426:
450:
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40:
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110.71 sq mi) includes a cross section of the altitudes and climates of the area, especially the cloud forest. The remainder of the reserve is a buffer zone in which human activities, including limited logging, is permitted. Several communities within the reserve offer facilities for visitors and are reachable by road. An ecological interpretive center is reached by paved road a few miles west of the town of
63:
256:
363:, distinguished by heavy precipitation, foggy conditions, and abundant mosses and fungi, at elevations of 800 metres (2,600 ft) to 1,400 metres (4,600 ft). The El Cielo cloud forests receive precipitation of about 2,500 millimetres (98 in) annually. The closed canopy forests reach a height of about 30 metres (98 ft).
425:
356:) are found at elevations of from 200 metres (660 ft) and 800 metres (2,600 ft) above sea level. The closed canopy forests averages about 20 metres (66 ft) in height. Annual precipitation of this zone is usually from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) to more than 1,800 millimetres (71 in).
373:
All of the vegetation types experience a wet season from May to
October and a dry season from November to April. More than 1,000 species of plants have been recorded from the cloud forests consisting of 56 percent tropical species, 20 percent temperate, 19 percent cosmopolitan, and 5 percent other.
499:
The large cats, jaguars and mountain lions, are generally regarded favorably by the people living in the reserve. Mountain lions are more often seen in the cloud forests and the higher elevations of the reserve, while jaguars are more common in the lower-elevation tropical forests. Camera traps set
302:
The highest point in the reserve is 7,719 feet (2,353 m) located at 23 14N, 99 30W. The lowest elevations are about 200 metres (660 ft) at the eastern, northern, and southern boundaries. The reserve is characterized by steep, north-south trending mountain ranges, eastern extensions of the
263:
The 144,530-hectare (357,100-acre; 558.0 sq mi) reserve has two core areas in which most human travel and exploitation are prohibited. One, 7,844 hectares (19,380 acres; 30.29 sq mi) in area, protects tropical forests while the larger core area of 28,674 hectares (70,850 acres;
449:
1195:
at the northwestern entrance to the reserve receives only 17.9 inches (450 mm) of precipitation annually and has a semi-arid, near-desert climate. Freezing temperatures are rare at the lower elevations of El Cielo, but common in winter at elevations of more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft)
202:
The El Cielo area attracted little attention until the 1930s. In 1935, A Canadian farmer and horticulturalist named John
William Francis (Frank, Francisco, or Pancho) Harrison established a homestead he named Rancho El Cielo at 1,140 metres (3,740 ft) elevation in the cloud forest. Noted
500:
out in tropical forests photographed eight male, female, and juvenile jaguars in a survey area of 135 square kilometres (52 sq mi). The investigators estimated a density of six jaguars per 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi). The principal prey animals of the jaguar are the
437:
1014:
370:), mixed oak-pine forest, and pine forests are found at elevations of 700 metres (2,300 ft) to the top of highest summits in the reserve. These forested highland areas are drier than the cloud forests with an average precipitation of 850 millimetres (33 in) annually.
996:
796:
815:
227:
in any region or discipline, "a classic treatise in historical biogeography". Extensive logging and roads penetrated the area in the 1950s. In 1965, to protect the ecosystem, Harrison transferred his land to a non-profit corporation in cooperation with
851:
833:
534:
At least 255 species of birds are resident in the reserve and more than 175 migratory species have been recorded. The area is very rich in bird diversity, just a few of the tropical species occurring in the area include the bare-throated tiger-heron
869:
1032:
340:
Several distinct vegetation types are found in the reserve. Vegetation in the drier northern and western portions of the reserve up to an elevation of 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) consists of desert and semi-desert shrublands, the montane
1187:, to the east, is typical of the lower and wetter elevations of the reserve. Higher elevations are substantially cooler and precipitation declines rapidly on the western slopes of the mountains. The Sierra Madre Oriental create a
1068:
182:
in Mexico. It has an area of 144,530 hectares (357,100 acres; 558.0 sq mi) made up mostly of steep mountains rising from about 200 metres (660 ft) to a maximum altitude of more than 2,300 metres (7,500 ft).
291:(hamlets with communal land) and about 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres; 31 sq mi) of agricultural land used mostly to cultivate corn, beans, and rice. The principal access is a road, initially paved, from the town of
1092:
environment do not support a large fish diversity, lower elevation tributaries in the Rio
Guayalejo drainage, such as the Rio Sabinas and Rio Frio and associated springs and creeks contain species like the longnose gar
1050:
349:. Shrubs and small trees generally do not exceed 5 metres (16 ft) in height except in riparian locations. Annual precipitation in the shrublands is less than 1,000 millimetres (39 in).
1817:
Downey, Patricia J.; Hellgren, Eric C.; Caso, Arturo; Carvajal, Sasha; Frangioso, Kerri (2007). "Hair Snares for
Noninvasive Sampling of Felids in North America: Do Gray Foxes Affect Success?".
1696:
Martin, Paul S. 1958. A Biogeography of
Reptiles and Amphibians in the Gómez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 101: 1-102.
2056:
239:
Harrison's farm is now the El Cielo
Biological Research Center (or Rancho del Cielo). In 1983, the Gorgas Science Foundation established Rancho El Cielito by purchasing land along the
2051:
1705:
Adler, Kraig. (2012). Contributions to the
History of Herpetology, Vol. III. Contributions to Herpetology Vol. 29. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 564 pp.
1640:
Mexican Birds: First
Impressions Based Upon an Ornithological Expedition to Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and Coahuila with an Appendix Briefly Describing all Mexican Birds
2000:
55:
1184:
292:
280:
93:
39:
2031:
268:. The interpretive center, located at an elevation of 360 metres (1,180 ft) offers good views of the tropical forest and facilities for visitors.
649:) and several species of turtles occur in Tamaulipas, they are largely absent from the mountain slopes of El Cielo, however, the Mexican box turtle (
105:
299:(also known as Altas Cimas), at an elevation of 910 metres (2,990 ft) has modest lodging and restaurants for visitors. Camping is allowed.
2036:
367:
2046:
1710:
1629:
Sutton, George Miksch and Olin Sewall
Pettingill Jr. (1942). Birds of the Gomez Farias Region, Southwestern Tamaulipas. The Auk, 59(1): 1-34.
455:
Mountain streams disappear into fissures and sinkholes then reappear and disappear again throughout the karstic environment (12 August 2004).
1852:
1680:
Martin, Paul S. (1955). Herpetological
Records from the Gómez Farias Region of Southwestern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Copeia 1955(3): 173-180.
1572:
1988:
1958:
1925:
1660:
2066:
2041:
1175:) is known only from subterranean waters and has been collected by cave drivers at depths of 50 meters in Rio Frio cave systems.
443:
The few roads in the cloud forest of El Cielo Biosphere Reserve are suitable for four-wheel drive vehicles only (12 August 2004).
215:
region and found their way to Harrison's small ranch followed by a succession of ornithological publications. Sutton's protégé,
2061:
219:
also conducted extensive fieldwork in the region from 1948 to 1953, publishing herpetological studies that culminated with his
191:
431:
The road into the cloud forest at El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Municipality of Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas, Mexico (16 April 2001)
265:
212:
175:
1729:
1597:
505:
895:
1671:
Martin, Paul S. (1955). Zonal Distribution of Vertebrates in a Mexican Cloud Forest. American Naturalist 89: 347-361.
659:
recorded 24 species of lizards and 44 snakes. Lizards include lower elevation species like the casque-headed lizard (
186:
The state of Tamaulipas protected the area in 1985 and in 1987 it was formally recognized as a biosphere reserve by
1143:
947:
208:
1969:
García de León, Francisco J., Delladira Gutiérrez Tirado, Dean A. Hendrickson, and Héctor Espinosa Pérez (2005).
1749:
965:
913:
621:
615:
233:
1076:
971:
901:
841:
726:
597:
1725:, Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001, pp. 113-118; "Gomez Farias Region and El Cielo Biosphere Reserve",
1004:
543:
229:
1022:
925:
907:
353:
1155:
986:
980:
633:
627:
591:
328:
304:
163:
1853:
http://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=3594&ftrCountry=MX&ftrKeyword=&ftrBGCImem=&ftrIAReg=
1149:
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959:
823:
703:
667:
645:
346:
204:
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744:
656:
537:
493:
398:
342:
333:
272:
216:
1203:
Climate data for Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas. 23 03 N, 99 09W. Elevation: 327 metres (1,073 ft)
1834:
1119:
1095:
953:
941:
780:
651:
284:
374:
Included are species associated with the temperate climate of the eastern United States such as
1984:
1954:
1921:
1706:
1656:
1113:
1058:
931:
762:
756:
738:
712:
561:
555:
408:
276:
1891:
Carrera-Trevino, Rogelio; Lira-Torres, Ivan; Martinez-Garcia, Luis; Lopez-Hernandez, Martha.
1569:
1826:
1161:
859:
774:
679:
603:
517:
513:
323:
1938:
New Distributional Records for Amphibians and Reptiles from the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico
1753:
1733:
1601:
1576:
1040:
919:
750:
573:
549:
509:
496:
is also present. Both birds and mammals are a mixture of temperate and tropical species.
271:
The reserve occupies portions of four Mexican municipalities in the state of Tamaulipas:
1766:
786:
609:
525:
255:
221:
Biogeography of Reptiles and Amphibians in the Gómez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico
2025:
1463:
877:
768:
721:
579:
473:
240:
1838:
1726:
1594:
585:
501:
360:
224:
179:
17:
1971:
Fishes of the Continental Waters of Tamaulipas: Diversity and Conservation Status
1804:
1791:
1188:
1166:
1107:
697:
388:
1867:"Attitudes toward Jaguars and Pumas in the El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Mexico"
1617:. Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology, Occasional Paper No. 3: 1-46.
804:
691:
685:
677:). Higher elevations support populations of banded arboreal alligator lizard (
661:
567:
485:
171:
82:
1615:
A list of birds observed on the 1938 Semple Expedition to northeastern Mexico
359:
The principal reason for the establishment of El Cielo was the prevalence of
120:
107:
1171:
416:
308:
296:
1137:
1131:
1125:
673:
393:
352:
In the eastern part of the reserve, sub-tropical semi-deciduous forests (
244:
178:. The reserve protects the northernmost extension of tropical forest and
923:). Frogs and toads from the region include the Rio Grande leopard frog (
1893:"El Jaguar en la Reserva de la biosfera 'El Cielo,' Tamaulipas, Mexico"
1089:
890:
732:
717:
521:
419:
is located in Alta Cima at an elevation of 800 metres (2,600 ft).
383:
236:. In 1966, Harrison was murdered in a land dispute with local farmers.
1044:), El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas, Mexico (27 September 2004).
1979:
Jean-Luc E. Cartron, Gerardo Ceballos, and Richard S. Felger (eds.).
1830:
1746:
489:
481:
477:
469:
403:
187:
167:
1936:
Farr, William L., Pablo A. Lavin-Murcio, and David Lazcano. (2007).
1892:
1765:
Sosa Florescano, Alejandra, "El Cielo: A Reserve Teeming with Life"
207:
began fieldwork in Mexico in the late 1930s, and by 1941 Sutton and
1745:"Rancho El Cielo and Rancho El Cielito", Gorgas Science Foundation
1008:), El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas, Mexico (12 August 2004).
809:), El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas, Mexico (12 August 2004).
1866:
1655:. Paul S. Eriksson, Inc. Publisher, New York, New York xvii, 184.
375:
322:
312:
288:
254:
951:), and predominantly subterranean species like the barking frog (
2001:"Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)"
1625:
1623:
1566:
Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad
1026:), El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas, Mexico (25 May 2005).
905:). Other species include the Tamaulipan false brook salamander (
863:), El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas, Mexico (27 May 2005).
1953:. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, Illinois. xxv, 490 pp.
528:. In addition the jaguar sometimes preys on domestic animals.
468:
Six species of cats, none abundant, are found in the reserve:
1983:. Oxford University Press, Inc. New York, N. Y. xvi, 496 pp.
1981:
Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Conservation in Northern Mexico
720:
to El Cielo. Other snake snakes include the boa constrictor (
315:
topography, caves, sinkholes, and rock outcrops are common.
1918:
A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Cantral America
1570:
http://www2.inecc.gob.mx/publicaciones/libros/2/cielo.html
295:
into the interior and higher elevations. The community of
259:
A map of El Cielo Biosphere Reserve in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
223:, considered by some to be one of the finer examples of a
1949:
Miller, R. R., W. L. Minckley, and S. M. Norris. (2005).
772:). Venomous snakes like the Tamaulipas rock rattlesnake (
845:), El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Mexico (12 August 2004).
1613:
Sutton, George Miksch and Thomas D. Burleigh. (1939).
1593:"Gomez Farias Region and El Cielo Biosphere Reserve",
827:), Municipality of Victoria, Tamaulipas (12 July 2004)
1767:
http://www.revistascisan.unam.mx/Voices/pdfs/6822.pdf
893:
salamanders are known from, the El Cielo salamander (
881:), Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas, Mexico (23 August 2007).
1062:), Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas, Mexico (8 August 2004).
655:) has been recorded at lower elevation in the area.
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
144:
136:
99:
89:
78:
32:
1080:), Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas, Mexico (5 June 2002).
243:, just outside the reserve, to preserve part of a
62:
784:) occur in the cloud forest, and the terciopelo (
2057:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
1920:. Oxford University Press. Oxford. xvi, 851 pp.
1727:http://www.botany.si.edu/projects/cpd/ma/ma9.htm
1595:http://www.botany.si.edu/projects/cpd/ma/ma9.htm
1851:"Botanical Gardens Conservation International"
1777:
1775:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1536:Source: Weatherbase: Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas.
1805:http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0176
1792:http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na1311
211:embarked on a series of extended stays in the
1165:), an all female species, reproduces through
8:
2052:Protected areas of the Sierra Madre Oriental
1199:
29:
963:). At lower elevations the sabinal frog (
911:), broadfoot mushroomtongue salamander (
701:), and the flathead knob-scaled lizard (
140:144,530 hectares (558.0 sq mi)
1940:. Herpetological Review 38(2): 226-233.
1549:
1088:Although the steep mountain slopes and
992:
899:) and graceful flat-footed salamander (
792:
421:
1916:Howell, S. N. G. and S. Webb. (1995).
1865:Tiefenbacher, John; Teinert, Brian P.
368:Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests
766:), and the terrestrial snail sucker (
94:Gómez Farías Municipality, Tamaulipas
7:
790:) can be found on the lower slopes.
710:The Tamaulipan montane gartersnake (
77:
1020:Tamaulipan false brook salamander (
332:, an important food source for the
44:Cloud forest vegetation in El Cielo
1747:http://www.gsfinc.org/focus/mexico
875:Central American boa constrictor (
695:), Madrean tropical night lizard (
336:which migrate through the reserve.
25:
2032:Tourist attractions in Tamaulipas
1067:
1049:
1031:
1013:
995:
868:
850:
832:
814:
795:
665:), Mexican spiny-tailed iguana (
448:
436:
424:
61:
54:
38:
1638:Sutton, George Miksch. (1951).
1002:Chunky false brook salamander (
192:Man and the Biosphere Programme
160:Reserva de la Biosfera El Cielo
143:
88:
1819:Journal of Wildlife Management
1642:. University of Oklahoma Press
945:), long-footed chirping frog (
754:), Gaige’s pine forest snake (
643:Although Morelet’s crocodile (
162:in Spanish) is located in the
1:
2037:Protected areas of Tamaulipas
857:Tamaulipan Rock Rattlesnake (
778:) and Totonacan rattlesnake (
689:), Dice’s short-nosed skink (
631:), yellow-throated euphonia (
619:), ivory-billed woodcreeper (
2047:Biosphere reserves of Mexico
1653:At a Bend in a Mexican River
821:Flathead knob-scaled lizard(
506:Central American red brocket
166:in the southern part of the
70:Location in northeast Mexico
1951:Freshwater Fishes of Mexico
1721:Webster, Fred and Marie S.
1392:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1252:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1147:), and variable platyfish (
984:), and the burrowing toad (
957:) and Adorned Robber frog (
896:Chiropterotriton cieloensis
613:), pale-billed woodpecker (
2083:
1535:
1202:
1144:Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl
948:Eleutherodactylus longipes
802:Dice’s short-nosed skink (
209:Olin Sewall Pettingill Jr.
156:El Cielo Biosphere Reserve
33:El Cielo Biosphere Reserve
1803:"Veracruz Moist Forests"
1461:
1391:
1321:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1159:), and the Amazon molly (
966:Leptodactylus melanonotus
935:), small-eared treefrog (
917:) and Bell’s salamander (
914:Bolitoglossa platydactyla
839:Northern speckled racer (
742:), Mexican parrot snake (
736:), blunthead tree snake (
730:), mountain earth snake (
622:Xiphorhynchus flavigaster
616:Campephilus guatemalensis
595:), green-breasted mango (
571:), yellow-headed parrot (
234:Gorgas Science Foundation
49:
37:
27:Natural reserve in Mexico
1169:. The phantom blindcat (
1077:Trachycephalus typhonius
902:Chiropterotriton cracens
842:Drymobius margaritiferus
760:), tropical tree snake (
727:Drymobius margaritiferus
607:), blue-crowned motmot (
598:Anthracothorax prevostii
492:. A small population of
2067:Cloud forests of Mexico
2042:Geography of Tamaulipas
1141:), mountain swordtail (
1005:Aquiloeurycea cephalica
683:), minor spiny lizard (
671:), and rainbow ameiva (
544:Cochlearius cochlearius
415:A botanical garden and
230:Texas Southmost College
2062:Veracruz moist forests
1855:, accessed 22 Dec 2014
1807:, accessed 18 Dec 2014
1794:, accessed 18 Dec 2014
1790:"Tamaulipan Matorral"
1769:, accessed 18 Dec 2014
1756:, accessed 23 Dec 2014
1736:, accessed 18 Dec 2014
1604:, accessed 18 Dec 2014
1579:, accessed 18 Dec 2014
1023:Aquiloeurycea scandens
939:), mountain treefrog (
926:Lithobates berlandieri
908:Aquiloeurycea scandens
769:Tropidodipsas sartorii
698:Lepidophyma sylvaticum
553:), ornate hawk-eagle (
541:), boat-billed heron (
354:Veracruz moist forests
337:
260:
1156:Poecilia latipunctata
987:Rhinophrynus dorsalis
981:Hypopachus variolosus
929:), Mexican treefrog (
748:), brown vine snake (
733:Geophis latifrontalis
674:Holcosus amphigrammus
634:Euphonia hirundinacea
628:Thamnophilus doliatus
625:), barred antshrike (
592:Nyctibius jamaicensis
329:Asclepias curassavica
326:
305:Sierra Madre Oriental
258:
164:Sierra Madre Oriental
1723:The Road to El Cielo
1651:Sutton, G. M. 1972.
1191:effect. The town of
1150:Xiphophorus variatus
1129:), Forlón gambusia (
1102:Cyprinella lutrensis
969:), veined treefrog (
960:Craugastor decoratus
937:Rheohyla miotympanum
824:Xenosaurus platyceps
704:Xenosaurus platyceps
668:Ctenosaura acanthura
646:Crocodylus moreletii
601:), mountain trogon (
583:), squirrel cuckoo (
347:Tamaulipan mezquital
287:. Within it are 26
205:George Miksch Sutton
2005:www.weatherbase.com
1322:Daily mean °C (°F)
1193:Jaumave, Tamaulipas
1172:Prietella lundbergi
1105:), lantern minnow (
1038:Bell’s salamander (
745:Leptophis mexicanus
724:), speckled racer (
662:Laemanctus serratus
589:), northern potoo (
577:), military macaw (
565:), great curassow (
547:), plumbeous kite (
538:Tigrisoma mexicanum
399:Carpinus tropicalis
343:Tamaulipan matorral
334:monarch butterflies
117: /
1752:2014-12-25 at the
1732:2015-03-05 at the
1600:2015-03-05 at the
1575:2014-12-18 at the
1135:), Gulf gambusia (
1123:), gold gambusia (
1120:Astyanax mexicanus
1117:), Mexican tetra (
1096:Lepisosteus osseus
1056:Mexican treefrog (
954:Craugastor augusti
942:Dryophytes eximius
781:Crotalus totonacus
652:Terrapene mexicana
338:
261:
18:El Cielo Biosphere
1711:978-0-916984-82-3
1540:
1539:
1153:), Tamesí molly (
1114:Notropis tropicus
1111:), pigmy shiner (
1074:Veined treefrog (
1059:Smilisca baudinii
932:Smilisca baudinii
763:Spilotes pullatus
757:Rhadinaea gaigeae
739:Imantodes cenchoa
713:Thamnophis mendax
562:Falco rufigularis
556:Spizaetus ornatus
409:Cercis canadensis
174:near the town of
152:
151:
90:Nearest town
16:(Redirected from
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1162:Poecilia formosa
1138:Gambusia vittata
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999:
990:) may be found.
872:
860:Crotalus morulus
854:
836:
818:
799:
775:Crotalus morulus
692:Plestiodon dicei
686:Sceloporus minor
680:Abronia taeniata
604:Trogon mexicanus
518:collared peccary
514:Virginia opossum
452:
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345:and the lowland
277:Llera de Canales
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1183:The climate of
1181:
1132:Gambusia regani
1126:Gambusia aurata
1099:), red shiner (
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1041:Isthmura bellii
1036:
1027:
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855:
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837:
828:
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751:Oxybelis aeneus
574:Amazona oratrix
559:), bat falcon (
550:Ictinia plumbea
510:white-tail deer
463:
456:
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978:, sheep frog (
972:Trachycephalus
884:
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722:Boa imperator
610:Momotus momota
526:great curassow
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366:Oak forests, (
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217:Paul S. Martin
203:ornithologist
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126:23.06; -99.20
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57:
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36:
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19:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:
1995:
1980:
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1900:. Retrieved
1896:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:
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1781:Google Earth
1761:
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1466:mm (inches)
1185:Gómez Farías
1182:
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584:
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498:
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365:
358:
351:
339:
327:
301:
293:Gomez Farias
281:Gómez Farías
270:
266:Gómez Farías
262:
238:
225:biogeography
220:
213:Gómez Farias
201:
185:
180:cloud forest
176:Gómez Farias
159:
155:
153:
2010:18 December
1189:rain shadow
1167:gynogenesis
1108:Dionda ipni
887:Amphibians:
657:Paul Martin
494:black bears
389:Carya ovata
247:ecosystem.
145:Established
124: /
100:Coordinates
2026:Categories
1544:References
805:Plestiodon
568:Crax rubra
486:jaguarundi
172:Tamaulipas
83:Tamaulipas
975:typhonius
641:Reptiles:
417:arboretum
309:limestone
297:Alta Cima
251:Geography
170:state of
1897:Academia
1871:Academia
1839:85074075
1750:Archived
1730:Archived
1598:Archived
1573:Archived
1462:Average
466:Mammals:
394:hornbeam
245:riparian
232:and the
85:, Mexico
79:Location
1531:(72.7)
1511:(11.4)
1506:(10.6)
1501:(14.4)
1496:(12.7)
1457:(61.0)
1452:(55.6)
1447:(60.8)
1442:(66.2)
1437:(70.2)
1432:(71.4)
1427:(71.2)
1422:(71.4)
1417:(70.3)
1412:(66.0)
1407:(61.5)
1402:(56.1)
1397:(54.0)
1387:(73.9)
1382:(66.0)
1377:(69.6)
1372:(75.0)
1367:(78.8)
1362:(80.8)
1357:(80.2)
1352:(80.6)
1347:(80.1)
1342:(76.8)
1337:(72.1)
1332:(66.4)
1327:(63.1)
1317:(83.5)
1312:(73.2)
1307:(78.6)
1302:(83.7)
1297:(87.4)
1292:(90.1)
1287:(89.1)
1282:(90.0)
1277:(90.0)
1272:(87.6)
1267:(82.9)
1262:(76.5)
1257:(72.5)
1179:Climate
1090:karstic
1086:Fishes:
891:endemic
718:endemic
402:), and
384:hickory
273:Jaumave
198:History
168:Mexican
112:99°12′W
109:23°04′N
1987:
1957:
1924:
1902:24 May
1876:24 May
1837:
1709:
1659:
1526:(1.5)
1521:(2.0)
1516:(6.0)
1491:(6.8)
1486:(3.0)
1481:(1.9)
1476:(1.2)
1471:(1.2)
1208:Month
532:Birds:
524:, and
522:racoon
508:deer,
490:bobcat
488:, and
482:margay
478:ocelot
470:jaguar
404:redbud
289:ejidos
285:Ocampo
283:, and
188:UNESCO
1835:S2CID
1529:1,847
1247:Year
807:dicei
716:) is
461:Fauna
376:maple
319:Flora
313:karst
2012:2014
1985:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1904:2020
1878:2020
1707:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1455:16.1
1450:13.1
1445:16.0
1440:19.0
1435:21.2
1430:21.9
1425:21.8
1420:21.9
1415:21.3
1410:18.9
1405:16.4
1400:13.4
1395:12.2
1385:23.3
1380:18.9
1375:20.9
1370:23.9
1365:26.0
1360:27.1
1355:26.8
1350:27.0
1345:26.7
1340:24.9
1335:22.3
1330:19.1
1325:17.3
1315:28.6
1310:22.9
1305:25.9
1300:28.7
1295:30.8
1290:32.3
1285:31.7
1280:32.2
1275:32.2
1270:30.9
1265:28.3
1260:24.7
1255:22.5
1244:Dec
1241:Nov
1238:Oct
1235:Sep
1232:Aug
1229:Jul
1226:Jun
1223:May
1220:Apr
1217:Mar
1214:Feb
1211:Jan
889:Two
154:The
148:1987
137:Area
1827:doi
1514:153
1509:289
1504:270
1499:365
1494:323
1489:172
707:).
637:).
412:).
392:),
382:),
190:'s
2028::
2003:.
1976:In
1973:.
1895:.
1869:.
1833:.
1823:71
1821:.
1774:^
1685:^
1622:^
1584:^
1568:,
1552:^
1524:39
1519:50
1484:77
1479:47
1474:30
1469:31
520:,
516:,
512:,
504:,
484:,
480:,
476:,
472:,
279:,
275:,
194:.
2014:.
1906:.
1880:.
1841:.
1829::
1093:(
535:(
406:(
396:(
386:(
378:(
158:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
