194:
252:
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489:
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362:
292:
462:
427:
527:
397:
627:" or the "Crown Prince Party". Its members, rising through party ranks, can easily overrule any opposition in their jurisdictions, even if they are assigned to a local administrative position. They are often seen to outrank other party officials and possess greater prestige due to their lineage.
123:, of all the Elders, Li Xiannian was the most prominent, most active and most successful in opposing and blocking changes and reforms in both political and economic issues. Important decisions were often made in Deng's home. The Eight Elders were able to remove three Party leaders.
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was removed in 1989. Deng, the core of the eight Elders, retired after the 5th
Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee (November 1989), when he resigned from his last official title (Chairman of the
2092:
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1066:"CIVIL-MILITARY CHANGE IN CHINA: ELITES, INSTITUTES, AND IDEAS AFTER THE 16TH PARTY CONGRESS. Chapter 5: Premier Wen and Vice President Zeng: The "Two Centers" of China's "Fourth Generation""
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116:. By the late 1980s, all Elders, including Deng himself, were united in opposition to further political reforms, while holding different views on economic and foreign affairs.
96:, was the most powerful of the group, but his power was never absolute, and he had to consult and make compromises with the other seven Elders, of whom the most prominent were
332:
1802:
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1121:. Graphics: Chloe Whiteaker, Fan Wenxin, Michael Wei, Danny Dougherty and Phil Kuntz. Reporting: Michael Forsythe, Shai Oster, Dune Lawrence, Natasha Khan and Henry Sanderson
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969:
MacFarquhar, Roderick. "Foreword" in Zhao Ziyang (2009). Prisoner of the State: The Secret
Journal of Zhao Ziyang. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
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74:(CCP) who held substantial power in the last two decades of the 20th century. In the English-speaking world, these men are often called
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Descendants of the eight Elders who have benefited significantly from nepotism and cronyism constitute a group now known as "the
2804:
633:
has reported on the extensive wealth accumulated by these descendants via their roles in various public and private companies.
1573:
1222:
104:(considered the second and third in power, respectively, and both associated with the leftist hard-liners and opposition to
1807:
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610:
144:
was abolished. They still held decisive influence behind the scenes until Deng's death in
February 1997.
2779:
1772:
140:), and the rest of the Elders officially retired after the 14th Party Congress in October 1992 when the
2841:
1158:
1114:
609:
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2814:
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1065:
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367:
302:
1720:
418:
1223:"The Cultural Revolution in China: its 50th anniversary was ignored but its legacy lives on today"
603:
2871:
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2516:
1134:
988:
Xiang, Lanxin (April 20, 2012). "Bo Xilai probe shows up China's outdated system of government".
378:
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101:
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127:
was gradually removed from
Premier and Party chairman between 1980 and 1981;
2945:
2510:
2468:
1428:
408:
323:
113:
488:
461:
426:
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2474:
550:
243:
97:
92:, who emerged as China's top leader in December 1978, as a result of the
79:
526:
2894:
1301:
1064:
Tkacik, John (September 2004). Scobell, Andrew; Wortzel, Larry (eds.).
500:
443:
396:
388:
156:
as the main holder of power, the eight elders are accepted to include:
108:
and market-oriented economy). Deng's allies among the Elders included
2539:
Secretary
General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
2462:
1827:
561:
61:
39:
2534:
Deputy
Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
576:
Chairman of the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
338:
Chairman of the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
1386:
946:
Prisoner of the State: The Secret
Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang
1311:
943:(May 19, 2009). Ignatius, Adi; Pu, Bao; Chiang, Renee (eds.).
602:
1030:"The 'eight immortals' who jockeyed for control of a nation"
2961:
Longest-serving members of the
Politburo Standing Committee
1259:"Heirs of Mao's Comrades Rise as New Capitalist Nobility"
1159:"'Eight Elders' Wield Power Behind the Scenes in China"
1071:. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College.
538:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
2938:
2880:
2830:
2778:
2675:
2560:
2551:
2526:
2451:
2376:
2306:
2295:
2206:
2101:
2001:
1990:
1983:
1868:
1795:
1719:
1678:
1582:
1525:
1482:
1444:
1363:
1352:
984:
982:
1298:China's leaders tug strings of power in retirement
495:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
308:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
94:3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee
16:Powerful group of Chinese Communist Party members
2956:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
919:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 112.
433:Vice President of the People's Republic of China
152:The membership was never formally stated. With
571:Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China
1690:Working Committee of Central and State Organs
1323:
8:
263:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
82:to the Taoist deities commonly known as the
2557:
2303:
1998:
1987:
1360:
1330:
1316:
1308:
1194:Xi Jinping: Red China, The Next Generation
70:), were a group of elderly members of the
3005:History of the People's Republic of China
1815:Institute of Party History and Literature
1710:Office for Safeguarding National Security
119:According to reformist General Secretary
642:Membership according to various authors
640:
560:
517:
479:
452:
417:
387:
352:
322:
282:
242:
184:
158:
1239:from the original on September 11, 2016
1169:from the original on September 29, 2020
905:
2852:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
1517:Political and Legal Affairs Commission
1269:from the original on December 27, 2012
1132:
2966:Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party
1216:
1214:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
7:
1604:Comprehensively Law-Based Governance
1191:Andrésy, Agnès (November 20, 2015).
1186:
1184:
1152:
1150:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
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1097:
1095:
1093:
1078:from the original on August 22, 2020
1059:
1057:
1055:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
598:Timeline of the life span of members
1157:Holley, David (January 12, 1992).
1040:from the original on June 11, 2018
916:Politics in China: An Introduction
14:
2867:Scientific Outlook on Development
1695:Central Financial Work Commission
1599:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms
210:Political Consultative Conference
2978:
2977:
1763:Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
1338:
525:
487:
460:
425:
395:
360:
330:
290:
250:
192:
2805:Communist Youth League of China
1840:Executive Leadership Academies
1540:Office of the General Secretary
1028:Wu, Vivian (December 1, 2008).
2218:7th: 1945β1949 & 1954β1956
1614:Financial and Economic Affairs
1221:Bendini, Roberto (June 2016).
1115:"Mapping China's Red Nobility"
66:
44:
1:
1808:Chinese Academy of Governance
28:Eight Great Eminent Officials
2004:Politburo Standing Committee
1502:United Front Work Department
298:Politburo Standing Committee
258:Politburo Standing Committee
205:Politburo Standing Committee
1474:Central Military Commission
913:Joseph, William A. (2010).
373:Central Military Commission
268:Central Advisory Commission
265:First Secretary (1979β1987)
220:Central Advisory Commission
215:Central Military Commission
142:Central Advisory Commission
138:Central Military Commission
3031:
1651:Institutional Organization
540:Vice Chairman (1988β1993)
470:Vice chairman (1985β1992)
468:Central Advisory Committee
440:Vice chairman (1985β1992)
438:Central Advisory Committee
405:Vice chairman (1982β1992)
403:Central Advisory Committee
375:Vice chairman (1982β1992)
131:was removed in 1987; and,
18:
2974:
863:
57:
35:
2790:People's Liberation Army
1700:Hong Kong Work Committee
1507:International Department
1034:South China Morning Post
990:South China Morning Post
19:Not to be confused with
3015:Chinese Communist Party
2810:Young Pioneers of China
2379:CCDI Standing Committee
1680:Dispatched institutions
1492:Organization Department
1345:Chinese Communist Party
497:Chairwoman (1983β1988)
72:Chinese Communist Party
1646:Spiritual Civilization
1641:Science and Technology
1574:Policy Research Office
1512:Social Work Department
1446:Decision-making bodies
1139:: CS1 maint: others (
949:. Simon and Schuster.
48:), abbreviated as the
2820:People's organization
2795:People's Armed Police
2678:Discipline Inspection
1527:Directly administered
310:Chairman (1988β1992)
270:Chairman (1987β1992)
222:Chairman (1982β1987)
2857:Deng Xiaoping Theory
2815:United front (China)
1803:Central Party School
1705:Macau Work Committee
1545:Central Guard Bureau
1497:Publicity Department
1197:. UPA. p. 142.
368:President of the PRC
303:President of the PRC
217:Chairman (1981β1989)
212:Chairman (1978β1983)
2951:Neoauthoritarianism
2209:Military Commission
1984:Leadership sittings
1780:Hong Kong and Macau
1562:Cryptography Office
643:
160:
76:The Eight Immortals
2910:Crown Prince Party
2872:Xi Jinping Thought
2847:Mao Zedong Thought
2781:Wider organisation
1624:Cyberspace Affairs
1550:Central Guard Unit
1463:Standing Committee
1230:europarl.europa.eu
641:
159:
2992:
2991:
2920:New Zhijiang Army
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2563:Central Committee
2554:National Congress
2547:
2546:
2299:Central Committee
2291:
2290:
1994:Central Committee
1871:National Congress
1864:
1863:
1731:Cryptography Work
1682:for co-ordination
1636:National Security
1586:for co-ordination
1454:General Secretary
1355:Central Committee
1204:978-0-7618-6601-5
1163:Los Angeles Times
956:978-1-4391-5407-6
926:978-0-19-533530-9
897:
896:
595:
594:
554:
511:
236:
177:
170:Position(s) Held
3022:
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2939:Related articles
2883:
2862:Three Represents
2842:MarxismβLeninism
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1567:Central Archives
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1485:
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1292:AsiaWeek article
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2890:Shanghai clique
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2832:
2826:
2800:Militia (China)
2780:
2766:
2762:20th: 2022β2027
2757:19th: 2017β2022
2752:18th: 2012β2017
2747:17th: 2007β2012
2742:16th: 2002β2007
2737:15th: 1997β2022
2732:14th: 1992β1997
2727:13th: 1987β1992
2722:12th: 1982β1987
2717:11th: 1978β1982
2677:
2671:
2667:20th: 2022β2027
2662:19th: 2017β2022
2657:18th: 2012β2017
2652:17th: 2007β2012
2647:16th: 2002β2007
2642:15th: 1997β2002
2637:14th: 1992β1997
2632:13th: 1987β1992
2627:12th: 1982β1987
2622:11th: 1977β1982
2617:10th: 1973β1977
2562:
2553:
2543:
2522:
2453:
2447:
2443:20th: 2022β2027
2438:19th: 2017β2022
2433:18th: 2012β2017
2428:17th: 2007β2012
2423:16th: 2002β2007
2418:15th: 1997β2002
2413:14th: 1992β1997
2408:13th: 1987β1992
2403:12th: 1982β1987
2398:11th: 1978β1982
2378:
2372:
2368:20th: 2022β2027
2363:19th: 2017β2022
2358:18th: 2012β2017
2353:17th: 2007β2012
2348:16th: 2002β2007
2343:15th: 1997β2002
2338:14th: 1992β1997
2333:13th: 1987β1992
2328:12th: 1982β1987
2323:11th: 1980β1982
2308:
2298:
2297:Approved by the
2296:
2287:
2283:20th: 2022β2027
2278:19th: 2017β2022
2273:18th: 2012β2017
2268:17th: 2007β2012
2263:16th: 2002β2007
2258:15th: 1997β2002
2253:14th: 1992β1997
2248:13th: 1987β1992
2243:12th: 1982β1987
2238:11th: 1977β1982
2233:10th: 1973β1977
2208:
2202:
2198:20th: 2022β2027
2193:19th: 2017β2022
2188:18th: 2012β2017
2183:17th: 2007β2012
2178:16th: 2002β2007
2173:15th: 1997β2002
2168:14th: 1992β1997
2163:13th: 1987β1992
2158:12th: 1982β1987
2153:11th: 1977β1982
2148:10th: 1973β1977
2103:
2097:
2093:20th: 2022β2027
2088:19th: 2017β2022
2083:18th: 2012β2017
2078:17th: 2007β2012
2073:16th: 2002β2007
2068:15th: 1997β2002
2063:14th: 1992β1997
2058:13th: 1987β1992
2053:12th: 1982β1987
2048:11th: 1977β1982
2043:10th: 1973β1977
2003:
1993:
1991:
1979:
1870:
1860:
1835:Guangming Daily
1791:
1758:Military Reform
1753:Inspection Work
1721:
1715:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1619:Foreign Affairs
1585:
1583:
1578:
1526:
1521:
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1027:
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995:
987:
980:
968:
964:
957:
939:
938:
934:
927:
912:
911:
907:
902:
659:Bloomberg 2012
639:
621:
616:
614:
579:
574:
564:
547:
536:
521:
504:
483:
473:Liuyang, Hunan
456:
436:
421:
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371:
356:
326:
306:
301:
286:
266:
261:
246:
229:
218:
213:
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188:
174:
150:
84:Eight Immortals
24:
21:Eight Immortals
17:
12:
11:
5:
3028:
3026:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
2997:
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2990:
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2925:Xishan Society
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2902:
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2874:
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2827:
2825:
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2822:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:8th: 1956β1969
2709:
2699:
2689:
2687:5th: 1927β1928
2683:
2681:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2612:9th: 1969β1973
2609:
2607:8th: 1956β1969
2604:
2602:7th: 1945β1956
2599:
2597:6th: 1928β1945
2594:
2592:5th: 1927β1928
2589:
2587:4th: 1925β1927
2584:
2582:3rd: 1923β1925
2579:
2577:2nd: 1922β1923
2574:
2572:1st: 1921β1922
2568:
2566:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
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2528:
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2514:
2508:
2502:
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2490:
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2478:
2472:
2466:
2459:
2457:
2454:CCDI Secretary
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2393:8th: 1956β1969
2390:
2384:
2382:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
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664:
662:AndrΓ©sy 2015
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581:CCP Politburo
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533:CCP Politburo
531:
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481:Deng Yingchao
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45:BΔ dΓ yuΓ‘nlΗo
41:
33:
29:
22:
2976:
2930:Gang of Four
2905:Eight Elders
2904:
2493:Wu Guanzheng
2487:Wei Jianxing
1854:Jinggangshan
1833:
1826:
1819:
1712:in Hong Kong
1273:December 28,
1271:. Retrieved
1262:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1229:
1193:
1171:. Retrieved
1162:
1123:. Retrieved
1118:
1080:. Retrieved
1042:. Retrieved
1033:
989:
965:
945:
941:Zhao, Ziyang
935:
915:
908:
878:Xi Zhongxun
871:Xi Zhongxun
751:Li Xiannian
748:Li Xiannian
745:Li Xiannian
742:Li Xiannian
739:Li Xiannian
653:Tkacik 2004
629:
622:
583:(1982β1992)
565:(1916β2015)
522:(1913β2002)
484:(1904β1992)
457:(1909β2005)
422:(1908β1993)
392:(1908β2007)
381:, Chongqing
357:(1907β1998)
340:(1983β1988)
327:(1902β1997)
287:(1909β1992)
247:(1905β1995)
189:(1904β1997)
151:
118:
88:
75:
65:
50:Eight Elders
49:
43:
27:
25:
2505:Wang Qishan
2499:He Guoqiang
2489:(1992β2002)
2309:Secretariat
1975:20th (2022)
1970:19th (2017)
1965:18th (2012)
1960:17th (2007)
1955:16th (2002)
1950:15th (1997)
1945:14th (1992)
1940:13th (1987)
1935:12th (1982)
1930:11th (1977)
1925:10th (1973)
1584:Commissions
1484:Departments
1469:Secretariat
1431:(2002β2012)
1425:(1989β2002)
1423:Jiang Zemin
1419:(1987β1989)
1417:Zhao Ziyang
1413:(1981β1987)
1407:(1976β1981)
1405:Hua Guofeng
1401:(1943β1976)
1395:(1935β1943)
1389:(1931β1935)
1383:(1928β1931)
1377:(1921β1927)
625:Princelings
619:Descendants
589:, Shandong
578:(1988β1993)
573:(1980β1988)
535:(1982β1987)
519:Xi Zhongxun
435:(1988β1993)
370:(1988β1993)
305:(1983β1988)
300:(1977β1987)
284:Li Xiannian
276:, Shanghai
260:(1978β1987)
207:(1977β1987)
202:(1978β1989)
133:Zhao Ziyang
125:Hua Guofeng
121:Zhao Ziyang
102:Li Xiannian
2999:Categories
2833:Ideologies
2552:Elected by
1920:9th (1969)
1915:8th (1956)
1910:7th (1945)
1905:6th (1928)
1900:5th (1927)
1895:4th (1925)
1890:3rd (1923)
1885:2nd (1922)
1880:1st (1921)
1748:Rural Work
1435:Xi Jinping
1411:Hu Yaobang
1399:Mao Zedong
1375:Chen Duxiu
900:References
795:Wang Zhen
792:Wang Zhen
789:Wang Zhen
786:Wang Zhen
783:Wang Zhen
773:Peng Zhen
770:Peng Zhen
767:Peng Zhen
764:Peng Zhen
761:Peng Zhen
656:SCMP 2008
235:, Jiangxi)
176:(Ancestry)
173:Birthplace
148:Membership
129:Hu Yaobang
2946:Shuanggui
2882:Groupings
2707:1955β1956
2703:1949β1955
2697:1933β1945
2693:1928β1933
2513:(2017β22)
2511:Zhao Leji
2507:(2012β17)
2501:(2007β12)
2495:(2002β07)
2483:(1987β92)
2477:(1978β87)
2471:(1955β68)
2469:Dong Biwu
2465:(1949β55)
2104:Politburo
2013:4th: 1927
1743:Education
1609:Financial
1459:Politburo
1429:Hu Jintao
1263:Bloomberg
1135:cite news
729:Chen Yun
726:Chen Yun
723:Chen Yun
720:Chen Yun
717:Chen Yun
630:Bloomberg
546:, Shaanxi
508:Guangshan
503:, Guangxi
419:Wang Zhen
411:, Shanxi
409:Dingxiang
346:, Shanxi
324:Peng Zhen
228:, Sichuan
114:Peng Zhen
2984:Category
2481:Qiao Shi
2475:Chen Yun
1594:Auditing
1267:Archived
1234:Archived
1167:Archived
1073:Archived
1038:Archived
817:Bo Yibo
814:Bo Yibo
811:Bo Yibo
808:Bo Yibo
805:Bo Yibo
587:Dongping
553:, Henan)
551:Dengzhou
510:, Henan)
446:, Hunan
316:, Hubei
314:Huang'an
244:Chen Yun
226:Guang'an
98:Chen Yun
80:allusion
2895:Tuanpai
2519:(2022β)
1663:Secrecy
1302:Reuters
887:Wan Li
864:Others
501:Nanning
444:Liuyang
389:Bo Yibo
379:Tongnan
54:Chinese
32:Chinese
3010:Octets
2705:&
2695:&
2527:Others
2463:Zhu De
1849:Yan'an
1844:Pudong
1828:Qiushi
1796:Others
1785:Office
1773:Office
1768:Taiwan
1736:Office
1668:Office
1656:Office
1629:Office
1366:Leader
1201:
973:
953:
923:
562:Wan Li
544:Fuping
274:Qingpu
233:Jishui
167:Image
106:reform
78:as an
67:BΔ lΗo
64::
62:pinyin
56::
42::
40:pinyin
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2701:7th:
2691:6th:
2517:Li Xi
1387:Bo Gu
1237:(PDF)
1226:(PDF)
1076:(PDF)
1069:(PDF)
637:Notes
344:Houma
164:Name
1275:2012
1245:2021
1199:ISBN
1175:2021
1141:link
1127:2021
1084:2021
1046:2021
971:ISBN
951:ISBN
921:ISBN
647:No.
180:Ref
112:and
100:and
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