1360:
1747:
471:
262:
3393:
1339:, DeAtkine, and Robert Springborg have identified a number of reasons why Arab (and Egyptian) armies performed so poorly against Israel from 1948 to the 1970s and afterwards; In battle against Israel from 1948, junior officers consistently demonstrated an unwillingness to manoeuvre, innovate, improvise, take initiative, or act independently. Ground forces units suffered from constant manipulation of information and an inattention to intelligence gathering and objective analysis. Units from the two divisions dispatched to
3605:
1828:
1550:
183:
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2193:
62:
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1197:
committing more troops. A little less than 5,000 troops were sent in
October 1962. Two months later, Egypt had 15,000 regular troops deployed. By late 1963, the number was increased to 36,000; and in late 1964, the number rose to 50,000 Egyptian troops in Yemen. Late 1965 represented the high-water mark of Egyptian troop commitment in Yemen at 55,000 troops, which were broken into 13 infantry regiments of one artillery division, one tank division from the
249:
237:
225:
1614:, which integrated all its air defence capabilities – antiaircraft guns, rocket and missile units, interceptor planes, and radar and warning installations. It appears to comprise five subordinate divisions, 110 surface-to-air missile battalions, and 12 anti-aircraft artillery brigades. Personnel quality may be 'several notches below' that of the Air Force personnel. The IISS estimated in 2020 that personnel numbered 80,000 active and 70,000 reserve.
638:
3383:
3373:
3363:
587:
2197:
600:
1594:
561:
1513:
574:
3441:
510:
1372:
of military information is not made publicly available, including budget information, the names of the general officers and the military's size (which is considered a state secret). According to journalist Joshua Hammer, "as much as 40% of the
Egyptian economy" is controlled by the Egyptian armed forces, and other authoritative works such as Springborg reinforce this trend.
548:
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523:
1262:. The forward deployed Egyptian forces were shattered in three places by the attacking Israelis. Field Marshal Amer, overwhelmed by events, and ignoring previous plans, ordered a retreat by the Egyptian Army to the Suez Canal. This developed into a rout as the Israelis harried the retreating troops from the ground and from the air.
1819:, before the latter governments gave their shares back to Egypt in 1993, valued at $ 1.8 billion. AOI is now entirely owned by the government of Egypt and has about 19,000 employees out of which 1250 are engineers. AOI fully owns ten factories and shares in two joint ventures, plus the Arab Institute for Advanced Technology.
1180:. Rigid lines between officers and men in the Egyptian Army led to a mutual "mistrust and contempt" between officers and the men who served under them. Tsouras writes that the Israelis "seized and held the ..initiative throughout the campaign and quickly destroyed the Egyptian defences." In a few instances, such as at the
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1371:
In the second decade of the 21st century, the Armed Forces enjoy considerable power and independence within the
Egyptian state. They are also influential in business, engaging in road and housing construction, consumer goods, resort management, and own vast tracts of real estate. A significant amount
1196:
Within three months of sending troops to Yemen in 1962, Nasser realized that the engagement would require a larger commitment than anticipated. By early 1963, he would begin a four-year campaign to extricate
Egyptian forces from Yemen, using an unsuccessful face-saving mechanism, only to find himself
1645:
During the early modern era, in 1805, Muhammad Ali of Egypt became the Wali of the country forming his own autonomous rule over Egypt. To build the empire he always wished, he needed a strong military and so he managed to prepare that military starting with the army then the Navy. During his reign,
1343:
in 1990–91, accompanied by U.S. personnel during the 1991 Gulf War, consistently reported fierce battles even though they actually encountered little or no resistance. This occurred whether or not they were accompanied by U.S. military personnel or journalists. Later researchers such as
Springborg
1242:
The
Egyptian army, comprising two armored and five infantry divisions, were deployed in the Sinai. In the weeks before the Six-Day War began, Egypt made several significant changes to its military organisation; Field Marshal Amer created a new command interposed between the general staff and the
1405:
In 2018 there were no evident internal cracks within the Armed Forces. The
Egyptian Armed Forces' unrivalled dominance, both in politics and within the security apparatus, appear to be the result of three combined factors: substantial economic interests, a long-time legitimacy buttressed by the
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and other service branches without a university degree serve three years as enlisted soldiers. Conscripts with a
General Secondary School Degree serve two years as enlisted personnel. Conscripts with a university degree serve one year as enlisted personnel or three years as a reserve officer.
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1778:. This wide range of sources can cause serviceability difficulties. Equipment from the Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern U.S., French, and British equipment, a significant portion of which is built under license in Egypt, such as the
1255:) had their commanders and chiefs of staff replaced. What fragmentary information is available suggests to authors such as Pollack that Amer was trying to improve the competence of the force, replacing political appointees with veterans of the Yemen war.
938:
All branches, forces, armies, regions, bodies, agencies and departments of the Armed Forces are subject to the leadership of the
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, who simultaneously holds the Ministry of Defence. This position is currently held by
974:
consists of 23 members, headed by the
Commander-in-Chief and Minister of Defense, and represented by the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, with membership of: Commanders of the main branches of air, navy, and air defense, commanders of the
102:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
2729:
1420:
accused the EAF of violating international human rights law and committing war crimes by demolishing more than 12,300 residential and commercial buildings and 6,000 hectares of farmland since 2013 in North Sinai.
1192:
which allowed the Israelis to wreak havoc and drive on the Canal; on 5 November, British and French parachute landings began in the Canal Zone but by 7 November, U.S. pressure had forced an end to the fighting.
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1569:
is the other modern interceptor used by the EAF. The Egyptian Air Force has 216 F-16s (plus 20 on order). It has about 579 combat aircraft and 149 armed helicopters as it continues to fly extensively upgraded
74:
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1239:, that Nasser did not intend to start an immediate war, but instead was happy with his rhetorical and political accomplishments of the past weeks. Nevertheless, Israel felt it needed to take action.
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3559:
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to passage of Israeli ships. Israel considered the closure of the straits grounds for war and prepared their armed forces to attack. On June 3, three battalions of Egyptian commandos were flown to
1516:
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and several Special Forces as well as airborne regiments. All the Egyptian field commanders complained of a total lack of topographical maps causing a real problem in the first months of the war.
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army's active involvement in welfare and development initiatives, and the reliance on universal conscription as the main avenue for the successful accommodation of class and social cleavages.
1437:. All branches, forces, armies, regions, bodies, organs and departments of the Armed Forces are under the command of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, who is at the same time the
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1850:
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departments, the Assistant Minister of Defense for Constitutional and Legal Affairs, and the Secretary of the Council is the Secretary-General of the Ministry of Defense.
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1081:. Much of the equipment is manufactured locally at Egyptian factories. The Egyptian armed forces celebrate their anniversary on October 6 each year to commemorate the
1036:
1694:
1398:, killing 2,600 people. The total casualty count made 14 August the deadliest day in Egypt since the Egyptian revolution of 2011 which had toppled former President
713:
1673:. The Coast Guard is responsible for the onshore protection of public installations near the coast and the patrol of coastal waters to prevent smuggling. The IISS
1666:, but the bulk of the force remained in the Mediterranean. Navy headquarters and the main operational and training base are located at Ras el Tin near Alexandria.
3644:
3217:
2093:
3549:
2118:, "The Road to Setback - Memoirs of Egyptian Military Leaders 1967" (ar: "الطريق إلى النكسة - مذكرات قادة العسكرية المصرية "1967), 2000 edition, 455 pages,
2059:
1504:), and assistant secretary of defence for constitutional and legal affairs. The Secretary of the Board is the Secretary General of the Ministry of Defence.
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1438:
673:
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4381:
4276:
4158:
1973:
1481:
1016:
963:
904:
347:
3957:
2397:
Dupuy (1978) lists the 2nd, 3rd, 7th Infantry Division, 6th Mechanised, 20th Palestinian, and 4th Armoured, plus an armoured task force. Dupuy, 239–240.
3514:
3204:
CMI Publications, "The Egyptian military in politics and the economy: Recent history and current transition status". www.cmi.no. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
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2755:
2668:
2777:
4523:
3797:
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3256:
Witty, David M. "A regular Army in counterinsurgency operations: Egypt in North Yemen, 1962–1967." The Journal of Military History 65, no. 2 (2001).
1477:
1012:
105:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
3065:
3029:"Technical Institute of Nursing military of the Egyptian armed forces – Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egypt – College & University | Facebook"
1807:
supervises nine military factories which produce civilian goods as well as military products. Initially, the owners of AOI were the governments of
4666:
4431:
3554:
3210:
Ferris, Jesse, Egypt, the Cold War, and the Civil War in Yemen, 1962–1966, Princeton University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3332407.
1804:
1485:
1020:
951:
433:
429:
113:
1053:
The armament of the Egyptian armed forces varies between eastern and western sources through weapons deliveries by several countries, led by the
2039:
1188:, Egyptian defences were well-organised and stubbornly held, but this did not make enough difference overall. Nasser ordered a retreat from the
3734:
2844:
2554:
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in Hejaz. Later in 1815, Muhammad Ali built Alexandria Shipyard to build warships not just transport ships. The Navy then participated in the
689:
685:
4251:
3817:
3639:
3634:
3124:
2347:
1562:
1469:
1391:
1325:
1004:
2819:
2690:
4674:
4459:
705:
2624:
1610:
or ADF (Quwwat El Diffaa El Gawwi in Arabic) is Egypt's military service responsible for air defense. Egypt patterned its force after the
829:
2538:
Springborg, Robert. "Learning from failure: Egypt." The Routledge Handbook of Civil-Military Relations. London: Routledge (2013): 93–109.
1204:
Before the June 1967 War, the army divided its personnel into four regional commands (Suez, Sinai, Nile Delta, and Nile Valley up to the
1168:
In the early 1950s, politics rather than military competence was the main criterion for promotion. The Egyptian commander, Field Marshal
4516:
4296:
3509:
1445:
1043:
971:
1145:
4556:
3589:
3469:
3295:
3229:
3167:
2491:
1918:
1153:
4651:
4406:
3213:
H.Frisch, Guns and butter in the Egyptian Army, p. 6. Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer 2001).
3143:
3054:
3247:
Andrew McGregor, A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006
2462:
2294:
4616:
4336:
4246:
3665:
3619:
1938:
1465:
1000:
992:
932:
924:
908:
749:
741:
717:
697:
681:
3002:
1732:
only (IISS 2020, p. 375). However, that listing of numbers has remained the same at least since the 2017 edition (p. 375).
1324:
would provide substantial military assistance to Egypt. Today the U.S. provides annual military assistance often quoted at some
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4316:
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3334:
1933:
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1461:
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1453:
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988:
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have confirmed that the tendencies identified in the 1980s and 1990s persist in the Armed Forces in the twenty-first century.
821:
4454:
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4151:
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1379:, Israeli media reported that the 9th, 2nd, and 7th Divisions of the Army had been ordered into Cairo to help restore order.
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801:
721:
126:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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listed the Coast Guard with 2,000 personnel, 14 fast patrol boats (PBF) and 65 patrol boats (including 15 Swiftships, 21
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4566:
4401:
4361:
4301:
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4115:
4111:
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Dr Mohammed al-Jawadi, In Between the Catastrophe: Memoirs of Egyptian Military Commanders from 1967 to 1972 (in Arabic)
2868:
1896:
1870:
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1717:
1633:
1621:
1473:
1008:
308:
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Colonel E.V. Badolato (March–April 1984). "A Clash of Cultures: The Expulsion of Soviet Military Advisors from Egypt".
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30:
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3250:"The Egyptian Armed Forces and the Remaking of an Economic Empire". Carnegie Middle East Center. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
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The modern Egyptian armed forces have been involved in numerous military crises and wars since independence, from the
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among other planes. Egypt currently operates 24 Dassault Rafale, a French twin-engine fighter aircraft as of 2019.
1410:
1395:
1305:, however, and inflicted a "stunning defeat" on an Israeli force which had tried to hastily seize Suez City in the
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After the war began on 5 June 1967, Israel attacked Egypt, destroyed its air force on the ground, and occupied the
135:
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4266:
4236:
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4144:
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1923:
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1541:. The IISS estimated in 2020 that the Army numbered 90–120,000, with 190–220,000 conscripts, a total of 310,000.
1538:
1364:
1125:
805:
709:
677:
2479:"Scenesetter: President Mubarak's visit to Washington (09CAIRO874)". US Department of State (cable). 2009-05-19.
1409:
On March 25, 2020, it was reported that two army generals, Shafea Dawoud and Khaled Shaltout, had died from the
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Joshua Hammer| nybooks.com| 18 August 2011| (free online article not complete, does not include quoted portion)
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1611:
1493:
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1321:
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1028:
753:
121:
3392:
2580:
1251:, who had returned from Yemen in May 1967. Six of the seven divisions in the Sinai (with the exception of the
954:. The only person above him in the leadership ladder is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, who is the
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142:
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1906:
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1827:
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the Navy already existed but it was only used for troop transportation. Its first engagement was during the
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847:
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2593:
1549:
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4371:
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4321:
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4226:
4098:
4047:
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3917:
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There is an undergraduate military school for each branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces, and they include:
1705:, Cairo, provides medical training. As of February 2020, the AFCM commandant was Maj. Gen. Dr. Amr Hegab.
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1294:
1248:
869:
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4196:
3922:
3720:
1943:
1901:
1286:
1105:
1082:
773:
182:
3276:
1328:$ 1.3 billion to the Egyptian armed forces ($ 1.85 billion in 2024). This level is second only to
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left 61 protestors killed. On 14 August 2013, the Egyptian Army along with the police carried out the
4477:
4396:
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3847:
3842:
3822:
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3701:
3282:
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1860:
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1670:
1561:(EAF) is the aviation branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces. Currently, the backbone of the EAF is the
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959:
419:
327:
207:
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1208:). The remainder of Egypt's territory, over 75%, was the sole responsibility of the Frontier Corps.
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4376:
4241:
4181:
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3947:
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advisors from Egypt. The Soviet advisors had significant access and influence previously. When the
1270:
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980:
967:
912:
437:
353:
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4351:
4256:
4206:
4017:
4012:
3952:
3907:
3867:
3762:
3743:
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3300:
3095:
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2698:
2559:
2443:
1618:
1558:
1430:
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1212:
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1113:
984:
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916:
888:
781:
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1172:, was a purely political appointee who owed his position to his close friendship with President
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1452:, and is represented by the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces. Commanders of military areas (
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943:
693:
340:
117:
4002:
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1659:
1216:
1169:
1157:
1117:
825:
785:
729:
391:
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1050:, when President Mubarak resigned and transferred power to this body on February 11, 2011.
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falls under the control of the Ministry of Interior as well. Circa 2020, according to the
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existed thousands of years ago, specifically during the Early Dynastic period in 2800 BC.
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1259:
1228:
1189:
940:
860:
406:
217:
172:
2018:
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2845:"Coronavirus: Egypt's army introduces strict measures to control spread among soldiers"
2114:
1948:
1928:
1767:
1587:
1306:
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1121:
1086:
1078:
935:), in contrast to the rest of the forces, bodies, departments, and auxiliary agencies.
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628:
592:
489:
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230:
2169:"الرئيس منصور يصدر قرارًا بإعادة تشكيل المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة - بوابة الأهرام"
3287:
3241:
Hazem Kandil, 'Soldiers, Spies, and Statesmen: Egypt's Road to Revolt,' Verso, 2012
1953:
1812:
1771:
1709:
1340:
757:
643:
566:
373:
274:
2194:"الحياة - مصر: قرار جمهوري بتشكيل المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة برئاسة وزير الدفاع"
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where in 1827 it had over 100 warships and hundreds of transport ships. After the
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1891:
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2722:"Scores dead in Egypt after security forces launch assault on protesters' camp"
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began in October 1973, the Egyptians were initially successful in crossing the
4540:
2150:
1797:
1309:. Peace was only imposed after the United States and Soviet Union stepped in.
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1181:
3091:
2132:
1402:. Several world leaders denounced the violence during the sit-in dispersals.
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on the eastern bank, then crossed the canal and rapidly advanced, destroying
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3082:
2902:
2172:
1972:
Not a separate command, the land forces are under the direct command of the
1779:
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and establishing a bridgehead on the eastern bank. In the costly and brutal
3244:
Maj Gen Abed al-Menahim Khalil, Egyptian Wars in Modern History (in Arabic)
1413:, and at least 550 officers and soldiers had been infected with the virus.
4326:
3179:
Changing Orders: The Evolution of the World's Armies, 1945 to the Present
1137:
809:
3319:
2447:
2220:"Crowds rejoice as Egypt's Mubarak steps down, hands power to military"
1754:
The inventory of the Egyptian armed forces includes equipment from the
1663:
1074:
793:
579:
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124:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
3066:"Egypt's Military Post-2011: Playing Politics without Internal Cracks"
903:, so that the command of the land formations returned directly to the
4136:
3712:
3283:
Academics see the military in decline, but retaining strong influence
3201:
Norvell deAtkine, 'Why Arabs Lose Wars,' Middle East Quarterly, 6(4).
1763:
1759:
1571:
1329:
1224:
1176:. He would prove himself grossly incompetent as a general during the
1062:
1058:
553:
541:
502:
463:
2617:"Coup topples Egypt's Morsy; deposed president under 'house arrest'"
2314:"The Egyptian–Yemen War: Egyptian Perspectives on Guerrilla Warfare"
290:
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following mass protests demanding his resignation. On 8 July 2013,
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1808:
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1511:
1358:
1220:
1205:
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they comprised an estimated 12,000, in 18 border regiments, with
1782:
99:
4512:
4140:
3716:
3411:
3323:
2820:"Coronavirus hits Egyptian army amid allegations of a cover-up"
946:(since July 2024), Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and
55:
1392:
clashes between the Republican Guard and pro-Morsi supporters
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on March 25, 1964, but it was officially abolished after the
2040:"Yearender 2018: Egypt's burgeoning domestic arms industry"
1363:
Egyptian contingent participating in the rehearsal of the
4752:- country that sometimes recognized as part of Arab world
2720:
Hauslohner, Abigail; Sharaf al-Hourani (14 August 2013).
2277:
2275:
2405:
2403:
1247:. This new Sinai Front Command was placed under General
1243:
Eastern Military District commander, Lieutenant General
3207:
Maj Gen Mohammed Fawzy, The Three-Years War (in Arabic)
2477:
Robert Springborg, "Learning from Failure," 2010, 103;
2357:
2355:
2060:"Arab involvement in Crimean War 'erased from history'"
1851:
Military Academy for Postgraduate and Strategic Studies
34:
3560:
Ministry of Housing, Utilities & Urban Communities
3113:
International Institute for Strategic Studies (2020).
2647:"Egypt: Rab'a Killings Likely Crimes against Humanity"
3625:
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics
3475:
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
1382:
On 3 July 2013, the Egyptian Armed Forces launched a
3540:
Ministry of Investment and International Cooperation
3520:
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
3138:. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
2869:"Egypt: Massive Sinai Demolitions Likely War Crimes"
1750:
Egyptian Mi-8 Hip helicopters after unloading troops
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where it was used to transport troops from Egypt to
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3612:
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supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel Elhamy A. Elsebaey
895:. Previously, there was a separate command for the
841:
834:
Egyptian involvement in the Second Libyan Civil War
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202:
192:
158:
3047:Elusive Victory: The Arab-Israeli Wars, 1947–1974
2691:"NSF spokesman quits over Rabaa, Nahda massacres"
1448:(SCAF) is composed of 23 members, chaired by the
3525:Ministry of Industry, Trade and Small Industries
907:, and the ground formations were divided to the
3253:Lt Gen Saad el-Shazly, The Crossing of the Suez
1500:), directors of many departments (officers and
1320:for the Egyptians accepting peace was that the
1042:Senior members of the military can convene the
714:Egyptian invasion of the Eastern Horn of Africa
3064:Hussein, Ebtisam; Martino, Claudia De (2019).
2806:
2665:"Egypt's Brotherhood to hold 'march of anger'"
1312:When Sadat and the Israelis made peace in the
1301:. The Egyptians did stop the Israelis seizing
120:accompanying your translation by providing an
86:Click for important translation instructions.
73:expand this article with text translated from
4524:
4152:
3728:
3645:Housing and Building National Research Center
3423:
3335:
3218:International Institute for Strategic Studies
3049:. London: MacDonald and Jane's. p. 228.
2555:"Succession Gives Army a Stiff Test in Egypt"
8:
3495:Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy
3460:Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
3136:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948–91
2888:
2886:
2778:"Most world states condemn Egypt's violence"
1697:provides many military health services. The
1035:, the directors of the Officers Affairs and
164:
3585:Ministry of Legal and Parliamentary Affairs
3296:Egypt's Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
2548:
2546:
2544:
1995:
1993:
1439:Ministry of Defence and Military Production
987:), and commanders of the military regions (
18:
4531:
4517:
4509:
4159:
4145:
4137:
3735:
3721:
3713:
3595:Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation
3430:
3416:
3408:
3342:
3328:
3320:
2342:, Second Edition, MacMillan, 1983, p. 165
2094:"القوات المسلحة-الهيئة العامة للإستعلامات"
1498:Armed Forces Management and Administration
1450:Commander-in-Chief and Minister of Defence
911:, under whose command the two armies (the
3188:Essential Histories: The Suez Crisis 1956
3081:
2553:Cambanis, Thanassis (11 September 2010).
1847:, supervised by General Gamal Elsabrouty.
1788:Egypt is one of the few countries in the
1662:, some fleet units were stationed in the
1537:Officers for the army are trained at the
958:, and this position is currently held by
3676:Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance
3446:Egypt government ministries and agencies
3285:, 23 September 2009 (US Embassy Cables,
2937:
2925:
2752:"Global condemnation of Egypt crackdown"
1502:Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance
132:{{Translated|ar|القوات المسلحة المصرية}}
24:This is an accepted version of this page
2526:
2514:
2409:
2385:
2281:
1989:
1965:
1805:Arab Organization for Industrialization
1695:Armed Forces Medical Service Department
617:
453:
430:Arab Organization for Industrialization
20:
3003:"Egypt to launch first spy satelllite"
2892:IISS The Military Balance 2020, p. 372
2266:
2245:
2218:Murdock, Heather (February 11, 2011).
2008:IISS The Military Balance 2022, p. 336
1999:IISS The Military Balance 2022, p. 337
1429:The Supreme Commander-in-Chief is the
674:Egyptian conquest of Sudan (1820–1824)
155:
3640:Egypt Financial Supervisory Authority
3635:Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute
2492:"Nation locked in a deadly stalemate"
2421:
2373:
2361:
1563:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
7:
3550:Ministry of Manpower and Immigration
2989:
2295:"How Yemen was once Egypt's Vietnam"
2151:"Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces"
2109:
2107:
1890:Egyptian GIS counter strike school,
1553:Egyptian Mirage 5 at Cairo-West 1985
1253:20th Infantry 'Palestinian' Division
1231:, writing in 1978, argues from King
706:Second French intervention in Mexico
378:1–3 years depending on circumstances
3575:Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities
2871:. Human Rights Watch. 17 March 2021
2788:from the original on 23 August 2013
2758:from the original on 25 August 2013
2732:from the original on 15 August 2013
2671:from the original on 16 August 2013
2490:David Costello (February 1, 2011).
2312:Aboul-Enein, Youssef (2004-01-01).
1876:Egyptian Military Technical College
1446:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
1046:, such as during the course of the
1044:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
972:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
864:
413:(in addition to 1.3 billion US aid)
187:Emblem of the Egyptian Armed Forces
165:
4470:Dependencies and other territories
3160:Forces Armees Africaines 2016–2017
2594:"צפו: סיור וירטואלי במוקדי המהפכה"
1974:Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces
1919:Flags of the Egyptian Armed Forces
1897:Armed Forces Institute for Nursery
1792:, and the only Arab state, with a
1386:against the elected government of
905:Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces
690:Ethiopian–Egyptian border conflict
49:
3515:Ministry of Health and Population
2954:. London: Routledge. p. 374.
2627:from the original on 4 March 2016
1347:Egypt is a participant in NATO's
1289:shouldered aside portions of the
879:) are the military forces of the
876:Al-Qūwāt Al-Musallahah Al-Maṣrīya
686:Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–1835)
51:Combined military forces of Egypt
4694:Autonomous regional armed forces
4680:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4043:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3813:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3671:General Intelligence Directorate
3620:Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority
3603:
3439:
3391:
3381:
3371:
3361:
2970:Armed Forces College Of Medicine
2697:. 14 August 2013. Archived from
1939:Military of the Mamluk Sultanate
1881:Armed Forces Technical Institute
1699:Armed Forces College of Medicine
1528:special forces training together
1223:to take part in operations from
750:Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
742:Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan
718:Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876-1878)
698:Egyptian-Ottoman War (1839-1841)
682:Egyptian-Ottoman War (1831-1833)
636:
621:
598:
585:
572:
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546:
534:
521:
508:
495:
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469:
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321:
260:
247:
235:
223:
181:
60:
4667:States with limited recognition
4432:States with limited recognition
3555:Ministry of Military Production
2098:Egypt State Information Service
1934:Military of the Tulunid Emirate
1886:Armed Forces Institute for NCOs
1736:Military equipment and industry
1716:comes under the control of the
1375:On 31 January 2011, during the
1316:of September 1978, part of the
1297:sites and then cutting off the
830:Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
434:Ministry of Military Production
4478:British Indian Ocean Territory
2903:"Military Database – Scramble"
2754:. Al Jazeera. 15 August 2013.
2667:. Al Jazeera. 16 August 2013.
1796:and has launched another one,
130:You may also add the template
1:
3630:Central Auditing Organization
3570:Ministry of Social Solidarity
3565:Ministry of Local Development
2074:"Egypt's military: Key facts"
1708:Egypt also maintains 397,000
1130:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
1033:Management and Administration
802:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
722:Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)
3650:National Elections Authority
3134:Pollack, Kenneth M. (2002).
2615:Wedeman, Ben (4 July 2013).
2196:. 2014-02-28. Archived from
2171:. 2019-04-14. Archived from
1871:Egyptian Air Defense College
1840:Commanders and Staff College
1634:List of naval ships of Egypt
1622:Aly Fahmy Mohammed Aly Fahmi
979:, commanders of the armies (
919:) and the military regions (
3510:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3397:Egyptian Air Defense Forces
3308:Egypt's military leadership
3162:. Paris: Laurent Touchard.
2581:Egypt: Who Calls the Shots?
1726:IISS Military Balance 2020,
1722:Egyptian Border Guard Corps
1669:The Navy also controls the
1608:Egyptian Air Defense Forces
1098:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
893:Egyptian Air Defense Forces
875:
818:Egyptian revolution of 2011
766:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
267:Egyptian Air Defense Forces
143:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
4786:
4222:People's Republic of China
3690:Law Enforcement and Prison
3590:Ministry of Transportation
3470:Ministry of Civil Aviation
3181:. New York: Facts on File.
3177:Tsouras, Peter G. (1994).
3158:Touchard, Laurent (2017).
3150:See also book reviewed in
2807:Hussein & Martino 2019
1776:People's Republic of China
1742:Egyptian Military Industry
1739:
1631:
1411:COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt
1283:Battle of the Chinese Farm
94:Machine translation, like
4747:
3659:Military and Intelligence
3601:
3357:
3222:The Military Balance 2019
3070:Contemporary Arab Affairs
3045:Dupuy, Trevor N. (1978).
2952:The Military Balance 2017
2257:Varble 2003, Pollack 2002
1924:Military of Ancient Egypt
1856:Egyptian Military Academy
1681:, three Type-89 and nine
1656:Greek War of Independence
1539:Egyptian Military Academy
1365:Delhi Republic Day parade
956:President of the Republic
822:2013 Egyptian coup d'état
806:1999 East Timorese crisis
710:Cretan Revolt (1866-1869)
678:Greek War of Independence
180:
163:
75:the corresponding article
3798:Central African Republic
3697:Egyptian National Police
3666:National Security Agency
2436:Naval War College Review
2320:. No. Jan–Feb, 2004
1831:Egyptian Military Police
1794:reconnaissance satellite
1612:Soviet Air Defence Force
1377:2011 Egyptian revolution
1265:In July 1972, President
1048:2011 Egyptian revolution
909:forces east of the canal
754:1919 Revolution of Egypt
31:latest accepted revision
4488:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3530:Ministry of Information
3500:Ministry of Environment
3083:10.1525/caa.2019.121004
1907:Airborne School (Egypt)
1845:Reserve Officer College
1714:Central Security Forces
1211:In May 1967, President
1199:Egyptian Armoured Corps
1150:Second Libyan Civil War
1003:) and the heads of the
970:(since July 2024). The
848:Military ranks of Egypt
141:For more guidance, see
4739:People's Defense Units
3186:Varble, Derek (2003).
3152:International Security
1866:Egyptian Naval College
1832:
1751:
1598:
1597:An Egyptian F16C Pilot
1554:
1529:
1368:
1349:Mediterranean Dialogue
1295:surface-to-air missile
966:is Lieutenant General
883:. They consist of the
881:Arab Republic of Egypt
865:القوات المسلحة المصرية
726:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
166:القوات المسلحة المصرية
3958:São Tomé and Príncipe
3818:Republic of the Congo
3681:Egyptian Armed Forces
3580:Ministry of Petroleum
3490:Ministry of Education
3351:Egyptian Armed Forces
3281:Department of State,
3267:Egyptian Armed Forces
2133:"Minister of Defence"
1944:Ancient Egyptian navy
1830:
1749:
1675:Military Balance 2017
1596:
1552:
1523:
1362:
1287:Israeli Defence Force
1227:. But U.S. historian
1106:North Yemen Civil War
1094:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1037:Military Intelligence
857:Egyptian Armed Forces
774:North Yemen Civil War
770:Tripartite Aggression
411:4.82 billion dollars
159:Egyptian Armed Forces
114:copyright attribution
4652:United Arab Emirates
4407:United Arab Emirates
3702:Hostage Rescue Force
3535:Ministry of Interior
3116:The Military Balance
2225:The Washington Times
1861:Egyptian Air College
1817:United Arab Emirates
1718:Ministry of Interior
1671:Egyptian Coast Guard
1468:), heads of bodies (
1435:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
1355:Twenty-first century
1249:Abdel Mohsin Murtagi
1237:My "War" with Israel
1126:Egyptian bread riots
1083:Crossing of the Suez
1013:Logistics and Supply
960:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
897:Egyptian Land Forces
328:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
198:Victory or Martyrdom
4033:States with limited
3744:Military of Africa
3545:Ministry of Justice
3505:Ministry of Finance
3485:Ministry of Defense
3480:Ministry of Culture
3316:, February 11, 2011
3304:, February 10, 2011
2824:Middle East Monitor
2726:The Washington Post
2424:, pp. 267–269.
2376:, pp. 229–230.
1532:Conscripts for the
1271:Soviet Armed Forces
1245:Salah ad-Din Muhsin
1134:Egyptian-Libyan War
1087:October War of 1973
977:border guard forces
968:Ahmed Fathy Khalifa
952:Military Production
948:Minister of Defense
901:Six-Day War of 1967
798:Egyptian–Libyan War
665:List of engagements
438:Alexandria Shipyard
354:Ahmed Fathy Khalifa
352:Lieutenant General
335:Minister of Defense
212:1968 (current form)
21:Page version status
4539:Militaries of the
4167:Militaries of Asia
3387:Egyptian Air Force
3301:The New York Times
3272:CIA World Factbook
3008:The Jerusalem Post
2784:. 15 August 2013.
2651:Human Rights Watch
2560:The New York Times
2465:2020-01-26 at the
2019:"Military Factory"
1902:Thunderbolt School
1833:
1752:
1720:. As of 2017, the
1619:Lieutenant General
1602:Air Defense Forces
1599:
1584:Dassault Mirage Vs
1559:Egyptian Air Force
1555:
1530:
1431:President of Egypt
1418:Human Rights Watch
1369:
1314:Camp David Accords
1174:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1114:Nigerian Civil War
889:Egyptian Air Force
782:Nigerian Civil War
762:1948 Palestine War
734:Anglo-Egyptian War
426:Domestic suppliers
255:Egyptian Air Force
122:interlanguage link
27:
4770:Military of Egypt
4757:
4756:
4506:
4505:
4134:
4133:
4060:other territories
3833:Equatorial Guinea
3710:
3709:
3465:Ministry of Awqaf
3405:
3404:
3313:Aljazeera English
3154:, Vol. 28, No. 2.
3126:978-0-367-46639-8
2701:on 2 October 2013
2653:. 12 August 2014.
2596:. 30 January 2011
2348:978-0-333-34079-0
2318:Infantry Magazine
1617:Its commander is
1521:
1335:Scholars such as
1233:Hussein of Jordan
1025:Financial Affairs
944:Abdel Mageed Saqr
873:
853:
852:
694:1838 Druze Revolt
444:Foreign suppliers
414:
392:Reserve personnel
365:Military age
341:Abdel Mageed Saqr
316:Supreme Commander
154:
153:
87:
83:
4777:
4711:Non-state actors
4549:Sovereign states
4533:
4526:
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4483:Christmas Island
4174:Sovereign states
4161:
4154:
4147:
4138:
4121:
4120:(United Kingdom)
4116:Tristan da Cunha
4112:Ascension Island
4104:
4091:
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4058:Dependencies and
3751:Sovereign states
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2496:The Courier-Mail
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2009:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1977:
1970:
1823:Military schools
1660:Second World War
1522:
1494:military justice
1217:Straits of Tiran
1170:Abdel Hakim Amer
1158:Sinai insurgency
1118:War of Attrition
1029:Military Justice
878:
868:
866:
826:Sinai insurgency
786:War of Attrition
654:Related articles
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2062:. 2 March 2014.
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1416:In March 2021,
1357:
1337:Kenneth Pollack
1260:Sinai Peninsula
1229:Trevor N. Dupuy
1166:
1146:Egyptian Crisis
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768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
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692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
649:
637:
635:
622:
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616:
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610:
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586:
584:
573:
571:
560:
558:
547:
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544:
535:
533:
522:
520:
509:
507:
496:
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483:
481:
470:
468:
457:
455:
452:
451:
436:
432:
322:
320:
289:
261:
259:
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248:
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236:
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233:
224:
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211:
188:
170:
150:
149:
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131:
125:
88:
65:
61:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
4783:
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4755:
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4369:
4364:
4359:
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4339:
4334:
4329:
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4319:
4314:
4309:
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4299:
4294:
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4259:
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4170:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4141:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:Western Sahara
4122:
4105:
4092:
4083:
4069:Canary Islands
4065:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
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4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
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3900:
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3890:
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3865:
3860:
3855:
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3805:
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3647:
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3622:
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3602:
3600:
3598:
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3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3305:
3292:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3262:
3261:External links
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3231:978-1857439885
3230:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3183:
3174:
3169:978-1545499801
3168:
3155:
3144:
3131:
3125:
3110:
3061:
3055:
3039:
3038:
3020:
2994:
2992:, p. 372.
2982:
2966:"News Details"
2957:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2894:
2882:
2860:
2836:
2811:
2799:
2769:
2743:
2712:
2695:World Bulletin
2682:
2656:
2638:
2607:
2585:
2573:
2540:
2531:
2529:, p. 144.
2519:
2517:, p. 146.
2507:
2482:
2470:
2453:
2426:
2414:
2399:
2390:
2388:, p. 191.
2378:
2366:
2364:, p. 228.
2351:
2331:
2304:
2286:
2284:, p. 127.
2271:
2259:
2250:
2238:
2210:
2185:
2160:
2155:www.mod.gov.eg
2142:
2137:www.mod.gov.eg
2124:
2115:Muhammed Gwady
2103:
2100:. 10 May 2022.
2085:
2065:
2051:
2031:
2010:
2001:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1949:Ptolemaic navy
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1929:Ptolemaic army
1926:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1824:
1821:
1768:United Kingdom
1740:Main article:
1737:
1734:
1690:
1689:Other agencies
1687:
1629:
1626:
1603:
1600:
1588:C-130 Hercules
1546:
1543:
1509:
1506:
1426:
1423:
1396:Rabaa massacre
1356:
1353:
1307:Battle of Suez
1275:Yom Kippur War
1165:
1162:
1122:Yom Kippur War
964:Chief of Staff
851:
850:
845:
839:
838:
668:
663:
662:
660:
656:
655:
651:
650:
648:
647:
632:
629:Czechoslovakia
613:
612:
611:
609:
608:
595:
593:United Kingdom
582:
569:
556:
531:
518:
505:
492:
490:Czech Republic
479:
466:
449:
448:
447:
445:
441:
440:
427:
423:
422:
416:
415:
409:
403:
402:
398:
397:
394:
388:
387:
384:
380:
379:
376:
370:
369:
366:
362:
361:
357:
356:
350:
348:Chief of Staff
344:
343:
337:
331:
330:
318:
312:
311:
305:
304:
287:
283:
282:
277:
271:
270:
220:
214:
213:
204:
200:
199:
196:
190:
189:
186:
178:
177:
161:
160:
152:
151:
147:
146:
139:
128:
106:
103:
92:
89:
70:
69:
68:
66:
59:
50:
48:
28:
22:
19:
17:
16:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4782:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4719:Islamic State
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4534:
4529:
4527:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:South Ossetia
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4162:
4157:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4126:
4123:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3873:Guinea-Bissau
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3378:
3377:Egyptian Navy
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:Egyptian Army
3364:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:. Routledge.
3223:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3153:
3147:
3145:0-8032-3733-2
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:. Routledge.
3118:
3117:
3111:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3056:0-356-08090-0
3052:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2983:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2943:
2940:, p. 77.
2939:
2938:Touchard 2017
2934:
2931:
2928:, p. 58.
2927:
2926:Touchard 2017
2922:
2919:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2800:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2713:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2412:, p. 60.
2411:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2338:John Keegan,
2335:
2332:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2269:, p. 18.
2268:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2248:, p. 17.
2247:
2242:
2239:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2200:on 2014-02-28
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2175:on 2019-04-14
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:Dar al-Khayal
2117:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:United States
1748:
1743:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1730:light weapons
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1640:Egyptian Navy
1635:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1615:
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4108:Saint Helena
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3983:South Africa
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3288:The Guardian
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3103:. Retrieved
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3073:
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2972:. 2020-02-29
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2826:. 2020-03-25
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2781:
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2746:
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2725:
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2703:. Retrieved
2699:the original
2694:
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2659:
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2620:
2610:
2598:. Retrieved
2588:
2576:
2566:11 September
2564:. Retrieved
2558:
2534:
2527:Pollack 2002
2522:
2515:Pollack 2002
2510:
2499:. Retrieved
2495:
2485:
2473:
2456:
2442:(2): 69–81.
2439:
2435:
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2410:Pollack 2002
2393:
2386:Tsouras 1994
2381:
2369:
2340:World Armies
2339:
2334:
2322:. Retrieved
2317:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2282:Tsouras 1994
2262:
2253:
2241:
2231:February 11,
2229:. Retrieved
2223:
2213:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:the original
2188:
2177:. Retrieved
2173:the original
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2097:
2088:
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2068:
2054:
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2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2013:
2004:
1968:
1954:Fatimid navy
1834:
1813:Saudi Arabia
1802:
1787:
1772:Soviet Union
1753:
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1712:troops. The
1710:paramilitary
1707:
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1580:F-4 Phantoms
1576:F-7 Skybolts
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1433:, currently
1428:
1415:
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1381:
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1346:
1341:Saudi Arabia
1334:
1318:quid pro quo
1317:
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1235:'s memoirs,
1210:
1203:
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1167:
1091:
1052:
1041:
937:
856:
854:
758:World War II
664:
644:Soviet Union
634:
619:
567:South Africa
374:Conscription
275:Headquarters
118:edit summary
109:
82:(April 2019)
80:
72:
53:
38:
29:This is the
23:
4392:Timor Leste
4347:Philippines
4287:South Korea
4282:North Korea
4182:Afghanistan
4035:recognition
3988:South Sudan
3878:Ivory Coast
2792:7 September
2762:7 September
2267:Varble 2003
2246:Varble 2003
1790:Middle East
1780:M1A1 Abrams
1648:Wahhabi War
1567:Mirage 2000
1482:engineering
1384:coup d'état
1291:Second Army
1267:Anwar Sadat
1215:closed the
1178:Suez Crisis
1154:War on ISIL
1110:Six-Day War
1102:Suez Crisis
1085:during the
1017:Engineering
790:October War
778:Six-Day War
746:World War I
738:Mahdist War
702:Crimean War
670:Wahhabi War
401:Expenditure
299:/ModWebSite
4685:Somaliland
4607:Mauritania
4541:Arab world
4412:Uzbekistan
4382:Tajikistan
4297:Kyrgyzstan
4277:Kazakhstan
4202:Bangladesh
4192:Azerbaijan
4090:(Portugal)
4048:Somaliland
3968:Seychelles
3933:Mozambique
3918:Mauritania
3903:Madagascar
3858:The Gambia
3793:Cape Verde
3105:2021-09-17
3014:2009-03-31
2976:2021-09-17
2912:2019-03-05
2854:2020-04-19
2830:2021-09-17
2501:2011-02-11
2422:Dupuy 1978
2374:Dupuy 1978
2362:Dupuy 1978
2204:2024-06-14
2179:2024-06-14
2079:2017-04-12
2045:2019-12-31
1984:References
1815:, and the
1798:EgyptSat 1
1774:, and the
1703:Heliopolis
1632:See also:
1586:, and the
1470:operations
1299:Third Army
1279:Suez Canal
1186:Abu Agelia
1182:Mitla Pass
1005:Operations
309:Leadership
4729:Hezbollah
4701:Peshmerga
4675:Palestine
4493:Hong Kong
4460:Palestine
4372:Sri Lanka
4367:Singapore
4247:Indonesia
3923:Mauritius
3100:150597455
3092:1755-0912
2990:IISS 2020
2736:14 August
2705:18 August
2675:18 August
2600:27 August
1800:in 2007.
1545:Air Force
1478:logistics
1425:Structure
1269:expelled
870:romanized
360:Personnel
136:talk page
77:in Arabic
4764:Category
4572:Djibouti
4440:Abkhazia
4387:Thailand
4342:Pakistan
4322:Mongolia
4317:Maldives
4312:Malaysia
4217:Cambodia
4114: /
4110: /
4103:(France)
4097: /
4075: /
4071: /
4023:Zimbabwe
3998:Tanzania
3848:Ethiopia
3843:Eswatini
3823:Djibouti
3788:Cameroon
3773:Botswana
3453:Ministry
3220:(2019).
2875:17 March
2786:Archived
2782:Al-Ahram
2756:Archived
2730:Archived
2669:Archived
2625:Archived
2463:Archived
2448:44642308
2324:5 August
2024:21 April
1913:See also
1685:-class.
1683:Peterson
1486:training
1474:armament
1466:southern
1458:northern
1303:Ismailia
1156:and the
1138:Gulf War
1021:Training
1009:Armament
1001:Southern
993:Northern
933:southern
925:northern
915:and the
810:Gulf War
450:Current:
420:Industry
339:General
112:provide
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4647:Tunisia
4632:Somalia
4612:Morocco
4597:Lebanon
4567:Comoros
4562:Bahrain
4557:Algeria
4417:Vietnam
4307:Lebanon
4237:Georgia
4197:Bahrain
4187:Armenia
4099:Réunion
4095:Mayotte
4086:Madeira
4081:(Spain)
4077:Melilla
4008:Tunisia
3978:Somalia
3963:Senegal
3948:Nigeria
3938:Namibia
3928:Morocco
3893:Liberia
3888:Lesotho
3838:Eritrea
3808:Comoros
3783:Burundi
3758:Algeria
3291:, 2011)
2631:8 April
1664:Red Sea
1572:MiG-21s
1490:finance
1462:western
1454:central
1351:forum.
1326:nominal
1164:History
1079:Britain
1075:Ukraine
997:Western
989:Central
941:General
929:western
921:central
872::
794:Shaba I
659:History
614:Former:
580:Ukraine
516:Germany
396:479,000
386:438,500
286:Website
203:Founded
134:to the
116:in the
79:.
4750:italic
4592:Kuwait
4587:Jordan
4455:Taiwan
4397:Turkey
4357:Russia
4292:Kuwait
4272:Jordan
4262:Israel
4227:Cyprus
4212:Brunei
4207:Bhutan
4118:
4101:
4088:
4018:Zambia
4013:Uganda
3953:Rwanda
3908:Malawi
3868:Guinea
3763:Angola
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2950:IISS.
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1285:, the
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3898:Libya
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3828:Egypt
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3096:S2CID
2444:JSTOR
1960:Notes
1809:Egypt
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1221:Amman
1206:Sudan
1190:Sinai
1071:Italy
1067:China
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917:Third
843:Ranks
529:Italy
477:China
368:18–49
280:Cairo
194:Motto
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4337:Oman
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3121:ISBN
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3051:ISBN
2877:2021
2794:2013
2764:2013
2738:2013
2707:2013
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2633:2021
2602:2016
2568:2010
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