2082:
33:
2052:
2033:
2129:
716:
are ascribed to stones with more than the usual five facets, with those having more facets commanding a higher price. Prayer beads with up to 20 facets are known, but botanists have always collected ones with 5-7 facets, rarely 4 or 8. The small size may be due to a special cultivation technique (see section on Uses below) or an as yet unknown race or species, and it is possible there has been some limited selection by people involved in the trade -it is possible that there are, or once were, special
1920:, the merchant must then sort his cargo, retaining only the small and medium stones, and throwing out the rest. The middle-sized stones were not worth much, but for the small stones Hindus and Arab traders would pay good money, some 10 real for a handful of the stones, using them to make religious objects for their priests. A hole could be bored through them, and the stones could then be stringed up into chains, which were worn around the body in the same manner as European people do with
2067:
91:
2101:
2117:
66:
1778:
1891:
839:, the ornamentation having developed into numerous holes and arches, through which the strong fibres run, making cleaning a stone difficult. These arches are usually flattened and long, and curve towards the apex of the stone. The stone is also shaped differently, it is ellipsoid or ovoid, not round. A study comparing a number of gene sequences, however, found that a
1916:
the stones gained the preferred colour, although less scrupulous dealers were wont to drown the stones in seawater to achieve a similar effect. Stones which had lain on the ground became a less appealing grey colour and thus had no value. A trader could collect some 3,000 Dutch pounds of the unsorted stones at a port in Java, Madura or Bali for only some 60
1939:
In some parts of Java, the local population used a special method of cultivation to ensure themselves of a harvest of the good stones. When the trees were just beginning the process of fructification, and the young fruit were just beginning to develop, long strips of he bark were pried off the main
1915:
in Malay, Javanese and
Balinese -words known across the East Indies. Not all stones were valuable, the best were of a smaller size and were coloured deep brown. The stones often were collected from the defecations of cattle, for it was during the passage through the various stomachs of the cow that
720:
grown for their superior stones. A study of the fruit and stones in Sri Lanka found that variation in characteristics such as size and colour were highly influenced by the individual trees, as opposed to season or location. The authors opine that it is indeed possible that specific individual trees
715:
garlands also reveals some interesting issues. It is the smaller stones which are traditionally worth the most, and many of the stones in the garlands are only 7mm in diameter, while known stones in museums collected by botanical collectors are all larger, 10mm and up. Not only that, special powers
707:
A long history of use by man may have confused the issue further. It is possible the long-distance trade has mixed lineages, or influenced the distribution of specific types. The species is often cultivated as an urban street tree in
Indonesia and Malaysia. It appears that the larger leafed form is
1167:
as a synonym of
Roxburgh's name. Although the description is not in Latin and would also fail as a validation according to the rules of the ICBN, it is published before these rules were promulgated, and therefore still 'counts' as a valid publication. However, Tirel and Raynal pointed out in 1980
703:
No infraspecific forms are recognised. Populations in the periphery of the distribution exhibit a range of morphological characters which do not betray much biogeographical structuring, i.e. individuals can be found in New South Wales which may look almost identical to individuals in
Malaysia or
1765:
It is typical of second-growth forest, large individuals found in what appears to be primary rainforest are believed to probably be elderly remnants of a time when the rainforest was less 'primary', i.e. when fires, storms or humankind disturbed it. It also is sometimes found in somewhat swampy
704:
Fiji. However, in the centre of the distribution, the islands of
Indonesia and in the Malay Peninsula, there are a number of confusingly divergent populations. In general, populations in this area can be divided into two main groups, larger leafed and flowered, and smaller leafed and flowered.
617:
are 8–11 mm (0.31–0.43 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide. The five petals are creamy white, egg-shaped to oblong, 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide, the tip with linear lobes. There are between thirty-five and sixty
1906:
Hundreds of years ago this plant was an important article of international commerce, specifically, the burl-like stones containing the seeds. Rumphius describes that it was common practice across the islands of the
Indonesian archipelago to trade in the stones, known as
1839:) was only really consumed in November, just before a 'lean' period with few plants in fruit in the rainforest, with some fruit taken in January. It was an unimportant part of the diet, possibly only eaten in times of low availability of more preferred fruit.
2081:
1085:
Other nations in Europe were beginning to build empires of their own, and where their fleets went, their botanists soon followed. As such the species was described numerous times throughout its vast distribution. The first (true) synonym,
1135:
had begun to realise that many old names from taxonomists in other
European countries had not been registered, and many of the names of certain British scientists were not actually validly published, such as those of Roxburgh. In 1925
663:
the buttresses are thought to develop in response to stresses experienced by the tree during comparatively brief periods of fast development. The buttress wood has a partially different composition than the wood of the trunk.
795:
by having petals much divided at the apex; small, round fruit; 5-7 locules per stone; straight embryos; and glabrous leaves with even and fine serrations along their margins. The most similar species in
Northern Territory is
2051:
1045:
expert. Gaertner was not followed in his idea to move the genus to a pre-Linnaean name by most botanists, in the next century a newer crop of botanists described new species of the genus using
Linnaeus's name.
1148:
names
Roxburgh invented for the plants in the Calcutta garden, Don dismissed all of them as impossible to identify and probably just synonyms of species which had been described before by others, except for
32:
708:
more often selected for planting as a street tree here. This appears to already be the case on Java over a century ago, based on the collection notes accompanying herbarium specimens.
2032:
1102:. Because Roxburgh did not add any descriptions to this bare list, it is impossible to know what he was talking about. These names should thus all have been considered to be invalid
1801:, but it is almost certain that these flightless birds feed on the fruit and likely disperse the seeds, whatever the taxonomic position -they have been found to eat all types of
3385:
827:
being dark, dense and umbrella-like, as opposed to light and spreading. The leaves are leathery, darker and shinier on top. The most important difference is seen in the fruit;
597:
at the base of the trunk. The leaves are about 60–180 mm (2.4–7.1 in) long, 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) wide with wavy serrations on the edges and tapering to a
3770:
3622:
Knowledge for the future ? Trees and forest-lands manipulation by men in the Pacific before European contacts: First ethno-archaeobotanical approach in New Caledonia
891:
introduced his new standard of taxonomic nomenclature, he missed out on using this work, as he only received his copy after having worked on the 1753 edition of his
4486:
4261:
1108:, and should have been ignored, but at least as far as this species is concerned the 1832 version of the posthumous publication of Roxburgh's manuscript for a
1002:
believed this invalidates the name altogether, in 1980 the French botanists Christiane Tirel and Jean Raynal stated that because Gaertner had cited Linnaeus's
683:
of the tree contain large stones or pits, which are covered by an outer husk of fruit flesh. This blue colour is not derived from a pigment, but is caused by
4566:
952:
1569:
has often been imported from Australia to New Caledonia as an ornamental plant, and according to the Australians these plants may technically actually be
3492:
4601:
4591:
4581:
4434:
4196:
2066:
1671:, needs to be re-examined (it falls outside the purview of his paper) to see if it truly is an independent species and not a synonym, and to which
802:; this species has leaves which are less long and more wide, stamens without bristles, and fruit which are ellipsoid in shape as opposed to round.
4447:
4209:
1785:
Writing from Ambon Island in the mid 17th century, Rumphius described that the fruits are gladly eaten by large birds, mentioning that especially
3324:
2128:
4118:
3582:
2486:
1070:
3902:"Diet, Keystone Resources and Altitudinal Movement of Dwarf Cassowaries in Relation to Fruiting Phenology in a Papua New Guinean Rainforest"
4611:
651:
Mature trees will grow massive buttresses which generally completely encircle the base of the trunk. This may be an adaptation to becoming
2716:
733:
were considered to be different species in the past, but these are at present all considered the same species. An exception is the taxon
3461:
3062:
3019:
1727:
on the Northern Territory mainland where it grows to a height of about 25 m (82 ft). It was also formerly thought to occur in
1181:
1172:
is doubly invalid: although it was first published in 1814, it was only effectively published in 1831 with Don, six years after Blume's
1163:
meant it must be same plant as that of Rumphius almost two centuries earlier, supplied a summary description of it in his work and gave
2797:(in Latin and Dutch). Vol. 3. Amsterdam: apud Fransicum Changuion, Joannem Catuffe, Hermannum Uytwerf. pp. 160–162, Tab.C.
4596:
4040:
3921:
1290:. This was never entered into databases of native plants in Queensland, and in 2010 it was accepted as a valid species again by the
3781:
3714:
3643:
Amice, R.; Bruy, D.; Fleurot, D.; Gâteblé, G.; Garnier, D.; Lannuzel, G.; Mandaoué, L.; Vandrot, H.; Hequet, V. (2 March 2018).
4586:
4473:
4235:
3448:
3049:
3006:
2039:
1020:
1940:
branches and some off the trunk -this forced the fruit to be stunted, which caused the stones to be smaller and more grooved.
1720:
1077:
name in the correct genus available in the Linnaean system, this name takes priority as the correct name for the species.
4096:
659:-buttress roots can better distribute tensile stress in the base of the tree transmitted down from wind in the crown. In
3350:
2100:
1222:
1221:. Schumann had written the work in or before 1890 already, and he was unaware at the time, like most other people, that
4123:
2477:
1928:. The richest of the priests would string a golden nugget after every two ganiters, thus the Chinese called the stones
1018:
for his 'Ceylon Herbarium', bound volumes of actual plant specimens, also later published as a list). Nonetheless, the
4606:
4408:
4131:
4105:
1770:
the property of growing in disturbed sites has been used in archaeology to look at the influence of humankind in the
90:
4491:
1924:. Especially the Hindu priests were customers, but Muslim imams would also use the chains as prayer beads to recite
4512:
4326:
4266:
3871:
3525:
3453:
3415:
3182:
3054:
3011:
2269:
1333:
262:
3574:
2381:
2259:
1821:
as compared to other rainforest species eaten by the giant birds. A similar situation exists for tree-kangaroos (
1588:
in nearby forests. Note that the plants in Hawaii were introduced from Australia and may technically actually be
1091:
283:
4399:
1932:-'gold hard seeds'. Such was the worth of a good stone, that counterfeits were carved from hard wood, thus the
1449:
1407:
1345:
884:
4517:
4331:
2116:
1817:
is present. Although seeds which are dispersed in cassowary dung do germinate, the percentage is quite low in
687:. The fruit weigh 7g on average, but range from 10 to 4g. The stone at the centre of the fruit, technically a
4357:
3679:
1340:, known at the time as the 'New Hebrides'. In 1982 the French botanist Christiane Tirel moved it, as well as
759:. A 2013 PhD thesis by Yumiko Baba which compared a number of genetic sequences of different taxa found that
4183:
2784:
1949:
1466:
This species has a wide distribution stretching from the Himalayas in Nepal and India east to China and the
1443:
1437:
1389:
1291:
1015:
868:
806:
4188:
4175:
3806:
3556:
1419:
1251:
aspect of Gaertner's original name, but in Schumann's case he clearly identifies his name with the species
1247:
in taxonomic jargon. Because Ettingshausen had simply recombined the name, his version retains the synonym
1074:
4170:
4058:
3937:
Joshi, Swati; Payal Gupta; Kumar, Navin; Nishant Rai; Gautam, Pankaj; Thapliyal, Ashish (September 2012).
968:
again, arguing that as Rumphius had been the first to formally describe the species, his name should have
930:
797:
684:
4413:
4136:
1629:) as being native to Guam. In a 1979 article in the same journal updating the wider flora of the region,
1425:
2492:
1917:
1413:
1401:
1363:
969:
207:
4452:
4214:
3359:
Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften / Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe
2746:
1431:
1395:
751:, it remains recognised in parts of Australia: plants in Queensland and New South Wales are considered
4318:
4002:
3513:
3403:
3266:
2290:
Sumanarathne, W.G.A.S.; Ranaweera, L.T.; Weebadde, C.K.; Sooriyapathirana, S.D.S.S. (September 2020).
2230:
2157:
Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019).
4571:
4157:
3320:
3218:
2608:
2199:
2088:
1793:
was found to be one among a few dozen species of relatively large-fruited rainforest plants eaten by
1186:
990:
934:
41:
2858:
976:. This is not what is known as 'good species'; it is a frankenstein, composed of the description of
3250:
2889:
1771:
1503:
1499:
1273:
1150:
1066:
872:
734:
635:
511:
470:, and has leaves with wavy serrations, creamy white flowers and more or less spherical bright blue
55:
45:
3392:. Vol. I. Groningen: N.V. P. Noordhoff under auspices of Rijksherbarium, Leyden. p. 398.
3296:
3113:
1948:
In the USA the cultivar 'Prima Donna' has been available, it has pink flowers. It may actually be
1144:
was rediscovered, and Roxburgh's name is now considered first validated in this work. Of the nine
4538:
4339:
3852:
3457:
3210:
3157:
3058:
3015:
2698:
2690:
2624:
2577:
2451:
2443:
2321:
2263:
1794:
1712:
1527:
1098:, in a simple list of names of he intended to give to plants found growing in the garden, titled
1033:
909:
779:, with the two samples in fact more divergent from each other than from other samples within the
656:
495:
451:
231:
85:
1303:
4253:
3744:
3599:
3573:. Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae). Beijing & St. Louis: Science Press and
1774:
of the rainforests. The long-term presence of humans increases the population of this species.
4576:
4499:
4421:
4287:
4144:
4036:
3917:
3578:
3339:. III (in German). Vol. 6 (1 ed.). Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. p. 5.
3332:
3109:
1828:
1786:
1692:
1455:
1054:
893:
223:
4504:
2595:
Lee, D. W. (1991). "Ultrastructural Basis and Function of Iridescent Blue Color of Fruits in
1595:
The species is also reported to have been introduced from Australia and to invade intact and
4292:
3984:
3946:
3909:
3844:
3568:
3228:
3192:
3178:
3149:
2930:
2833:
2798:
2682:
2616:
2569:
2433:
2311:
1933:
1672:
1646:
1596:
1194:
1160:
1095:
898:
811:
to be the most similar species, and very difficult to tell apart without the fruit. Whereas
610:
598:
315:
3939:"A comprehensive report on therapeutic potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. (Rudraksha)"
2916:
2854:
2788:
2158:
1966:
1696:
1550:
977:
957:
940:
128:
1766:
sites, or at least along watercourses, and in more cultivated or even urban settings. In
1233:
had finally been published, in rather summary mention in a work on the fossil species of
847:, with the exception of one more variable sequence, where it was nested within different
4305:
2612:
1176:, and the taxon which the name describes is ambiguous, because it is based on Gaertner.
4300:
3564:
3222:
2821:
2473:
1963:
1131:
913:
623:
594:
530:
435:
174:
115:
3988:
3083:
593:
is a tree that typically grows to a height of 40 m (130 ft) and usually has
4560:
4248:
3938:
3901:
2885:
2817:
2325:
2291:
2167:
1767:
1519:
1351:
888:
860:
467:
443:
75:
70:
3971:
Ray, A.B.; Chand, Lal; Pandey, V.B. (January 1979). "Rudrakine, a new alkaloid from
2960:
2926:
2920:
2702:
2628:
2455:
1731:, but the Australian Plant Census states that the trees from this area were in fact
634:
15–23 mm (0.59–0.91 in) in diameter. Note, however, that Coode considered
4543:
4426:
4344:
4149:
3354:
3328:
2925:(in Latin). Vol. 2. Tübingen: Typis Guilielmi Henrici Schrammii. p. 271,
2807:
note the work was also published in the Hague and Utrecht simultaneously by others.
2008:
1875:
1863:
1754:
1716:
1688:
1210:
820:
550:
4110:
3214:
3186:
2792:
1842:
The flowers have been recorded to be visited by various beetles, flies and wasps.
1695:. If it is a synonym, this would expand the native distribution to throughout the
1603:, although it may actually be native, and the report likely technically refers to
4384:
3191:. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). Serampore: Printed for W. Thacker. pp. 592–594.
1024:
cites ICBN Melbourne Code Article 52.2 and emphasise that Gaertner "did not cite
883:. Few ever read the work at the time, as it was considered a trade secret by the
4460:
4393:
4222:
4090:
3831:
Stocker, G. C.; Irvine, A. K. (September 1983). "Seed Dispersal by Cassowaries (
1871:
1823:
1810:
1585:
1467:
1384:
1243:
1104:
956:(ICBN) rules had been formalised, in his book on the fruits and seeds of plants
925:
791:
563:
184:
4081:
2517:
1831:
in Papua New Guinea found that despite offering fruit continuously year-round,
1777:
1286:, as it does not differ morphologically from the widespread and quite variable
767:
in most studied sequences, but that in one sequence with more variety, her two
676:
tree that grows quickly. The tree starts bearing fruit in three to four years.
605:. Old leaves often turn bright red before falling. The flowers are arranged in
3950:
3292:
3246:
2686:
2057:
Closeup of fruit and leaves, in Hoʻomaluhia Botanical Garden -may possibly be
1855:
1728:
1266:
for almost the century in some regional floras, i.e. Indonesia and Australia.
1137:
1062:
999:
748:
652:
329:
164:
3913:
4279:
2934:
2355:
1971:
1890:
1867:
1859:
1741:
1538:
1037:
673:
627:
525:
479:
463:
447:
391:
4530:
2438:
2417:
2316:
3232:
3196:
2802:
1997:
1981:
729:
It is a widespread and variable species, and many regional populations of
539:
4525:
4378:
4075:
2292:"Assessment of the Morphometric Variation of Fruits and Phylogenetics of
2013:
2004:
1976:
1936:
were usually very savvy in telling apart the good stones from the false.
1562:
1507:
1234:
1007:
867:
in the mid-16th century, the German-Dutch soldier, merchant and botanist
864:
717:
602:
573:
554:
534:
141:
2694:
2447:
1454:. It is the only species within the section which has spread beyond the
4439:
4352:
4274:
4201:
3856:
3644:
3161:
2581:
2018:
1558:
1523:
1483:
1337:
1306:
noting the synonymy in 2001. Coode wrote again in 2010 in his study of
578:
387:
351:
4465:
4227:
3355:"Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Tertiärflora Australien's. (Mit 7 Tafeln)"
2837:
1854:
are elaeocarpidine, isoelaeocarpine, epiisoelaeocarpiline, rudrakine,
1213:, which he considers to actually be a synonym of Gaertner's 1791 name
1140:'s rather unscientific, but quite complete, 1831 gardening dictionary
2620:
2418:"The Buttressed Blue Marble Tree: Wood and Growth Characteristics of
1925:
1921:
1899:
1724:
1487:
1479:
1032:. Because it was built up using at least two species, this name is a
994:
in the synonymy, which according to the ICBN rules is the only valid
692:
688:
619:
606:
507:
340:
305:
154:
4052:
3848:
3153:
2573:
3040:
4478:
4313:
4240:
4035:. New Delhi, India: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 119.
3621:
3439:
3142:
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)
2997:
2107:
1992:
1988:
1889:
1806:
1776:
1700:
1600:
1554:
1270:
1014:(collected in Sri Lanka in the 1670s by the German-Dutch botanist
995:
680:
645:
631:
614:
546:
523:
In India, the cleaned pits of the fruit of this tree are known as
471:
439:
361:
319:
287:
273:
102:
3906:
Tropical Fruits and Frugivores: The Search for Strong Interactors
1592:, although this is a moot point if these two names are synonyms.
1573:, although this is a moot point if these two names are synonyms.
1073:). As this is the first valid name, i.e. correctly described and
4162:
2491:. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR),
1611:
1581:
1542:
1531:
252:
4056:
3487:
Tirel, Christiane (1982). "Eléocarpacées". In Hallé, N. (ed.).
3118:(in Latin and Dutch). Batavia: Ter Lands Drukkerij. p. 120
1318:
as found throughout the region. There is no difference between
630:. The fruit is a more or less spherical, bright blue or purple
3301:. Vol. 1. London: J.G. and F. Rivington. pp. 559–560
1314:
is the same plant as the normal common and widespread form of
498:
of Australia. Other names used for this tree in Australia are
3751:. Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science
984:
and an illustration of the fruit and the seeds of Rumphius's
929:, referring it to the 1747 formal description, as well as an
3624:(Report). Pacific Sciences Inter-Congress, Papeete. GDR 2834
2416:
Woodcock, D. W.; dos Santos, G.; Taylor, D. (January 2000).
1510:. It grows on Sri Lanka, but it is not particularly common.
1041:
of both species, according to the botanist M.J.E. Coode, an
879:, in which he introduced the species to European science as
3715:"A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae"
1470:, and south to Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia.
1797:
in northern Australia. These trees are at present called
1631:
A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae
691:, is typically divided into multiple segments, which are
3812:. Queensland Government Wet Tropics Management Authority
1691:
oddity, all other species appear to have evolved in the
1659:
has been introduced to Palau. Coode writes in 2010 that
3881:(Report). Tree Kangaroo and Mammal Group Inc. p. 1
3713:
Fosberg, F. R.; Sachet, M.-H.; Oliver, R. (June 1979).
2669:
for Flora Malesiana: new taxa and understanding in the
2003:("teardrops" or "eyes"). The stones are widely used in
1789:
can be found feeding upon them. Fruit bats also do so.
1326:
from Malaysia, the Solomon Islands or the Philippines.
1310:
and its immediate relatives that as far as he can tell
1053:
was first introduced in 1825 by the again German-Dutch
609:
up to 100 mm (3.9 in) long, each flower on a
16:
Species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae
1362:
is another possible synonym from Vanuatu described by
739:, although it cannot reliably be told apart from the
3904:. In Dew, J. Lawrence; Boubli, Jean Philippe (eds.).
3140:
T.A.S. (1925). "Additions to the Index Kewensis: V".
2959:
Tirel, Christiane; Raynal, Jean (16 September 1980).
1610:
Although some sources state the species is native to
1537:
In New Caledonia it occurs across Grande Terre (from
823:. Coode notes that the crowns are different, that of
601:
5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long, but lacking a
721:
are cultivated for their fruit and stone qualities.
4368:
4065:
3227:. Vol. 1. London: L. Reeve. pp. 400–401.
1753:It has been introduced to West Africa, at least to
1069:, and a reference to an extant type (kept today in
887:, and published long after Rumphius had died. When
3615:
3613:
3555:Tang, Ya; Phengklai, Chamlong (19 November 2007).
3135:
3133:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
1129:Around the turn of the century the editors of the
1090:, was coined in 1814 by the superintendent of the
789:can, however, be told apart from other species of
2758:(PhD thesis). James Cook University. Docket 38321
4003:"Featured plant - a special for your collection
2961:"Recherches bibliographiqsur tues rois espèces d
2304:The Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Sri Lanka
947:. which Linnaeus used as reference in his work.
743:and was considered the same species by the last
613:9–16 mm (0.35–0.63 in) long. The five
549:'s teardrops" or "eyes") and are widely used as
4033:The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography
3255:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 160.
3188:Flora Indica, or, Descriptions of Indian plants
3173:
3171:
2911:
2909:
1878:. The alkaloid rudrakine was discovered in the
972:. The only species he placed in this genus was
571:is the principal species used in the making of
3708:
3706:
3704:
3653:Endemia - Faune et Flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie
2824:(2009). "Macroscope: The Herbal of Rumphius".
2411:
2409:
2407:
1715:of Australia it is predominantly found on the
1159:, for in the last case he recognised that the
835:is more juicy. The stone is very different in
626:is 11–18 mm (0.43–0.71 in) long and
561:might be produced by more than one species of
434:is a species of flowering plant in the family
3489:Flore de la Nouvelle Calédonia et dépendances
3298:A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants
3115:Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie
2849:
2847:
2660:
2658:
2390:Vascular Plants - Australian Plant Name Index
2254:
2252:
1870:, carbohydrates, ethanol, proteins, tannins,
1298:, which led it to be recognised again by the
1142:A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants
1061:from material collected in the "mountains of
1059:Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie
831:has twice-as-large fruit with fibrous flesh,
644:, and the above description applies to both
8:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3434:
3432:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
1179:In the 1895 issue of the influential series
1065:". This name was accompanied by an adequate
953:International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
711:A closer look at the stones used in classic
3719:Micronesica, Journal of the College of Guam
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2740:
2738:
2392:. Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria
1827:spp.). A three-year study of the faeces of
775:) were found to be within the diversity of
4053:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2072:Three fruit and a pyrene -may possibly be
1584:in the 1930s and have subsequently become
1478:It occurs in the wild in the provinces of
843:sample was largely indistinguishable from
64:
31:
20:
3807:"Truffles, treeroots, bettongs and foxes"
3780:. Mackay Regional Council. Archived from
2437:
2315:
1987:, a compound word consisting of the name
1805:fruit, as well as fruit of this genus on
1614:, this is a mistake. In the 1971 article
1119:. Nonetheless, it was generally rendered
4007:- Fairy Petticoats and Shiva's tears..."
2511:
2509:
1370:, but it may no longer be identifiable.
1126:for most of the 19th century and later.
474:fruit. In English, the tree is known as
3674:
3672:
3670:
2748:Evolution, systematics and taxonomy of
2149:
2028:
1366:in 1893, which is/was missing from the
244:
3835:) in North Queensland's Rainforests".
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
2225:
2223:
2221:
655:in some habitats, or often growing in
2880:
2878:
2487:Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
2467:
2465:
2265:Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa
2194:
2192:
2190:
1010:was automatically that of Linnaeus's
7:
4358:C1AC8BD5-387A-49CC-ADCB-B22CF0D1CC72
4319:E384A052-CDDB-124B-3169-776CCF31B1FE
3493:Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
1969:of both the tree and the stones is "
1294:. It was thus entered into the 2014
1028:nor its type", although he did cite
755:, those found growing elsewhere are
4567:IUCN Red List least concern species
3462:Australian National Botanic Gardens
3063:Australian National Botanic Gardens
3020:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2922:De frvctibvs et seminibvs plantarvm
2168:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1350:which had both been described from
871:provided the first modern binomial
3620:Emilie Dotte-Sarout (March 2009).
3491:(in French). Vol. 11. Paris:
2476:; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020).
1781:Cassowary faeces, containing seeds
40:Leaves and fruit on the ground in
14:
988:. Gaertner also cites Linnaeus's
4518:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:324127-1
4332:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:833771-1
3337:Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
2516:Short, Philip S.; Cowie, Ian D.
2127:
2115:
2099:
2080:
2065:
2050:
2031:
1257:Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
1231:Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
1182:Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
923:, he listed only one species of
89:
4602:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Blume
4592:Flora of the Northern Territory
4582:Australian Aboriginal bushcraft
3449:International Plant Names Index
3050:International Plant Names Index
3007:International Plant Names Index
2894:(in Latin). Berlin. p. 515
2752:(Elaeocarpaceae) in Australasia
2560:in Australia and New Zealand".
2520:. Northern Territory Government
2362:. Northern Territory Government
1241:thus has two authors, rendered
1021:International Plant Names Index
908:, the name for this species in
695:, each usually bearing a seed.
3908:. Springer. pp. 204–235.
3386:Bakhuizen van den Brink, R. C.
3252:Manual of Indian Forest Botany
2974:. Nouvelle Série (in French).
1259:, the species became known as
1255:. Perhaps as a consequence of
815:is largely a lowland species,
1:
3989:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84309-5
3460:Herbaria & Libraries and
3351:von Ettingshausen, Constantin
3061:Herbaria & Libraries and
3018:Herbaria & Libraries and
2723:. Royal Botanic Garden Sydney
1735:, according to them the name
3273:. Plants of the World Online
2518:"Flora of the Darwin Region"
2237:. Plants of the World Online
2040:Ho'omaluhia Botanical Garden
1336:from specimens collected in
1302:website as of 2022, despite
1284:in Australia and New Zealand
1223:Constantin von Ettingshausen
919:When Linnaeus published his
771:samples (one from Hawaii as
510:it (or the possible synonym
44:, note this may actually be
4612:Decorative fruits and seeds
3598:Koul, M. K. (13 May 2001).
3524:. Board of Trustees of the
3414:. Board of Trustees of the
1998:
1982:
1683:, if it belongs to section
1269:In 1984 Coode regarded the
859:Writing from the island of
763:was indistinguishable from
589:According to M.J.E. Coode,
540:
4628:
3577:Press. pp. 223, 225.
3526:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3522:Plants of the World Online
3454:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3416:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3412:Plants of the World Online
3224:The flora of British India
3055:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3012:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2745:Baba, Yumiko (July 2013).
2270:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2260:Burkill, Humphrey Morrison
1795:double-wattled cassowaries
1334:Reinhard Gustav Paul Knuth
1300:Plants of the World Online
1112:validated this name, i.e.
873:description of the species
819:is found in highlands and
640:to be the same species as
358:Elaeocarpus novoguineensis
294:Elaeocarpus dolichopetalus
4124:Elaeocarpus_angustifolius
4097:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
4067:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
4005:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
3951:10.13140/RG.2.1.4605.5124
3900:Wright, Debra D. (2005).
3773:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
3747:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
3682:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
3647:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
3575:Missouri Botanical Garden
3559:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
3516:Elaeocarpus persicifolius
3086:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
2687:10.1007/s12225-010-9223-2
2665:Coode, M. J. E. (2010). "
2556:Coode, M. J. E. (1984). "
2480:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
2420:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
2384:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
2358:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
2233:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
2206:. Australian Plant Census
2202:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
2161:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
1958:Common names and folklore
1332:was described in 1941 by
1322:from New South Wales and
1296:Atlas of Living Australia
1217:, which he recombined as
1092:Calcutta Botanical Garden
1051:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
950:In 1791, long before the
699:Infraspecific variability
591:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
431:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
259:Elaeocarpus baclayanensis
237:
230:
217:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
213:
206:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
39:
30:
25:Elaeocarpus angustifolius
23:
4597:Plants described in 1825
3914:10.1007/1-4020-3833-X_11
3872:Lumholtz tree-kangaroo (
2785:Rumphius, Georg Eberhard
2175:: e.T145371284A145371286
2091:, Maui -may possibly be
1506:in the foothills of the
1378:It is classified in the
1282:in his work Elaeocarpus
787:E. grandis/angustifolius
490:. It is simply known as
376:Elaeocarpus polyschistus
348:Elaeocarpus muellerianus
2935:10.5962/bhl.title.53838
1651:. Confusingly, Fosberg
1618:, B. C. Stone recorded
1292:Australian Plant Census
1225:had already recombined
960:renamed the genus from
869:Georg Eberhard Rumphius
398:Elaeocarpus subglobosus
368:Elaeocarpus parkinsonii
280:Elaeocarpus cyanocarpus
4587:Flora of tropical Asia
3870:Lars Kazmeier (2004).
3567:; Hong, D. Y. (eds.).
3442:Elaeocarpus hebridarum
2863:(in Latin). p. 93
2439:10.1006/anbo.1999.0985
2317:10.4038/jas.v15i3.9028
1903:
1782:
1545:), the Isle of Pines (
1049:For example, the name
1006:, that means that the
685:structural colouration
384:Elaeocarpus sphaericus
326:Elaeocarpus hebridarum
302:Elaeocarpus fauroensis
3874:Dendrolagus lumholtzi
3606:. India: The Tribune.
3600:"Bond with the beads"
3321:Schumann, Karl Moritz
3233:10.5962/bhl.title.678
3219:Hooker, Joseph Dalton
3197:10.5962/bhl.title.590
2803:10.5962/bhl.title.569
2493:Australian Government
2138:fruit freshly plucked
1893:
1850:Chemicals present in
1846:Chemical constituents
1780:
1699:and in the nation of
1364:Ferdinand von Mueller
1354:, into synonymy with
1189:classified the genus
1075:effectively published
805:Overall, Coode found
199:E. angustifolius
4400:Elaeocarpus ganitrus
4370:Elaeocarpus ganitrus
4031:Stutley, M. (1985).
3973:Elaeocarpus ganitrus
3269:Elaeocarpus ganitrus
2860:Thesaurus zeylandica
2794:Herbarium Amboinense
2298:Elaeocarpus serratus
2294:Elaeocarpus ganitrus
2038:Blue marble tree in
1187:Karl Moritz Schumann
1088:Elaeocarpus ganitrus
991:Elaeocarpus serratus
945:Thesaurus zeylanicus
877:Herbarium Amboniense
406:Elaeocarpus wenzelii
312:Elaeocarpus ganitrus
269:Elaeocarpus crenatus
3833:Casuarius casuarius
3518:Brongn. & Gris"
3406:Elaeocarpus grandis
3211:Masters, Maxwell T.
2719:Elaeocarpus grandis
2613:1991Natur.349..260L
2568:(3): 509–586+1–20.
1772:species composition
1500:Indian subcontinent
1494:Indian subcontinent
1382:group of the genus
1067:species description
1063:Buitenzorg Province
1004:Elaeocarpus serrata
982:Elaiocarpus serrata
936:Elaiocarpus serrata
482:recorded names are
56:Conservation status
4607:Plants in Hinduism
3787:on 8 December 2021
3458:Harvard University
3333:Prantl, Karl Anton
3247:Bor, Norman Loftus
3215:"XXVIII Tiliaceae"
3110:Blume, Carl Ludwig
3059:Harvard University
3016:Harvard University
3000:Ganitrus sphaerica
2826:American Scientist
2296:(Woodenbegar) and
1922:corals in rosaries
1904:
1787:wreathed hornbills
1783:
1713:Northern Territory
1655:. also state that
1528:Santa Cruz Islands
1227:Ganitrus sphaerica
1215:Ganitrus sphaerica
1100:Hortus Bengalensis
970:taxonomic priority
679:The blue-coloured
657:secondary woodland
553:, particularly in
496:Northern Territory
414:Ganitrus sphaerica
4554:
4553:
4500:Open Tree of Life
4288:Open Tree of Life
4059:Taxon identifiers
3584:978-1-930723-64-1
3495:. pp. 3–124.
3179:Roxburgh, William
2891:Species Plantarum
2838:10.1511/2009.76.7
2789:Burmanni, Joannis
2607:(6306): 260–262.
2422:(Elaeocarpaceae)"
2122:fruits and leaves
2089:Keʻanae Arboretum
2042:-may possibly be
2011:in the making of
1829:dwarf cassowaries
1693:Malay Archipelago
1679:it belongs -like
1637:. stated Stone's
1628:
1616:The Flora of Guam
1597:secondary forests
1456:Malay Archipelago
1265:
1244:auctorum multorum
1229:two years before
1125:
1118:
1055:Carl Ludwig Blume
921:Species Plantarum
904:was derived from
894:Species Plantarum
476:utrasum bean tree
466:tree, often with
427:
426:
418:
410:
402:
394:
380:
372:
364:
354:
344:
336:Elaeocarpus major
332:
322:
308:
298:
290:
276:
265:
255:
79:
42:Keʻanae Arboretum
4619:
4547:
4546:
4534:
4533:
4521:
4520:
4508:
4507:
4495:
4494:
4482:
4481:
4469:
4468:
4456:
4455:
4443:
4442:
4430:
4429:
4417:
4416:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4361:
4360:
4348:
4347:
4335:
4334:
4322:
4321:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4295:
4283:
4282:
4270:
4269:
4257:
4256:
4244:
4243:
4231:
4230:
4218:
4217:
4205:
4204:
4192:
4191:
4179:
4178:
4166:
4165:
4153:
4152:
4140:
4139:
4127:
4126:
4114:
4113:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4054:
4047:
4046:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3779:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3710:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3684:risk assessment"
3676:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3617:
3608:
3607:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3563:. In Wu, Z. Y.;
3552:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3510:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3325:"Elaeocarpaceae"
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2964:
2956:
2939:
2938:
2917:Gaertner, Joseph
2913:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2855:Burman, Johannes
2851:
2842:
2841:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2781:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2662:
2633:
2632:
2621:10.1038/349260a0
2592:
2586:
2585:
2553:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2489:Edition 8 (RFK8)
2469:
2460:
2459:
2441:
2426:Annals of Botany
2413:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2352:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2319:
2287:
2274:
2273:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2227:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2196:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2154:
2131:
2119:
2103:
2084:
2069:
2054:
2035:
2001:
1985:
1880:E. angustifolius
1852:E. angustifolius
1833:E. angustifolius
1815:E. angustifolius
1791:E. angustifolius
1737:E. angustifolius
1643:E. angustifolius
1623:
1580:were planted in
1578:E. angustifolius
1567:E. angustifolius
1518:It is native to
1502:it grows in the
1451:E. trichopetalus
1409:E. dolichostylus
1356:E. angustifolius
1347:E. persicifolius
1324:E. angustifolius
1316:E. angustifolius
1308:E. angustifolius
1288:E. angustifolius
1280:E. angustifolius
1278:as a synonym of
1264:(Gaertn.) Schum.
1263:
1253:E. angustifolius
1203:E. angustifolius
1174:E. angustifolius
1168:that Roxburgh's
1165:Ganitrus Ganitri
1161:specific epithet
1123:
1116:
1096:William Roxburgh
986:Ganitrus Ganitri
899:specific epithet
881:Ganitrus Ganitri
849:E. angustifolius
845:E. angustifolius
833:E. angustifolius
813:E. angustifolius
781:E. angustifolius
777:E. angustifolius
765:E. angustifolius
757:E. angustifolius
741:E. angustifolius
731:E. angustifolius
661:E. angustifolius
642:E. angustifolius
569:E. angustifolius
543:
518:blue marble tree
516:) is known as a
500:Indian oil fruit
488:Indian bead tree
462:. It is a large
438:and occurs from
416:
408:
400:
386:
378:
370:
360:
350:
338:
328:
314:
304:
296:
282:
271:
261:
251:
219:
94:
93:
73:
68:
67:
35:
21:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4542:
4537:
4529:
4524:
4516:
4511:
4503:
4498:
4490:
4485:
4477:
4472:
4464:
4459:
4451:
4446:
4438:
4433:
4425:
4420:
4412:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4364:
4356:
4351:
4343:
4338:
4330:
4325:
4317:
4312:
4304:
4299:
4291:
4286:
4278:
4273:
4265:
4260:
4252:
4247:
4239:
4234:
4226:
4221:
4213:
4208:
4200:
4195:
4187:
4182:
4174:
4169:
4161:
4156:
4148:
4143:
4135:
4130:
4122:
4117:
4109:
4104:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4061:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4015:
4013:
4012:. February 2008
4001:
4000:
3996:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3955:
3953:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3849:10.2307/2387825
3830:
3829:
3825:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3777:
3771:"Blue Quandong
3769:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3712:
3711:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3678:
3677:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3585:
3554:
3553:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3512:
3511:
3500:
3486:
3485:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3438:
3437:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3384:Backer, C. A.;
3383:
3382:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3154:10.2307/4107509
3139:
3138:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2968:(Elæocarpaceæ)"
2962:
2958:
2957:
2942:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2783:
2782:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2664:
2663:
2636:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2574:10.2307/4108594
2555:
2554:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2415:
2414:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2300:(Ceylon Olive)"
2289:
2288:
2277:
2268:. Vol. 2.
2258:
2257:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2123:
2120:
2111:
2104:
2095:
2085:
2076:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2046:
2036:
2027:
1967:vernacular name
1960:
1946:
1888:
1882:fruit in 1979.
1848:
1763:
1751:
1739:was misapplied
1709:
1697:Mariana Islands
1669:E. carolinensis
1551:Loyalty Islands
1530:. It occurs on
1516:
1514:Pacific Islands
1496:
1476:
1464:
1376:
1342:E. polyschistus
1304:Rafaël Govaerts
1117:Roxb. ex. Roxb.
1083:
978:Johannes Burman
958:Joseph Gaertner
941:Johannes Burman
857:
727:
725:Similar species
701:
670:
587:
423:
249:Ayparia crenata
243:
242:
226:
221:
215:
202:
88:
80:
69:
65:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4625:
4623:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4544:wfo-0000664289
4535:
4522:
4509:
4496:
4483:
4470:
4457:
4444:
4431:
4418:
4405:
4390:
4374:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4349:
4345:wfo-0000664024
4336:
4323:
4310:
4297:
4284:
4271:
4258:
4245:
4232:
4219:
4206:
4193:
4180:
4167:
4154:
4141:
4128:
4115:
4102:
4087:
4071:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4023:
3994:
3983:(4): 700–701.
3977:Phytochemistry
3963:
3929:
3922:
3892:
3862:
3843:(3): 170–176.
3823:
3798:
3762:
3736:
3700:
3666:
3635:
3609:
3590:
3583:
3570:Flora of China
3538:
3498:
3474:
3428:
3395:
3376:
3342:
3312:
3284:
3258:
3238:
3202:
3183:Carey, William
3167:
3148:(7): 311–315.
3129:
3101:
3075:
3032:
2989:
2940:
2905:
2886:Linnaeus, Carl
2874:
2843:
2818:Margulis, Lynn
2809:
2769:
2734:
2708:
2681:(3): 355–399.
2634:
2587:
2531:
2505:
2461:
2403:
2373:
2338:
2310:(3): 362–377.
2275:
2248:
2217:
2186:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2096:
2086:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2047:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2023:
1959:
1956:
1951:E. reticulatus
1945:
1942:
1887:
1884:
1847:
1844:
1762:
1759:
1750:
1747:
1708:
1705:
1645:) was in fact
1515:
1512:
1504:Gangetic plain
1495:
1492:
1475:
1472:
1463:
1460:
1375:
1374:Classification
1372:
1368:Index Kewensis
1360:E. macdonaldii
1132:Index Kewensis
1082:
1079:
856:
853:
726:
723:
700:
697:
669:
666:
595:buttress roots
586:
583:
531:Hindi language
468:buttress roots
436:Elaeocarpaceae
425:
424:
422:
421:
420:
419:
411:
403:
395:
381:
373:
365:
355:
345:
333:
323:
309:
299:
291:
277:
266:
256:
240:
239:
238:
235:
234:
228:
227:
222:
211:
210:
204:
203:
196:
194:
190:
189:
182:
178:
177:
175:Elaeocarpaceae
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
145:
144:
139:
132:
131:
126:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
82:
81:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4624:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4044:
4042:81-215-1087-2
4038:
4034:
4027:
4024:
4011:
4010:Top Tropicals
4008:
4006:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3967:
3964:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3923:1-4020-3832-1
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3896:
3893:
3877:
3876:) Food Plants
3875:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3824:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3783:
3776:
3774:
3766:
3763:
3750:
3748:
3740:
3737:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3639:
3636:
3623:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3390:Flora of Java
3387:
3380:
3377:
3364:
3361:(in German).
3360:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3329:Engler, Adolf
3326:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3272:
3270:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3089:
3087:
3079:
3076:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3036:
3033:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2993:
2990:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2519:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2377:
2374:
2361:
2359:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2205:
2203:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2110:) on the tree
2109:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:E. sphaericus
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:New Caledonia
1760:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:Channel Point
1718:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1689:biogeographic
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:of the genus
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1639:E. sphaericus
1636:
1632:
1626:
1621:
1620:E. sphaericus
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:Specimens of
1574:
1572:
1568:
1565:). Note that
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:New Caledonia
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1445:E. ramiflorus
1441:
1440:
1439:E. ptilanthus
1435:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:E. altisectus
1388:, along with
1387:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:New Caledonia
1349:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:E. hebridarum
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1261:E. sphaericus
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:E. sphaericus
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:E. sphaericus
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:he describes
1200:
1197:. In section
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
948:
946:
942:
938:
937:
932:
928:
927:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
900:
896:
895:
890:
889:Carl Linnaeus
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
854:
852:
850:
846:
842:
841:E. ptilanthus
838:
837:E. ptilanthus
834:
830:
829:E. ptilanthus
826:
825:E. ptilanthus
822:
821:cloud forests
818:
817:E. ptilanthus
814:
810:
809:
808:E. ptilanthus
803:
801:
800:
799:E. arnhemicus
794:
793:
788:
784:
782:
778:
774:
773:E. sphaericus
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:
732:
724:
722:
719:
714:
709:
705:
698:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
667:
665:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
584:
582:
580:
576:
575:
570:
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
542:
536:
532:
528:
527:
521:
519:
515:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:in India. In
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:E. sphaericus
457:
453:
449:
446:and northern
445:
444:New Caledonia
441:
437:
433:
432:
415:
412:
407:
404:
399:
396:
393:
389:
385:
382:
377:
374:
369:
366:
363:
359:
356:
353:
349:
346:
342:
337:
334:
331:
327:
324:
321:
317:
313:
310:
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208:Binomial name
205:
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116:Tracheophytes
114:
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108:
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4009:
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3943:ResearchGate
3942:
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3873:
3865:
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3801:
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3782:the original
3772:
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3746:
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3652:
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3603:
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3565:Raven, P. H.
3558:
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3048:
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3035:
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3005:
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2975:
2971:
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2890:
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2859:
2829:
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2747:
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2718:
2711:
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2675:Kew Bulletin
2674:
2670:
2666:
2604:
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2590:
2565:
2562:Kew Bulletin
2561:
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2522:. Retrieved
2496:. Retrieved
2485:
2479:
2474:B.P.M.Hyland
2429:
2425:
2419:
2394:. Retrieved
2389:
2383:
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2357:
2329:. Retrieved
2307:
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2239:. Retrieved
2232:
2208:. Retrieved
2201:
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2172:
2166:
2160:
2152:
2135:
2092:
2073:
2058:
2043:
2012:
2009:prayer beads
1996:
1980:
1970:
1961:
1950:
1947:
1944:Horticulture
1938:
1929:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1895:
1879:
1876:ellagic acid
1864:phytosterols
1851:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1764:
1755:Sierra Leone
1752:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1717:Tiwi Islands
1710:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1641:(updated to
1638:
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1624:
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1609:
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1577:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1547:île des Pins
1546:
1536:
1517:
1497:
1477:
1465:
1462:Distribution
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1421:E. kaniensis
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1346:
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1211:type species
1206:
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1198:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1164:
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1130:
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1120:
1113:
1110:Flora Indica
1109:
1103:
1099:
1087:
1084:
1058:
1057:in his book
1050:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:Paul Hermann
1011:
1003:
989:
985:
981:
974:G. sphaerica
973:
965:
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935:
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551:prayer beads
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258:
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216:
214:
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4572:Elaeocarpus
4461:iNaturalist
4394:Wikispecies
4306:kew-2785314
4223:iNaturalist
4091:Wikispecies
3293:Don, George
2927:Tab. CXXXIX
2822:Peter Raven
2750:Elaeocarpus
2727:15 February
2667:Elaeocarpus
2597:Elaeocarpus
2558:Elaeocarpus
1918:silver real
1872:gallic acid
1824:Dendrolagus
1819:Elaeocarpus
1811:Aru Islands
1803:Elaeocarpus
1749:West Africa
1677:Elaeocarpus
1586:naturalised
1468:Philippines
1385:Elaeocarpus
1191:Elaeocarpus
1170:E. ganitrus
1157:E. ganitrus
1146:Elaeocarpus
1121:E. ganitrus
1114:E. ganitrus
1105:nomina nuda
1043:Elaeocarpus
1030:E. serratus
1026:E. serratus
1000:taxonomists
998:name. Some
962:Elaeocarpus
939:" given by
926:Elaeocarpus
792:Elaeocarpus
745:Elaeocarpus
585:Description
564:Elaeocarpus
545:, meaning "
492:elaeocarpus
484:woodenbegar
456:E. ganitrus
186:Elaeocarpus
129:Angiosperms
4561:Categories
4301:Plant List
4016:11 January
3885:13 January
3837:Biotropica
3816:8 February
3791:8 February
3755:8 February
3729:14 January
3725:(1–2): 157
3659:13 January
3628:11 January
3531:13 January
3369:13 January
3305:4 February
3277:4 February
3122:8 February
3094:8 February
3068:10 January
3025:13 January
2982:18 January
2966:Elæocarpus
2898:5 February
2867:5 February
2832:(1): 7–9.
2762:15 January
2524:8 February
2472:F.A.Zich;
2432:(1): 1–6.
2366:8 February
2331:18 January
2210:4 February
2179:23 January
2144:References
2093:E. grandis
2087:Leaves in
2074:E. grandis
2059:E. grandis
2044:E. grandis
1930:kimkungtsi
1856:flavonoids
1799:E. grandis
1733:E. grandis
1729:Queensland
1687:this is a
1681:E. grandis
1663:, and its
1657:E. grandis
1633:, Fosberg
1605:E. grandis
1590:E. grandis
1571:E. grandis
1549:) and the
1526:, and the
1427:E. ornatus
1320:E. grandis
1312:E. grandis
1275:E. grandis
1193:into four
1152:E. rugosus
1138:George Don
1012:E. serrata
783:synonymy.
769:E. grandis
761:E. grandis
753:E. grandis
749:taxonomist
736:E. grandis
637:E. grandis
567:, however
513:E. grandis
165:Oxalidales
47:E. grandis
4385:Q20720014
4254:145371284
4189:250076942
4176:250076942
3693:9 January
3655:. Endemia
3467:9 January
3421:8 January
2972:Adansonia
2396:8 January
2382:"Showing
2326:221764111
2241:8 January
2136:rudraksha
1972:rudraksha
1896:rudraksha
1868:alkaloids
1860:quercetin
1742:pro parte
1719:and from
1707:Australia
1665:pro parte
1539:Prony Bay
1508:Himalayas
1415:E. fulvus
1403:E. buderi
1249:pro parte
1038:pro parte
910:Sundanese
851:samples.
718:cultivars
674:evergreen
672:It is an
653:emergents
559:Rudraksha
526:rudraksha
480:Sri Lanka
464:evergreen
450:. Common
448:Australia
392:Ettingsh.
193:Species:
99:Kingdom:
4577:Bushfood
4531:50314421
4526:Tropicos
4479:324127-1
4379:Wikidata
4241:833771-1
4082:Q2461772
4076:Wikidata
3956:19 March
3688:Hear.org
3604:Spectrum
3408:F.Muell"
3388:(1968).
3365:(1): 140
3353:(1893).
3335:(eds.).
3323:(1895).
3295:(1831).
3249:(1953).
3213:(1875).
3181:(1832).
3112:(1825).
3043:Ganitrus
2919:(1791).
2888:(1753).
2857:(1747).
2787:(1743).
2703:25451336
2695:23216389
2673:group".
2671:Ganitrus
2629:13332325
2456:84567275
2448:42770596
2262:(1985).
2106:fruits (
2019:garlands
2005:Hinduism
1983:rudrākṣa
1977:Sanskrit
1975:", from
1913:ganitris
1898:stones (
1813:, where
1809:and the
1685:Ganitrus
1667:synonym
1433:E. osiae
1397:E. avium
1380:Ganitrus
1235:Tasmania
1207:ganitrus
1199:Ganitrus
1195:sections
1081:Synonymy
980:'s 1747
966:Ganitrus
902:ganitrus
865:Moluccas
855:Taxonomy
628:glabrous
622:and the
603:pulvinus
579:garlands
555:Hinduism
541:rudrākṣa
535:Sanskrit
452:synonyms
232:Synonyms
171:Family:
142:Eudicots
76:IUCN 3.1
4505:6107020
4492:2508994
4440:4031193
4353:ZooBank
4275:NTFlora
4202:4031686
4163:2885752
3857:2387825
3221:(ed.).
3185:(ed.).
3162:4107509
2791:(ed.).
2609:Bibcode
2582:4108594
2498:24 June
2025:Gallery
1995:") and
1909:ganiter
1900:pyrenas
1866:, fat,
1761:Ecology
1711:In the
1673:section
1661:E. joga
1648:E. joga
1524:Vanuatu
1498:In the
1484:Guangxi
1338:Vanuatu
1209:as the
1034:synonym
906:ganitri
863:in the
747:expert
693:locules
620:stamens
611:pedicel
607:racemes
599:petiole
529:in the
504:genitri
494:in the
417:Gaertn.
388:Gaertn.
379:Schltr.
352:Schltr.
343:) Knuth
284:Maingay
272:(Raf.)
181:Genus:
161:Order:
103:Plantae
74: (
4466:430972
4414:589432
4293:367704
4267:184418
4228:122295
4137:354798
4111:115318
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3855:
3649:Blume"
3581:
3160:
3090:. APNI
2701:
2693:
2627:
2601:Nature
2580:
2454:
2446:
2324:
2108:drupes
1934:Codjas
1926:Tasbih
1894:Dried
1725:Wadeye
1627:Schum.
1488:Hainan
1480:Yunnan
1071:Leiden
933:, of "
897:. The
885:V.O.C.
689:pyrena
681:drupes
615:sepals
533:(from
508:Hawaii
341:Hochr.
306:Hemsl.
155:Rosids
4453:14945
4427:38XQJ
4314:Plazi
4215:14940
4150:38XHQ
3879:(PDF)
3853:JSTOR
3810:(PDF)
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3327:. In
3217:. In
3158:JSTOR
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2756:(PDF)
2699:S2CID
2691:JSTOR
2625:S2CID
2578:JSTOR
2452:S2CID
2444:JSTOR
2322:S2CID
2134:Ripe
1999:akṣha
1993:Shiva
1989:Rudra
1964:Hindi
1807:Seram
1701:Palau
1653:et al
1635:et al
1625:sensu
1601:Samoa
1563:Ouvéa
1555:Lifou
1474:China
1271:taxon
1124:Roxb.
996:taxon
914:Malay
861:Ambon
668:Fruit
632:drupe
624:style
547:Rudra
506:. In
472:drupe
440:India
409:Merr.
401:Merr.
371:Warb.
362:Warb.
330:Knuth
320:G.Don
316:Roxb.
297:Merr.
288:Mast.
274:Merr.
263:Elmer
224:Blume
149:Clade
136:Clade
123:Clade
110:Clade
4513:POWO
4487:NCBI
4474:IPNI
4448:GRIN
4435:GBIF
4409:BOLD
4327:POWO
4280:1882
4262:NCBI
4249:IUCN
4236:IPNI
4210:GRIN
4197:GBIF
4132:BOLD
4119:ATRF
4106:APNI
4037:ISBN
4018:2022
3958:2022
3918:ISBN
3887:2022
3818:2021
3793:2021
3757:2021
3731:2022
3695:2020
3661:2022
3630:2022
3579:ISBN
3533:2022
3469:2022
3423:2022
3371:2022
3307:2021
3279:2021
3146:1925
3124:2021
3096:2021
3070:2022
3027:2022
2984:2022
2900:2021
2869:2021
2764:2022
2729:2021
2526:2021
2500:2021
2398:2022
2368:2021
2333:2022
2243:2022
2212:2021
2181:2023
2173:2019
2014:mala
1962:The
1886:Uses
1874:and
1835:(as
1612:Guam
1582:Oahu
1559:Maré
1543:Poum
1532:Fiji
1486:and
1448:and
1344:and
1155:and
1008:type
912:and
713:mala
646:taxa
574:mala
502:and
486:and
458:and
454:are
253:Raf.
241:List
4539:WFO
4422:CoL
4340:WFO
4184:FoC
4171:FNA
4158:EoL
4145:CoL
3985:doi
3975:".
3947:doi
3910:doi
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3229:doi
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