189:
972:
960:
2030:
1738:
204:
4800:
4810:
2216:
948:
117:
meant wineries had to produce cheap wine in large quantities to meet the surging demand from
Western tourists. Due to the lack of locally produced wine grapes wineries imported concentrated juice from Europe which would be diluted with water and fermented, contributing to the negative reputation of Egyptian wine. The Gianaclis Vineyards started planting vines again in 2004 in
4820:
74:
4830:
290:"thinking it to be the blood of those who had once battled against the gods and from whom, when they had fallen and had become commingled with the earth, they believed vines to have sprung". This was considered to be the reason why drunkenness "drives men out of their senses and crazes them, inasmuch as they are then filled with the blood of their forebears".
31:
125:. By 2010 only 2% of their wines were made with Lebanese grapes, with Egyptian grapes used for the remainder of their production. The industry has in recent years started experimenting with international varieties to find grapes that are suited for the Egyptian climate. The main varieties used in red wines are
108:) provided fertile and hydrated soil for the vines, and the stable weather conditions made it a competitive location for the cultivation of wine grapes. After the construction of the dam in 1970 the annual flooding stopped. Today vineyards in Egypt use drip irrigation to make up for the lack of rain.
380:
nationalized and merged breweries and vineyards in the country, under the previously
Belgian-owned Pyramid Brewery, which later came to be known as Al Ahram Beverages Company. Mismanagement under state-ownership and an increasingly religious population contributed to the industry's gradual decline.
333:
recount the involvement of
Egyptian Jews in the production and sale of wine in medieval Egypt. The consumption of wine was not necessarily limited to religious minorities however. Western travelers and pilgrims passing through Cairo on their journeys reported that Muslim locals imbibed on wine and a
81:
High average temperatures and poor rainfall present a major challenge for
Egyptian grape producers. To overcome these difficulties vineyards in Egypt apply innovative solutions, such as using pergolas to shade the plants and palm trees to shield them from winds as well as transporting the harvest in
116:
At the time the state-owned Al Ahram
Beverages Company was privatized in 1997 all noble grapes that had previously been planted by its subsidiary, Gianaclis Vineyards, were lost. This meant that grapes had to be imported, mainly from Lebanon. This coincided with a boom in the tourism industry which
42:
dating back to the 3rd millennium BC. The modern wine industry is relatively small scale but there have been significant strides towards reviving the industry. In the late nineties the industry invited international expertise in a bid to improve the quality of
Egyptian wine, which used to be known
246:
period. Winemaking scenes on tomb walls, and the offering lists that accompanied them, included wine that was definitely produced in the delta vineyards. By the end of the Old
Kingdom, five distinct wines, probably all produced in the Delta, constituted a canonical set of provisions for the
381:
The company was privatized in 1997, at the height of its ruination, part of an economic reform program that sought to restructure the country's economy. This was viewed as a turning-point for the alcohol industry as a whole in Egypt. Its new owner, Egyptian businessman
658:
692:
Maria Rosa Guasch-Jané, Cristina Andrés-Lacueva, Olga Jáuregui and Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós, The origin of the ancient
Egyptian drink Shedeh revealed using LC/MS/MS, Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol 33, Iss 1, Jan. 2006, pp.
328:
in the 7th century. Attitudes towards alcohol varied greatly under
Islamic rule, Muslim rulers generally showed some level of tolerance towards alcohol production controlled by religious minorities. Jewish manuscripts from the
308:
Winemaking continued to be part of
Egyptian culture during Roman rule in Egypt. Christians constituted the majority of Egypt’s population by the 3rd century, despite a reserved attitude towards alcohol in the
4649:
3682:
3677:
3672:
43:
for its poor quality. In recent years Egyptian wines have received some recognition, having won several international awards. In 2013 Egypt produced 4,500 tonnes of wine, ranking
4204:
628:
385:, restructured the company and introduced a line of non-alcoholic beverages that would appeal to the conservative segment of the population. The company was sold to
3451:
915:
4073:
372:, who founded the country's first modern vineyard south of Alexandria in 1882. The country's wine industry expanded under the early 20th century, until the
3699:
3667:
2072:
313:
monasteries are known have stored and produced large quantities of wine. In 2008 two wine presses dating back to Roman rule in Egypt were unearthed near
765:
4528:
4056:
3538:
2766:
4540:
3975:
3709:
1964:
862:
164:, cultivates an indigenous grape variety known as Bannati which is used in its Beausoleil white wine. In 2016 the wine won a silver medal at the
3252:
4777:
678:
528:
4601:
4255:
4199:
4155:
3968:
3642:
3632:
3592:
1786:
893:
606:
4260:
4000:
3886:
4864:
4713:
4644:
4523:
4145:
4022:
3689:
3570:
3497:
3485:
3446:
4248:
3777:
1048:
846:
748:
484:
362:), made from imported raisins and honey and left to ferment in the sun (hence the name, which roughly translates into "sun wine").
4381:
4044:
3767:
2775:
44:
3597:
4740:
4708:
4461:
4187:
3317:
1337:
1023:
215:. It played an important role in ancient Egyptian ceremonial life. A thriving royal winemaking industry was established in the
703:
4874:
4309:
4066:
2065:
1504:
4508:
632:
314:
4854:
4596:
4391:
3797:
3322:
3305:
2759:
1990:
716:
4572:
4376:
4344:
4160:
3792:
3662:
3585:
3126:
1995:
4823:
4735:
4577:
4319:
4209:
4032:
3827:
3694:
3637:
3533:
3408:
2966:
373:
3466:
507:
4730:
4432:
4415:
4398:
4339:
4165:
4120:
4051:
3990:
3963:
3607:
3245:
1915:
1882:
1711:
938:
165:
3524:
188:
4696:
4639:
4606:
4371:
4281:
4243:
4238:
4226:
4125:
3931:
3817:
3787:
3772:
2058:
2005:
1895:
376:
which saw the country's liberal monarchy unseated, in favor of a presidential system. In 1963 Egyptian president
4859:
4772:
4752:
4560:
4386:
4182:
4170:
4007:
3985:
3652:
3602:
3543:
3502:
3378:
3373:
3339:
3300:
2752:
2718:
2000:
1779:
1721:
1650:
1542:
1143:
1126:
355:
350:
of the same name), even during the most draconian periods of Islamic rule. The most popular wine was known as
339:
325:
94:
3580:
838:
Food and Foodways of Medieval Cairenes: Aspects of Life in an Islamic Metropolis of the Eastern Mediterranean
4869:
4681:
4535:
4304:
4039:
3891:
3864:
3849:
3844:
3480:
1890:
1263:
1099:
773:
429:
4879:
4762:
4691:
4513:
4481:
4175:
4113:
4108:
3822:
3287:
2733:
1753:
1676:
1121:
386:
4767:
4659:
4629:
4518:
4498:
4444:
4356:
3995:
3953:
3948:
3926:
3734:
3724:
3509:
3388:
3356:
3238:
3056:
2728:
1691:
1460:
1104:
264:, the most precious drink in ancient Egypt, is now known to have been a red wine and not fermented from
802:
Restaurants, Inns and Taverns That Never Were: Some Reflections on Public Consumption in Medieval Cairo
659:"Monastic Vintages: The Economic Role of Wine in Egyptian Monasteries in the Sixth to Eighth Centuries"
458:
2154:
369:
4634:
4584:
4454:
3558:
3548:
1342:
1094:
559:
310:
90:
4745:
4725:
4545:
4493:
4488:
4427:
4329:
4012:
3943:
3938:
3657:
1920:
1872:
1772:
1322:
1016:
4809:
4555:
4466:
4366:
4233:
4061:
4027:
3980:
3958:
3854:
3756:
3627:
3514:
3461:
3031:
2814:
2144:
1910:
1415:
809:
536:
377:
126:
68:
4833:
4703:
4565:
4503:
4449:
4410:
4361:
4314:
4299:
4214:
4130:
4017:
3915:
3896:
3729:
3403:
3398:
3329:
3312:
3295:
2462:
1864:
1811:
1395:
1332:
842:
744:
674:
203:
4664:
4621:
4591:
4476:
4439:
4221:
4150:
4103:
4092:
3807:
3802:
3782:
3704:
3519:
3420:
3351:
3334:
3275:
3173:
3086:
3051:
2905:
2850:
2534:
2477:
2122:
2117:
2081:
2029:
1737:
1655:
1582:
1445:
1347:
959:
666:
398:
305:, so it was at least available to the Egyptians through trade if not produced domestically.
255:
64:
2472:
4654:
4471:
4422:
4324:
4140:
3876:
3859:
3490:
3415:
3209:
3168:
3071:
3036:
2935:
2910:
2723:
2564:
2318:
2107:
2010:
1831:
1748:
1534:
1362:
1297:
1240:
1203:
1083:
821:
4803:
4757:
4611:
4550:
4334:
4135:
3647:
3575:
3434:
3368:
3219:
3199:
3189:
3121:
3101:
3016:
2971:
2920:
2885:
2840:
2819:
2799:
2529:
2366:
2330:
2159:
1905:
1900:
1849:
1803:
1660:
1632:
1607:
1528:
1517:
1512:
1410:
1377:
1193:
1171:
1138:
1114:
1009:
279:
86:
4848:
4686:
4669:
4349:
3439:
3214:
3194:
3152:
3142:
3076:
3046:
3001:
2976:
2956:
2951:
2895:
2880:
2860:
2845:
2824:
2809:
2804:
2789:
2325:
2276:
2253:
2238:
2188:
2183:
2176:
1930:
1839:
1645:
1640:
1317:
1133:
1109:
976:
403:
239:
212:
177:
321:, which could indicate that Egyptian wine was exported to Christians in the region.
4813:
4403:
3812:
3471:
3204:
3147:
3111:
3106:
3091:
3081:
3041:
3026:
2981:
2961:
2930:
2875:
2870:
2713:
2653:
2579:
2221:
2129:
2102:
1716:
1307:
1245:
1235:
1188:
952:
330:
52:
48:
1465:
73:
836:
738:
254:. Due to its resemblance to blood, much superstition surrounded wine-drinking in
3832:
3563:
3553:
3361:
3346:
3096:
3066:
3006:
2996:
2991:
2915:
2890:
2865:
2855:
2607:
2417:
2361:
2340:
2258:
2034:
1985:
1948:
1742:
1597:
1587:
1485:
1367:
1250:
1181:
1040:
964:
382:
365:
298:
265:
243:
142:
3881:
3839:
3116:
3061:
3021:
3011:
2986:
2900:
2467:
2452:
2356:
2291:
2211:
1938:
1854:
1844:
1795:
1701:
1696:
1681:
1617:
1612:
1577:
1475:
1470:
1430:
1357:
1302:
1292:
1287:
1274:
1230:
1218:
1208:
1166:
992:
670:
408:
302:
235:
216:
173:
150:
118:
581:
230: BC. The industry was most likely the result of trade between Egypt and
4720:
4192:
2925:
2688:
2643:
2437:
2248:
2112:
1816:
1706:
1686:
1622:
1602:
1592:
1552:
1490:
1372:
1312:
1213:
894:"The Non-Alcoholic Beer That Fueled American Pharoah's Triple Crown Victory"
172:. The grapes are grown at their vineyard by the Nile in central Egypt, near
17:
480:
368:
was revived in Egypt by Greek-Egyptian tobacco merchant and entrepreneur,
3393:
2683:
2663:
2648:
2524:
2503:
2447:
2427:
2422:
2149:
1562:
1557:
1547:
1440:
1420:
1387:
1352:
1282:
1198:
1161:
1073:
1068:
1053:
287:
269:
251:
169:
161:
146:
134:
30:
2673:
2617:
2574:
2554:
2539:
2519:
2432:
2397:
2387:
2015:
1821:
1572:
1425:
1400:
1327:
1176:
1063:
982:
657:
Dzierzbicka, Dorota (2023), Cromwell, Jennifer; Blanke, Louise (eds.),
318:
294:
283:
274:
3425:
3383:
2678:
2622:
2612:
2569:
2457:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2301:
2296:
2286:
1980:
1943:
1567:
1455:
1450:
260:
231:
220:
154:
459:"Egyptian wine on the way up – Hot climate viticulture is spreading"
2050:
3456:
3261:
2744:
2693:
2658:
2638:
2559:
2544:
2498:
2493:
2442:
2392:
2382:
2281:
2139:
2134:
1480:
1435:
1405:
1058:
347:
138:
130:
122:
39:
863:"Gianaclis: The History and Heritage of Gianaclis Wines in Egypt"
77:
A vineyard in Egypt using pergola structures and drip irrigation.
3869:
2668:
2602:
2549:
2335:
2243:
1032:
988:
4279:
4090:
3913:
3754:
3273:
3234:
3230:
2748:
2054:
1768:
1005:
986:
607:"Egypt wineries beat the desert and poor reviews to win awards"
1764:
192:
Grape cultivation, winemaking, and commerce in ancient Egypt
102:
34:
Omar Khayyam and Shahrazade bottles from Gianaclis Vineyards.
219:
following the introduction of grape cultivation from the
324:
The production of wine declined significantly after the
1001:
766:"Ancient Christian "Holy Wine" Factory Found in Egypt"
663:
Monastic Economies in Late Antique Egypt and Palestine
936:
238:, commencing from at least the 27th-century BC
4620:
4292:
3718:
3620:
3286:
3182:
3161:
3135:
2944:
2833:
2782:
2706:
2631:
2595:
2588:
2512:
2486:
2375:
2349:
2310:
2267:
2231:
2168:
2095:
2088:
1973:
1957:
1929:
1881:
1863:
1830:
1802:
1669:
1631:
1526:
1503:
1386:
1273:
1261:
1154:
1082:
1039:
665:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 129–151,
301:'s tomb, however, have been shown to be that of
740:The Monastic Origins of the Nag Hammadi Codices
717:White wine turns up in King Tutankhamen's tomb
3246:
2760:
2066:
1780:
1017:
8:
887:
885:
883:
4289:
4276:
4087:
3910:
3751:
3283:
3270:
3253:
3239:
3231:
2767:
2753:
2745:
2592:
2092:
2073:
2059:
2051:
1787:
1773:
1765:
1270:
1024:
1010:
1002:
983:
795:
793:
791:
508:"Egypt: the vineyards behind the pyramids"
523:
521:
317:in Sinai, along with ancient coins from
250:Wine in ancient Egypt was predominantly
202:
187:
72:
29:
1965:Clarification and stabilization of wine
943:
560:"Wine-making in the Middle East: Egypt"
506:Jean-Baptiste, Ancelot (27 June 2014).
452:
450:
420:
817:
807:
430:"Reviving the Nectar of Ancient Egypt"
207:An Egyptian wine label from the 1930s.
160:Koroum of the Nile, a winery based in
652:
650:
7:
4829:
359:
343:
98:
4819:
629:"Selling Egypt's wine to the world"
38:Winemaking has a long tradition in
25:
4200:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
1049:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
485:Food and Agriculture Organization
4828:
4818:
4808:
4799:
4798:
4057:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
2214:
2028:
1736:
970:
958:
946:
4541:Identification card controversy
428:Turtle, Michael (30 May 2014).
211:Wine was a staple commodity in
85:Before the construction of the
3447:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
346:, not to be confused with the
1:
1991:Glossary of viticulture terms
804:. BRILL. pp. 71, 66, 85.
743:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 122.
631:. Japan Times. Archived from
224:
193:
4074:Twin towns and sister cities
3586:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
1996:Glossary of winemaking terms
334:local barley beer, known as
103:
4602:Vehicle registration plates
4256:Water supply and sanitation
487:. 6 October 2015. p. 1
389:in 2002 for $ 280 million.
374:Egyptian revolution of 1952
315:Saint Catherine's Monastery
4896:
4261:Water resources management
2209:
1916:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
166:International Wine Contest
157:are used for white wines.
62:
4865:Egyptian alcoholic drinks
4794:
4288:
4275:
4156:Impact on the environment
4146:Entrepreneurship policies
4099:
4086:
3922:
3909:
3763:
3750:
3282:
3269:
2024:
2006:History of the wine press
1896:Sparkling wine production
1730:
999:
835:Lewicka, Paulina (2011).
800:Lewicka, Paulina (2005).
671:10.1017/9781009278959.006
3927:Administrative divisions
3603:2011 Egyptian revolution
3544:1952 Egyptian revolution
3340:Lighthouse of Alexandria
2001:Wine tasting descriptors
1722:Wine tasting descriptors
1651:Phenolic content in wine
1543:Alternative wine closure
1127:Great French Wine Blight
706:. University of Chicago.
481:"Wine production (tons)"
326:Muslim conquest of Egypt
4131:Egyptian stock exchange
2096:Non-alcoholic beverages
1891:Malolactic fermentation
737:Lundhaug, Hugo (2015).
582:"Egyptian Wine Regions"
558:Ramadan, Ahmed (2010).
293:Residue from five clay
286:did not drink wine nor
278:relates that, prior to
268:as previously thought.
242:, the beginning of the
4462:International rankings
3467:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
2967:Bosnia and Herzegovina
841:. BRILL. p. 495.
387:Heineken International
208:
200:
78:
35:
4875:North African cuisine
4067:Terrorism and tourism
3525:1948 Arab–Israeli War
3357:Library of Alexandria
1692:Wine and food pairing
916:"About ABC - History"
529:"A Vineyard in Egypt"
206:
191:
82:refrigerated trucks.
76:
33:
4855:Agriculture in Egypt
4778:World Heritage Sites
4597:Units of measurement
4052:Proposed new capital
3798:Environmental issues
3559:United Arab Republic
3452:Muhammad Ali dynasty
1343:Muscat of Alexandria
311:Church of Alexandria
288:offer it to the gods
91:flooding of the Nile
27:Wine making in Egypt
4450:Freedom of religion
4345:Mass sexual assault
3710:Timekeeping devices
3608:2013 Rabaa massacre
3581:Egyptian–Libyan War
2169:Alcoholic beverages
1921:Yeast in winemaking
1873:Carbonic maceration
776:on November 7, 2016
770:National Geographic
704:"Isis & Osiris"
635:on 15 November 2016
562:. Egypt Independent
539:on 21 December 2017
512:the drinks business
348:Levantine ice cream
4640:Art (contemporary)
4320:Capital punishment
4210:Telecommunications
3887:Towns and villages
3855:Qattara Depression
3668:Muslim Brotherhood
3638:Cigarette industry
3498:British occupation
3409:Crusader invasions
3379:Rashidun Caliphate
2632:Herbs & spices
2589:Common ingredients
1911:Traditional method
1712:Wine personalities
1416:Cabernet Sauvignon
920:Al Ahram Beverages
434:Time Travel Turtle
378:Gamal Abdel Nasser
209:
201:
127:Cabernet Sauvignon
79:
69:Geography of Egypt
36:
4842:
4841:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4714:Football stadiums
4645:Botanical gardens
4524:Catholic dioceses
4416:Gender inequality
4340:Human trafficking
4271:
4270:
4205:Tallest buildings
4166:Military industry
4082:
4081:
4023:Political parties
3976:Islamic extremism
3964:Foreign relations
3905:
3904:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3486:French occupation
3404:Fatimid Caliphate
3399:Ikhshidid dynasty
3228:
3227:
2742:
2741:
2702:
2701:
2438:Macaroni béchamel
2207:
2206:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
1812:Late harvest wine
1762:
1761:
1499:
1498:
1396:Alicante Bouschet
1144:Judgment of Paris
818:|periodical=
764:Bossone, Andrew.
680:978-1-009-27895-9
609:. Middle East Eye
234:during the early
16:(Redirected from
4887:
4832:
4831:
4822:
4821:
4812:
4802:
4801:
4607:Waste management
4372:Academic grading
4290:
4277:
4249:Railway stations
4227:Cultural tourism
4126:Economic regions
4088:
3911:
3752:
3421:Mamluk Sultanate
3352:Diocese of Egypt
3335:Battle of Actium
3284:
3271:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3232:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2746:
2719:Ancient Egyptian
2707:Related cuisines
2593:
2535:Feteer meshaltet
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2093:
2082:Egyptian cuisine
2075:
2068:
2061:
2052:
2033:
2032:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1766:
1741:
1740:
1656:Proteins in wine
1323:Grüner Veltliner
1271:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1003:
984:
975:
974:
973:
963:
962:
951:
950:
949:
942:
931:
930:
928:
926:
912:
906:
905:
903:
901:
889:
878:
877:
875:
873:
859:
853:
852:
832:
826:
825:
819:
815:
813:
805:
797:
786:
785:
783:
781:
772:. Archived from
761:
755:
754:
734:
728:
726:
714:
708:
707:
700:
694:
690:
684:
683:
654:
645:
644:
642:
640:
625:
619:
618:
616:
614:
603:
597:
596:
594:
592:
578:
572:
571:
569:
567:
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
535:. Archived from
525:
516:
515:
503:
497:
496:
494:
492:
477:
471:
470:
468:
466:
461:. BKWineMagazine
454:
445:
444:
442:
440:
425:
399:Egyptian cuisine
370:Nestor Gianaclis
361:
345:
256:Egyptian culture
229:
226:
198:
195:
178:ancient Egyptian
106:
100:
65:Climate of Egypt
21:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4860:Wine by country
4845:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4782:
4773:Public holidays
4763:National anthem
4616:
4529:Coptic Churches
4472:Egyptian Arabic
4382:Medical schools
4284:
4267:
4183:Nuclear program
4095:
4078:
4008:Nationality law
4001:Supreme Council
3986:Law enforcement
3918:
3901:
3877:Sinai Peninsula
3860:Red Sea Riviera
3759:
3738:
3714:
3616:
3503:1919 revolution
3491:Revolt of Cairo
3416:Ayyubid dynasty
3394:Tulunid dynasty
3278:
3265:
3259:
3229:
3224:
3178:
3157:
3131:
3057:North Macedonia
2940:
2829:
2778:
2776:Wine by country
2773:
2743:
2738:
2698:
2627:
2584:
2508:
2482:
2371:
2345:
2319:Egyptian cheese
2306:
2269:
2263:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2203:
2164:
2084:
2079:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2035:Wine portal
2027:
2020:
2011:History of wine
1969:
1953:
1925:
1877:
1859:
1840:Deacidification
1826:
1798:
1793:
1763:
1758:
1743:Wine portal
1735:
1726:
1665:
1627:
1532:
1522:
1495:
1382:
1363:Sauvignon blanc
1298:Cayetana blanca
1266:
1264:grape varieties
1257:
1150:
1078:
1035:
1030:
995:
981:
971:
969:
957:
947:
945:
937:
935:
934:
924:
922:
914:
913:
909:
899:
897:
891:
890:
881:
871:
869:
861:
860:
856:
849:
834:
833:
829:
816:
806:
799:
798:
789:
779:
777:
763:
762:
758:
751:
736:
735:
731:
724:
715:
711:
702:
701:
697:
691:
687:
681:
656:
655:
648:
638:
636:
627:
626:
622:
612:
610:
605:
604:
600:
590:
588:
580:
579:
575:
565:
563:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
533:Maadi Messenger
527:
526:
519:
505:
504:
500:
490:
488:
479:
478:
474:
464:
462:
456:
455:
448:
438:
436:
427:
426:
422:
417:
395:
356:Egyptian Arabic
340:Egyptian Arabic
227:
196:
186:
114:
112:Grape varieties
95:Egyptian Arabic
71:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4893:
4891:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:African drinks
4867:
4862:
4857:
4847:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4826:
4816:
4806:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4723:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4709:Football clubs
4701:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4516:
4511:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4305:Animal welfare
4302:
4296:
4294:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4188:Power stations
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4136:Egyptian pound
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4040:Prime Minister
4037:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3845:Northern coast
3842:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3576:Yom Kippur War
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3127:United Kingdom
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:Czech Republic
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2734:Middle Eastern
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2560:Luqmet el qadi
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2367:Shorbet khodar
2364:
2362:Shorbet ‘ads
2359:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2322:(main article)
2314:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2200:(main article)
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2180:(main article)
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2160:Turkish coffee
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1901:Sugars in wine
1898:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1850:Chaptalization
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:Classification
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1661:Sugars in wine
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1633:Wine chemistry
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1608:Wine dispenser
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1411:Cabernet Franc
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1378:Welschriesling
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1333:Müller-Thurgau
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1100:Ancient Greece
1097:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1006:
1000:
997:
996:
987:
980:
979:
967:
955:
933:
932:
907:
892:Teeter, Adam.
879:
854:
847:
827:
787:
756:
749:
729:
709:
695:
685:
679:
646:
620:
598:
573:
550:
517:
498:
472:
457:Furer, David.
446:
419:
418:
416:
413:
412:
411:
406:
401:
394:
391:
352:"nebit shamsi"
280:Psammetichus I
185:
182:
113:
110:
87:Aswan High Dam
60:
57:
53:United Kingdom
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4892:
4881:
4880:Arabic drinks
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4835:
4827:
4825:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:Art (ancient)
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4514:Blasphemy law
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4482:Sign Language
4480:
4478:
4477:Saʽidi Arabic
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4274:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
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3183:South America
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3153:United States
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3149:
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3032:Liechtenstein
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2729:Mediterranean
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2724:North African
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2556:
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2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Eish essaraya
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:Grilled meats
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
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2469:
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2320:
2316:
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2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:Salata baladi
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Eish merahrah
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2212:
2199:
2198:
2197:Egyptian wine
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:Beer in Egypt
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
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2128:
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2076:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
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1972:
1966:
1963:
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1956:
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1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:Acids in wine
1644:
1642:
1641:Aroma of wine
1639:
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1636:
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1630:
1624:
1621:
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1508:
1506:
1505:Major regions
1502:
1492:
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1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:Montepulciano
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
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1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
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1197:
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1187:
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1175:
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1137:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
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1092:
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1089:
1087:
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1065:
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1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1004:
998:
994:
990:
985:
978:
968:
966:
961:
956:
954:
944:
940:
921:
917:
911:
908:
895:
888:
886:
884:
880:
868:
864:
858:
855:
850:
848:9789004194724
844:
840:
839:
831:
828:
823:
811:
803:
796:
794:
792:
788:
775:
771:
767:
760:
757:
752:
750:9783161541728
746:
742:
741:
733:
730:
722:
718:
713:
710:
705:
699:
696:
689:
686:
682:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
653:
651:
647:
634:
630:
624:
621:
608:
602:
599:
587:
586:wine-searcher
583:
577:
574:
561:
554:
551:
538:
534:
530:
524:
522:
518:
513:
509:
502:
499:
486:
482:
476:
473:
460:
453:
451:
447:
435:
431:
424:
421:
414:
410:
407:
405:
404:Beer in Egypt
402:
400:
397:
396:
392:
390:
388:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
357:
353:
349:
341:
337:
332:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
248:
245:
241:
240:Third Dynasty
237:
233:
222:
218:
214:
213:ancient Egypt
205:
190:
183:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
111:
109:
107:
105:
96:
92:
88:
83:
75:
70:
66:
58:
56:
54:
50:
46:
45:54th globally
41:
32:
19:
4674:
4660:Coat of arms
4630:Architecture
4519:Christianity
4499:Prostitution
4445:Human rights
4404:Abaza family
4392:Universities
4357:Demographics
4310:Billionaires
3954:Constitution
3949:Conscription
3932:Governorates
3813:Halfaya Pass
3683:1954–present
3643:Constitution
3598:2010s Crisis
3510:World War II
3472:Urabi revolt
3389:Islamization
3323:31st Dynasty
3318:27th Dynasty
2815:South Africa
2794:
2580:Rozz belaban
2317:
2277:Baba ghanoug
2222:Egypt portal
2196:
2195:
2175:
2026:
1883:Fermentation
1734:
1717:Wine tasting
1338:Muscat blanc
1308:Chenin blanc
1105:Ancient Rome
923:. Retrieved
919:
910:
898:. Retrieved
870:. Retrieved
866:
857:
837:
830:
801:
778:. Retrieved
774:the original
769:
759:
739:
732:
720:
712:
698:
688:
662:
637:. Retrieved
633:the original
623:
611:. Retrieved
601:
589:. Retrieved
585:
576:
564:. Retrieved
553:
541:. Retrieved
537:the original
532:
511:
501:
489:. Retrieved
475:
463:. Retrieved
437:. Retrieved
433:
423:
364:
351:
335:
331:Cairo Geniza
323:
307:
292:
273:
266:pomegranates
259:
249:
210:
159:
115:
104:Wafa' El Nil
101:
84:
80:
37:
18:Egypt (wine)
4824:WikiProject
4585:Scientology
4455:LGBT rights
4377:Law schools
4161:Lighthouses
4104:Agriculture
3833:Mount Sinai
3793:Earthquakes
3593:Mubarak era
3564:Six-Day War
3554:Suez Crisis
3549:Land reform
3296:Prehistoric
3174:New Zealand
3117:Switzerland
3062:Netherlands
2911:Philippines
2608:Bell pepper
2418:Ful medames
2259:Eish shamsi
2244:Eish baladi
1986:Wine bottle
1958:Other steps
1949:Wine cellar
1906:Süssreserve
1598:Wine cellar
1588:Wine bottle
1529:accessories
1527:Packaging,
1486:Tempranillo
1115:Noah's wine
1095:Phoenicians
1041:Viticulture
639:12 November
613:13 November
591:12 November
566:12 November
465:12 November
383:Ahmed Zayat
366:Viticulture
299:Tutankhamun
247:afterlife.
244:Old Kingdom
228: 3000
197: 1500
143:Tempranillo
89:the annual
47:, ahead of
4849:Categories
4736:Newspapers
4726:Mass media
4578:Synagogues
4546:Irreligion
4494:Literature
4489:Liberalism
4428:Healthcare
4330:Corruption
4013:Parliament
3944:Corruption
3939:Civil Code
3882:Suez Canal
3840:Nile Delta
3725:Alexandria
3695:Population
3690:Parliament
3658:Healthcare
3539:Nasser era
3313:Achaemenid
3288:Chronology
3087:San Marino
3052:Montenegro
3037:Luxembourg
2891:Kazakhstan
2851:Azerbaijan
2664:Bay leaves
2596:Vegetables
2468:Shakshouka
2270:and salads
2268:Appetizers
2150:Tamr hindi
2108:Aseer asab
2103:Amar eddin
1865:Maceration
1855:Wine press
1845:Destemming
1796:Winemaking
1702:Wine fraud
1697:Wine fault
1682:Oenophilia
1618:Wine label
1613:Wine glass
1578:Port tongs
1476:Sangiovese
1471:Pinot noir
1431:Douce noir
1358:Rkatsiteli
1303:Chardonnay
1293:Catarratto
1267:by acreage
1241:Biodynamic
1204:Aromatized
993:winemaking
925:7 November
900:7 November
896:. Vinepair
872:7 November
780:6 November
543:8 November
491:12 October
439:7 November
415:References
409:Winemaking
303:white wine
236:Bronze Age
217:Nile Delta
174:Beni Hasan
151:Chardonnay
119:Alexandria
99:وفاء النيل
63:See also:
4731:Magazines
4721:Egyptians
4556:Ahmadiyya
4467:Languages
4433:Hospitals
4367:Education
4234:Transport
4193:Aswan Dam
4121:Companies
4062:Terrorism
4028:President
3991:Massacres
3981:Judiciary
3959:Elections
3828:Mountains
3757:Geography
3735:Port Said
3678:1939–1954
3673:1928–1938
3628:Anarchism
3571:Sadat era
3515:Sultanate
3462:Khedivate
3362:Christian
3330:Ptolemaic
3190:Argentina
3169:Australia
2906:Palestine
2644:Coriander
2540:Ghorayiba
2453:Molokhiya
2448:Mesaqa‘ah
2357:Molokhiya
2249:Eish fino
2113:Black tea
2089:Beverages
1817:Noble rot
1707:Winemaker
1687:Sommelier
1623:Wine rack
1603:Wine cork
1593:Wine cave
1583:Screw cap
1553:Corkscrew
1518:New World
1513:Old World
1491:Zinfandel
1466:Mourvèdre
1373:Trebbiano
1313:Colombard
1214:Noble rot
1194:Fortified
1172:Sparkling
1139:New World
867:Cairo 360
820:ignored (
810:cite book
721:USA Today
360:نبيذ شمسي
223:to Egypt
4804:Category
4768:Olympics
4704:Football
4536:Hinduism
4504:Religion
4411:Feminism
4399:Families
4362:Diaspora
4325:Censuses
4315:Cannabis
4300:Abortion
4244:Airports
4239:Airlines
4215:Internet
4018:Passport
3996:Military
3969:Missions
3916:Politics
3897:Wildlife
3621:By topic
3534:Republic
3369:Sassanid
3210:Paraguay
3102:Slovenia
3097:Slovakia
3072:Portugal
2972:Bulgaria
2926:Thailand
2841:Abkhazia
2820:Tanzania
2800:Ethiopia
2684:Cinnamon
2649:Cardamom
2525:Basbousa
2513:Desserts
2504:Shawarma
2463:Sayadiya
2428:Kamounia
2423:Hawawshi
2130:Karkadeh
1832:Pressing
1754:Glossary
1670:Industry
1563:Jug wine
1558:Decanter
1548:Box wine
1446:Isabella
1441:Grenache
1421:Carignan
1368:Sémillon
1353:Riesling
1348:Palomino
1091:Ancient
1074:Vineyard
1069:Veraison
1054:Oenology
393:See also
295:amphoras
284:pharaohs
270:Plutarch
170:Brussels
162:El Gouna
147:Viognier
145:, while
135:Grenache
51:and the
4834:Commons
4753:Museums
4697:regions
4665:Cuisine
4650:Castles
4622:Culture
4592:Smoking
4573:Judaism
4561:Mosques
4440:Housing
4387:Schools
4293:General
4282:Society
4222:Tourism
4151:Fishing
4109:Banking
4093:Economy
3818:Islands
3808:Geology
3803:Fossils
3788:Deserts
3783:Climate
3773:Borders
3719:By city
3705:Saladin
3653:Genetic
3633:Capital
3520:Kingdom
3435:Ottoman
3301:Ancient
3276:History
3220:Uruguay
3195:Bolivia
3162:Oceania
3122:Ukraine
3077:Romania
3047:Moldova
3022:Ireland
3017:Hungary
3007:Germany
3002:Georgia
2992:Denmark
2977:Croatia
2962:Belgium
2957:Austria
2952:Albania
2936:Vietnam
2896:Lebanon
2846:Armenia
2825:Tunisia
2810:Namibia
2805:Morocco
2790:Algeria
2674:Parsley
2659:Aniseed
2618:Spinach
2575:Qatayef
2520:Baqlawa
2433:Kushari
2398:Falafel
2388:Besarah
2331:Domiati
2311:Cheeses
2145:Sharbat
2118:Kushari
2016:Terroir
1974:Related
1822:Vintage
1804:Harvest
1749:Outline
1573:Muselet
1535:storage
1426:Cinsaut
1401:Barbera
1328:Macabeo
1288:Aligoté
1246:Organic
1236:Natural
1189:Dessert
1134:Georgia
1084:History
1064:Terroir
1059:Species
939:Portals
693:98–101.
336:"booza"
319:Antioch
275:Moralia
184:History
59:Climate
49:Belgium
4814:Portal
4655:Cinema
4509:Baháʼí
4423:Health
4171:Mining
4141:Energy
3865:Rivers
3778:Cities
3700:Postal
3481:Modern
3426:Mamluk
3384:Fustat
3374:Muslim
3306:topics
3264:topics
3200:Brazil
3148:Mexico
3143:Canada
3112:Sweden
3092:Serbia
3082:Russia
3067:Poland
3012:Greece
2997:France
2982:Cyprus
2945:Europe
2931:Turkey
2921:Taiwan
2886:Jordan
2876:Israel
2856:Bhutan
2783:Africa
2694:Cloves
2679:Ginger
2623:Tomato
2613:Lentil
2570:Om Ali
2565:Malban
2555:Kunafa
2545:Halawa
2478:Qolqas
2458:Mombar
2443:Mahshi
2413:Feteer
2408:Fesikh
2403:Fatteh
2376:Dishes
2326:Areesh
2302:Torshi
2297:Tehina
2287:Hummus
2232:Breads
2189:Stella
2140:Sahlab
2135:Kharob
2123:Sa‘idi
1981:Winery
1944:Solera
1568:Kvevri
1456:Merlot
1451:Malbec
1251:Kosher
1227:Other
1182:Orange
1155:Styles
1122:France
977:Africa
845:
747:
725:29 May
677:
282:, the
261:Shedeh
232:Canaan
221:Levant
180:site.
155:Muscat
4758:Music
4741:Radio
4682:Films
4612:Women
4566:Niqāb
4551:Islam
4335:Crime
4176:Mines
3892:Wadis
3850:Oases
3823:Lakes
3768:Biota
3730:Cairo
3648:Copts
3457:Nahda
3347:Roman
3262:Egypt
3205:Chile
3107:Spain
3042:Malta
3027:Italy
2916:Syria
2901:Nepal
2881:Japan
2866:India
2861:China
2795:Egypt
2654:Chili
2639:Cumin
2499:Kofta
2494:Kebab
2473:Torly
2393:Eggah
2383:Bamia
2350:Soups
2282:Duqqa
2239:Bataw
2184:Bouza
2155:Sobia
1931:Aging
1481:Syrah
1436:Gamay
1406:Bobal
1318:Glera
1283:Airén
1275:White
1231:Table
1219:Straw
1209:Fruit
1167:White
1110:China
989:Wines
953:Egypt
727:2006.
176:, an
139:Bobal
131:Syrah
123:Luxor
40:Egypt
4692:list
4687:Flag
4675:Wine
4670:Beer
4350:Rape
4045:list
4033:list
3870:Nile
3663:Jews
3215:Peru
2871:Iran
2834:Asia
2714:Arab
2689:Mint
2669:Dill
2603:Bean
2550:Kahk
2341:Rumi
2336:Mish
1533:and
1262:Top
1177:Rosé
1033:Wine
991:and
965:Wine
927:2016
902:2016
874:2016
843:ISBN
822:help
782:2016
745:ISBN
675:ISBN
641:2016
615:2016
593:2016
568:2016
545:2016
493:2016
467:2016
441:2016
344:بوظة
153:and
141:and
121:and
67:and
1939:Oak
1388:Red
1199:Ice
1162:Red
667:doi
297:in
272:'s
252:red
199:BC.
168:in
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