98:
419:). The advent of all electric interlocking technology allowed for more automated route setting procedures as opposed to having an operator line each part of the route manually. The NX system allowed an operator looking at the diagram of a complicated junction to simply push a button on the known entrance track and another button on the desired exit track. The logic circuitry handled all the necessary actions of commanding the underlying relay interlocking to set signals and throw switches in the proper sequence, as required to provide valid route through the interlocking plant. The first NX installation was in 1937 at
401:
291:
42:
480:
638:"Electric locking that enforces cooperation between the Operators at two adjacent plants in such a manner that prevents opposing signals governing the same track from being set to proceed at the same time. In addition, after a signal has been cleared and accepted by a train, check locking prevents an opposing signal at the adjacent interlocking plant from being cleared until the train has passed through that plant."
630:"Electric locking adapted to prevent any manipulation of levers that would bring about an unsafe condition in case a signal, switch, or other operated device fails to make a movement corresponding with that of the operating lever; or adapted directly to prevent the operation of one device in case another device, to be operated first, fails to make the required movement."
354:
458:(US&S), and introduced in 1951. NX type systems and their costly pre-solid state control logic only tended to be installed in the busier or more complicated terminal areas where it could increase capacity and reduce staffing requirements. In a move that was popular in Europe, the signalling for an entire area was condensed into a single large
221:. By 1900, 54 electro-pneumatic interlocking plants, controlling a total of 1,864 interlocking levers, were in use on 13 North American railroads. This type of system would remain one of two viable competing systems into the future, although it did have the disadvantage of needing extra single-use equipment and requiring high maintenance.
491:, where the wired networks of relays are replaced by software logic running on special-purpose control hardware. The fact that the logic is implemented by software rather than hard-wired circuitry greatly facilitates the ability to make modifications when needed by reprogramming rather than rewiring. In many implementations, this
1171:
381:
Interlockings operated solely by electrical circuitry may be operated locally or remotely, with the large mechanical levers of previous systems being replaced by buttons, switches or toggles on a panel or video interface. Such an interlocking may also be designed to operate without a human operator.
192:
As technology advanced the railway signaling industry looked to incorporate these new technologies into interlockings to increase the speed of route setting, the number of appliances controlled from a single point and to expand the distance that those same appliances could be operated from the point
340:
Power interlockings may also use mechanical locking to ensure the proper sequencing of levers, but the levers are considerably smaller as they themselves do not directly control the field devices. If the lever is free to move based on the locking bed, contacts on the levers actuate the switches and
156:
received the first patent for interlocking switches and signals. In 1868, Saxby (of Saxby & Farmer) was awarded a patent for what is known today in North
America as “preliminary latch locking”. Preliminary latch locking became so successful that by 1873, 13,000 mechanical locking levers were
324:
In purely mechanical plants, the levers operate the field devices, such as signals, directly via a mechanical rodding or wire connection. The levers are about shoulder height since they must supply a mechanical advantage for the operator. Cross locking of levers was effected such that the extra
667:
allow continuous movements from any track on one side of the interlocking to any track on the opposite side without the use of a reverse move within the limits of the interlocking. This is true even if there are differing numbers of tracks on opposing sides, or if the interlocking has multiple
373:
that ascertain the state or position of each signal appliance. As appliances are operated, their change of position opens some circuits that lock out other appliances that would conflict with the new position. Similarly, other circuits are closed when the appliances they control become safe to
971:
A system whereby compressed water and air are used to transmit action from one end of a long tube to the other end. It can be effective, but it still qualifies as a mechanical system since the pressure is pre-loaded, and requires human action of the same sort that a pure mechanical system
84:
from being changed in an improper sequence. For example, interlocking would prevent a signal from being changed to indicate a diverging route, unless the corresponding points/switches had been changed first. In North
America, the official railroad definition of interlocking is:
582:"The combination of one or more electric locks or controlling circuits by means of which levers in an interlocking machine, or switches or other devices operated in connection with signalling and interlocking, are secured against operation under certain conditions."
345:. Before a control lever may be moved into a position which would release other levers, a signal must be received from the field element that it has actually moved into the position requested. The locking bed shown is for a GRS power interlocking machine.
1723:
317:, signals or other appliances are connected to the bars running in one direction. The bars are constructed so that if the function controlled by a given lever conflicts with that controlled by another lever, mechanical interference is set up in the
659:
depending on the movements available. Although timetables generally do not identify an interlocking as one or the other, and rule books do not define the terms, the terms below are generally agreed upon by system crews and rules officials.
850:
470:
and train tracking technologies. Away from complex terminals unit lever control systems remained popular until the 1980s when solid state interlocking and control systems began to replace the older relay plants of all types.
209:
in 1884. By 1891, there were 18 hydro-pneumatic plants, on six railroads, operating a total of 482 levers. The installations worked, but there were serious defects in the design, and little saving of labour was achieved.
176:(NYC&HRR). At the time, Toucey was General Superintendent and Buchanan was Superintendent of Machinery on the NYC&HRR. Toucey and Buchanan formed the Toucey and Buchanan Interlocking Switch and Signal Company in
184:
and the New York
Elevated Railroad Company in 1877–78. Compared to Saxby's design, Toucey and Buchanans' interlocking mechanism was more cumbersome and less sophisticated, and so was not implemented very widely.
1921:
622:"Electric locking taking effect upon the setting of a signal for a train to proceed, released by a passing train, and adapted to prevent manipulation of levers that would endanger an approaching train."
1226:
213:
The inventors of the hydro-pneumatic system moved forward to an electro-pneumatic system in 1891 and this system, best identified with the Union Switch & Signal
Company, was first installed on the
503:
that cannot be easily altered to both resist unsafe modification and meet regulatory safety testing requirements. As display technology improved, the hard wired physical devices could be updated with
614:"Electric locking effective while a train is approaching a signal that has been set for it to proceed and adapted to prevent manipulation of levers or devices that would endanger that train."
598:"Electric locking taking effect when a train passes a signal and adapted to prevent manipulation of levers that would endanger the train while it is within the limits of the route entered."
590:"Electric locking effective while a train occupies a given section of a route and adapted to prevent manipulation of levers that would endanger the train while it is within that section."
137:
the signal to proceed is withdrawn and sufficient time has passed to ensure that a train approaching that route has had opportunity to come to a stop before passing the signal.
193:
of control. The challenge facing the signal industry was achieving the same level of safety and reliability that was inherent to purely mechanical systems. An experimental
676:
do not allow such movements as described above. Movements in an incomplete interlocking may be limited and may even require reverse movements to achieve the desired route.
260:, near Paris). By 1913, this type system had been installed on 83 railroads across 35 US states and Canadian provinces, in 440 interlocking plants using 21,370 levers.
245:
1169:, Ronald A. McCann, "Entrance-exit route interlocking control apparatus", issued 11 September 1951, assigned to The Union Switch and Signal Company
1095:
1588:
466:
in the floors below that combined the vital relay based interlocking logic and non-vital control logic in one place. Such advanced schemes would also include
1218:
1678:
1373:
1668:
1613:
97:
173:
824:
131:
and a train is given a signal to proceed over that route, all switches and other movable appliances in the route are locked in position until either
687:
1941:
1578:
738:
394:
1026:
124:
Switches and other appliances in the route must be properly 'set' (in position) before a signal may allow train movements to enter that route.
2095:
1936:
1895:
1309:
800:
214:
1471:
1186:
1738:
77:. An interlocking system is designed so that it is impossible to display a signal to proceed unless the route to be used is proven safe.
2603:
1733:
1683:
1653:
1341:
Kleinstadt.zip "Full free version of an interlocking plant based on German Relay
Principles" (English, German, Dutch, French languages)
1926:
1658:
1413:
2032:
2027:
1916:
1263:
1628:
507:(computer monitors), which allowed changes in field equipment be represented to the signaller without any hardware modifications.
164:
The first experiment with mechanical interlocking in the United States took place in 1875 by J. M. Toucey and
William Buchanan at
2568:
1885:
1703:
1366:
329:
158:
87:
An arrangement of signals and signal appliances so interconnected that their movements must succeed each other in proper sequence
1951:
1931:
1524:
526:
in the UK. Second generation processor-based interlockings are known by the term "Computer Based
Interlocking" (CBI), of which
181:
1753:
1718:
1514:
606:"Route locking so arranged that a train, in clearing each section of the route, releases the locking affecting that section."
1327:
950:
2593:
1982:
1967:
1423:
2598:
2176:
1643:
1433:
981:
2037:
1408:
1359:
412:
273:
117:, and may include crossings at grade and movable bridges. Some of the fundamental principles of interlocking include:
2047:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1987:
1977:
1608:
1438:
1136:"Buttons to Speed Travel in Subway: $ 2,000,000 System of Signals Soon to Be in Operation on Brooklyn IND Division"
707:
386:, and the approach of a train sets its own route automatically, provided no conflicting movements are in progress.
61:
is an arrangement of signal apparatus that prevents conflicting movements through an arrangement of tracks such as
527:
2291:
2088:
2042:
1997:
1900:
1758:
1603:
1555:
1403:
1398:
828:
567:
523:
488:
428:
420:
240:
in 1896. In North
America, the first installation of an interlocking plant using electric switch machines was at
998:
2525:
2052:
2022:
2017:
2007:
1972:
1698:
1623:
1529:
1491:
1078:
848:, John Saxby & John Stinson Farmer, "Improved Switch and Signal", issued 11 August 1868
511:
424:
177:
1890:
1346:
1332:
539:
455:
186:
121:
Signals may not be operated to permit conflicting train movements to take place at the same time on set route.
2563:
2276:
2117:
2057:
1855:
1840:
1598:
1570:
1390:
697:
374:
operate. Equipment used for railroad signalling tends to be expensive because of its specialized nature and
198:
35:
2435:
2259:
2191:
1835:
1825:
1774:
1693:
1688:
1418:
531:
444:
249:
233:
206:
66:
2415:
2395:
2161:
2062:
1496:
1486:
1448:
1443:
1192:(Report). Railway Group Guidance Note GK/GN0802. London: Rail Safety and Standards Board. Archived from
1135:
832:
547:
295:
241:
165:
46:
1166:
651:
and a series of switches. Railroad terminology defines the following types of interlockings as either
180:
in 1878. The first important installations of their mechanism were on the switches and signals of the
2365:
2081:
1618:
1035:
440:
416:
194:
845:
400:
290:
2440:
2212:
1845:
1728:
555:
504:
436:
914:
431:(NYCRR) at Girard Junction, Ohio in 1937. Another NYCRR installation was on the main line between
41:
2548:
2485:
2471:
2425:
2355:
1458:
1382:
1143:
1089:
712:
463:
54:
1193:
224:
Interlockings using electric motors for moving switches and signals became viable in 1894, when
1301:
1295:
2553:
2298:
1880:
1784:
1560:
1305:
1262:
Defined by the
Railway Signal Association, which today is the Railway Signal Committee of the
1109:
1070:
918:
806:
796:
770:
742:
563:
551:
535:
390:
314:
114:
2510:
2480:
2475:
2146:
1946:
1875:
1850:
1830:
1648:
543:
500:
459:
257:
1340:
2558:
2430:
2385:
2325:
2227:
2151:
2141:
648:
492:
479:
467:
450:
Other NX style systems were implemented by other railroad signal providers. For example,
432:
310:
202:
110:
81:
62:
321:
between the two bars, in turn preventing the conflicting lever movement from being made.
1287:
1277:
908:
2420:
2405:
2330:
2303:
2232:
2105:
1673:
1519:
1506:
702:
515:
149:
106:
17:
389:
GRS manufactured the first all-relay interlocking system in 1929. It was installed in
2587:
2520:
2515:
2505:
2466:
2410:
2318:
2313:
2281:
2264:
2131:
2113:
1860:
1748:
1550:
218:
169:
2450:
2380:
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2242:
2222:
2207:
2186:
2181:
2171:
1794:
1638:
1545:
1428:
519:
1820:
268:
Interlockings can be categorized as mechanical, electrical (electro-mechanical or
2375:
2335:
2247:
1481:
942:
370:
285:
232:(now in the Czech Republic). Another interlocking of this type was installed in
2532:
2498:
2493:
2445:
2370:
2345:
2286:
2252:
2136:
1870:
1743:
1708:
1466:
415:(CTC) interlocking system introduced in 1936 by GRS (represented in Europe by
342:
153:
1074:
746:
2271:
2237:
2217:
2166:
2156:
1779:
810:
774:
692:
375:
922:
229:
487:
Modern interlockings (those installed since the late 1980s) are generally
2308:
2126:
1865:
1789:
496:
1061:
1810:
1713:
353:
225:
2073:
647:
Interlockings allow trains to cross from one track to another using a
2390:
1815:
1663:
1633:
1351:
994:
559:
361:
Interlockings effected purely electrically (sometimes referred to as
253:
237:
31:
462:
with a control panel in the operator's area and the equivalent of a
514:" (SSI) is the brand name in trade of work of the first generation
65:
or crossings. In North
America, a set of signalling appliances and
1593:
1116:. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation.: 578–583 September 1949
769:(20). Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation: 1102. 26 May 1913.
478:
399:
366:
352:
306:
289:
269:
96:
69:
interlocked together are sometimes collectively referred to as an
40:
439:, and this was quickly followed up by three installations on the
80:
Interlocking is a safety measure designed to prevent signals and
1583:
913:. Rochester, New York: General Railway Signal Company. pp.
885:(4). Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation: 161. 28 July 1916.
411:
was the original brand name of the first generation relay-based
325:
leverage could not defeat the locking (preliminary latch lock).
2077:
1355:
907:
General Railway Signal Company (1913). Sperry, Henry M. (ed.).
823:
The first manufacturer of signal equipment, the predecessor of
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
1345:
Director of S&T Engineering, West Midlands Project Group
454:
was the brand name of their Entrance-Exit system supplied by
305:
is constructed, consisting of steel bars forming a grid. The
134:
the train passes out of the portion of the route affected, or
1110:"Signaling and Interlocking On New Line of New York Subways"
483:
Computer-based controls for a modern electronic interlocking
357:
Part of a relay interlocking using miniature plug-in relays
328:
The first mechanical interlocking was installed in 1843 at
152:
origin, where numerous patents were granted. In June 1856,
643:
Complete and incomplete interlockings (U.S. terminology)
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
109:, but usually includes additional appliances such as
228:
in Austria installed the first such interlocking at
2541:
2459:
2354:
2200:
2112:
1960:
1909:
1803:
1767:
1569:
1538:
1505:
1457:
1389:
1300:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Voyageur Press. pp.
1282:. New York: Locomotive Engineering. pp. 143ff.
341:
signals which are operated electrically or electro-
1034:. West Henrietta, New York: Alstom. Archived from
1020:
1018:
1016:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
733:Josserand, Peter; Forman, Harry Willard (1957).
246:Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway
404:Control panel for a US&S relay interlocking
795:. St Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company.
786:
784:
518:-based interlocking developed in the 1980s by
294:A view of the locking bed inside Deval Tower,
2089:
1367:
1336:(1927 New Zealand article by A. S. Henderson)
1028:A Centennial: History of Alstom Signaling Inc
8:
1679:Interoperable Communications Based Signaling
45:The tower and tracks at Deval interlocking,
34:. For use in electronics and computing, see
1614:Automatic Train Protection (United Kingdom)
427:, UK. The first US installation was on the
2096:
2082:
2074:
1374:
1360:
1352:
1094:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
947:Railways: History, Signalling, Engineering
365:) consist of complex circuitry made up of
174:New York Central and Hudson River Railroad
113:and Facing Point locks (US: switches) and
936:
934:
932:
825:Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company Ltd
688:Breath alcohol ignition interlock device
1579:Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System
1060:General Railway Signal Company (1936).
739:Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation
725:
395:Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad
27:Arrangement of railway signal apparatus
1087:
1063:The NX System of Electric Interlocking
1025:Alstom Signaling Incorporated (2004).
1739:Train Protection & Warning System
1001:from the original on 28 November 2012
301:In mechanical interlocking plants, a
215:Chicago and Northern Pacific Railroad
7:
1472:Integrated Electronic Control Centre
1114:Railway Signaling and Communications
1734:Train automatic stopping controller
1654:Continuous Automatic Warning System
1229:from the original on 8 October 2017
558:, now Siemens), and (trademark of
182:Manhattan Elevated Railroad Company
105:A minimal interlocking consists of
1414:Communications-based train control
953:from the original on 23 April 2012
943:"Toucey and Buchanan Interlocking"
877:"Landmarks in Signaling History".
197:interlocking was installed at the
30:For use of the term in music, see
25:
1264:Association of American Railroads
203:Philadelphia and Reading Railroad
1288:"History of Railway Signalling."
1084:from the original on 2010-11-28.
635:Check locking or traffic locking
159:London and North Western Railway
1896:Westinghouse Brake & Signal
1659:ContrĂ´le de vitesse par balises
1525:North American railroad signals
409:Entrance-Exit Interlocking (NX)
336:Electro-mechanical interlocking
101:A model board and lever machine
1754:Transmission balise-locomotive
1719:Sistema Controllo Marcia Treno
1629:Automatische treinbeĂŻnvloeding
1515:Application of railway signals
1279:Block and Interlocking Signals
910:Electric Interlocking Handbook
382:These arrangements are termed
250:General Railway Signal Company
189:bought their company in 1882.
1:
1704:Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung
1424:European Train Control System
1328:"Principles of Interlocking."
1185:Woolford, Paul (April 2004).
456:Union Switch & Signal Co.
217:at its drawbridge across the
1644:Chinese Train Control System
1434:Radio Electronic Token Block
1187:Glossary of Signalling Terms
982:Lexikon der gesamten Technik
1409:Centralized traffic control
413:centralized traffic control
148:Railway interlocking is of
2620:
2604:Railway signalling control
2304:Transfer table (traverser)
1609:Automatic train protection
1347:"Mechanical Interlocking."
737:(5th ed.). New York:
708:Safety instrumented system
283:
29:
2292:ground-level power supply
1901:Westinghouse Rail Systems
1759:Transmission Voie-Machine
1604:Automatic train operation
1556:Track circuit interrupter
1404:Automatic block signaling
1399:Absolute block signalling
831:, Ltd. (headquartered in
829:Westinghouse Rail Systems
540:Union Switch & Signal
522:, GEC-General Signal and
429:New York Central Railroad
330:Bricklayers Arms Junction
187:Union Switch & Signal
1699:Pulse code cab signaling
1624:Automatic Warning System
1530:Railway semaphore signal
1492:Solid State Interlocking
1219:"Smartlock Interlocking"
673:Incomplete interlockings
574:Defined forms of locking
524:Westinghouse Signals Ltd
512:Solid State Interlocking
178:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
2277:Railway electrification
1599:Automatic train control
1294:Solomon, Brian (2010).
1286:Ganguly, Sri Subhasis.
1069:. Rochester, New York.
791:Solomon, Brian (2003).
761:"Death of John Saxby".
698:Interlock (Engineering)
603:Sectional route locking
475:Electronic interlocking
384:automatic interlockings
280:Mechanical interlocking
272:-based), or electronic/
199:Bound Brook, New Jersey
36:Interlock (engineering)
18:Electronic interlocking
1775:Level crossing signals
1694:Positive Train Control
1689:Linienzugbeeinflussung
1419:Direct traffic control
1276:Elliott, W.H. (1896).
664:Complete interlockings
532:General Railway Signal
484:
445:IND Fulton Street Line
405:
358:
298:
207:Lehigh Valley Railroad
102:
50:
2416:Platform screen doors
1497:Westlock Interlocking
1487:Rail operating centre
1449:Train order operation
1444:Track Warrant Control
1167:US patent 2567887
995:"Berliner Stellwerke"
833:Chippenham, Wiltshire
482:
403:
369:in an arrangement of
356:
296:Des Plaines, Illinois
293:
242:Eau Claire, Wisconsin
100:
93:Configuration and use
47:Des Plaines, Illinois
44:
2594:Interlocking systems
2366:Anti-trespass panels
1619:Automatic train stop
1290:Accessed 2011-05-06.
984:, entry "Stellwerke"
505:visual display units
441:New York City Subway
417:Metropolitan-Vickers
252:(GRS, now a unit of
2599:Rail infrastructure
2213:Classification yard
1147:. November 12, 1948
879:Railway Age Gazette
846:US patent 80878
763:Railway Age Gazette
495:logic is stored as
437:Rochester, New York
256:, headquartered in
2472:Motive power depot
2426:Signalling control
1459:Signalling control
1383:Railway signalling
1297:Railroad Signaling
1144:The New York Times
793:Railroad Signaling
713:Signalling control
627:Indication locking
485:
464:telephone exchange
406:
359:
349:Relay interlocking
299:
264:Interlocking types
103:
71:interlocking plant
55:railway signalling
51:
2581:
2580:
2299:Railway turntable
2120:
2071:
2070:
1881:Smith and Yardley
1311:978-0-7603-3881-0
1041:on 2 October 2011
802:978-0-7603-1360-2
391:Lincoln, Nebraska
16:(Redirected from
2611:
2476:Railway workshop
2192:Transition curve
2162:Fastening system
2116:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2075:
1947:Transport Canada
1831:General Electric
1768:Crossing signals
1649:Cityflo 650 CBTC
1571:Train protection
1376:
1369:
1362:
1353:
1315:
1283:
1267:
1260:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1068:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1022:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
991:
985:
979:
973:
969:
963:
962:
960:
958:
938:
927:
926:
904:
887:
886:
874:
855:
854:
853:
849:
842:
836:
821:
815:
814:
788:
779:
778:
758:
752:
750:
735:Rights of Trains
730:
611:Approach locking
579:Electric locking
570:) are examples.
544:Hitachi Rail STS
460:power signal box
452:Union Route (UR)
258:Levallois-Perret
201:junction of the
157:employed on the
127:Once a route is
21:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2537:
2455:
2431:Structure gauge
2386:Defect detector
2358:
2350:
2196:
2152:Clip and scotch
2142:Breather switch
2108:
2102:
2072:
2067:
1956:
1905:
1799:
1763:
1565:
1539:Train detection
1534:
1501:
1453:
1385:
1380:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1293:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1086:
1081:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1004:
1002:
993:
992:
988:
980:
976:
970:
966:
956:
954:
941:Calvert, J. B.
940:
939:
930:
906:
905:
890:
876:
875:
858:
851:
844:
843:
839:
822:
818:
803:
790:
789:
782:
760:
759:
755:
732:
731:
727:
722:
717:
683:
645:
587:Section locking
576:
554:(trademarks of
534:, now Alstom),
477:
468:train describer
433:Utica, New York
351:
338:
288:
282:
266:
195:hydro-pneumatic
146:
95:
82:points/switches
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2617:
2615:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2421:Railway signal
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:Level crossing
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2331:Track geometry
2328:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2282:overhead lines
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2233:Gauntlet track
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2177:Minimum radius
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2110:
2109:
2106:infrastructure
2103:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2063:United Kingdom
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:Integra-Signum
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:Cab signalling
1517:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1338:
1330:
1326:Calvert, J.B.
1322:
1321:External links
1319:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1291:
1284:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1240:
1223:www.alstom.com
1210:
1177:
1158:
1127:
1101:
1052:
1012:
986:
974:
964:
928:
888:
856:
837:
827:, and today’s
816:
801:
780:
753:
724:
723:
721:
718:
716:
715:
710:
705:
703:Lockout-tagout
700:
695:
690:
684:
682:
679:
678:
677:
674:
670:
669:
665:
644:
641:
640:
639:
636:
632:
631:
628:
624:
623:
620:
616:
615:
612:
608:
607:
604:
600:
599:
596:
592:
591:
588:
584:
583:
580:
575:
572:
566:(trademark of
538:(trademark of
530:(trademark of
516:microprocessor
476:
473:
425:Cheshire Lines
350:
347:
337:
334:
281:
278:
274:computer-based
265:
262:
166:Spuyten Duyvil
145:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
135:
125:
122:
94:
91:
73:or just as an
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2616:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Coaling tower
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:Signal bridge
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:Loading gauge
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2319:refuge siding
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2265:tramway track
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:North America
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:Organisations
1908:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Progress Rail
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:Manufacturers
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:Trainguard MT
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:Track circuit
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1391:Block systems
1388:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1199:on 8 May 2016
1195:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1053:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
983:
978:
975:
968:
965:
952:
948:
944:
937:
935:
933:
929:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
889:
884:
880:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
857:
847:
841:
838:
834:
830:
826:
820:
817:
812:
808:
804:
798:
794:
787:
785:
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
757:
754:
748:
744:
741:. p. 5.
740:
736:
729:
726:
719:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
680:
675:
672:
671:
666:
663:
662:
661:
658:
654:
650:
642:
637:
634:
633:
629:
626:
625:
621:
619:Stick locking
618:
617:
613:
610:
609:
605:
602:
601:
597:
595:Route locking
594:
593:
589:
586:
585:
581:
578:
577:
573:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:Invensys Rail
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
481:
474:
472:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
402:
398:
396:
392:
387:
385:
379:
377:
372:
368:
364:
355:
348:
346:
344:
343:pneumatically
335:
333:
331:
326:
322:
320:
319:cross locking
316:
312:
309:that operate
308:
304:
297:
292:
287:
279:
277:
275:
271:
263:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
219:Chicago River
216:
211:
208:
204:
200:
196:
190:
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
155:
151:
143:
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
119:
118:
116:
112:
108:
99:
92:
90:
88:
83:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
2451:Wayside horn
2401:Interlocking
2400:
2381:Catch points
2341:Water trough
2243:Passing loop
2223:Pocket track
2208:Balloon loop
2172:Ladder track
1891:Union Switch
1795:Wayside horn
1639:Catch points
1546:Axle counter
1477:Interlocking
1476:
1429:Moving block
1334:Interlocking
1333:
1296:
1278:
1231:. Retrieved
1222:
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1194:the original
1180:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1142:
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1113:
1104:
1062:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1036:the original
1027:
1003:. Retrieved
989:
977:
967:
955:. Retrieved
946:
909:
882:
878:
840:
819:
792:
766:
762:
756:
751:Definitions.
734:
728:
656:
652:
646:
520:British Rail
509:
486:
451:
449:
408:
407:
388:
383:
380:
363:all-electric
362:
360:
339:
327:
323:
318:
302:
300:
267:
248:in 1901, by
223:
212:
191:
168:Junction in
163:
147:
128:
104:
86:
79:
75:interlocking
74:
70:
59:interlocking
58:
52:
2376:Buffer stop
2336:Water crane
2248:Track gauge
2187:Tie/Sleeper
2053:Switzerland
2028:New Zealand
2023:Netherlands
1729:Slide fence
1482:Lever frame
1151:27 December
1120:27 December
1045:27 December
1005:24 November
957:28 December
489:solid state
371:relay logic
332:, England.
303:locking bed
286:Lever frame
2588:Categories
2549:Industrial
2533:Water stop
2494:for trains
2486:Roundhouse
2460:Structures
2446:Train stop
2396:Guard rail
2371:Block post
2359:and safety
2356:Signalling
2287:third rail
2260:Rail track
2253:dual gauge
2137:Baulk road
1961:By country
1744:Train stop
1709:RS4 Codici
1467:Block post
720:References
657:incomplete
568:Bombardier
284:See also:
154:John Saxby
2499:for goods
2441:Tell-tale
2272:Rail yard
2238:Guide bar
2218:Headshunt
2201:Trackwork
2167:Fishplate
2157:Date nail
2118:(history)
1968:Australia
1821:AŽD Praha
1780:Crossbuck
1684:Crocodile
1090:cite book
1075:184909207
972:requires.
747:221677266
693:Fail-safe
447:in 1948.
421:Brunswick
376:fail-safe
63:junctions
49:, in 1993
2554:Military
2511:building
2481:Platform
2391:Derailer
2309:Roll way
2228:Junction
2127:Axe ties
2058:Thailand
1866:Safetran
1856:Magnetic
1841:Griswold
1790:E-signal
1227:Archived
1203:20 April
1079:Archived
999:Archived
951:Archived
811:52464704
775:15110423
681:See also
653:complete
564:EBI Lock
552:Westrace
548:Westlock
536:MicroLok
497:firmware
378:design.
311:switches
205:and the
170:New York
2564:station
2559:Private
2506:Station
2182:Profile
2132:Ballast
2003:Germany
1993:Finland
1978:Belgium
1973:Bavaria
1876:Siemens
1851:Hitachi
1826:Federal
1811:Adtranz
1714:SelTrac
1561:Treadle
1507:Signals
923:3527846
649:turnout
562:), and
423:on the
393:on the
315:derails
244:on the
234:Westend
226:Siemens
172:on the
161:alone.
150:British
144:History
115:derails
107:signals
2326:Switch
2314:Siding
2114:Tracks
2048:Sweden
2043:Poland
2038:Norway
2008:Greece
1998:France
1983:Canada
1886:Thales
1816:Alstom
1785:Wigwag
1664:EBICAB
1634:Balise
1308:
1173:
1073:
921:
852:
809:
799:
773:
745:
668:sides.
560:Alstom
542:, now
499:or in
367:relays
307:levers
254:Alstom
238:Berlin
230:Přerov
111:points
67:tracks
32:Hocket
2542:Types
2521:ghost
2516:clock
2490:Shed
2104:Rail
2018:Japan
2013:Italy
1988:China
1922:AREMA
1871:Saxby
1724:SACEM
1669:IIATS
1594:ATACS
1439:Token
1233:4 May
1197:(PDF)
1190:(PDF)
1139:(PDF)
1082:(PDF)
1067:(PDF)
1039:(PDF)
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