373:
differences. In asking around, they found that most of these studies had found no gender differences, but the researchers had been unable to publish these findings. Because of the findings, both
Maccoby and Jacklin made the executive decision to include as many unpublished studies they could find in an attempt to agree with the publication bias. The message that Maccoby and Jacklin had been trying to convey became well known and as feminist scholars during the time were extremely concerned with the evidence of the similarities men and women have. The finished book known as, The Psychology of Sex Differences is now considered to be a classic piece and had been cited more than five thousand times.
369:
gender was impacting her ability to excel at
Harvard which had then turned her to taking the position at Stanford University. Maccoby had always identified as a feminist, but the feminist issues were not always an issue. Until a group of student protesters had publicly announced the salaries of faculty members, which showed Maccoby to be one of the lowest paid faculty on campus. Some of her growth occurred through her participation in sexual harassment issues that were taking place on campus. More of the development had occurred through working side by side with Carol Jacklin who was her post-doctoral student.
346:
anti-nepotism rules that had come into consideration, Nathan had taken a job in the
Communications Department at Stanford while Eleanor took the position within the Psychology Department. While Eleanor was at Stanford, she was asked if she would be able to fill a teaching position in child psychology. Eleanor Maccoby was excited about her offer and had the chance to be able to split her time between teaching and balancing the three new children that she and her husband had adopted.
334:, which include: a set of studies on selective attention to viewer-relevant content in films, a study of the impact of television on children's use of time, a study of the community control of juvenile delinquency, and a study of first time voters and the family dynamics that led young people adopting or not adopting their parents' voting preferences. Maccoby also coedited the third edition of
387:
During the 1990s, Eleanor
Maccoby had begun to center her focus and research on the impact that divorce has on children. The research on divorce on children had been a longitudinal investigation with looking into the effect that divorce had on families. This then prompted Maccoby to write two more
372:
Together, they worked on a parent-child interaction project. This project quickly became a topic for debate due to the psychological literature that was being used on the differences between women and men. Both
Maccoby and Jacklin had decided to do a systematic review of the literature on gender
368:
Maccoby is best known for her research in developmental psychology, her research on gender and sex roles, studies on selective attention, investigations into the impact of divorce on children and was the first woman to chair the
Stanford Psychology Department. Eleanor had begun to feel as if her
203:
Eleanor and Nathan adopted three children. Their first child, Janice
Maccoby, was adopted in 1952. Four years later they adopted their second child, Sarah Maccoby, and soon after their third child, Mark Maccoby. Eleanor Macoby assumed most of the unpaid work of the family, working in her paid
345:
After graduating from the
University of Michigan, Maccoby had taken on a position at Harvard University in Massachusetts. Although unknown to most people, both Eleanor and her husband, Nathan were offered positions in the psychology department at Stanford University. In order to obey by the
1144:
319:(Sears, Maccoby, & Levin, 1957). A coworker, Robert Sears was in the process of planning a study of socialization practices and their relation to personality development in young children and offered Maccoby to assist with the study.
248:
After completing her secondary education, Maccoby attended Reed
College for two years, where she was exposed to behaviorist psychology. Maccoby then transferred to the University of Washington where she received her B.A. (1939).
226:. Maccoby and Jacklin started to work on studies involving inequality between men and women. This led to research involving differences and similarities in boys and girls, which soon led into what Maccoby became renowned for.
353:. Her research has taken multiple different approaches throughout her career at Stanford University. In 1974, Maccoby and her colleague Jacklin published their research on sex differences in Maccoby's most well known book,
127:, where she served as a professor, member and chair of the department of psychology and conducted various research. Her research resulted in multiple publications with her most recognized publication being her book,
1114:
272:
led to vast advancements in medical research as well as a new understanding of the importance of mental health and developmental psychology. Eleanor E. Maccoby started her career in child development after
322:
Maccoby took on the role of managing the portion of the study that involved interviewing the mothers concerning their child-rearing practices; many believe this is where she realized her interest in
1104:
143:
Eleanor Emmons was born on May 15, 1917. She was the second oldest of four daughters born to Eugene and Viva Emmons. Maccoby's mother was a singer/musician and her father owned a small business in
1109:
357:. In 1980, Maccoby began a large-scale longitudinal study evaluating parent-child relationships before, during, and after parental divorce; since 1980, Maccoby has published her book,
131:(1966). Maccoby has received numerous awards for her work; however, in 2000 Maccoby was named the first-ever recipient of an award named in her honor, which was The Maccoby Award. The
330:. At Harvard, she taught child psychology and published her research in areas such as social behavior in infants and child-rearing. She conducted other research during her time at
185:, where she met her husband, Nathan Maccoby. They courted for one year then married in 1938. Nathan was a psychology graduate student. In 1940, Eleanor moved with her husband to
1139:
376:
Other work
Maccoby completed at Stanford University consisted of organizing a yearlong faculty seminar on sex differences and edited the book that emerged from this seminar (
196:
Eleanor Maccoby earned her bachelor's degree in 1939 from the University of Washington. She earned her master's degree in 1949 and her doctorate degree in 1950 from the
1005:
365:
and sex differences. Maccoby is credited to having well over one hundred publications, making her one of the most influential child development/social psychologists.
1099:
1094:
307:
Completing her dissertation at Harvard University opened many career and research opportunities for Maccoby. Maccoby served as a professor and researcher at
838:
479:
413:
100:(May 15, 1917 – December 11, 2018) was an American psychologist who was most recognized for her research and scholarly contributions to the fields of
1119:
1129:
419:
She received the G. Stanley Hall Award for Distinguished Contributions to Developmental Psychology in 1982 from Division 7 of the APA and the
264:. While studying with Guthrie, Maccoby was intrigued by his contiguity-based stimulus-response learning theory. She earned her M.A. from the
204:
employment part-time, postponing publishing anything for five to six years during this time so she could spend more time with her children.
1134:
412:, president of Division 7 (Developmental Psychology) of the American Psychological Association from 1971 to 1972, and president of the
132:
719:
655:
420:
409:
416:
from 1981 to 1983. From 1973 to 1976, she served as chair of the Psychology Department at Stanford, the first woman to do so.
1013:
211:. Nathan worked in the Communications Department and Eleanor worked in the Psychology Department teaching child psychology.
1035:
108:. Throughout her career she studied sex differences, gender development, gender differentiation, parent-child relations,
1124:
515:
189:, where he had a job at the US Civil Service Commission. They remained in Washington, D.C. till 1947 when they moved to
859:
123:. She also did her dissertation research in Skinner's Harvard laboratory. Maccoby continued her psychology career at
925:"Which Psychologists Prominent in the Second Half of This Century Made Lasting Contributions to Psychological Theory?"
423:
Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996. Division 7 of the APA, presents an award in her name known as the Maccoby Award.
408:
Maccoby received several awards for her contributions to developmental psychology. She was elected president of the
493:
Society for Research in Child Development Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions in Educational Research
540:
253:
182:
105:
1068:
979:
569:
301:
278:
265:
197:
116:
230:
67:
1089:
1084:
924:
297:
350:
208:
124:
952:
787:
380:, Maccoby, 1966). Maccoby also was involved in a Social Science Research Council that focused on
339:
331:
312:
308:
293:
219:
163:
144:
48:
135:
listed Maccoby as number 70 out of 100 for the most eminent psychologists of the 20th century.
944:
779:
715:
707:
651:
643:
577:
362:
327:
300:
study involving pigeons. Within the following year, Maccoby was able to earn her PhD from the
222:, who also was involved in the feminist movement for front issues that were rising due to the
109:
396:
with co-authors Christy Buchanan and Sanford Dornbusch. One of her earliest publications was
1145:
APA Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology recipients
936:
902:
769:
617:
186:
170:
839:"Today faculty and friends celebrated Eleanor Maccoby's 100th birthday at the Faculty Club"
774:
465:
361:, in 1998 and has continued working towards increasing the knowledge and understanding of
323:
757:
891:"Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in Psychological Science: Eleanor Emmons Maccoby"
972:
940:
292:
offered to let Maccoby use his automated data recording equipment in his laboratory at
101:
1078:
956:
791:
381:
261:
155:
151:
120:
738:
680:
289:
285:
274:
269:
174:
288:. Maccoby had completed all the requirements for her PhD except the dissertation.
150:
Her family's beliefs and way of life were unusual for that time period. They were
1043:
890:
605:
237:
223:
1012:. Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences. Archived from
906:
813:
257:
948:
783:
581:
233:
at the age of 80. They were married for 54 years and had five grandchildren.
970:
Maccoby, Eleanor E.; Newcomb, Theodore M.; Hartley, Eugene L., eds. (1958).
159:
215:
190:
570:"Eleanor Maccoby, Pathbreaker on How Boys and Girls Differ, Dies at 101"
606:"Awards for distinguished scientific contributions: Eleanor E. Maccoby"
178:
154:, interested in eastern thought and religious doctrines which included
621:
454:
Stanford University Walter J. Gores Award for Excellence in Teaching
685:
Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Society
528:
Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Psychology Foundation
426:
On December 11, 2018 at the age of 101, Maccoby died of pneumonia.
349:
In 1958, Maccoby and her husband were offered faculty positions at
642:
Sheehy, Noel; Chapman, Antony J.; Conroy, Wendy A., eds. (1997).
400:
published in 1957, which examined the parent-child relationship.
236:
At age 99, Maccoby wrote a book-length account of her life. She
91:
Stanford University, (1958–2018) Harvard University, (1950–1957)
482:
Award for Distinguished Contributions in Educational Research
443:
Barbara Kimball Browning Professorship at Stanford University
240:
in May 2017 and died at the age of 101 on December 11, 2018.
277:
ended by working in Boston before completing her PhD at the
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
739:"Nathan Maccoby, professor emeritus of communication, dies"
311:
from 1950 to 1957. Maccoby's most known research while at
1115:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1040:
Psychology's Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive
616:(4). American Psychological Association: 621–623. 1989.
177:
for two years. After those first two years she moved to
1071:
Stanford Historical Society Oral History Program, 2011.
162:, and occult phenomena. Maccoby spent her childhood in
296:. She then completed her dissertation research on an
112:, and social development from the child perspective.
1105:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
650:. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 367–370.
468:
Award of APA's Division of Developmental Psychology
1110:
Harvard University Department of Psychology faculty
860:"Stanford psychologist Eleanor Maccoby dies at 101"
712:
Women in Psychology: A Bio-bibliographic Sourcebook
87:
75:
56:
30:
23:
1000:
998:
996:
971:
504:APA Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award
207:In 1958, Eleanor and Nathan were offered jobs at
315:was a research study that resulted in the book,
710:. In O'Connell, Agnes N.; Russo, N. F. (eds.).
637:
635:
633:
631:
284:Maccoby was given the opportunity to work with
733:
731:
229:In 1992, Eleanor's husband, Nathan, died of a
8:
1140:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
1069:"Eleanor Emmons Maccoby: An Oral History,"
918:
916:
568:Seelye, Katharine Q. (December 22, 2018).
115:Maccoby earned her M.A and Ph.D. from the
20:
773:
762:Annual Review of Developmental Psychology
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
600:
598:
480:American Educational Research Association
414:Society for Research in Child Development
854:
852:
428:
560:
388:books on the topic. The books include,
775:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-085029
756:Maccoby, Eleanor (December 24, 2019).
392:with the co-author Robert Mnookin and
758:"Eleanor Maccoby: An Abridged Memoir"
648:Biographical Dictionary of Psychology
7:
1100:American developmental psychologists
539:APA's Eleanor Maccoby Book Award in
83:BA, University of Washington, (1939)
79:PhD, University of Michigan, (1950)
1095:20th-century American psychologists
81:MA, University of Michigan, (1949)
941:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00464.x
378:The Development of Sex Differences
244:Educational and vocational history
133:American Psychological Association
129:The Development of Sex Differences
14:
421:American Psychological Foundation
410:Western Psychological Association
355:The Psychology of Sex Differences
326:, parental responsibilities, and
708:"Eleanor Emmons Maccoby (1917-)"
1120:Writers from Tacoma, Washington
1:
1130:University of Michigan alumni
1042:. Ball, Laura. Archived from
1006:"In Honor of Eleanor Maccoby"
989:– via Internet Archive.
974:Readings in Social Psychology
714:. New York: Greenwood Press.
336:Readings in Social Psychology
214:Maccoby considered herself a
706:O'Connell, Agnes N. (1990).
516:National Academy of Sciences
1135:American women centenarians
923:Hilgard, Ernest R. (1993).
901:(8): 757–759. August 1996.
1161:
1036:"Profile: Eleanor Maccoby"
978:(3rd ed.). New York:
907:10.1037/0003-066X.51.8.757
218:, and at Stanford she met
644:"Maccoby, Eleanor Emmons"
398:Patterns of Child Rearing
394:Adolescents After Divorce
317:Patterns of Child-Rearing
681:"Eleanor Emmons Maccoby"
541:Developmental Psychology
268:in 1949. The end of the
254:University of Washington
183:University of Washington
106:developmental psychology
119:where she worked under
980:Henry Holt and Company
302:University of Michigan
279:University of Michigan
266:University of Michigan
198:University of Michigan
117:University of Michigan
98:Eleanor Emmons Maccoby
25:Eleanor Emmons Maccoby
929:Psychological Science
895:American Psychologist
610:American Psychologist
173:, where she attended
169:In 1934 she moved to
68:Palo Alto, California
16:American psychologist
1046:on February 24, 2020
866:. December 14, 2018.
814:"A Memoir 1917-2017"
687:. Webster University
298:operant conditioning
252:While attending the
1125:Reed College alumni
864:Stanford University
843:Stanford University
743:Stanford University
351:Stanford University
338:during her time at
209:Stanford University
179:Seattle, Washington
125:Stanford University
812:Maccoby, Eleanor.
574:The New York Times
390:Dividing the Child
340:Harvard University
332:Harvard University
313:Harvard University
309:Harvard University
294:Harvard University
220:Carol Nagy Jacklin
164:Tacoma, Washington
145:Tacoma, Washington
49:Tacoma, Washington
1016:on April 28, 2016
745:. April 17, 1992.
552:
551:
363:child development
328:child development
260:and studied with
181:and attended the
110:child development
95:
94:
60:December 11, 2018
1152:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1010:FABBS Foundation
1002:
991:
990:
988:
986:
977:
967:
961:
960:
920:
911:
910:
887:
868:
867:
856:
847:
846:
835:
829:
828:
826:
824:
809:
803:
802:
800:
798:
777:
753:
747:
746:
735:
726:
725:
703:
697:
696:
694:
692:
677:
662:
661:
639:
626:
625:
622:10.1037/h0092102
602:
593:
592:
590:
588:
565:
429:
187:Washington, D.C.
171:Portland, Oregon
63:
44:
42:
21:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1004:
1003:
994:
984:
982:
969:
968:
964:
922:
921:
914:
889:
888:
871:
858:
857:
850:
837:
836:
832:
822:
820:
811:
810:
806:
796:
794:
755:
754:
750:
737:
736:
729:
722:
705:
704:
700:
690:
688:
679:
678:
665:
658:
641:
640:
629:
604:
603:
596:
586:
584:
567:
566:
562:
557:
466:G. Stanley Hall
406:
324:sex differences
256:she majored in
246:
141:
88:Organization(s)
71:
65:
64:(aged 101)
61:
52:
46:
40:
38:
37:
36:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1158:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1063:External links
1061:
1058:
1057:
1027:
992:
962:
912:
869:
848:
845:. May 4, 2017.
830:
818:Annual Reviews
804:
748:
727:
720:
698:
663:
656:
627:
594:
559:
558:
556:
553:
550:
549:
546:
543:
536:
535:
532:
529:
525:
524:
521:
518:
512:
511:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
494:
490:
489:
486:
483:
476:
475:
472:
469:
462:
461:
458:
455:
451:
450:
447:
444:
440:
439:
436:
433:
405:
402:
245:
242:
140:
137:
102:gender studies
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
77:
73:
72:
66:
58:
54:
53:
47:
35:Eleanor Emmons
34:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1157:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
981:
976:
975:
966:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
919:
917:
913:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
870:
865:
861:
855:
853:
849:
844:
840:
834:
831:
819:
815:
808:
805:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
752:
749:
744:
740:
734:
732:
728:
723:
721:9780313260919
717:
713:
709:
702:
699:
686:
682:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
664:
659:
657:9781136798856
653:
649:
645:
638:
636:
634:
632:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
601:
599:
595:
583:
579:
575:
571:
564:
561:
554:
547:
544:
542:
538:
537:
533:
530:
527:
526:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
509:
506:
503:
502:
498:
495:
492:
491:
487:
484:
481:
478:
477:
473:
470:
467:
464:
463:
459:
456:
453:
452:
448:
445:
442:
441:
437:
434:
431:
430:
427:
424:
422:
417:
415:
411:
403:
401:
399:
395:
391:
385:
383:
382:socialization
379:
374:
370:
366:
364:
360:
359:The Two Sexes
356:
352:
347:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
271:
267:
263:
262:Edwin Guthrie
259:
255:
250:
243:
241:
239:
234:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
205:
201:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
156:reincarnation
153:
148:
146:
138:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:B. F. Skinner
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
59:
55:
50:
33:
29:
22:
19:
1048:. Retrieved
1044:the original
1039:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
1009:
983:. Retrieved
973:
965:
935:(2): 70–80.
932:
928:
898:
894:
863:
842:
833:
821:. Retrieved
817:
807:
795:. Retrieved
765:
761:
751:
742:
711:
701:
689:. Retrieved
684:
647:
613:
609:
587:November 26,
585:. Retrieved
573:
563:
425:
418:
407:
397:
393:
389:
386:
377:
375:
371:
367:
358:
354:
348:
344:
335:
321:
316:
306:
290:B.F. Skinner
286:B.F. Skinner
283:
275:World War II
270:World War II
251:
247:
235:
231:heart attack
228:
213:
206:
202:
195:
175:Reed College
168:
149:
142:
128:
114:
97:
96:
80:
62:(2018-12-11)
45:May 15, 1917
18:
1090:2018 deaths
1085:1917 births
823:November 8,
797:November 8,
768:(1): 1–20.
224:Vietnam War
152:vegetarians
1079:Categories
555:References
258:psychology
238:turned 100
41:1917-05-15
1020:April 28,
957:145147338
949:0956-7976
792:213269766
784:2640-7922
691:April 28,
582:0362-4331
160:astrology
139:Biography
76:Education
985:June 25,
304:(1950).
216:feminist
191:Michigan
438:Status
1050:May 3,
955:
947:
790:
782:
718:
654:
580:
432:Award
404:Honors
70:, U.S.
51:, U.S.
953:S2CID
788:S2CID
545:2000
531:1996
520:1993
507:1988
496:1987
485:1984
471:1982
457:1981
446:1979
435:Year
1052:2016
1022:2016
987:2024
945:ISSN
825:2021
799:2021
780:ISSN
716:ISBN
693:2016
652:ISBN
589:2019
578:ISSN
548:Won
534:Won
523:Won
510:Won
499:Won
488:Won
474:Won
460:Won
449:Won
104:and
57:Died
31:Born
937:doi
903:doi
770:doi
618:doi
1081::
1038:.
1008:.
995:^
951:.
943:.
931:.
927:.
915:^
899:51
897:.
893:.
872:^
862:.
851:^
841:.
816:.
786:.
778:.
764:.
760:.
741:.
730:^
683:.
666:^
646:.
630:^
614:44
612:.
608:.
597:^
576:.
572:.
384:.
342:.
281:.
200:.
193:.
166:.
158:,
147:.
1054:.
1024:.
959:.
939::
933:4
909:.
905::
827:.
801:.
772::
766:1
724:.
695:.
660:.
624:.
620::
591:.
43:)
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.