17:
1273:
Baba, Akira; Tian, Shengjun; Stefani, Fernando; Xia, Chuanjun; Wang, Zhehui; Advincula, Rigoberto C; Johannsmann, Diethelm; Knoll, Wolfgang (Jan 2004). "Electropolymerization and doping/dedoping properties of polyaniline thin films as studied by electrochemical-surface plasmon spectroscopy and by the
696:
EQCM can be used to monitor the chemical reaction occurring on the electrode, which offers the optimized reaction condition by comparing the influence factors during the synthesis process. Some previous work has already investigated the polymerization process and charge transport properties, polymer
830:
EQCM can be used to study the process of adsorption and oxidation of fuel molecules on the electrode surface, and the effect of electrode catalyst or other additives on the electrode, such as assessment of polypyrrole internal Pt load in the polypyrrole/platinum composites fuel cell, methanol fuel
51:
As a high mass sensitive in-situ measurement, EQCM is suitable to monitor the dynamic response of reactions at the electrode–solution interface at the applied potential. When the potential of a QCM metal electrode changes, a negative or positive mass change is monitored depending on the ratio of
839:
composite fuel cells. EQCM can also be used to study the energy storage performance and influencing factors of supercapacitors and electrochemical capacitors. For example, EQCM is used to study the ion movement gauge of conductive polymer of capacitor on cathode. Some work studied the EQCM
1237:
Bose, C. S. C.; Basak, S.; Rajeshwar, K. (Nov 1992). "Electrochemistry of poly(pyrrole chloride) films: a study of polymerization efficiency, ion transport during redox and doping level assay by electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry, pH and ion-selective electrode measurements".
43:
part and a QCM part. Two electrodes on both sides of the quartz crystal serve two purposes. Firstly, an alternating electric field is generated between the two electrodes for making up the oscillator. Secondly, the electrode contacting electrolyte is used as a
753:
studied Fe-17Cr-33Mo/ Fe-25Cr alloy electrodes mass changes during the potential sweep and potential step experiments in the passive potential region in an acidic and a basic electrolyte. Another previous work used EQCM and SEM to study the influence of
1608:
Kawaguchi, Toshikazu; Yasuda, Hiroaki; Shimazu, Katsuaki; Porter, Marc D. (Dec 2000). "Electrochemical Quartz
Crystal Microbalance Investigation of the Reductive Desorption of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiols and Mercaptoalkanoic Acids on Au".
1380:
Bohannan, Eric W.; Huang, Ling-Yuang; Miller, F. Scott; Shumsky, Mark G.; Switzer, Jay A. (Feb 1999). "In Situ
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study of Potential Oscillations during the Electrodeposition of Cu/Cu2O Layered Nanostructures".
169:
840:
application in solar energy, which is mostly additive and thin film material related, for instance, using EQCM to study the electrochemical deposition process and stability of Co-Pi oxygen evolution catalyst for solar storage.
1344:
Aurbach, D.; Moshkovich, M.; Cohen, Y.; Schechter, A. (April 1999). "The Study of
Surface Film Formation on Noble-Metal Electrodes in Alkyl Carbonates/Li Salt Solutions, Using Simultaneous in Situ AFM, EQCM, FTIR, and EIS".
48:(WE), together with a counter electrode (CE) and a reference electrode (RE), in the potentiostatic circuit constituting the electrochemistry cell. Thus, the working electrode of electrochemistry cell is the sensor of QCM.
682:
1876:
Levi, Mikhael D.; Salitra, Grigory; Levy, Naomi; Aurbach, Doron; Maier, Joachim (2009-10-18). "Application of a quartz-crystal microbalance to measure ionic fluxes in microporous carbons for energy storage".
381:
1722:
Zotti, Gianni; Zecchin, Sandro; Schiavon, Gilberto; Groenendaal, L. “Bert” (Oct 2000). "Conductive and
Magnetic Properties of 3,4-Dimethoxy- and 3,4-Ethylenedioxy-Capped Polypyrrole and Polythiophene".
1486:
Schmutz, P; Landolt, D (November 1999). "In-situ microgravimetric studies of passive alloys: potential sweep and potential step experiments with Fe–25Cr and Fe–17Cr–33Mo in acid and alkaline solution".
1644:
Zotti, G.; Schiavon, G.; Zecchin, S. (June 1995). "Irreversible processes in the electrochemical reduction of polythiophenes. Chemical modifications of the polymer and charge-trapping phenomena".
522:
1573:
Schneider, Thomas W.; Buttry, Daniel A. (Dec 1993). "Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of adsorption and desorption of self-assembled monolayers of alkyl thiols on gold".
322:
1309:
Kvarnström, C.; Neugebauer, H.; Blomquist, S.; Ahonen, H.J.; Kankare, J.; Ivaska, A. (April 1999). "In situ spectroelectrochemical characterization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)".
1167:
Baker, Charles K.; Qiu, Yong Jian; Reynolds, John R. (May 1991). "Electrochemically-induced charge and mass transport in polypyrrole/poly(styrene sulfonate) molecular composites".
1980:
Irshad, Ahamed; Munichandraiah, Nookala (2013-04-11). "EQCM Investigation of
Electrochemical Deposition and Stability of Co–Pi Oxygen Evolution Catalyst of Solar Energy Storage".
463:
1825:
Argirusis, Chr.; Matić, S.; Schneider, O. (Oct 2008). "An EQCM study of ultrasonically assisted electrodeposition of Co/CeO2and Ni/CeO2composites for fuel cell applications".
1202:
Chung, Sun-Mi; Paik, Woon-kie; Yeo, In-Hyeong (Jan 1997). "A study on the initial growth of polypyrrole on a gold electrode by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance".
77:
903:
Bruckenstein, Stanley; Shay, Michael (June 1985). "An in situ weighing study of the mechanism for the formation of the adsorbed oxygen monolayer at a gold electrode".
857:
Schumacher, R.; Borges, G.; Kanazawa, K.K. (November 1985). "The quartz microbalance: A sensitive tool to probe surface reconstructions on gold electrodes in liquid".
612:
589:
428:
194:
551:
257:
226:
1451:
Lu, Z.; Schechter, A.; Moshkovich, M.; Aurbach, D. (May 1999). "On the electrochemical behavior of magnesium electrodes in polar aprotic electrolyte solutions".
405:
1416:
Chen, S.-M. (March 2002). "Preparation, characterization, and electrocatalytic oxidation properties of iron, cobalt, nickel, and indium hexacyanoferrate".
713:
and EQCM to study the effect of different conditions on the formation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film structure, and using EQCM, together with
733:
EQCM is broadly used to study the deposition/dissolution process on electrode surface, such as the oscillation of electrode potential during Cu/CuO
1040:
Schmutz, P.; Landolt, D. (December 1999). "Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study of the transient response of passive Fe–25Cr alloy".
815:
718:
710:
831:
cell anodizing process, and electrodeposition of cerium oxide suspended nanoparticles doped with gadolinium oxide under the ultrasound for Co/CeO
822:, they used EQCM to study conductivity and magnetic properties of 3,4-dimethoxy and 3,4-ethylenedioxy-terminated polypyrrole and polythiophene.
1679:
Naoi, Katsuhiko (1995). "Electrochemistry of
Surfactant-Doped Polypyrrole Film(I): Formation of Columnar Structure by Electropolymerization".
1775:
811:
787:
725:, to investigate the film formation process in the alkyl carbonate/lithium salt electrolyte solution on precious metal electrodes surfaces.
619:
68:
and QCM measured frequency shift. The sensitivity factor is only valid when the mass change on the electrode is homogenous. Otherwise,
333:
749:
and corrosion protection study, which is usually combined with other characterization technologies. A previous work used EQCM and
750:
270:
In a certain electrolyte solution, a metal film will deposited on the working electrode, which is the QCM sensor surface of QCM.
819:
722:
2026:
473:
981:
741:
in calcium nitrate and barium nitrate electrolyte solution, and the Mg electrode electrochemical behaviour in various
36:
1790:
WU, Q; ZHEN, C; ZHOU, Z; SUN, S (Feb 2008). "Electrochemical
Behavior of Irreversibly Adsorbed Sb on Au Electrode".
275:
2021:
938:
Kanazawa, K. Keiji.; Gordon, Joseph G. (July 1985). "Frequency of a quartz microbalance in contact with liquid".
767:
701:
and its derivatives. EQCM was used to study electro-polymerization process and doping/de-doping properties of
806:
and EQCM investigated growth of polypyrrole film in anionic surfactant micellar solution. Then combing with
803:
714:
1953:
1145:
791:
742:
433:
782:
together with other electrochemical measurements or surface characterization methods. A team has used
1886:
1834:
1688:
1539:
1496:
1107:
993:
866:
554:
40:
982:"The Effect of Current and Nickel Nitrate Concentration on the Deposition of Nickel Hydroxide Films"
164:{\displaystyle \Delta f=-\left({\frac {2f_{o}^{2}}{S{\sqrt {\mu \rho }}}}\right)\Delta m=-K\Delta m}
1941:
1858:
1017:
807:
783:
709:
process, sometimes it is necessary to combine other characterization technologies, such as using
1530:
Scendo, M. (Feb 2007). "The effect of purine on the corrosion of copper in chloride solutions".
1997:
1910:
1902:
1850:
1807:
1771:
1740:
1704:
1661:
1626:
1590:
1555:
1512:
1468:
1433:
1398:
1362:
1326:
1291:
1255:
1219:
1184:
1123:
1057:
1009:
955:
920:
882:
770:
of long chain alkyl mercaptan and alkanethiol and mercaptoalkanoic on gold electrode surface.
594:
571:
410:
176:
45:
1989:
1933:
1929:
1894:
1842:
1799:
1763:
1732:
1696:
1653:
1618:
1582:
1547:
1504:
1460:
1425:
1390:
1354:
1318:
1283:
1247:
1211:
1176:
1115:
1049:
1001:
947:
912:
874:
738:
706:
562:
32:
529:
235:
1966:
211:
52:
anions adoption on the electrode surface and the dissolution of metal ions into solution.
758:(PU) on Cu electrode corrosion and spontaneous dissolution in NaCl electrolyte solution.
1890:
1838:
1692:
1543:
1500:
1111:
1098:
Gabrielli, C. (1991). "Calibration of the
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance".
997:
870:
737:
layered nanostructure electrodeposition, deposition growth process of cobalt and nickel
558:
390:
327:
65:
1803:
1508:
1464:
1429:
1322:
1215:
1053:
916:
2015:
1862:
1657:
878:
795:
1945:
1021:
1758:
Schmidt, V. M.; Stimming, U. (1996), "Fuel Cell
Systems for Vehicle Applications",
1287:
799:
1767:
1551:
702:
698:
384:
2001:
1906:
1854:
1811:
1744:
1708:
1665:
1630:
1594:
1559:
1516:
1472:
1437:
1402:
1366:
1330:
1295:
1259:
1223:
1188:
1127:
1061:
1013:
959:
924:
886:
39:, which was generated in the eighties. Typically, an EQCM device contains an
746:
1914:
1846:
779:
1586:
1251:
1180:
951:
905:
1993:
1736:
1700:
1622:
1394:
1358:
1119:
1005:
1898:
755:
697:
film growth on gold electrode surface, and polymerization process of
260:
229:
201:
1937:
1930:"Polymeric electrolytes for ambient temperature lithium batteries"
677:{\displaystyle K=-{\frac {zF}{A_{m}}}{\frac {\Delta f}{\Delta Q}}}
568:
The experimental sensitivity of the EQCM is calculated by combing
15:
1760:
New Promising Electrochemical Systems for Rechargeable Batteries
16:
745:
electrolyte solutions. EQCM can be used as a powerful tool for
64:
can be calculated by combing the electrochemical cell measured
376:{\displaystyle {\frac {\Delta Q}{C}}\cdot \mathrm {cm} ^{-2}}
1146:"Application of Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance"
705:
film on gold electrode surface as well. To investigate the
729:
Application of EQCM in electrodeposition and dissolution
72:
is taken as the average sensitivity factor of the EQCM.
1762:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 233–246,
622:
597:
574:
532:
476:
436:
413:
393:
336:
278:
238:
214:
179:
80:
20:
Schematic Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance
826:
Application of EQCM in energy conversion and storage
517:{\displaystyle \Delta m={\frac {A_{m}}{zF}}\Delta Q}
676:
606:
583:
545:
516:
457:
422:
399:
375:
316:
251:
220:
188:
163:
774:Application of EQCM in polymer modified electrode
267:is the intrinsic sensitivity factor of the EQCM.
762:Application of EQCM in adsorption and desorption
468:The active areal mass density is calculated by
794:and EQCM studied irreversible changes of some
317:{\displaystyle M^{z+}+ze^{-}\longrightarrow M}
8:
798:in the electrochemical reduction process in
778:EQCM can be used to ideally modify polymer
25:Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance
383:) is involved in the electro-reduction of
654:
646:
632:
621:
596:
573:
537:
531:
492:
486:
475:
435:
412:
392:
364:
356:
337:
335:
302:
283:
277:
243:
237:
213:
178:
123:
112:
107:
97:
79:
1575:Journal of the American Chemical Society
849:
692:Application of EQCM in electrosynthesis
1962:
1951:
1681:Journal of the Electrochemical Society
1453:Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
1418:Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
1276:Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
1100:Journal of the Electrochemical Society
986:Journal of the Electrochemical Society
196:is the measured frequency shift (Hz),
1093:
1091:
7:
1139:
1137:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1035:
1033:
1031:
975:
973:
971:
969:
898:
896:
1982:The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
665:
657:
598:
575:
508:
477:
458:{\displaystyle \Delta Q=I\Delta t}
449:
437:
414:
360:
357:
340:
208:is the density of quartz crystal,
180:
155:
140:
81:
14:
1240:The Journal of Physical Chemistry
1169:The Journal of Physical Chemistry
980:Streinz, Christopher C. (1995).
766:EQCM has been used to study the
1928:Farrington, G.C. (1991-07-01).
1288:10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.08.012
1274:quartz crystal microbalance".
308:
1:
1804:10.1016/s1872-1508(08)60010-8
1509:10.1016/s0010-938x(99)00038-4
1465:10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00146-1
1430:10.1016/s0022-0728(02)00677-0
1323:10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00405-8
1216:10.1016/s0379-6779(97)80690-x
1054:10.1016/s0013-4686(99)00293-5
917:10.1016/s0022-0728(85)80057-7
557:of deposited metal, z is the
1768:10.1007/978-94-009-1643-2_17
1658:10.1016/0379-6779(95)03280-0
1552:10.1016/j.corsci.2006.06.022
879:10.1016/0167-2584(85)90839-4
60:The EQCM sensitivity factor
1792:Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica
37:quartz crystal microbalance
2043:
232:crystal shear modulus and
204:crystal active area (cm),
768:self-assembled monolayers
607:{\displaystyle \Delta f}
584:{\displaystyle \Delta m}
423:{\displaystyle \Delta T}
189:{\displaystyle \Delta f}
31:) is the combination of
1827:Physica Status Solidi A
859:Surface Science Letters
1961:Cite journal requires
1847:10.1002/pssa.200779409
1725:Chemistry of Materials
1144:yan, xiao (Nov 2018).
678:
608:
585:
547:
518:
459:
424:
407:, in a period of time
401:
387:at a constant current
377:
318:
253:
222:
190:
165:
21:
1150:Progress in Chemistry
802:. Later on they used
679:
609:
586:
548:
546:{\displaystyle A_{m}}
519:
460:
425:
402:
378:
319:
254:
252:{\displaystyle f_{o}}
223:
191:
166:
41:electrochemical cells
19:
2027:Weighing instruments
940:Analytical Chemistry
620:
595:
572:
530:
474:
434:
411:
391:
334:
276:
236:
221:{\displaystyle \mu }
212:
177:
78:
1891:2009NatMa...8..872L
1839:2008PSSAR.205.2400A
1693:1995JElS..142..417N
1587:10.1021/ja00079a021
1581:(26): 12391–12397.
1544:2007Corro..49..373S
1501:1999Corro..41.2143S
1311:Electrochimica Acta
1252:10.1021/j100203a059
1181:10.1021/j100164a053
1112:1991JElS..138.2657G
1042:Electrochimica Acta
998:1995JElS..142.1084S
952:10.1021/ac00285a062
871:1985SurSL.163L.621S
263:crystal frequency.
259:is the fundamental
117:
674:
604:
581:
543:
514:
455:
420:
397:
373:
314:
249:
218:
186:
161:
103:
22:
1994:10.1021/jp312752q
1988:(16): 8001–8008.
1833:(10): 2400–2404.
1777:978-94-010-7235-9
1737:10.1021/cm000400l
1731:(10): 2996–3005.
1701:10.1149/1.2044042
1623:10.1021/la000756b
1617:(25): 9830–9840.
1532:Corrosion Science
1495:(11): 2143–2163.
1489:Corrosion Science
1395:10.1021/la980825a
1359:10.1021/la981275j
1317:(16): 2739–2750.
1246:(24): 9899–9906.
1175:(11): 4446–4452.
1120:10.1149/1.2086033
1006:10.1149/1.2044134
672:
652:
506:
400:{\displaystyle I}
350:
134:
131:
46:working electrode
2034:
2022:Electrochemistry
2006:
2005:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1949:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1899:10.1038/nmat2559
1879:Nature Materials
1873:
1867:
1866:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1646:Synthetic Metals
1641:
1635:
1634:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1353:(8): 2947–2960.
1341:
1335:
1334:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1210:(1–3): 155–156.
1204:Synthetic Metals
1199:
1193:
1192:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1106:(9): 2657–2660.
1095:
1066:
1065:
1037:
1026:
1025:
992:(4): 1084–1089.
977:
964:
963:
946:(8): 1770–1771.
935:
929:
928:
911:(1–2): 131–136.
900:
891:
890:
865:(1): L621–L626.
854:
739:hexacyanoferrate
707:electrosynthesis
687:EQCM application
683:
681:
680:
675:
673:
671:
663:
655:
653:
651:
650:
641:
633:
613:
611:
610:
605:
590:
588:
587:
582:
563:Faraday constant
552:
550:
549:
544:
542:
541:
523:
521:
520:
515:
507:
505:
497:
496:
487:
464:
462:
461:
456:
429:
427:
426:
421:
406:
404:
403:
398:
382:
380:
379:
374:
372:
371:
363:
351:
346:
338:
323:
321:
320:
315:
307:
306:
291:
290:
258:
256:
255:
250:
248:
247:
227:
225:
224:
219:
195:
193:
192:
187:
170:
168:
167:
162:
139:
135:
133:
132:
124:
118:
116:
111:
98:
56:EQCM calibration
33:electrochemistry
2042:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1960:
1950:
1938:10.2172/5176162
1927:
1926:
1922:
1885:(11): 872–875.
1875:
1874:
1870:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1097:
1096:
1069:
1039:
1038:
1029:
979:
978:
967:
937:
936:
932:
902:
901:
894:
856:
855:
851:
846:
838:
834:
828:
776:
764:
736:
731:
694:
689:
664:
656:
642:
634:
618:
617:
593:
592:
570:
569:
561:, and F is the
533:
528:
527:
498:
488:
472:
471:
432:
431:
409:
408:
389:
388:
355:
339:
332:
331:
298:
279:
274:
273:
239:
234:
233:
210:
209:
175:
174:
119:
99:
93:
76:
75:
58:
12:
11:
5:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
1972:
1963:|journal=
1920:
1868:
1817:
1798:(2): 201–204.
1782:
1776:
1750:
1714:
1687:(2): 417–422.
1671:
1652:(3): 275–281.
1636:
1600:
1565:
1538:(2): 373–390.
1522:
1478:
1459:(2): 203–217.
1443:
1424:(1–2): 29–52.
1408:
1389:(3): 813–818.
1372:
1336:
1301:
1265:
1229:
1194:
1159:
1133:
1067:
1048:(6): 899–911.
1027:
965:
930:
892:
848:
847:
845:
842:
836:
832:
827:
824:
796:polythiophenes
775:
772:
763:
760:
734:
730:
727:
693:
690:
688:
685:
670:
667:
662:
659:
649:
645:
640:
637:
631:
628:
625:
603:
600:
580:
577:
559:electrovalency
540:
536:
513:
510:
504:
501:
495:
491:
485:
482:
479:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
419:
416:
396:
370:
367:
362:
359:
354:
349:
345:
342:
328:charge density
313:
310:
305:
301:
297:
294:
289:
286:
282:
246:
242:
217:
185:
182:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
138:
130:
127:
122:
115:
110:
106:
102:
96:
92:
89:
86:
83:
66:charge density
57:
54:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2039:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:(1): 95–103.
1281:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
976:
974:
972:
970:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
934:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
899:
897:
893:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
853:
850:
843:
841:
825:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
773:
771:
769:
761:
759:
757:
752:
748:
744:
743:polar aprotic
740:
728:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
691:
686:
684:
668:
660:
647:
643:
638:
635:
629:
626:
623:
615:
601:
578:
566:
564:
560:
556:
555:atomic weight
538:
534:
524:
511:
502:
499:
493:
489:
483:
480:
469:
466:
452:
446:
443:
440:
417:
394:
386:
368:
365:
352:
347:
343:
329:
324:
311:
303:
299:
295:
292:
287:
284:
280:
271:
268:
266:
262:
244:
240:
231:
215:
207:
203:
199:
183:
171:
158:
152:
149:
146:
143:
136:
128:
125:
120:
113:
108:
104:
100:
94:
90:
87:
84:
73:
71:
67:
63:
55:
53:
49:
47:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
18:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1954:cite journal
1923:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1759:
1753:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1103:
1099:
1045:
1041:
989:
985:
943:
939:
933:
908:
904:
862:
858:
852:
829:
800:acetonitrile
777:
765:
732:
695:
616:
567:
525:
470:
467:
325:
272:
269:
264:
205:
197:
172:
74:
69:
61:
59:
50:
28:
24:
23:
1156:(11): 1701.
703:polyaniline
699:polypyrrole
2016:Categories
844:References
835:and Ni/CeO
385:metal ions
2002:1932-7447
1907:1476-1122
1863:123082512
1855:1862-6300
1812:1872-1508
1745:0897-4756
1709:0013-4651
1666:0379-6779
1631:0743-7463
1595:0002-7863
1560:0010-938X
1517:0010-938X
1473:1572-6657
1438:1572-6657
1403:0743-7463
1367:0743-7463
1331:0013-4686
1296:1572-6657
1260:0022-3654
1224:0379-6779
1189:0022-3654
1128:0013-4651
1062:0013-4686
1014:0013-4651
960:0003-2700
925:0022-0728
887:0167-2584
780:membranes
747:corrosion
666:Δ
658:Δ
630:−
599:Δ
576:Δ
509:Δ
478:Δ
450:Δ
438:Δ
415:Δ
366:−
353:⋅
341:Δ
309:⟶
304:−
216:μ
181:Δ
156:Δ
150:−
141:Δ
129:ρ
126:μ
91:−
82:Δ
1946:94438069
1915:19838184
1611:Langmuir
1383:Langmuir
1347:Langmuir
1022:52106125
1887:Bibcode
1835:Bibcode
1689:Bibcode
1540:Bibcode
1497:Bibcode
1108:Bibcode
994:Bibcode
867:Bibcode
553:is the
228:is the
200:is the
2000:
1944:
1913:
1905:
1861:
1853:
1810:
1774:
1743:
1707:
1664:
1629:
1593:
1558:
1515:
1471:
1436:
1401:
1365:
1329:
1294:
1258:
1222:
1187:
1126:
1060:
1020:
1012:
958:
923:
885:
812:UV-Vis
788:UV-Vis
756:purine
526:where
261:quartz
230:quartz
202:quartz
173:where
1942:S2CID
1859:S2CID
1018:S2CID
1998:ISSN
1967:help
1911:PMID
1903:ISSN
1851:ISSN
1808:ISSN
1772:ISBN
1741:ISSN
1705:ISSN
1662:ISSN
1627:ISSN
1591:ISSN
1556:ISSN
1513:ISSN
1469:ISSN
1434:ISSN
1399:ISSN
1363:ISSN
1327:ISSN
1292:ISSN
1256:ISSN
1220:ISSN
1185:ISSN
1124:ISSN
1058:ISSN
1010:ISSN
956:ISSN
921:ISSN
883:ISSN
816:FTIR
719:FTIR
711:FTIR
591:and
326:The
35:and
29:EQCM
1990:doi
1986:117
1934:doi
1895:doi
1843:doi
1831:205
1800:doi
1764:doi
1733:doi
1697:doi
1685:142
1654:doi
1619:doi
1583:doi
1579:115
1548:doi
1505:doi
1461:doi
1457:466
1426:doi
1422:521
1391:doi
1355:doi
1319:doi
1284:doi
1280:562
1248:doi
1212:doi
1177:doi
1116:doi
1104:138
1050:doi
1002:doi
990:142
948:doi
913:doi
909:188
875:doi
863:163
820:ESR
804:AFM
751:XPS
723:EIS
715:AFM
465:).
2018::
1996:.
1984:.
1958::
1956:}}
1952:{{
1940:.
1932:.
1909:.
1901:.
1893:.
1881:.
1857:.
1849:.
1841:.
1829:.
1806:.
1796:24
1794:.
1770:,
1739:.
1729:12
1727:.
1703:.
1695:.
1683:.
1660:.
1650:72
1648:.
1625:.
1615:16
1613:.
1589:.
1577:.
1554:.
1546:.
1536:49
1534:.
1511:.
1503:.
1493:41
1491:.
1467:.
1455:.
1432:.
1420:.
1397:.
1387:15
1385:.
1361:.
1351:15
1349:.
1325:.
1315:44
1313:.
1290:.
1278:.
1254:.
1244:96
1242:.
1218:.
1208:84
1206:.
1183:.
1173:95
1171:.
1154:30
1152:.
1148:.
1136:^
1122:.
1114:.
1102:.
1070:^
1056:.
1046:45
1044:.
1030:^
1016:.
1008:.
1000:.
988:.
984:.
968:^
954:.
944:57
942:.
919:.
907:.
895:^
881:.
873:.
861:.
818:,
814:,
810:,
808:CV
792:IR
790:,
786:,
784:CV
721:,
717:,
614:.
565:.
2004:.
1992::
1969:)
1965:(
1948:.
1936::
1917:.
1897::
1889::
1883:8
1865:.
1845::
1837::
1814:.
1802::
1766::
1747:.
1735::
1711:.
1699::
1691::
1668:.
1656::
1633:.
1621::
1597:.
1585::
1562:.
1550::
1542::
1519:.
1507::
1499::
1475:.
1463::
1440:.
1428::
1405:.
1393::
1369:.
1357::
1333:.
1321::
1298:.
1286::
1262:.
1250::
1226:.
1214::
1191:.
1179::
1130:.
1118::
1110::
1064:.
1052::
1024:.
1004::
996::
962:.
950::
927:.
915::
889:.
877::
869::
837:2
833:2
735:2
669:Q
661:f
648:m
644:A
639:F
636:z
627:=
624:K
602:f
579:m
539:m
535:A
512:Q
503:F
500:z
494:m
490:A
484:=
481:m
453:t
447:I
444:=
441:Q
430:(
418:T
395:I
369:2
361:m
358:c
348:C
344:Q
330:(
312:M
300:e
296:z
293:+
288:+
285:z
281:M
265:K
245:o
241:f
206:ρ
198:S
184:f
159:m
153:K
147:=
144:m
137:)
121:S
114:2
109:o
105:f
101:2
95:(
88:=
85:f
70:K
62:K
27:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
