295:(her brother in law) in his bid for the Obaship over Kosoko's. After Akitoye emerged Oba, he granted Tinubu favorable commercial concessions. Against the wish of his chiefs, Akitoye invited Kosoko back to Lagos and tried to placate him. Soon thereafter, Kosoko dislodged Akitoye from the throne. Considering Tinubu's alliance with Akitoye, she and other Akitoye supporters fled to Badagry when Kosoko became Oba in 1845. As a wealthy woman, Madam Tinubu was able to influence economic and political decisions during her time in Badagry. She tried to rally Akitoye's supporters to wage war against Kosoko.
405:
361:. While in Abeokuta, she allegedly opposed colonial policies in Lagos. In 1865, a fire engulfed the shops of some traders including some of her properties in Abeokuta. This doesn't appear to have weakened her financially, however. Tinubu became involved in Abeokuta king-making activities as well, supporting Prince Oyekan over Ademola for the Alake of Egbaland's title in 1879. Tinubu appears to have had another marriage with one Momoh Bukar, an Arabic scholar. Momoh's children from other wives later adopted the Tinubu name.
416:
111:
319:. Under Dosunmu's reign Tinubu had a massive security force composed of slaves and she sometimes executed orders usually given by the king. As a result, Dosunmu grew wary of her influence in Lagos. A new development was the colonial government's support for migrants from Brazil and Sierra Leone to settle in Lagos. Many of the migrants, also called
330:
In 1855, when
Campbell traveled to England, Tinubu tried to influence Dosunmu to limit the influence of the returnees. Dosunmu was noncommittal to her request and consequently, Tinubu was alleged to have played a part in an uprising against the returnees in which her husband, Yesufu Bada, was a major
377:
On one occasion, during her final sojourn in
Abeokuta, she was alleged to have sold a young boy into slavery and was accused of it. When arraigned before Ogundipe Alatise over the matter, she reportedly explained: 'I have a large house-hold and I must feed them well. I need money to do that, that's
240:
Tinubu was born in the
Ojokodo forest area of Egbaland. Her father's name was Olumosa. She was allegedly of Owu ancestry, either through her maternal or paternal side. Madam Tinubu was reportedly married multiple times. Her first marriage was to an Owu man. It bore two sons. After her Owu husband
310:
and Kakawa Street. Later, a conflict developed between Tinubu and some slave traders including Possu, a Kosoko loyalist. Consequently, Possu, Ajenia, and other traders tried to instigate an uprising against
Akitoye because of Madam Tinubu's influence in Lagos. In the interest of peace,
36:
203:
under
Campbell's pressure after Tinubu plotted unsuccessful conspiracies to remove British influence from Lagos and assassinate Campbell. While in Abeokuta, she helped supply the city with munition during its victorious war against the
439:(Tinubu's precinct or Tinubu Square) had long been known by that name before the country's independence, but it was renamed Independence Square by the leaders of the First Republic. A statue of Tinubu stands in Abeokuta.
198:
denounced Tinubu's economic hegemony over Lagos and her secret slave-trading, and she came into conflict with the
British and rival Lagos merchants. Following the ascendancy of Oba Dosunnu, Dosunmu exiled Tinubu to
306:, Tinubu subverted the 1852 treaty and secretly traded slaves for guns with Brazilians and Portuguese traders. Further, she obtained a tract of land from Akitoye which now constitutes part of the present-day
284:. During Oluwole's reign, Madam Tinubu remarried one Yesufu Bada, alias Obadina, who was Oluwole's war captain and with the support of Oluwole, Tinubu and Yesufu's trading activities in
194:. However, Tinubu covertly persisted in operating the slave trade with Brazilian and European merchants, in violation of the treaty, and Akitoye willingly permitted this. British consul
393:
303:
245:, which was traditionally the place of refuge for Lagos monarchs. At Badagry, she exploited Adele's connections to build a formidable business trading in tobacco, salt, and slaves.
187:
802:
Order and disorder in Africa: papers of the A.S.A.U.K. Biennial
Conference, hosted by the Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling, 8-10 September 1992, Volume 1
269:
was invited by him to become Oba again. Tinubu accompanied Adele to Lagos, but the Oba died 2 years later. After Adele's death in 1837, Tinubu reportedly supported
1213:
1208:
241:
died, she remarried the exiled Oba Adele Ajosun in 1833 who, while visiting
Abeokuta, was allegedly charmed by Tinubu. She moved with the exiled Oba to
315:, the British Consul in Lagos, asked Akitoye to exile Tinubu. After Akitoye died, Tinubu returned to Lagos and gave her support to his successor,
1178:
1163:
559:
280:
Oba
Oluwole had recurring conflicts with Kosoko, who felt that he was the true heir to the throne. Consequently, Kosoko was banished to
396:) wherein Tinubu tells another slave trader (Domingo Martinez) that "she would rather drown the slaves than sell them at a discount".
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312:
195:
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1138:
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838:
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510:
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526:
331:
participant. When
Campbell returned in 1856, he asked Dosunmu to banish Tinubu. In May 1856, Tinubu was banished to Abeokuta.>
592:
Weise, Constanze (1 September 2020). "Women and trade in the Nupe–Borgu region during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries".
677:
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1143:
171:
and used his connections to establish a successful trade network with European merchants in slaves, tobacco, salt, cotton,
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500:
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404:
302:, dislodged Kosoko from the throne, and installed a more amenable Akitoye as Oba of Lagos. Though Akitoye signed a
186:
from his throne and replaced him with Akitoye, who was backed by Tinubu. The British had Akitoye sign the 1852
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227:, Nigeria, was named after her and also has a statue of her. She also has a statue in Abeokuta, Nigeria.
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191:
1061:, John Middleton and Joseph C. Miller, eds., 2nd ed. Vol. 5 (Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008)
261:, Idewu Ojulari's brother, was a major contender for the now vacant throne. Eletu Odibo, the chief
652:
1054:, Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Emmanuel K. Akyeampong, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008)
1005:
609:
299:
205:
179:
327:, were favored by the British in commerce and soon began dominating legitimate trade in Lagos.
861:
780:
555:
506:
448:
601:
373:, authored by Nigerian historian Oladipo Yemitan, paints her views regarding slave trading.
703:
1089:
Nigerian women and British colonialism : the Yoruba example with selected biographies
353:
320:
435:
on Lagos Island, a place previously known as Independence Square, is named after her.
343:, Madam Tinubu traded in arms and supplied Abeokuta with munitions in the war against
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220:
129:
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274:
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839:"Madam Tinubu: Inside the political and business empire of a 19th century heroine"
605:
527:"Madam Tinubu: Inside the political and business empire of a 19th century heroine"
1097:
549:
505:. University of California, Berkeley (University of Illinois Press). p. 40.
732:
463:
348:
1113:
35:
133:
79:
53:
777:
Queens, queen mothers, priestesses, and power: case studies in African gender
262:
23:
175:, coconut oil, and firearms. She allegedly owned over 360 personal slaves.
1028:"Tinubu Square: A befitting memorial to an Amazon | The Nation Newspaper"
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392:, captures a slave trading deal gone sour in 1853 (notably after the
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In December 1851 and under the justification of abolishing slavery,
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Another section of Yemitan's Tinubu biography, referred to as the
253:
The exiled Oba Adele was still in Badagry when his successor, Oba
224:
144:
109:
678:"Women in Power: Madame Efunroye Tinubu-1st Iyalode of Egba land"
167:, helping the latter two Obas gain political power. She married
939:
937:
143:
She was a politically and economically influential figure in
383:
Oladipo. Yemitan, 'Madame Tinubu: Merchant and King-maker'
136:, merchant, and slave trader in pre-colonial and colonial
427:
Tinubu died in 1887 and is buried in Ojokodo Quarters in
860:. University of California Press, 1979. pp. 73–74.
1067:
The history, people and culture of Ita-Tinubu community
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708:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
657:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
632:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
779:. New York Academy of Sciences, 1997. p. 8.
628:"Madam Efunroye Tinubu: The Indomitable Iyalode"
804:. SOAS, University of London, 1992. p. 26.
502:Women's History in Global Perspective, Volume 3
375:
304:treaty with Britain outlawing the slave trade
8:
1076:Political and cultural perspectives of Lagos
943:
928:
916:
904:
880:
291:When Oluwole died in 1841, Tinubu supported
347:. Her activities in the war earned her the
219:She died in Abeokuta in 1887. The landmark
190:, which required Lagosians to abolish the
34:
18:
832:
830:
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770:
768:
1074:Fasinro, Hassan Adisa Babatunde (2004).
1006:"Tinubu, Madam Efunroye (ca. 1805-1887)"
991:
979:
967:
955:
892:
653:"Restoring the pride of a warrior lady"
579:"Madam Efunroye Tinubu (ca. 1805-1887)"
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394:1852 Treaty abolishing slavery in Lagos
1099:Madame Tinubu: Merchant and King-maker
371:Madame Tinubu: Merchant and King-maker
188:Treaty Between Great Britain and Lagos
819:
759:
726:
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486:
7:
1214:19th-century Nigerian businesspeople
573:
571:
1209:19th-century Nigerian businesswomen
594:Canadian Journal of African Studies
265:, thwarted Kosoko's aspiration and
1050:Gloria Chuku, "Tinubu, Efunroye,"
14:
369:The often cited biography titled
273:(her stepson) in his bid for the
178:Following British victory in the
1004:Foster, Hannah (10 April 2014).
1091:(PhD). Northwestern University.
1065:Adams, Lawal Babatunde (2002).
1052:Dictionary of African Biography
1057:"Tinubu, Madame (1805-1887),"
858:The Lagos Consulate, 1851-1861
856:Smith, Robert (January 1979).
551:Madam Tinubu: Queens of Africa
1:
1083:Johnson-Odim, Cheryl (1978).
606:10.1080/00083968.2020.1749097
121:
1179:Businesspeople from Abeokuta
1164:People from colonial Nigeria
1102:. Ibadan: University Press.
1069:. Lagos: Tinubu Foundation.
419:Statue of Madame Tinubu in
300:the British bombarded Lagos
1240:
1059:New Encyclopedia of Africa
182:, the British removed Oba
1174:Businesspeople from Lagos
1096:Yemitan, Ọladipọ (1987).
1078:. University of Michigan.
775:Kaplan, Flora S. (1997).
731:Qeturah (20 March 2016).
33:
1189:Yoruba women in politics
1139:Yoruba women in business
800:Nelson & McCracken.
499:Bonnie G. Smith (2004).
277:over that of Kosoko's.
208:, thus earning her the
126:Ẹfúnpọ̀róyè Ọ̀ṣuntinúbú
424:
412:
386:
114:
93:Merchant, slave trader
1169:Burials in Ogun State
1159:African slave traders
1144:Yoruba businesspeople
454:Seriki Williams Abass
418:
407:
147:during the reigns of
113:
1194:Ologun-Kutere family
1154:African slave owners
459:Nigerian chieftaincy
192:Atlantic slave trade
1204:History of Abeokuta
124:1810 – 1887), born
16:Nigerian aristocrat
1224:Women slave owners
425:
413:
206:Kingdom of Dahomey
180:Reduction of Lagos
115:
944:Johnson-Odim 1978
929:Johnson-Odim 1978
917:Johnson-Odim 1978
905:Johnson-Odim 1978
881:Johnson-Odim 1978
684:. 18 October 2013
561:978-1-908-2185-82
554:. MX Publishing.
449:Efunsetan Aniwura
423:, Nigeria in 2019
390:Amadie-Ojo Affair
313:Benjamin Campbell
196:Benjamin Campbell
128:, was a powerful
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1008:. The Black Past
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581:. 10 April 2014.
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365:Views on slavery
275:Obaship of Lagos
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733:"Madam Tinubu"
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75:Resting place
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1184:Arms traders
1129:1810s births
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1032:. Retrieved
1030:. 2013-11-22
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
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992:Yemitan 1987
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980:Yemitan 1987
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968:Yemitan 1987
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956:Yemitan 1987
951:
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893:Fasinro 2004
888:
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842:
822:, p. 8.
801:
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762:, p. 7.
740:. Retrieved
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712:. Retrieved
710:. 2016-03-20
707:
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686:. Retrieved
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661:. Retrieved
659:. 2017-02-26
656:
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636:. Retrieved
634:. 2020-01-26
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531:. Retrieved
529:. The Nation
521:
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102:Adele Ajosun
1134:1887 deaths
742:23 December
688:23 December
464:Gogo Habiba
349:chieftaincy
210:chieftaincy
151:(monarchs)
1123:Categories
1045:References
1034:2022-12-22
1012:29 October
843:The Nation
820:Adams 2002
760:Adams 2002
714:2022-03-10
663:2022-12-22
638:2022-12-22
487:Adams 2002
437:Ita Tinubu
357:of all of
236:Early life
134:aristocrat
80:Ogun State
78:Abeokuta,
54:Yorubaland
614:225664324
263:kingmaker
169:Oba Adele
98:Spouse(s)
533:July 29,
443:See also
429:Abeokuta
421:Abeokuta
381:—
359:Egbaland
341:Abeokuta
335:Abeokuta
286:Egbaland
201:Abeokuta
173:palm oil
68:Abeokuta
50:Egbaland
411:in 2014
354:Iyalode
345:Dahomey
317:Dosunmu
293:Akitoye
271:Oluwole
243:Badagry
214:Iyalode
165:Akitoye
161:Oluwole
157:Dosunmu
138:Nigeria
132:female
84:Nigeria
46:c. 1810
864:
783:
612:
558:
509:
288:grew.
282:Ouidah
259:Kosoko
184:Kosoko
163:, and
130:Yoruba
682:Asiri
610:S2CID
470:Notes
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