205:. Eileen was particularly interested in testing intelligence in children "and quite early decided upon that as the subject for the thesis she would be writing". Elizaveta Fen (pen name of Lydia Jackson Jiburtovich), a fellow student who became one of O'Shaughnessy's closest friends, met her for the first time at University College: "She was twenty-eight years old and looked several years younger. She was tall and slender, her shoulders rather broad and high. She had blue eyes and dark brown, naturally wavy hair. George once said that she had 'a cat's face' – and one could see that this was true in a most attractive sense..."
1533:
383:, Orwell disguised Eileenâs role in the ILP, and suppressed her name, implying that she was there simply as a supportive spouse. But they suggest that his motive was to protect her from reprisals, especially after the publication of his anti-Stalinist book. Similarly, Quentin Kropp of the Orwell Society contends that Orwell did not mention Eileenâs name âpartly to protect her in a dangerous situationâ. Myers writes
217:
393:
they were both âILP liaison agents of POUMâ; that they believed by 1940 that there was also a Nazi arrest-list of
British leftwing intellectuals in the event of a Nazi or fascist government being installed in Britain; and that Orwell remained very nervous of Stalinist assassination attempts even after reaching Britain. Yet she cites Eileenâs other biographer
414:, says that Funder has mis-remembered the context of this quotation. Topp was talking of Eileenâs courage in assisting Orwell and his comrades to avoid probable arrest on the train from Barcelona. She did this by travelling with them, and helping them to seem not a group of soldiers escaping the war but a mixed party of rich British tourists. Topp says
242:; one evening she invited some of her friends and acquaintances to a party. One "was an attractive young woman whom Rosalind did not know especially well, although they often sat next to each other at lectures: her name was Eileen O'Shaughnessy." In her memoirs, Elizaveta Fen recalled that Orwell and his friend and mentor
1521:
462:, after which, according to Elizaveta Fen, "her grip on life, which had never been very firm, loosened considerably". She was increasingly unwell from uterine bleeding and left her job at the Ministry of Information in 1941. In December 1941 women were conscripted to work, and she began working at the
304:
that Orwellâs biographers have underrated Eileenâs achievements. Funder believes that Eileen also organised all logistics for the ILP men at the front, running, Funder says, "the supply, communications and banking operation for the entire contingent." Eileen also worked in the propaganda department,
533:
skilfully and properly administered for operation for removal of uterus." At the bottom of the report was a handwritten note, "The deceased was in a very anaemic condition." Harvey Evers did not attend the inquest. No one was charged. Eileen and
Richard had been living at Greystone at the time, with
517:
Eileen had been living with uterine bleeding for many years. In 1945 she booked herself for a hysterectomy with Dr Harvey Evers, against the advice of London doctors, who, because Eileen was anemic, would operate only after a month of blood transfusions. Eileen worried about the cost of staying in a
392:
Funder recognises that Eileen retyped drafts of Orwellâs book, and knew how she was described in it; but suggests that she was powerless to oppose his âpatriarchalâ reluctance to record her achievements. Funder concedes that George and Eileen were named in 1937 on a
Stalinist verdict, which alleged
375:
The biographer
Jeffrey Meyers, and the Orwell researcher Martin Tyrrell also reject most of Funderâs claims. They argue that it was not Eileen but the British consulate, using diplomatic immunity, that obtained from the dangerous police department the necessary visa-signatures that enabled the party
333:
Realizing that their cause had been sabotaged, Orwell, together with McNair and another ex soldier from POUMâs ILP contingent, Stafford
Cottman slept âroughâ to avoid arrest, while scrambling to get their passports and exit documents in order. Then on 15 June 1937 the whole party, including Eileen,
422:
Orwell, publishing so soon after the event, was probably constrained in what he could safely say about those who had helped in the partyâs escape from Spain. It is possible, but not proved, that Eileen (among others) played a more heroic role than Orwell describes. Any lack of crediting was at the
350:
Eileen got them both out of Spain by fronting up to the same police prefecture those men had probably been sent from, to get the visas they needed to leave. One biographer eliminates her with the passive voice, writing: 'By now, thanks to the
British consulate, their passports were in order.' In
329:
In this book Orwell disguised Eileenâs involvement in the ILP office. He does describe how, after most of POUMâs staff in
Barcelona were arrested in early June, Eileen was left free. He says that she believed she was being watched as (in his words) a âdecoy duckâ, to catch her husband. Yet she
387:
after being convicted of treason and condemned to death, he feared he could be murdered by Soviet agents whom he knew were operating in
England, and wanted to protect Eileen from dangerous reprisals by hiding her connection to POUM. Funder repeatedly calls his very real fear âparanoiaâ.
312:
After a different
Marxist faction began to control the police department in Barcelona, the political situation deteriorated. The POUM was accused of collaborating with the enemy, and by mid-June 1937 was made illegal. Orwell (on his return from the front) and Eileen were now in danger.
345:
There is debate over Orwellâs somewhat cryptic account of Eileenâs time in
Barcelona. Anna Funder believes that this is a particularly revealing example of an attempt, both by Orwell and by his biographers, to erase or minimise the importance of Eileen in his life and work:
1167:
178:. By choice there followed a succession of jobs 'of no special consequence and with no connection from one to the next', which she held briefly, and which began with work as an assistant mistress at Silchester House, a girls' boarding school in
371:
2021), criticizes this claim as part of a pattern of opinionated claims by Funder, tending to diminish Orwell and âmake him out to be a bad person, and his wife a sad one.â She sees Eileen rather as âa blithely witty, valiant figureâ.
253:(as Eric Arthur Blair and Eileen Maud O'Shaughnessy. At this time he was Orwell only in his writing, his friends knew him as Eric or Blair, and he "never quite got around to changing it"). Blair, though a non-practicing member of the
357:, Orwell mentions 'my wife' 37 times but never once names her. No character can come to life without a name. But from a wife, which is a job description, all can be stolen. I wondered what she felt as she typed those pages.
418:âHaving a British woman with them on the train added to their chances of avoiding suspicion. As they escaped safely from Catalonia that day, there is no doubt that Eileen was responsible for saving all their lives.â
334:
escaped from Barcelona by train to the French border, disguising themselves on the train as a tourist party. In France, the Orwells diverted to Banyuls-sur-Mer for a short stay, and returned to England.
322:(1938), the book in which Orwell revealed his first-hand experience of how Stalinâs agents in Spain sabotaged the socialist cause and set out to eliminate their non-Moscow-aligned Marxist allies, notably
337:
They were lucky. Orwellâs colleague Bob Smillie was stopped at the border with France, and died in prison. A Stalinist verdict of treason against George and Eileen was issued soon after their escape.
578:
Orwell originally planned to write an essay, but Eileen suggested a fable. They worked on it together in the evenings, and the Orwells' friends can see Eileen's style and humor in the novel.
257:, "was sufficiently a traditionalist to wish to be married in it". They tried to have children, but Eileen did not become pregnant, and they learned later that Orwell was sterile, as he told
158:
in the northeast of England. Her mother was Marie O'Shaughnessy and her father was Lawrence O'Shaughnessy, a customs collector. She died at the age of 39 during a hysterectomy.
403:, as supporting her own view that Eileen bravely obtained the groupâs visas, and as remarking: âThere is no doubt that Eileen was responsible for saving all of their lives.â
557:
may have been influenced by one of Eileen's poems, "End of the Century, 1984". The poem was written in 1934, to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the school she went to,
495:, which had been left empty on the death of her maiden aunt. The Blairs stayed there on occasion during 1944 and 1945. Gwen evacuated her children to the location when the
1588:
600:
208:
She was very close to her elder brother Laurence O'Shaughnessy, a thoracic surgeon, but even so, in a letter she described her brother as "one of nature's Fascists".
1583:
1563:
1593:
175:
326:. He describes how Stalinâs agents, once they gained control of the police, imprisoned or murdered several of his and Eileenâs friends or colleagues.
984:
448:
190:, London, for typing and secretarial work. When she closed the office, she took up freelance journalism and sold an occasional feature piece to the
148:
376:
to leave Spain: âThe reason none of them comments on Eileenâs visit to the chief of police is because Eileen had not visited the chief of police."
564:
Although the poem was written a year before she met Blair, there are some similarities between the futuristic vision of Eileen's poem and that in
1573:
1500:
1481:
957:
1323:
1598:
1217:
688:
610:
1463:
1435:
1307:
1267:
1242:
1189:
1152:
853:
828:
623:
But see Quentin Kopps remarks at the bottom of the article, the son of Georges Kopp, he disputes some of the facts in that article.
1205:
274:
1568:
451:
in London, and stayed during the week with her family in Greenwich. She was the main breadwinner for the Orwells at this time.
194:. She helped her brother, Laurence, a thoracic surgeon, by typing, proofreading, and editing his scientific papers and books.
1028:
231:, occupying a spare room in the first floor flat of Rosalind Henschel Obermeyer, a niece of the conductor and composer Sir
558:
296:. Orwell was soon posted to the front, while Eileen worked in Barcelona as a "French-English shorthand typist". However,
243:
167:
1511:
1384:
171:
1336:
1352:
551:
Some scholars believe that Eileen had a large influence on Orwell's writing. It is suggested that Orwell's novel
525:
under anesthetic. She was thirty-nine. In the words of the inquest: "Cardiac failure whilst under anaesthetic of
250:
239:
198:
278:
330:
eluded the vigilance of the watchers, and managed to intercept and warn Orwell when he returned to Barcelona.
306:
187:
510:
In early 1945, Eileen was in very poor health and went to stay there. Joyce Pritchard, the O'Shaughnessys'
1578:
500:
492:
470:
124:
491:
Eileen's brother, Laurence O'Shaughnessy, had married Gwen Hunton; Gwen had a property, "Greystone" near
735:
739:
1558:
1553:
553:
479:
431:
429:
received little attention during her (or his) lifetime. However, after the success of his 1949 book
1361:
1129:
522:
425:
353:
318:
227:
Eileen met Eric Blair in the spring of 1935. At the time Blair was living at 77 Parliament Hill in
71:
367:
258:
568:, including the use of mind control, and the eradication of personal freedom by a police state.
1537:
1496:
1477:
1459:
1431:
1303:
1263:
1238:
1213:
1185:
1148:
1029:âSadistic and misogynistic? Row erupts over sex claims in book about George Orwellâs marriageâ
849:
824:
473:. In one of her last letters to Eric, Eileen wrote of arrangements for renting and decorating
270:
254:
183:
1525:
700:
543:
Eileen is buried in Saint Andrew's and Jesmond Cemetery, West Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne.
463:
455:
710:
605:
232:
1044:
922:
887:
571:
Anna Funder argues that Eileen collaborated with Orwell "in a subtle, indirect way" on
474:
447:
At the start of World War II, Eileen began working in the Censorship Department of the
362:
289:
202:
705:
514:, said that Eileen had visited Greystone frequently between July 1944 and March 1945.
216:
1547:
526:
155:
140:
101:
52:
48:
249:
Blair and O'Shaughnessy married the next year, on 9 June 1936, at St Mary's Church,
246:"draped" at the fireplace, looking, she thought, "moth-eaten and prematurely aged."
182:
in the Thames valley, and included being a secretary; a reader for the elderly Dame
962:
744:
536:
435:, it was rediscovered, praised, and widely read, making it regrettable that within
288:
The small unit of up to 35 volunteers from the British Independent Labour Party or
282:
144:
573:
394:
297:
221:
1356:
999:
530:
504:
285:
paid visits to her husband, bringing him English tea, chocolate, and cigars.
1392:
496:
228:
689:"The mid-century revolution in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery: Part 1"
292:
was attached to the very large Workers' Party of Marxist Unification or
281:
who coordinated the arrival of British volunteers, and with the help of
958:"Looking for Eileen: how George Orwell wrote his wife out of his story"
459:
201:
for a two-year graduate course in educational psychology, leading to a
340:
179:
805:, by Anna Funder, Hamish Hamilton/Penguin, UK, USA, etc, 2023, p/b
398:
83:
St Andrew's and Jesmond Cemetery, West Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne
511:
469:
In June 1944 she and Eric adopted a three-week-old boy they named
238:
Rosalind Obermeyer was taking an advanced course in psychology at
215:
935:
561:, and to look ahead 50 years to the school's centenary in 1984.
503:
went there when the Blairs had been bombed out of their flat in
341:
Eileen O'Shaughnessyâs role in Spain, and Orwellâs account of it
323:
293:
139:, 25 September 1905 â 29 March 1945) was the first wife of
791:
The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell
316:
Much of the evidence for the pairâs time in Spain comes from
454:
Eileen's brother, Laurence, was killed by a bomb during the
936:
https://en.wikipedia.org/ILP_Contingent#Suppression_of_POUM
793:, Volume 1 â An Age Like This 1945â1950, p. 296 (Penguin)
1127:
See the detailed account of the bookâs later fortunes in
269:
Eileen joined Orwell in Spain in early 1937 during the
1509:
174:, where she studied English. In 1927, she received a
534:Orwell working in Paris as a war correspondent for
120:
95:
87:
79:
60:
30:
23:
946:Quoted in Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) p. 182.
305:producing the ILP's newspaper and radio show with
147:, she worked for the Censorship Department of the
1078:Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) pp. 244-45, 258
273:. Eileen volunteered for a post in the office of
1170:. Royal College of Surgeons of England. Obituary
1413:
1105:Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) pp. 405, 423.
807:(Hereafter âFunder (Hamish Hamilton editionâ.)
777:
765:
693:Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
674:
644:
632:
1168:"O'Shaughnessy, Laurence Frederick (1900â1940)
660:Fen, Elizaveta. "George Orwell's First wife".
601:"Director's odyssey over George Orwell's wife"
540:. He reached Greystone on Saturday, 31 March.
1060:Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) pp.189-90.
877:Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) p. 173-175.
8:
1018:cf. Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) p. 175.
261:, and as Eileen confided to Elizaveta Fen.
1472:Stansky, William; Abrahams, Peter (1994).
197:In the autumn of 1934, Eileen enrolled at
20:
1589:People educated at Sunderland High School
1087:Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) p. 263.
975:; cf. Funder (Hamish Hamilton) pp. 176-7.
868:Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) p. 175.
704:
1069:Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) p 182.
908:Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) p.156.
899:Funder (Hamish Hamilton edition) p. 176.
730:
728:
483:, but she died without seeing Barnhill.
1516:
592:
477:, the house where Orwell wrote most of
1584:Civil servants in the Ministry of Food
1564:British women of the Spanish Civil War
443:Return to England and Second World War
1357:"Was 1984 inspired by Orwell's wife?"
789:Letter to Eileen Blair April 1937 in
655:
653:
439:Eileen does not emerge more vividly.
186:; and the proprietor of an office in
170:. In the autumn of 1924, she entered
7:
1493:Eileen â The Making of George Orwell
1456:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
1428:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
1340:
1300:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
1260:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
1235:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
1182:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
1145:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
1002:Wifedom: Mrs Orwellâs Invisible Life
919:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
846:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
821:Wifedom: Mrs Orwell's Invisible Life
803:Wifedom: Mrs Orwellâs Invisible Life
406:However, Tyrell, reviewing Funderâs
151:in London and the Ministry of Food.
1594:Alumni of University College London
921:. UK: Random House. pp. %%% .
400:Eileen: The Making of George Orwell
379:Myers and Tyrell recognise that in
886:For more detail on this story see
14:
609:. 10 January 2013. Archived from
423:time of less importance, in that
1531:
1519:
1430:. UK: Viking. pp. 290â293.
1373:– via arlindo-correia.org.
1302:. UK: Viking. pp. 341â344.
1262:. UK: Viking. pp. 308â331.
1184:. UK: Viking. pp. 274â278.
1147:. UK: Viking. pp. 240â241.
848:. UK: Viking. pp. 117â118.
521:Eileen died on 29 March 1945 in
1212:. Timewell Press. p. 244.
361:However, the American feminist
110:
687:Naef, A. P. (September 2003).
1:
1045:âIn defence of George Orwellâ
956:Funder, Anna (30 July 2023).
740:"Another piece of the puzzle"
706:10.1016/S1569-9293(03)00130-0
559:Sunderland Church High School
547:Influence on Orwell's writing
235:and a friend of Mabel Fierz.
168:Sunderland Church High School
1574:English women civil servants
220:The home in Hampstead has a
143:(Eric Arthur Blair). During
1414:Stansky & Abrahams 1994
823:. UK: Viking. p. 116.
778:Stansky & Abrahams 1994
766:Stansky & Abrahams 1994
675:Stansky & Abrahams 1994
645:Stansky & Abrahams 1994
633:Stansky & Abrahams 1994
1615:
1324:"Hell Yeah George Orwell!"
300:, claims in her 2023 book
176:higher second-class degree
16:British writer (1905â1945)
1599:People from South Shields
1337:"End of the Century, 1984
1027:His opinion is quoted in
251:Wallington, Hertfordshire
240:University College London
199:University College London
172:St Hugh's College, Oxford
35:Eileen Maud O'Shaughnessy
1114:Quoted by Tyrell in the
809:p. 22-23, 61, 112, 405.
279:Independent Labour Party
162:Education and early life
934:Described at length in
546:
449:Ministry of Information
166:O'Shaughnessy attended
149:Ministry of Information
1569:English civil servants
1116:Dublin Review of Books
1007:Dublin Review of Books
493:Carlton, County Durham
420:
412:Dublin Review of Books
390:
359:
224:
1491:Topp, Sylvia (2020).
1454:Funder, Anna (2023).
1426:Funder, Anna (2023).
1298:Funder, Anna (2023).
1258:Funder, Anna (2023).
1233:Funder, Anna (2023).
1180:Funder, Anna (2023).
1143:Funder, Anna (2023).
1031:, by Richard Brooks,
917:Funder, Anna (2023).
844:Funder, Anna (2023).
819:Funder, Anna (2023).
416:
385:
348:
219:
1051:, 17 September 2023.
1005:, by Martin Tyrell,
738:(10 December 2005).
566:Nineteen Eighty-Four
554:Nineteen Eighty-Four
518:hospital that long.
480:Nineteen Eighty-Four
432:Nineteen Eighty-Four
277:, the leader of the
91:Eileen O'Shaughnessy
1495:. London: Unbound.
1362:The Daily Telegraph
1130:Homage to Catalonia
1035:, 12 November 2023.
923:ISBN: 9780143787112
768:, pp. 100â101.
664:. pp. 115â126.
635:, pp. 104â105.
613:on 26 February 2014
523:Newcastle upon Tyne
437:Homage to Catalonia
426:Homage to Catalonia
397:, in her 2020 book
381:Homage to Catalonia
319:Homage to Catalonia
72:Newcastle upon Tyne
1474:The Unknown Orwell
1355:(4 January 2000).
259:Rayner Heppenstall
225:
1502:978-1-78352-708-3
1483:978-0-09-473460-9
662:Twentieth Century
499:raids began, and
271:Spanish Civil War
265:Spanish Civil War
255:Church of England
184:Elizabeth Cadbury
133:Eileen Maud Blair
130:
129:
45:25 September 1905
1606:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1506:
1487:
1442:
1441:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1391:. Archived from
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1349:
1343:
1339:", extract from
1334:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1283:Crick, Bernard.
1280:
1274:
1273:
1255:
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1248:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1202:
1196:
1195:
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1042:
1036:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1009:, February 2024.
997:
991:
990:, 3 August 2023.
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976:
974:
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953:
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787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
732:
723:
722:
720:
718:
709:. Archived from
708:
684:
678:
672:
666:
665:
657:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
622:
620:
618:
597:
464:Ministry of Food
154:She was born in
114:
112:
88:Other names
67:
44:
42:
21:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1544:
1543:
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1510:
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1471:
1466:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1395:on 22 July 2012
1383:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1310:
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1281:
1277:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1210:The Lost Orwell
1204:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1179:
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1174:
1166:
1162:
1155:
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1026:
1022:
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998:
994:
983:
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950:
945:
941:
933:
929:
916:
912:
907:
903:
898:
894:
885:
881:
876:
872:
867:
863:
856:
843:
842:
838:
831:
818:
817:
813:
801:
797:
788:
784:
776:
772:
764:
760:
750:
748:
734:
733:
726:
716:
714:
686:
685:
681:
673:
669:
659:
658:
651:
643:
639:
631:
627:
616:
614:
606:Shields Gazette
599:
598:
594:
589:
584:
549:
489:
471:Richard Horatio
445:
343:
267:
233:George Henschel
214:
188:Victoria Street
164:
116:
113: 1936)
108:
104:
75:
69:
65:
56:
46:
40:
38:
37:
36:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1601:
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1576:
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1566:
1561:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1488:
1482:
1469:
1464:
1458:. UK: Viking.
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1418:
1416:, p. 151.
1406:
1376:
1344:
1329:
1315:
1308:
1290:
1287:. p. 476.
1285:Orwell: A Life
1275:
1268:
1250:
1243:
1237:. UK: Viking.
1225:
1219:978-1857252149
1218:
1206:Davison, Peter
1197:
1190:
1172:
1160:
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1096:Unbound, 2020.
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1053:
1037:
1020:
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977:
948:
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901:
892:
888:ILP Contingent
879:
870:
861:
854:
836:
829:
811:
795:
782:
780:, p. 179.
770:
758:
724:
713:on 8 July 2008
679:
677:, p. 107.
667:
649:
647:, p. 106.
637:
625:
591:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
548:
545:
507:in June 1944.
488:
485:
475:Barnhill, Jura
444:
441:
368:Orwellâs Roses
363:Rebecca Solnit
342:
339:
266:
263:
213:
210:
203:Master of Arts
163:
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128:
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118:
117:
106:
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68:(aged 39)
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34:
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15:
13:
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3:
2:
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1587:
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1579:George Orwell
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1504:
1498:
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1479:
1476:. Constable.
1475:
1470:
1467:
1465:9780241482728
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
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1439:
1437:9780241482728
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1309:9780241482728
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1269:9780241482728
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1244:9780241482728
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1191:9780241482728
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981:
978:
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905:
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865:
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855:9780241482728
851:
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830:9780241482728
826:
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815:
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799:
796:
792:
786:
783:
779:
774:
771:
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747:
746:
741:
737:
736:Taylor, D. J.
731:
729:
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712:
707:
702:
698:
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581:
579:
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569:
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560:
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544:
541:
539:
538:
532:
528:
524:
519:
515:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
497:"flying-bomb"
494:
486:
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177:
173:
169:
161:
159:
157:
156:South Shields
152:
150:
146:
142:
141:George Orwell
138:
137:O'Shaughnessy
134:
126:
125:Richard Blair
123:
119:
103:
102:George Orwell
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
80:Resting place
78:
73:
64:29 March 1945
63:
59:
54:
53:County Durham
50:
49:South Shields
33:
29:
22:
19:
1492:
1473:
1455:
1427:
1421:
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:the original
1388:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1360:
1353:Peter Foster
1347:
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1234:
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1092:
1083:
1074:
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1056:
1048:
1040:
1033:The Guardian
1032:
1023:
1014:
1006:
1001:
995:
986:
980:
967:. Retrieved
963:The Observer
961:
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918:
913:
904:
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845:
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749:. Retrieved
745:The Guardian
743:
715:. Retrieved
711:the original
696:
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661:
640:
628:
615:. Retrieved
611:the original
604:
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537:The Observer
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283:Georges Kopp
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244:Richard Rees
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196:
192:Evening News
191:
165:
153:
145:World War II
136:
132:
131:
66:(1945-03-29)
25:Eileen Blair
18:
1559:1945 deaths
1554:1905 births
1118:, as above.
1049:The Article
985:Posting on
969:15 November
699:: 219â226.
574:Animal Farm
395:Sylvia Topp
365:(author of
307:Charles Orr
298:Anna Funder
275:John McNair
222:blue plaque
1548:Categories
1538:Literature
1399:1 February
751:31 January
617:1 February
582:References
531:chloroform
505:Maida Vale
456:evacuation
41:1905-09-25
1526:Biography
1341:Topp 2020
925:, p.###
587:Citations
229:Hampstead
74:, England
55:, England
1365:. London
1208:(2007).
1000:Review:
212:Marriage
121:Children
1512:Portals
1449:Sources
1389:k-1.com
987:Wifedom
717:24 June
501:Richard
460:Dunkirk
410:in the
408:Wifedom
302:Wifedom
115:
107:
1499:
1480:
1462:
1434:
1369:4 July
1306:
1266:
1241:
1216:
1188:
1151:
852:
827:
354:Homage
180:Taplow
96:Spouse
527:ether
512:nanny
487:Death
458:from
135:(née
109:(
105:
1497:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1401:2014
1371:2023
1304:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1149:ISBN
971:2023
850:ISBN
825:ISBN
753:2014
719:2012
619:2014
529:and
324:POUM
294:POUM
61:Died
31:Born
701:doi
290:ILP
1550::
1387:.
1359:.
1047:,
960:.
742:.
727:^
695:.
691:.
652:^
603:.
466:.
309:.
111:m.
51:,
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1194:.
1157:.
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890:.
858:.
833:.
755:.
721:.
703::
697:2
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576:.
43:)
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
