201:, London, which later developed into a fruit farm. The produce was sold fresh or in bottles. Due to rationing, Gallagher was unable to source enough sugar to make jam, so she applied for a jam-making sugar quota from the government in 1919. Having been denied that application, she was offered a sugar quota to make chocolate. She had no previous experience in making sweets, but accepted the quota and experimented successfully in her kitchen. The Gallaghers attended the Glasgow Confectionery Exhibition in 1920, and consulted with an owner of a Dundee sweet factory on machinery. They purchased machinery for their small chocolate factory and determined they would produce assorted chocolates using a Dutch technique known as
241:, the new border was at the end of their garden. Their business was greatly impacted by the two new jurisdictions, with difficult new customs regulations and disruption to transport across the new border. The Urney factory was gutted by fire twice, first in March 1921, and then in February 1924. In 1924, the Irish Free State had imposed duties on imported confectionery, so Gallaghers decided to use the insurance money to move the factory further south in the Irish Free State. At first, no Irish banks would lend the Gallaghers money, so they resolved to emigrate to Canada. Before this, her husband lobbied
245:, the Irish head of government, for support. Cosgrave wanted to nurture Irish enterprise, and arranged a loan and lease of a decommissioned British aerodrome at Tallaght, County Dublin, which the Gallaghers later bought. Though she remained active in the business, after the relocation, her husband largely took over the running of the business.
212:
Gallagher was the company's first commercial traveller, and is believed to be the first woman in
Ireland to undertake such a position. In the beginning, her male contemporaries ostracised her, but she eventually won a number of them over. She developed relationships with shopkeepers across Ireland
221:
from 1922 to 1923, travelling in
Ireland was hazardous, resulting in Gallagher needing two passes to travel, one for Free State roadblocks, and the second for Republican ones. After the destruction of a bridge in
196:
in 1918. From there
Gallagher started a market garden to create employment, as the area was suffering from high rates of emigration. Her first output was gathering bundles of snowdrops and ivy leaves to export to
148:, outside New Ross, County Wexford. Her parents were John Baptist and Mary Ellen Cullen (née Redmond). She was the youngest of 16 children. Her paternal uncle was Fr
490:
485:
475:
460:
156:. The family were wealthy, but owing to her father's obsession with organ playing, he spent his inherited wealth. The family moved to a smaller home at
455:
349:
233:
The
Gallaghers' company was the only chocolate manufacturer based in Ireland, but due to its Irish nature was not popular in what would become
261:. They birds became a popular choice for Christmas dinners, and at the farm's peak in the mid 1950s, it was producing 3,000 birds a year.
253:
Gallagher remained active on the farm and gardens of Urney House, founding a poultry farm and growing pears. She introduced the
480:
316:
465:
300:
169:
133:
91:
264:
Gallagher died in Urney House on 8 October 1976, and was buried with her husband at St
Maelruan's churchyard, Tallaght.
400:
214:
226:, Gallagher had to wade across a river and be given a lift into town on a manure cart. Following an ambush in
470:
136:. She is believed to have been the first woman to work as a commercial sales representative in Ireland.
450:
445:
202:
193:
257:
into
Ireland in 1950, when she smuggled some fertilised eggs through customs on her return from the
149:
401:"Object of the Week - 'Any Time is Urney Time' Clock from the Ormonde Cinema, Dungarvan, 1940s"
181:
157:
152:, the founder of the Pioneer Total Abstinence Association. Her mother was a younger sister of
102:
238:
234:
206:
177:
129:
218:
242:
45:
439:
258:
254:
198:
176:, County Donegal. They had three children, Edward, who became a surgeon in England,
227:
153:
112:
73:
375:
192:
The
Gallaghers bought a large former Church of Ireland rectory on five acres in
173:
165:
145:
128:; 9 September 1887 - 8 October 1976) was an Irish businesswoman who founded
41:
350:"Sweet memories of Urney Chocolates and the return of the Two and Two bar"
205:. They hired a Dutch expert to train the employees, and incorporated as
223:
161:
144:
Eileen
Gallagher was born Helen Mary Cullen on 9 September 1887 in
213:
which formed a solid customer base for their company. During the
298:
Gallagher, Redmond". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.).
172:
in 1906, and the couple went to live at
Dunwiley House,
294:
Clavin, Terry (2009). "Eileen (Helen Mary) Gallagher
184:, who was a businessman and motor-racing enthusiast.
164:, and her mother supported the family by becoming a
108:
97:
87:
79:
69:
53:
30:
23:
317:"The Leading Manufacturing Firms in 1920s Dublin"
180:, who went on to become a children's author, and
430:Sweet Memories: The Story of Urney Chocolates
237:. When Ireland was partitioned to create the
8:
344:
342:
340:
20:
304:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
209:. The company had 40 employees by 1924.
273:
7:
230:, she witnessed a mound of corpses.
64:Urney House, Tallaght, County Dublin
491:Businesspeople in the food industry
217:of 1919 to 1921 and the subsequent
486:Businesspeople from County Donegal
476:Businesspeople from County Wexford
14:
461:20th-century Irish businesspeople
456:20th-century Irish businesswomen
1:
301:Dictionary of Irish Biography
507:
324:Old Dublin Society Journal
481:People from Stranorlar
354:The Strabane Chronicle
315:Barry, Frank (2017).
140:Early life and family
466:People from New Ross
428:Nolan, Karen (2010)
255:White Holland turkey
249:Later life and death
207:Urney Chocolates Ltd
16:Irish businesswoman
432:, Blue Rook Press.
376:"Urney Chocolates"
158:Kenilworth Square
132:with her husband
126:Helen Mary Cullen
119:
118:
35:Helen Mary Cullen
498:
416:
415:
413:
411:
405:Waterford Museum
397:
391:
390:
388:
386:
372:
366:
365:
363:
361:
346:
335:
334:
332:
330:
321:
312:
306:
305:
291:
239:Irish Free State
235:Northern Ireland
130:Urney Chocolates
122:Eileen Gallagher
60:
38:9 September 1887
25:Eileen Gallagher
21:
506:
505:
501:
500:
499:
497:
496:
495:
436:
435:
425:
423:Further reading
420:
419:
409:
407:
399:
398:
394:
384:
382:
374:
373:
369:
359:
357:
348:
347:
338:
328:
326:
319:
314:
313:
309:
293:
292:
275:
270:
251:
215:Anglo-Irish war
190:
170:Henry Gallagher
142:
134:Harry Gallagher
92:Harry Gallagher
65:
62:
58:
49:
39:
37:
36:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
504:
502:
494:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
471:Redmond family
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
438:
437:
434:
433:
424:
421:
418:
417:
392:
367:
356:. 12 June 2013
336:
307:
272:
271:
269:
266:
250:
247:
243:W. T. Cosgrave
189:
186:
168:. She married
141:
138:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
63:
61:(aged 89)
57:8 October 1976
55:
51:
50:
46:County Wexford
40:
34:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
503:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
441:
431:
427:
426:
422:
406:
402:
396:
393:
381:
377:
371:
368:
355:
351:
345:
343:
341:
337:
325:
318:
311:
308:
303:
302:
297:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
274:
267:
265:
262:
260:
259:United States
256:
248:
246:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
220:
216:
210:
208:
204:
200:
199:Covent Garden
195:
187:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:3, including
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:businesswoman
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
56:
52:
47:
43:
33:
29:
22:
19:
429:
408:. Retrieved
404:
395:
383:. Retrieved
380:Graces Guide
379:
370:
358:. Retrieved
353:
327:. Retrieved
323:
310:
299:
295:
263:
252:
232:
228:Castleisland
211:
191:
154:John Redmond
150:James Cullen
143:
125:
121:
120:
113:John Redmond
59:(1976-10-08)
18:
451:1976 deaths
446:1887 births
70:Nationality
440:Categories
268:References
203:couverture
174:Stranorlar
166:seamstress
80:Occupation
219:Civil War
146:Rosbercon
109:Relatives
48:, Ireland
42:Rosbercon
98:Children
410:31 July
385:31 July
360:31 July
329:31 July
182:Redmond
115:(uncle)
103:Redmond
224:Dingle
188:Career
162:Dublin
124:(born
88:Spouse
320:(PDF)
194:Urney
178:Helen
74:Irish
412:2020
387:2020
362:2020
331:2020
54:Died
31:Born
442::
403:.
378:.
352:.
339:^
322:.
296:In
276:^
160:,
44:,
414:.
389:.
364:.
333:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.