1119:. . . nor must it be forgotten that a child has a different estimate of his parents at different periods of his life. At the time at which the Oedipus complex gives place to the super-ego they are something quite magnificent; but later, they lose much of this. Identifications then come about with these later parents as well, and indeed they regularly make important contributions to the formation of character; but in that case they only affect the ego, they no longer influence the super-ego, which has been determined by the earliest parental images.
68:
935:
tug of war the teams fight against one another in equality, while the ego is against the much stronger 'id'." In fact, the ego is required to serve "three severe masters...the external world, the superego and the id." It seeks to find a balance between the natural drives of the id, the limitations imposed by reality, and the strictures of the superego. It is concerned with self-preservation: it strives to keep the id's instinctive needs within limits, adapted to reality and submissive to the superego.
791:
830:) encouraged Freud to assume that the metapsychological elaboration of the structural model would make it fully compatible with biological sciences such as evolutionary theory and enable a well-founded concept of mental health. However, as important as this is for the diagnostic process (illness can only be recognised as a deviation from the economic flawless interlocking of all psycho-organic functions), Freud had to be modest and leave struktural model in the unfinished state of a
920:) and rules the muscular apparatus. Since the id's drives are frequently incompatible with the moral prescriptions and religious illusions of contemporary cultures, the ego attempts to direct the libidinal energy and satisfy its demands in accordance with the imperatives of that reality. According to Freud the ego, in its role as mediator between the id and reality, is often "obliged to cloak the (unconscious) commands of the id with its own
1140:
origins as we require it to be in men...they are often more influenced in their judgements by feelings of affection or hostility." However, Freud went on to modify his position to the effect "that the majority of men are also far behind the masculine ideal and that all human individuals, as a result of their human identity, combine in themselves both masculine and feminine characteristics, otherwise known as human characteristics."
795:
the ego with the aim of satisfying the id's needs. This includes the perception and valuation of external reality factors and leads to experiences that the superego internalizes through neuronal imprinting. In general, the superego contains the socialization that takes place during childhood; this gives it its function as our "conscience". The boundaries between un- and consciousness are'nt sharp: "Where id was, ego shall become."
860:
satisfaction of drives in accordance with the pleasure principle. It is oblivious to reason and the presumptions of ordinary conscious life: "contrary impulses exist side by side, without cancelling each other. . . There is nothing in the id that could be compared with negation. . . nothing in the id which corresponds to the idea of time." The id "knows no judgements of value: no good and evil, no morality. ...Instinctual
763:, the demands of external reality and those of the critical superego; Freud compared the ego - in its relation to the id - to a man on horseback: the rider must restrain and direct the superior energy of his animal and at times allow for a satisfaction of its urges if he wants to keep it alive and the species healthy. The ego is thus "in the habit of transforming the id's will into action, as if it were its own."
1217:
1237:. By introducing the structural model, Freud was seeking to reduce his reliance on the term "unconscious" in its systematic and topographic senseâas the mental region that is foreign to the egoâby replacing it with the concept of the 'id'." The partition of the psyche outlined in the structural model is thus one that cuts across the topographical model's partition of "conscious vs. unconscious".
657:
1260:
The three newly presented entities, however, remained closely connected to their previous conceptions, including those that went under different names â the systematic unconscious for the id, and the conscience/ego ideal for the superego. Freud never abandoned the topographical division of conscious,
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is specialise in storing memorys: namely, the main function of the superego. Its content consists of experiences that the ego partly initiated itself in its attempts to satisfy the needs of the id, and continues to make them available in the future. Freud's three-instance model seems thus proven from
934:
According to Freud, "the ego is that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world. ...The ego represents what may be called reason and common sense, in contrast to the id, which contains the passions... it is like a tug of war... with the difference that in the
867:
Developmentally, the id precedes the ego. The id consists of the basic instinctual drives that are present at birth, inherent in the somatic organization, and governed only by the pleasure principle. The psychic apparatus begins as an undifferentiated id, part of which then develops into a structured
794:
Freud's model of the soul, referring to his rider-horse parable: The human head symbolizes the ego, the animal the id. Similarly, the dynamics of the libido (drive energy) branch out from the id into two main areas: the mental urge to know and the bodily urge to act. Both are bundled into actions in
1166:
Modern technology has made possible to observe the bioelectrical activity of neurones in the living brain. This led to the realisation in which area of the brain the needs of the organism for food, skin desire, consolation etc. begin to show themselves neuronally; where the highest performances of
1085:", that criticizes and prohibits the expression of drives, fantasies, feelings, and actions. Thus the superego works in contradiction to the id. It is an internalized mechanism that operates to confine the ego to socially acceptable behaviour, whereas the id merely seeks instant self-gratification.
1070:
and the "special psychical agency which performs the task of seeing that narcissistic satisfaction from the ego ideal is ensured...what we call our 'conscience'." For him the superego can be described as "a successful instance of identification with the parental agency", and as development proceeds
938:
Thus "driven by the id, confined by the superego, repulsed by reality" the ego struggles to bring about harmony among the competing forces. Consequently, it can easily be subject to "realistic anxiety regarding the external world, moral anxiety regarding the superego, and neurotic anxiety regarding
1264:
The iceberg metaphor is a commonly used visual metaphor depicting the relationship between the ego, id and superego agencies (structural model) and the conscious and unconscious psychic systems (topographic model). In the iceberg metaphor the entire id and part of both the superego and the ego are
930:
Originally, Freud used the word ego to mean the sense of self, but later expanded it to include psychic functions such as judgment, tolerance, reality testing, control, planning, defense, synthesis of information, intellectual functioning, and memory. The ego is the organizing principle upon which
1207:
of the superego at birth), but this cannot be a substitute for interpersonal dialogue. Spoken sentences, shown mimik and bodlaguage is the way in which our âbrainsâ communicate about the feelings, needs of the id and all problems; therefore lively communication remains the main instrument for the
1100:
The super-ego retains the character of the father, while the more powerful the
Oedipus complex was and the more rapidly it succumbed to repression (under the influence of authority, religious teaching, schooling and reading), the stricter will be the domination of the super-ego over the ego later
903:
and
Thanatos are regarded as fundamental forces of the id, which co-operate despite their apparent incompatibility: The organism has the urge to 'synthetically' regenerate by integration of suitable molecules into itself, for this purpose it must first deconstruct the ingested food complexes: the
939:
the strength of the passions in the id." The ego may wish to serve the id, trying to gloss over the finer details of reality to minimize conflicts, while pretending to have a regard for reality. But the superego is constantly watching every one of the ego's moves and punishes it with feelings of
859:
Freud described the id as "the dark, inaccessible part of our personality". Understanding of the id is limited to analysis of dreams and neurotic symptoms, and it can only be described in terms of its contrast with the ego. It has no organisation and no collective will: it is concerned only with
1139:
The concept of superego and the
Oedipus complex is subject to criticism for its perceived sexism. Women, who are considered to be already castrated, do not identify with the father, and therefore, for Freud, "their super-ego is never so inexorable, so impersonal, so independent of its emotional
1240:
Freud favoured the structural model because of the increased degree of precision and diversification that it allowed. Although the id is unconscious by definition, the ego and the superego are both partly conscious and partly unconscious. With the new model, Freud felt he had achieved a more
1075:
Thus a child's super-ego is in fact constructed on the model not of its parents but of its parents' super-ego; the contents which fill it are the same and it becomes the vehicle of tradition and of all the time-resisting judgments of value which have propagated themselves in this manner from
1041:"The ego is not sharply separated from the id; its lower portion merges into it.... But the repressed merges into the id as well, and is merely a part of it. The repressed is only cut off sharply from the ego by the resistances of repression; it can communicate with the ego through the id." (
1136:âthe manifest power that the imago representsâon four levels: (i) the auto-erotic, (ii) the narcissistic, (iii) the anal, and (iv) the phallic. Those different levels of mental development, and their relations to parental imagos, correspond to specific id forms of aggression and affection.
1228:
In his earlier "topographic model", Freud divided the psyche into three "regions" or "systems": "the
Conscious", that which is present to awareness at the surface level of the psyche in any given moment, including information and stimuli from both internal and external sources; "the
1038:
1261:
preconscious, and unconscious, though he noted that "the three qualities of consciousness and the three provinces of the mental apparatus do not fall together into three peaceful couples...we had no right to expect any such smooth arrangement."
1183:
However, it is one thing to visualise the bioelectric activity in the brain on a computer screen and another to live out the needs of the id in human interaction. The urge for knowledge (curiosity) can be satisfied by applying Freud's method of
1065:
The superego reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly as absorbed from parents, but also other authority figures, and the general cultural ethos. Freud developed his concept of the superego from an earlier combination of the
1821:
Noam, Gil G; Hauser, Stuart taque chinaz #14 T.; Santostefano, Sebastiano; Garrison, William; Jacobson, Alan M.; Powers, Sally I.; Mead, Merrill (February 1984). "Ego
Development and Psychopathology: A Study of Hospitalized Adolescents".
1196:. It explains the cause of the inhibition (usually traumatic experiences from childhood education) and develops a therapeutic recommendation, which essentially consists of a conscious change in behaviour in line with the id's needs."
1233:", consisting of material that is merely latent, not present to consciousness but capable of becoming so; and "the Unconscious", consisting of ideas and impulses that are made completely inaccessible to consciousness by the act of
1092:. In the case of the little boy, it forms during the dissolution of the Oedipus complex, through a process of identification with the father figure, following the failure to retain possession of the mother as a love-object out of
3041:
1646:
1080:
The superego aims for perfection. It is the part of the personality structure, mainly but not entirely unconscious, that includes the individual's ego ideals, spiritual goals, and the psychic agency, commonly called
1180:" - written in 1895, but only published posthumously - Freud developed a theorie that the function of memory is to store experience neurobiologically in the brain by "a permanent alteration following an event".)
587:
875:", the energy of desire as expressed, for example, in the behaviours of sexuality, the incorporation of food or the baby-care (maternal love). In general, the nature of libidinal desire is that of Platonic
1675:
895:
that has a decomposing effect and seeks "to lead organic life back into the inanimate state. For Freud, "the death instinct would thus seem to express itselfâthough probably only in partâas an
2458:
Freud, Sigmund (1923), "Neurosis and
Psychosis". The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIX (1923â1925): The Ego and the Id and Other Works, 147â154
803:
of the concepts of the soul model: dividing the organism into three instances the id is regarded as the germ from which the ego and the superego develop. Driven by an energy that Freud calls
1265:
submerged in the underwater portion representing the unconscious region of the psyche. The remaining portions of the ego and superego are displayed above water in the conscious region.
1192:) or in context of an official cure on 'his couchâ. If the dreamer suffers from inexplicable inhibitions in some areas of his id, then the aim of the investigation is to work out a
2799:
716:. He developed these three terms to describe the basic structure and various phenomena of mental life as they was encountered in psychoanalytic practice. Freud himself used the
1865:
453:
88:
1331:
have criticised the way "the
English translations impeded students' efforts to gain a true understanding of Freud" by substituting the formalised language of the
1203:
Neuropsychoanalysis explains which of the different areas of the brain naturally performs which specialised function (e.g. the engraving of experience on the
2776:
2686:
879:, the life instincts that constantly strive to compensate for the processes of biological decay, rejuvenating the species of living beings by means of their
2654:
1418:. Strachey, James., Freud, Anna, 1895â1982, Rothgeb, Carrie Lee, Richards, Angela., Scientific Literature Corporation. London: Hogarth Press. p. 19.
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2678:
1200:" says, that what was previously warded off by the ego and repressed into the unconscious shall be reintegrated into the sphere of conscious perception.
595:
1301:"ârespectively, "the It", "the I", and "the Over-I". Thus, to the German reader, Freud's original terms are to some degree self-explanatory. The term "
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2760:
1835:
3070:
2508:
687:
568:
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1224:. It's often used to illustrate the spatial relationship between Freud's first model and his new structural model of the soul (id, ego, superego).
390:
1071:
it also absorbs the influence of those who have "stepped into the place of parents â educators, teachers, people chosen as ideal models".
927:, to conceal the id's conflicts with reality, to profess...to be taking notice of reality even when the id has remained rigid and unyielding."
2299:
2041:
2008:
1961:
1904:
1710:
1598:
1309:, a physician whose unconventional ideas were of interest to Freud (Groddeck's translators render the term in English as "the It"). The word
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916:. It analyses complex perceptions (things, ideas, dreams), synthesises the appropriate parts into logically coherent interpretations (also
379:
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In order to overcome difficulties of understanding as far as possible, Freud formulated his "metapsychology" which for Lacan represents a
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1177:
600:
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directed against the external world and other organisms" through aggression. Since libido energy encompasses all instinctive impulses,
3063:
1049:
In a diagram of the
Structural and Topographical Models of Mind, the ego is depicted as being half in the conscious, a quarter in the
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1669:
1399:
605:
954:. Defense mechanisms reduce the tension and anxiety by disguising or transforming the impulses that are perceived as threatening.
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979:
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853:
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443:
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1185:
768:
413:
403:
3250:
3245:
2702:
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1189:
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680:
517:
369:
2949:
2584:
1369:
1345:
1234:
1019:
153:
3020:
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3119:
2745:
2710:
1357:
1011:
971:
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542:
41:
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2836:
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995:
991:
975:
123:
83:
2505:
3255:
3159:
2234:
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The superego and the ego are the product of two key factors: the state of helplessness of the child and the
987:
673:
532:
51:
1111:, Freud presents "the general character of harshness and cruelty exhibited by the ideal â its dictatorial
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2577:
2273:
1949:
1031:
1859:
1249:
1245:
701:
640:
507:
497:
67:
2554:
790:
2906:
2726:
2088:
The
Economics of Libido: Psychic Bisexuality, the Superego, and the Centrality of the Oedipus Complex
1831:
1003:
967:
837:
625:
338:
33:
1273:
The terms "id", "ego", and "superego" are not Freud's own; they are
Latinizations by his translator
3135:
2875:
2623:
2328:
1096:. Freud described the superego and its relationship to the father figure and Oedipus complex thus:
1007:
963:
848:
Freud conceived the id as the unconscious source of bodily needs and wants, emotional impulses and
713:
148:
37:
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the perspective of neuropsychoanalysis. (Indeed in some respects he embodies its founder. In his "
1152:
with their needs, consciousness and imprinted memory resembles a psychological apparatus to which
3143:
3127:
3010:
2694:
2471:(root text): Venerable Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche (commentary), Peter Roberts (translator) (2001)
2439:
2413:
2287:
2148:
2058:
1692:
1363:
1107:
1093:
983:
778:
423:
118:
2437:, Internationaler Psycho-analytischer Verlag, Leipzig, Vienna, and Zurich. English translation,
1413:
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Volume XIX (1923â26)
887:. Complementing this constructive aspect of the libido, the author later postulated an inherent
348:
228:
2485:
2473:
Transcending Ego: Distinguishing Consciousness from Wisdom, (Wylie: rnam shes ye shes 'byed pa)
1702:
811:, the instances complement each other through their specific functions in a similar way to the
3151:
3015:
2886:
2854:
2346:
2315:
2295:
2140:
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2037:
2004:
1957:
1900:
1847:
1706:
1665:
1594:
1429:
1419:
1395:
951:
913:
736:
terms id, ego and superego were chosen by his original translators and have remained in use.
705:
661:
248:
108:
2898:
2829:
2559:
2405:
2122:
2114:
1839:
1657:
1360: â Plato's account of the soul as consisting of logical, spirited, and appetitive parts
1328:
1324:
1054:
773:
630:
537:
343:
323:
223:
93:
3090:
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2524:
2512:
2479:
1590:
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1332:
1089:
940:
717:
547:
308:
1241:
effective classification system for mental disorders than had been available previously:
759:
is the perceiving, logically organizing agent that mediates between the id's instinctual
2447:(trans.), Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-analysis, London, UK, 1927. Revised for
1115:". The earlier in the child's development, the greater the estimate of parental power.
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772:(1920) in response to the unstructured ambiguity and conflicting uses of the term "the
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59:
17:
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Thus when the child is in rivalry with the parental imago it feels the dictatorial
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1027:
1023:
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463:
268:
253:
218:
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143:
138:
128:
98:
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the âid, the ego and the superegoâ are three different, interacting agents in the
2281:
2205:
Solms, Mark; Turnbull, Oliver H. (January 2014). "What Is Neuropsychoanalysis?".
1696:
3214:
1896:
1204:
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to the enigmatic symbols of a dream, whether in the private sphere (cf. Freud's
1037:
888:
512:
298:
278:
243:
3184:
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2971:
2615:
1320:
1082:
999:
880:
856:âthe psychic force oriented to immediate gratification of impulse and desire.
233:
2544:
2517:
2394:
Freud, Sigmund (April 1910). "The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis".
2136:
2944:
2291:
1701:(2nd, revised ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic Press. pp.
1449:, Third Edition (1999) Allan Bullock and Stephen Trombley, Eds. pp. 256â257.
1351:
1253:
1193:
1067:
812:
313:
273:
163:
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868:"ego", a concept of self that takes the principle of reality into account.
852:, especially aggression and the sexual drive. The id acts according to the
1851:
1433:
1392:
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud.
2487:
The effect of the structure of the ego on psychoanalytic technique (1953)
2449:
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
1279:
1208:
expedition down into the unconscious âDark Continentâ of the human soul.
1101:
onâin the form of conscience or perhaps of an unconscious sense of guilt.
861:
748:
168:
2361:
2893:
2880:
2417:
2366:. New York / Washington: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company.
1282:
1221:
849:
766:
Freud introduced the structural model (id, ego, superego) in the essay
760:
2127:
1463:. p. 31. Vorlesung: Die Zerlegung der psychischen PersĂśnlichkeit.
2934:
2352:
1570:(Canadian ed.), p. 453. Scarborough, Ontario: Allyn and Bacon Canada.
1372: â Term used in psychoanalysis describing oppositional behaviors
955:
872:
133:
2409:
2102:
2072:
1327:
and is translated as "I myself" to express emphasis. Figures like
1311:
1289:
1036:
917:
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seeking dischargeâthat, in our view, is all there is in the id."
832:
789:
776:". He elaborated, refined, and formalized that model in the essay
733:
3224:
2569:
755:
plays the moralizing role via internalized experiences; and the
732:, which literally translate as "the it", "I", and "over-I". The
2573:
1551:
Sigmund Freud: Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion
1461:
Neue Folge der Vorlesungen zur EinfĂźhrung in die Psychoanalyse
840:- there was no well-founded primate research at the time.
2549:
998:
were the defense mechanisms Freud identified. His daughter
2348:
Das Buch vom Es. Psychoanalytische Briefe an eine Freundin
1148:
Freud's basic metapsychological thesis is that the living
2531:
An introduction to psychology: Measuring the unmeasurable
712:
summarized and defined it in his structural model of the
2455:(ed.), W.W. Norton and Company, New York City, NY, 1961.
2555:
Education portal's lesson on the id, ego, and superego
2363:
The Book of the It: Psychoanalytic Letters to a Friend
1252:, to a conflict between the ego and the superego; and
2800:
Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho-Analytic Work
2518:
Section 5: Freud's Structural and Topographical Model
2001:
Plato's Psychology of Action and the Origin of Agency
1366: â Study of the representation of one's identity
1335:
for the quotidian immediacy of Freud's own language.
1248:
correspond to a conflict between the ego and the id;
1154:"spatial extension and composition of several pieces"
931:
thoughts and interpretations of the world are based.
2535:
2527:, Chapter 3: Personality Development Psychology 101.
1952:(2007). "Module 44 The Psychoanalytic Perspective".
871:
Freud understands the id as "the great reservoir of
3170:
3109:
3029:
2915:
2847:
2737:
2607:
2327:
Laplanche, Jean; Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand (2018) . "
2314:
Laplanche, Jean; Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand (2018) . "
2560:Information on Charcot, Freud's teacher and mentor
2500:
1354: â Complete loss of subjective self-identity
2103:"Affect and control: A conceptual clarification"
1877:
1875:
1348: â Barrier of the conscious and unconscious
1256:, to one between the ego and the external world.
1243:
1117:
1098:
1073:
454:The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis
815:of a cell or parts of a technical apparatus.
2585:
681:
8:
2777:Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood
2687:Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego
2355:: Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag.
2246:Angela Richards, "Editor's Introduction" in
1447:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought
2655:Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
1864:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1615:New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis
1589:. New York City: Worth Publishers. p.
1578:
1576:
1536:Gesammelte Werke. Bd. 14. Selbstdarstellung
1521:Gesammelte Werke. Bd. 14. Selbstdarstellung
1167:the consciously thinking ego take place (s.
1125:New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis
2793:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement
2679:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement
2592:
2578:
2570:
1645:Lapsley, Daniel K.; Paul C., Stey (2012).
1566:Carlson, N. R. (1999â2000) "Personality",
1562:
1560:
688:
674:
596:International Psychoanalytical Association
46:
2126:
2107:International Journal of Psychophysiology
1944:
1942:
1836:Society for Research in Child Development
1394:Vol. XIX (1999) James Strachey, Gen. Ed.
1160:"locus ... is the brain (nervous system)"
818:Further distinctions (the coordinates of
1553:. pp. 180 (Kapitel 3, Abschnitt C).
1215:
1144:Structural model and neuropsychoanalysis
836:because - as he stated one last time in
2807:Thoughts for the Times on War and Death
2753:Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
1383:
58:
27:Psychological concepts by Sigmund Freud
2761:Delusion and Dream in Jensen's Gradiva
1857:
904:âanalyticalâ effect of stomach acid.
7:
2647:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
2506:Sigmund Freud and the Freud Archives
1954:Psychology Eighth Edition in Modules
1269:History and translation of the terms
590:Psychoanalytic Training and Research
380:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
1568:Psychology: The Science of Behavior
1178:Project for a Scientific Psychology
601:World Association of Psychoanalysis
2501:American Psychological Association
1844:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00283.x
1746:(Penguin Freud Library 11) p. 369.
1662:10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00199-3
1415:The Ego and the Id and Other Works
1212:Advantages of the structural model
89:Psychosocial development (Erikson)
25:
2769:Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming
2169:(Penguin Freud Library 7) p. 342.
1936:Sigmund Freud (1933). pp. 110â11.
1506:Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse
950:To overcome this the ego employs
606:List of schools of psychoanalysis
2719:Civilization and Its Discontents
2550:Sigmund Freud's theory (Russian)
2259:Sigmund Freud (1933). pp. 104â5.
2024:SĂŠdat, Jacques (2000). "Freud".
655:
582:British Psychoanalytical Society
434:Civilization and Its Discontents
66:
2565:Background information on Freud
2101:Hommel, Bernhard (2019-10-01).
2003:. L'Harmattan. pp. 17â19.
1989:Sigmund Freud (1933). pp. 95-6.
1053:, and the other quarter in the
807:in direct reference to Plato's
2671:Introduction to Psychoanalysis
2397:American Journal of Psychology
2360:——— (1928).
2283:The Language of Psychoanalysis
2119:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.07.006
2073:"APA Dictionary of Psychology"
1698:Encyclopedia of Human Behavior
1654:Encyclopedia of Human Behavior
1198:Where id was, ego shall become
1190:treatise on lay psychoanalysis
912:The ego acts according to the
588:Columbia University Center for
577:British Psychoanalytic Council
474:The Sublime Object of Ideology
444:The Mass Psychology of Fascism
1:
2823:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
2427:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
2376:Quoted in Neville Symington,
2223:Sigmund Freud (1933). p. 104.
1781:Sigmund Freud (1933). p. 138.
1727:An Outline of Psycho-analysis
1635:Sigmund Freud (1933). p. 107.
1626:Sigmund Freud (1933). p. 106.
1323:of the first person singular
769:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
414:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
404:Psychology of the Unconscious
2703:The Question of Lay Analysis
2632:The Interpretation of Dreams
2489:/ republished by Psychomedia
1881:Sigmund Freud (1933). p. 110
747:is the set of uncoordinated
370:The Interpretation of Dreams
1793:Das Unbehagen in der Kultur
1478:. Seminar of Jacques Lacan.
1476:Freuds technische Schriften
1370:Resistance (psychoanalysis)
1346:Censorship (psychoanalysis)
1002:identified the concepts of
3287:
3261:Psychoanalytic terminology
1808:Die Zukunft einer Illusion
1693:Ramachandran, Vilayanur S.
1277:. Freud himself wrote of "
391:Three Essays on the Theory
31:
3120:Freud: The Secret Passion
2746:The Aetiology of Hysteria
2711:The Future of an Illusion
2086:Pederson, Trevor (2015).
1586:Psychology Second Edition
1583:Schacter, Daniel (2009).
1305:" was originally used by
1156:can be attributed (...) "
1076:generation to generation.
743:model of the psyche, the
569:Boston Graduate School of
42:Superego (disambiguation)
3195:Clement Freud (grandson)
2967:Psychosexual development
2837:Dostoevsky and Parricide
2815:Mourning and Melancholia
2461:Gay, Peter (ed., 1989),
2378:Narcissism: A New Theory
1999:Calian, Florian (2012).
84:Psychosexual development
3205:Walter Freud (grandson)
3200:Lucian Freud (grandson)
2433:Freud, Sigmund (1923),
2424:Freud, Sigmund (1920),
2274:Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand
2193:AbriĂ der Psychoanalyse
1647:"Id, Ego, and Superego"
1459:Freud, Sigmund (1933).
1411:Freud, Sigmund (1978).
1315:is taken directly from
897:instinct of destruction
3220:Edward Bernay (nephew)
3096:Views on homosexuality
3059:London home and museum
3054:Vienna home and museum
2235:Neurosis and Psychosis
1891:Snowden, Ruth (2006).
1613:Sigmund Freud (1933),
1474:Lacan, Jaques (1953).
1358:Plato's theory of soul
1258:
1225:
1130:
1103:
1078:
1046:
796:
18:Ego, super-ego, and id
3266:Psychoanalytic theory
3210:Amalia Freud (mother)
3185:Anna Freud (daughter)
3180:Martha Bernays (wife)
2358:English translation:
1250:narcissistic neuroses
1246:Transference neuroses
1219:
1040:
801:technical elaboration
793:
702:psychoanalytic theory
662:Psychology portal
641:Psychoanalytic theory
3271:Psychological models
3215:Jacob Freud (father)
3190:Ernst L. Freud (son)
3160:Freud's Last Session
2930:Id, ego and superego
2907:Daniel Paul Schreber
2727:Moses and Monotheism
2380:(London 1996) p. 10.
1956:. Worth Publishers.
1899:. pp. 105â107.
1893:Teach Yourself Freud
1832:Blackwell Publishing
1656:. pp. 393â399.
1034:, and substitution.
838:Moses and Monotheism
626:Child psychoanalysis
114:Id, ego and superego
52:a series of articles
34:Ego (disambiguation)
32:For other uses, see
3251:Conceptions of self
3246:Freudian psychology
3136:Mahler on the Couch
2624:Studies on Hysteria
2207:Neuropsychoanalysis
2026:Collection Synthèse
964:intellectualization
947:, and inferiority.
149:Countertransference
38:ID (disambiguation)
3144:A Dangerous Method
3011:Deferred obedience
2695:The Ego and the Id
2523:2011-09-03 at the
2511:2021-10-23 at the
2478:2012-03-24 at the
2440:The Ego and the Id
2435:Das Ich und das Es
2288:Abingdon-on-Thames
2059:The Ego and the Id
1921:The Ego and the Id
1740:The Ego and the Id
1364:Psychology of self
1319:, where it is the
1226:
1108:The Ego and the Id
1094:fear of castration
1047:
984:reaction formation
952:defense mechanisms
854:pleasure principle
797:
779:The Ego and the Id
491:Schools of thought
424:The Ego and the Id
3233:
3232:
3016:Reality principle
2899:Sergei Pankejeff
2887:Bertha Pappenheim
2484:Kurt R. Eissler:
2340:Original German:
2301:978-0-429-92124-7
2248:On Metapsychology
2043:978-2-200-21997-0
2010:978-963-236-587-9
1978:On Metapsychology
1963:978-0-7167-7927-8
1925:On Metapsychology
1906:978-0-07-147274-6
1834:on behalf of the
1824:Child Development
1770:On Metapsychology
1757:On Metapsychology
1744:On Metapsychology
1712:978-0-080-96180-4
1600:978-1-4292-3719-2
914:reality principle
786:Psychic apparatus
706:psychic apparatus
698:
697:
182:Important figures
109:Psychic apparatus
16:(Redirected from
3278:
3155:(2020 TV series)
3021:Seduction theory
2957:Free association
2902:
2890:
2876:Irma's injection
2871:
2858:
2640:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2463:The Freud Reader
2421:
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2374:
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2015:
2014:
1996:
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1987:
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1968:
1967:
1950:Meyers, David G.
1946:
1937:
1934:
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1911:
1910:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1806:Freud, Sigmund.
1803:
1797:
1796:
1791:Freud, Sigmund.
1788:
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1760:
1753:
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1686:
1680:
1674:. Archived from
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1627:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1580:
1571:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1549:Freud, Sigmund.
1546:
1540:
1539:
1534:Freud, Sigmund.
1531:
1525:
1524:
1519:Freud, Sigmund.
1516:
1510:
1509:
1504:Freud, Sigmund.
1501:
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1486:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1408:
1402:
1390:Freud, Sigmund.
1388:
1329:Bruno Bettelheim
1325:personal pronoun
1186:free association
1171:); and that the
1128:
925:rationalizations
774:unconscious mind
690:
683:
676:
660:
659:
658:
631:Depth psychology
533:Object relations
479:
469:
459:
449:
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375:
70:
47:
21:
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3276:
3275:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3166:
3111:
3105:
3101:Religious views
3091:Neo-Freudianism
3025:
2999:Oedipus complex
2917:
2911:
2900:
2884:
2870:("Little Hans")
2869:
2856:
2843:
2733:
2663:Totem and Taboo
2634:
2603:
2598:
2525:Wayback Machine
2513:Wayback Machine
2497:
2480:Wayback Machine
2410:10.2307/1413001
2393:
2390:
2388:Further reading
2385:
2384:
2375:
2371:
2359:
2357:
2343:Groddeck, Georg
2341:
2339:
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2309:
2302:
2270:Laplanche, Jean
2268:
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2222:
2218:
2204:
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2199:
2191:Sigmund Freud:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2165:Sigmund Freud,
2164:
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2100:
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1754:
1750:
1738:Sigmund Freud,
1737:
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1691:
1684:
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1380:
1375:
1341:
1333:elaborated code
1271:
1222:icebergmetaphor
1214:
1146:
1129:
1123:
1090:Oedipus complex
1063:
980:rationalization
910:
846:
788:
694:
656:
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620:
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548:Self psychology
523:Intersubjective
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383:
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362:Important works
355:
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239:Freud (Sigmund)
183:
175:
174:
173:
78:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3284:
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3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Psychodynamics
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3066:
3056:
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3046:
3045:
3044:
3042:complete works
3033:
3031:
3027:
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3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3004:Father complex
2996:
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2989:
2984:
2979:
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2954:
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2952:
2942:
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2925:Psychoanalysis
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2904:
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2496:
2495:External links
2493:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2469:Rangjung Dorje
2466:
2465:. W.W. Norton.
2459:
2456:
2453:James Strachey
2431:
2422:
2404:(2): 181â218.
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2195:. (1938), p. 6
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1695:, ed. (2012).
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1275:James Strachey
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1020:identification
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741:ego psychology
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2863:Emma Eckstein
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2785:On Narcissism
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2601:Sigmund Freud
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2545:Sigmund Freud
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2351:(in German).
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2213:(2): 133â145.
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1538:. p. 85.
1537:
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1527:
1523:. p. 85.
1522:
1515:
1512:
1508:. p. 99.
1507:
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1173:limbic system
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1043:Sigmund Freud
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751:desires; the
750:
746:
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710:Sigmund Freud
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3118:
3086:Inner circle
3037:Bibliography
2962:Transference
2940:Preconscious
2929:
2848:Case studies
2835:
2821:
2813:
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2540:Lacanian Ink
2486:
2462:
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2445:Joan Riviere
2438:
2434:
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2401:
2395:
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2247:
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2233:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2180:On Sexuality
2179:
2174:
2167:On Sexuality
2166:
2161:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2087:
2081:
2067:
2057:
2052:
2034:Armand Colin
2029:
2025:
2019:
2000:
1994:
1985:
1977:
1972:
1953:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1892:
1886:
1860:cite journal
1827:
1823:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1792:
1786:
1777:
1769:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1697:
1683:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1653:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1617:. pp. 105â6.
1614:
1609:
1585:
1567:
1550:
1544:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1490:
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1475:
1469:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1391:
1386:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1287:
1278:
1272:
1263:
1259:
1244:
1239:
1231:Preconscious
1227:
1202:
1197:
1182:
1169:frontal lobe
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1064:
1051:preconscious
1048:
1028:somatization
1024:introjection
1016:idealization
1012:dissociation
972:compensation
960:displacement
949:
937:
933:
929:
922:preconscious
911:
896:
892:
885:reproduction
876:
870:
866:
858:
847:
831:
827:
823:
819:
817:
804:
800:
798:
777:
767:
765:
756:
752:
744:
738:
729:
725:
721:
699:
472:
464:Anti-Oedipus
462:
452:
442:
432:
422:
412:
402:
393:of Sexuality
389:
378:
368:
234:Freud (Anna)
144:Transference
129:Introjection
119:Ego defenses
113:
99:Preconscious
29:
3163:(2023 film)
3147:(2011 film)
3139:(2010 film)
3131:(1993 play)
3128:The Visitor
3123:(1962 film)
3064:1971 statue
2901:("Wolfman")
2857:(Ida Bauer)
2635:(including
1897:McGraw-Hill
1838:: 189â194.
1690:Chapter of
1205:blank slate
1055:unconscious
1008:suppression
996:sublimation
889:death drive
749:instinctual
94:Unconscious
3240:Categories
3225:Jofi (dog)
3112:depictions
2977:Anal stage
2972:Oral stage
2950:censorship
2616:On Aphasia
2128:1887/81987
1980:pp. 89-90.
1927:pp. 363â4.
1685:2018-10-22
1425:0701200677
1378:References
1321:nominative
1235:repression
1134:Thou shalt
1113:Thou shalt
1083:conscience
1000:Anna Freud
992:repression
988:regression
976:projection
881:metabolism
813:organelles
543:Relational
154:Resistance
124:Projection
3071:Interment
2945:Ego ideal
2894:"Rat Man"
2881:"Anna O."
2674:(1916â17)
2637:On Dreams
2329:Super-Ego
2292:Routledge
2276:(2018) .
2153:198998249
2137:0167-8760
2090:. Karnac.
1491:Symposion
1352:Ego death
1293:", and "
1254:psychoses
1194:diagnosis
1158:and wich
1068:ego ideal
1032:splitting
344:Winnicott
324:Spielrein
304:Laplanche
224:Fairbairn
164:Dreamwork
3110:Cultural
3049:Archives
2918:concepts
2916:Original
2748:" (1896)
2536:Splash26
2521:Archived
2509:Archived
2476:Archived
2345:(1923).
2145:31362029
1489:Platon.
1339:See also
1127:, p. 64.
1122:â
1061:Superego
893:Thanatos
862:cathexes
824:dynamics
820:topology
782:(1923).
753:superego
730:Ăber-Ich
619:See also
561:Training
538:Reichian
513:Lacanian
498:Adlerian
339:Sullivan
334:Strachey
289:Kristeva
264:Jacobson
259:Irigaray
249:Guattari
229:Ferenczi
214:Chodorow
169:Cathexis
77:Concepts
50:Part of
3030:Related
2855:"Dora"
2418:1413001
2250:p. 345.
2232:Freud,
2182:p. 342.
2178:Freud,
2113:: 1â6.
2056:Freud,
1976:Freud,
1852:6705621
1772:p. 381.
1768:Freud,
1759:p. 380.
1755:Freud,
1725:Freud,
1703:393-399
1045:, 1923)
1004:undoing
968:fantasy
945:anxiety
850:desires
828:economy
761:desires
739:In the
528:Marxist
508:Jungian
219:Erikson
189:Abraham
3172:Family
2935:Libido
2883:
2840:(1928)
2832:(1922)
2826:(1920)
2818:(1918)
2810:(1916)
2802:(1915)
2796:(1914)
2788:(1914)
2780:(1910)
2772:(1908)
2764:(1907)
2756:(1905)
2738:Essays
2730:(1939)
2722:(1930)
2714:(1927)
2706:(1926)
2698:(1923)
2690:(1921)
2682:(1917)
2666:(1913)
2658:(1905)
2650:(1901)
2642:(1899)
2627:(1895)
2619:(1891)
2416:
2353:Vienna
2298:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2040:
2007:
1960:
1919:Freud,
1903:
1850:
1729:(1940)
1709:
1668:
1597:
1434:965512
1432:
1422:
1398:
1303:das Es
994:, and
956:Denial
918:models
891:, the
873:libido
805:libido
728:, and
722:das Es
720:terms
718:German
714:psyche
478:(1989)
468:(1972)
458:(1964)
448:(1933)
438:(1930)
428:(1923)
418:(1920)
408:(1912)
397:(1905)
384:(1901)
374:(1899)
329:Stekel
309:Mahler
254:Horney
209:Breuer
199:Balint
159:Denial
134:Libido
40:, and
3152:Freud
3081:Humor
2608:Books
2414:JSTOR
2149:S2CID
1830:(1).
1679:(PDF)
1650:(PDF)
1317:Latin
1297:Ăber-
941:guilt
833:torso
734:Latin
349:ŽiŞek
319:Reich
299:Laing
294:Lacan
284:Klein
279:Kohut
269:Jones
244:Fromm
194:Adler
139:Drive
2296:ISBN
2278:"Id"
2141:PMID
2133:ISSN
2038:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1866:link
1848:PMID
1707:ISBN
1666:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1430:OCLC
1420:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1295:das
1288:das
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1220:The
1150:soul
901:Eros
883:and
877:Eros
826:and
809:Eros
314:Rank
274:Jung
204:Bion
2406:doi
2316:Ego
2123:hdl
2115:doi
2111:144
2030:109
1840:doi
1658:doi
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1312:ego
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1290:Ich
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