walking on the Moon 2209:are later mixed, a 1775:Boss GE-7 Equalizer 1773:Equalizer effects: 1358:produces distortion 857:Effects built into 808:began manipulating 802:recording engineers 721:keyboard amplifiers 409:TS9 overdrive pedal 372:digital electronics 300:. The abbreviation 254:electronic keyboard 7640:Re-recording mixer 7443:Keyboard amplifier 7159:Binaural recording 6866:Hip hop production 6526:Guitar for Dummies 6511:Guitar for Dummies 6318:on 7 February 2010 6254:Hopper, J (2009). 6165:on 20 January 2022 5765:, Mel Bay. p. 164. 5724:Roland Corporation 5526:on 30 October 2005 5129:Hunter, D (2004). 4809:. Electro-Harmonix 4711:Hunter, D (2004). 4220:Hunter, D (2004). 4202:. 28 December 2016 4141:Hunter, D (2004). 3554:on 8 December 2008 3430: 3390: 3289: 3217: 3111: 2988:Amplifier modeling 2978: 2916: 2848:Fender Reverb Unit 2800: 2654: 2644: 2523: 2282:two handed tapping 2265: 1963: 1894:frequency spectrum 1885: 1843:Rocky Mountain Way 1835:Kickstart My Heart 1819:Livin' on a Prayer 1797: 1781:10-band EQ Pedal. 1764:graphic equalizers 1708:In the Air Tonight 1624:pedal steel guitar 1577:Boost/volume pedal 1567: 1516:Z.Vex Fuzz Factory 1481:The Rolling Stones 1475:by adding complex 1360: 1306: 1294:Distortion (music) 1285: 1178:aesthetic such as 1146: 1036: 855: 746:amplifier modeling 705: 661: 599: 587: 492: 411: 282: 152:graphic equalizers 105:musical instrument 89: 7809: 7808: 7615:Guitar technician 7511:Music workstation 7395:Digital recording 7372:Speaker enclosure 7291:8-track cartridge 7233:Phonograph record 7071: 7070: 6673:Critical distance 6596:, 23 October 2010 6445:on 30 August 2010 6393:on 24 August 2011 6301:, Newnes. p. 413. 6298:Music Engineering 5958:The Division Bell 5684:978-0-415-95781-6 5463:978-0-240-81145-1 5254:"The Talkbox FAQ" 5252:McCarron, Brett. 5113:978-0-240-81098-0 4421:978-1-58980-677-1 4414:. pp. 61–5. 4408:Gretna, Louisiana 4159:13 September 2010 4123:on 9 October 2011 3878:The Bass Handbook 3851:The Bass Handbook 3785:978-1-4234-9944-2 3636:978-1-4411-5607-5 3474:Frequency divider 3414:power conditioner 3329:T-Rex Engineering 3115:Rotating speakers 2961:Envelope follower 2945:compressor pedals 2897:heavy metal music 2880:speaker enclosure 2822:signal processing 2785:reel-to-reel tape 2720:electrical signal 2690: 2669: 2642:EP-2 delay effect 2503:Boss VB-2 Vibrato 2501:Vibrato effects: 2406:guitar amplifiers 2343:higher and lower 2302:Slip Slidin' Away 2244:Flanger effects: 2130:string orchestras 2083: 2062: 2041: 2020: 1999: 1978: 1746:that strengthen ( 1699:gated drum effect 1663:Keeley Compressor 1508:Univox Super-Fuzz 1496:Arbiter Fuzz Face 1398:sounds by adding 1390:sounds by adding 1382:the shape of its 1321: 1312:Distortion effect 1238:Superfuzz Bigmuff 1202:continued to use 1125:, chorus pedals, 781:clonewheel organs 773:electronic pianos 769:electronic organs 738:audio compression 713:guitar amplifiers 697:Fender Bandmaster 679:, turntables and 641:live sound mixing 482:Modulations/delay 442:An example of an 337:guitar pedalboard 294:effects processor 215:guitar amplifiers 158:effects, such as 97:effects processor 45:guitar pedalboard 16:(Redirected from 7881: 7849:Electric guitars 7826: 7825: 7824: 7817: 7800: 7799: 7798: 7686:Goji Electronics 7625:Monitor engineer 7584:Software sampler 7491:Electronic drums 7468:Electronic music 7438:Guitar amplifier 7283:Analog recording 7243:Compact cassette 7205:Music production 7113:Music technology 7105:Music technology 7098: 7091: 7084: 7075: 7062: 7061: 7060: 6977:Session musician 6642:Music production 6635: 6628: 6621: 6612: 6605: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6536: 6530: 6521: 6515: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6494:. 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Jerry Rogers. 3811: 3805: 3804: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3747: 3741: 3732: 3726: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3663: 3657: 3648: 3639: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3548:"Guitar effects" 3544: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3522: 3484:Nonlinear filter 3424:This footswitch 3398:electronic tuner 3347:There is also a 3258:Upright bassists 3035:Pitch correction 3004:speaker cabinets 2982:Guitar amplifier 2893:psychedelic rock 2876:guitar amplifier 2865:guitar amplifier 2854:Feedback/sustain 2844:Electro-Harmonix 2842:Reverb effects: 2751:Electro-Harmonix 2692: 2691: 2671: 2670: 2651: 2519:Electro-Harmonix 2435:sequence with a 2313:Electro-Harmonix 2246:Electro-Harmonix 2225:, the intro to " 2171:Electro-Harmonix 2165:Chorus effects: 2085: 2084: 2064: 2063: 2043: 2042: 2022: 2021: 2001: 2000: 1980: 1979: 1960: 1925:Morley Power Wah 1870:Rocktron Banshee 1608:Electro-Harmonix 1606:Volume effects: 1531:tonewheel organs 1450:MXR Distortion + 1354:an instrument's 1323: 1322: 1303: 1219:Electro-Harmonix 1217:manufactured by 1206:effects pedals. 1200:Guided by Voices 1133:were available. 1107:Boss Corporation 871:combo amplifiers 865:began including 831:tape echo effect 611:music technology 567:noise gate pedal 500: 499: 486: 477: 468: 459: 450: 380:auxiliary output 174:effects such as 130:effects such as 61:octave generator 21: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7859:Sound recording 7834: 7833: 7832: 7822: 7820: 7812: 7810: 7805: 7796: 7794: 7787: 7735: 7669: 7635:Record producer 7620:Mixing engineer 7593: 7540: 7506:MIDI controller 7481:Circuit bending 7462: 7404: 7381: 7357:Monitor speaker 7335: 7277: 7225:Recording media 7219: 7210:Music sequencer 7195:Monitor speaker 7141:Sound recording 7135: 7107: 7102: 7072: 7067: 7058: 7056: 7049: 6998: 6967:Record producer 6920: 6916: 6905: 6859: 6855: 6844: 6785:Double tracking 6741: 6734: 6725:Sound recording 6663:Audio mastering 6644: 6639: 6609: 6608: 6599: 6597: 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5653: 5651: 5650:on 5 March 2016 5647: 5640: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5616:McNamee, David 5615: 5611: 5605: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5502: 5498: 5491: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5464: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5437: 5424: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5394: 5393: 5386: 5381:Wayback Machine 5372: 5368: 5361: 5357: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5334: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5302: 5295: 5288: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5233:on 17 June 2010 5224: 5223: 5219: 5212: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5181: 5177: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5143: 5139: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5093: 5092: 5085: 5074: 5070: 5060: 5058: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5014: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4983: 4979: 4973: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4946: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4915: 4908: 4901: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4874: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4791: 4789: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4760: 4758: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4710: 4706: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4584: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4422: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4312: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4276:, 1992, p. 19. 4264: 4260: 4253: 4238: 4237: 4230: 4219: 4215: 4205: 4203: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4179: 4177: 4176:. 23 April 2018 4168: 4167: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4115:Chester, Paul. 4114: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4093: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4013: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3984: 3982: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3957: 3953: 3942: 3938: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3862: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3786: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3733: 3729: 3718: 3714: 3707: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3649: 3642: 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1847:Alice in Chains 1768:Audio engineers 1724: 1543: 1512:Vox Tone Bender 1408:tube amplifiers 1345: 1344: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1324: 1317: 1314: 1307: 1301: 1296: 1290: 1274: 1267: 1251:George Harrison 1243:Nine Inch Nails 1188:Stephen Malkmus 1127:ring modulators 1085:effects of the 1038:The electronic 1024: 921:tube amplifiers 851:Fender Vibrolux 843: 827:Watkins Copicat 794: 789: 734:bass amplifiers 689: 650: 631:foot controller 575: 518:, an unaltered 497: 496: 490: 489: 484: 475: 466: 457: 448: 400: 360: 274: 250:audio engineers 199:Leslie speakers 138:, which affect 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7887: 7885: 7877: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7836: 7835: 7831: 7830: 7807: 7806: 7792: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7780: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7743: 7741: 7740:Related topics 7737: 7736: 7734: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7696:Lejaren Hiller 7693: 7688: 7683: 7677: 7675: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7655:Sound operator 7652: 7650:Sound follower 7647: 7645:Sound designer 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7605:Audio engineer 7601: 7599: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7550: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7472: 7470: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7423:Bass amplifier 7420: 7418:Mixing console 7414: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7391: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7343: 7341: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7229: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7161: 7156: 7154:Mixing console 7151: 7145: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7117: 7115: 7109: 7108: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7078: 7069: 7068: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7006: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6979: 6974: 6972:Rhythm section 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6932:Audio engineer 6929: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6876:Overproduction 6873: 6868: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6805:Exciter effect 6802: 6797: 6792: 6782: 6777: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6746: 6744: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6696: 6695: 6690: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6654: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6630: 6623: 6615: 6607: 6606: 6583: 6558: 6551: 6531: 6516: 6501: 6478: 6467:. DIY Stompbox 6456: 6430: 6404: 6378: 6371: 6351: 6329: 6303: 6288: 6273: 6266: 6246: 6225: 6205: 6190: 6150: 6135: 6120: 6105: 6098: 6078: 6053: 6038: 6010: 5982: 5946: 5940:Premier Guitar 5925: 5897: 5869: 5838: 5825:Sound on Sound 5810: 5782: 5767: 5752: 5737: 5711: 5689: 5683: 5660: 5626: 5609: 5603: 5578: 5563: 5557: 5537: 5511: 5496: 5489: 5469: 5462: 5442: 5435: 5414: 5407: 5384: 5366: 5355: 5343: 5332: 5311: 5293: 5286: 5266: 5244: 5217: 5210: 5190: 5175: 5152: 5137: 5119: 5112: 5083: 5068: 5046: 5039: 5019: 5012: 4992: 4977: 4971: 4951: 4944: 4924: 4906: 4899: 4879: 4872: 4846: 4840: 4820: 4798: 4788:on 21 May 2013 4782:Glide Magazine 4768: 4738: 4729:AES Convention 4719: 4704: 4689: 4682: 4662: 4651: 4632: 4611: 4589: 4582: 4562: 4555: 4535: 4528: 4508: 4482: 4454: 4447: 4427: 4420: 4392: 4385: 4365: 4347: 4321: 4310: 4286: 4258: 4251: 4228: 4213: 4187: 4161: 4149: 4134: 4107: 4098: 4091: 4071: 4043: 4037: 4017: 4011: 3991: 3980:Sound on Sound 3966: 3951: 3936: 3921: 3914: 3894: 3887: 3867: 3860: 3840: 3826: 3806: 3791: 3784: 3764: 3751:Egnater, Bruce 3742: 3727: 3712: 3705: 3685: 3678: 3658: 3640: 3619: 3612: 3592: 3585: 3565: 3539: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3458: 3455: 3447:pedal keyboard 3377: 3374: 3344: 3341: 3309:Death By Audio 3305:Emlyn Crowther 3277: 3274: 3219:Main article: 3208: 3205: 3149:Korg Kaoss Pad 3128:Doppler effect 3037:/vocal effects 3020:Leslie speaker 2957: 2954: 2860:Audio feedback 2855: 2852: 2829:delay circuits 2809:acoustic space 2700: 2694: 2684: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2628: 2625: 2525:Main article: 2510: 2507: 2470:transistorized 2410:Rolling Stones 2390:transistorized 2324:Ring modulator 2256:BF-3 Flanger. 2215:Doppler effect 2148:variations or 2093: 2087: 2077: 2074:Vibrato effect 2072: 2071: 2066: 2056: 2053:Tremolo effect 2051: 2050: 2045: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2014: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1902:spectral glide 1855:Peter Frampton 1851:Man in the box 1789:Peter Frampton 1744:linear filters 1730:content of an 1723: 1720: 1681:: Noise gates 1628:string section 1618:Volume Pedal. 1557:162; Dbx 165; 1542: 1539: 1535:electric piano 1335: 1325: 1315: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1292:Main article: 1289: 1286: 1266: 1263: 1196:Robert Pollard 1172:tube amplifier 1160:'s 1991 album 1131:phase shifters 1091:Hammond organs 1023: 1020: 980:Pete Townshend 945:Joe Hill Louis 933:Willie Johnson 891:Luther Perkins 842: 839: 793: 790: 788: 785: 765:Hammond organs 688: 687:Built-in units 685: 649: 646: 638:front of house 574: 571: 488: 487: 479: 470: 461: 451: 447: 420:potentiometers 399: 396: 359: 356: 290:effects device 273: 270: 258:electric piano 231:audio plug-ins 223:tabletop units 203:spring reverbs 176:pitch shifters 148:wah-wah pedals 120:electric blues 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7886: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7869:Sound effects 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7844:Effects units 7842: 7841: 7839: 7829: 7819: 7815: 7804: 7803: 7790: 7784: 7783:Vehicle audio 7781: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7752:High fidelity 7750: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7738: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7596: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7543: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7465: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7387:Digital audio 7384: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7331:Tape recorder 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7301:Cassette deck 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7238:Magnetic tape 7236: 7234: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7222: 7216: 7215:Outboard gear 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7149:Audio channel 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7094: 7092: 7087: 7085: 7080: 7079: 7076: 7066: 7065: 7052: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7015:Interpolation 7013: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7001: 6995: 6992: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6983: 6982:Backup singer 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6908: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6896:Wall of Sound 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6815:Octave effect 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6760:Chorus effect 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6737: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6694: 6693:Wah-wah pedal 6691: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6636: 6631: 6629: 6624: 6622: 6617: 6616: 6613: 6595: 6594: 6587: 6584: 6573: 6572:Music Players 6569: 6562: 6559: 6554: 6552:9781906005023 6548: 6544: 6543: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6520: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6505: 6502: 6497: 6493: 6492:MAKE Magazine 6489: 6482: 6479: 6466: 6460: 6457: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6431: 6419:. Effects Bay 6418: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6392: 6388: 6382: 6379: 6374: 6372:9781617747021 6368: 6364: 6363: 6355: 6352: 6339: 6333: 6330: 6317: 6313: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6299: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6284: 6277: 6274: 6269: 6267:9780761151418 6263: 6259: 6258: 6250: 6247: 6242: 6236: 6228: 6226:9780295984988 6222: 6218: 6217: 6209: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6194: 6191: 6186: 6180: 6164: 6160: 6154: 6151: 6147: 6146: 6139: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6109: 6106: 6101: 6099:9780761151418 6095: 6091: 6090: 6082: 6079: 6067: 6063: 6057: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6042: 6039: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6014: 6011: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5986: 5983: 5971: 5970: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5950: 5947: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5929: 5926: 5914: 5913: 5908: 5901: 5898: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5814: 5811: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5748: 5741: 5738: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5700: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5646: 5639: 5638: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5604:0-88188-290-9 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5574: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5558:9780634060465 5554: 5550: 5549: 5541: 5538: 5525: 5521: 5515: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5500: 5497: 5492: 5490:9780879308612 5486: 5482: 5481: 5473: 5470: 5465: 5459: 5455: 5454: 5446: 5443: 5438: 5436:9780879305666 5432: 5428: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5410: 5408:9780471490784 5404: 5400: 5399: 5391: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5336: 5333: 5321: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5287:9781441995360 5283: 5279: 5278: 5270: 5267: 5255: 5248: 5245: 5232: 5228: 5221: 5218: 5213: 5211:9780764577079 5207: 5203: 5202: 5194: 5191: 5187: 5186: 5179: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5153: 5149: 5148: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5133: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5115: 5109: 5105: 5100: 5099: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5072: 5069: 5056: 5050: 5047: 5042: 5040:0-19-514484-8 5036: 5032: 5031: 5023: 5020: 5015: 5013:0-415-97324-4 5009: 5005: 5004: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4981: 4978: 4974: 4972:9780634060465 4968: 4964: 4963: 4955: 4952: 4947: 4945:9780471490784 4941: 4937: 4936: 4928: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4900:9780793591404 4896: 4892: 4891: 4883: 4880: 4875: 4873:9781423418078 4869: 4865: 4860: 4859: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4841:9780826419033 4837: 4833: 4832: 4824: 4821: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4769: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4685: 4683:9780879307820 4679: 4675: 4674: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4655: 4652: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4585: 4583:0-7935-2509-8 4579: 4575: 4574: 4566: 4563: 4558: 4556:9780801878626 4552: 4548: 4547: 4539: 4536: 4531: 4529:9781860640902 4525: 4521: 4520: 4512: 4509: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4478:0-8223-1265-4 4475: 4471: 4467: 4466:Present Tense 4463: 4462:Robert Palmer 4458: 4455: 4450: 4448:9781854108739 4444: 4440: 4439: 4431: 4428: 4423: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4396: 4393: 4388: 4386:9780826463227 4382: 4378: 4377: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4350: 4348:0-394-51322-3 4344: 4340: 4339:Rolling Stone 4335: 4334: 4325: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4311:0-8223-1265-4 4307: 4303: 4299: 4298: 4290: 4287: 4283: 4282:0-8223-1265-4 4279: 4275: 4271: 4270:Present Tense 4267: 4266:Robert Palmer 4262: 4259: 4254: 4252:9781423416661 4248: 4244: 4243: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4217: 4214: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4138: 4135: 4122: 4118: 4111: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4094: 4092:9780262680820 4088: 4084: 4083: 4075: 4072: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4038:9780634060465 4034: 4030: 4029: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4012:9789076192376 4008: 4004: 4003: 3995: 3992: 3981: 3977: 3970: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3925: 3922: 3917: 3915:0-88284-494-6 3911: 3907: 3906: 3898: 3895: 3890: 3888:9780879308728 3884: 3880: 3879: 3871: 3868: 3863: 3861:9780879308728 3857: 3853: 3852: 3844: 3841: 3829: 3827:9781445766249 3823: 3819: 3818: 3810: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3792: 3787: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3768: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3731: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3716: 3713: 3708: 3706:9780240521633 3702: 3698: 3697: 3689: 3686: 3681: 3679:9781423419716 3675: 3671: 3670: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3620: 3615: 3613:9781931140065 3609: 3605: 3604: 3596: 3593: 3588: 3586:9781457415043 3582: 3578: 3577: 3569: 3566: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3540: 3527: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3489:Outboard gear 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3382: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3337:Z.Vex Effects 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3313:Robert Keeley 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3213: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3189:reverberation 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3171:, filtering, 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3144: 3142: 3137: 3136:Hammond organ 3133: 3132:Donald Leslie 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3107: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3079:fretless bass 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3036: 3031: 3029: 3026:capacity and 3025: 3021: 3017: 3016:chorus effect 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2983: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2956:Other effects 2955: 2953: 2951: 2950:dynamic range 2946: 2941: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2818:Spring reverb 2815: 2810: 2806: 2805: 2796: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2760: 2759:Roland RE-201 2756: 2752: 2749:Carbon Copy, 2748: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2736:Guns N' Roses 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2715: 2708: 2706: 2682: 2661: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2615:White Stripes 2612: 2608: 2604: 2603:David Gilmour 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2557: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2527:Pitch shifter 2520: 2515: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2461:opera singers 2458: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2431:: Combines a 2430: 2429: 2424: 2422: 2417: 2415: 2414:Gimme Shelter 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2357:Black Sabbath 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2315:Small Stone, 2314: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2207:audio signals 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2176: 2175:TC Electronic 2173:Small Clone, 2172: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2099: 2075: 2054: 2033: 2012: 2011:Phaser effect 1991: 1970: 1969:Chorus effect 1950: 1948: 1946: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1919:Wah effects: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1910:potentiometer 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1882: 1881:Wah-wah pedal 1877: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1823:Stevie Wonder 1820: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1750:) or weaken ( 1749: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1691:dynamic range 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1667:MXR Dyna Comp 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1644:dynamic range 1641: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1341: 1329: 1313: 1295: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1272: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059:octave effect 1056: 1055:wah-wah pedal 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1033: 1028: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 908: 904: 903:spring reverb 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 852: 847: 840: 838: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 798:echo chambers 791: 786: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 742: 739: 735: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 702: 698: 693: 686: 684: 682: 678: 674: 669: 666: 658: 654: 647: 645: 642: 639: 634: 632: 628: 623: 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 596: 591: 584: 579: 572: 570: 568: 564: 560: 556: 555:phase shifter 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 498:effects chain 483: 480: 474: 471: 465: 462: 456: 453: 452: 445: 444:effects chain 440: 436: 434: 430: 429:chorus effect 425: 421: 417: 408: 404: 397: 395: 393: 392:outboard gear 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 357: 355: 353: 349: 345: 342: 338: 333: 331: 327: 323: 319: 318:effects pedal 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 296:or simply an 295: 291: 287: 278: 271: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 246: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 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Retrieved 6459: 6449:18 September 6447:. Retrieved 6443:the original 6433: 6423:18 September 6421:. Retrieved 6397:18 September 6395:. Retrieved 6391:the original 6381: 6361: 6354: 6344:18 September 6342:. Retrieved 6332: 6322:10 September 6320:. Retrieved 6316:the original 6306: 6297: 6291: 6282: 6276: 6256: 6249: 6215: 6208: 6199: 6193: 6167:. Retrieved 6163:the original 6153: 6144: 6138: 6129: 6123: 6114: 6108: 6088: 6081: 6069:. Retrieved 6065: 6056: 6047: 6041: 6031:16 September 6029:. Retrieved 6025:Guitar World 6023: 6013: 6001:. Retrieved 5997:Guitar World 5995: 5985: 5973:. Retrieved 5969:Guitar World 5967: 5962:Guitar World 5961: 5957: 5949: 5938: 5928: 5916:. Retrieved 5910: 5900: 5883:Total Guitar 5881: 5872: 5860:. Retrieved 5854: 5831:16 September 5829:. Retrieved 5823: 5813: 5801:. Retrieved 5795: 5785: 5776: 5770: 5761: 5755: 5746: 5740: 5728:. Retrieved 5714: 5702:. 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