118:- The stated purposes include standardizing the conduct of electronic signatures, confirming the legal validity of electronic signatures and safeguarding the legal interests of parties involved in such matters. This law was revised on 23 April 2019 with immediate effect. The revision involves the deletion of the reference to land conveyancing transactions in Article 3, which provides for types of transaction exempted from the law. Accordingly, land conveyancing agreements can now be executed electronically.
157:
881:
212:
1999/93/EC. At the same date, any laws of EU member states that were inconsistent with eIDAS were also automatically repealed, replaced or modified. In contract to the aforementioned directive (which allowed the EU member states to interpret it and transpose it to their own law) the eIDAS Regulation
1014:(Internal corporate E-mail with signature block, forwarded to a third party by another employee, was admissible over hearsay objection as a party-admission, where the statement was apparently within the scope of the author's and forwarder's employment.)
317:
65:
129:
LEY 527 DE 1999 (agosto 18) por medio de la cual se define y reglamenta el acceso y uso de los mensajes de datos, del comercio electrónico y de las firmas digitales, y se establecen las entidades de certificación y se dictan otras
1121:"Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC"
1181:
105:
contains evidentiary presumptions about both the integrity and validity of electronic documents with attached secure electronic signatures, and of the authenticity of the secure electronic signatures themselves.
338:
593:
1207:
997:
959:
60:
672:
1185:
1150:
742:
1120:
966:
et seq. The law permits the use of electronic signatures in many situations, and preempts many state laws that would otherwise limit the use of electronic signatures.
420:
135:
DECRETO 2364 DE 2012 (Noviembre 22) por medio del cual se reglamenta el artículo 7° de la Ley 527 de 1999, sobre la firma electrónica y se dictan otras disposiciones.
1027:
1032:
41:
590:
261:
35:
29:
1211:
897:
613:
1296:
1054:
for all government agents for their internal use and three independent certificate authorities all of which are issuing qualified digital signatures.
562:
200:
are regulated by the
Regulation (EU) N°910/2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market (
1259:
251:
1233:
457:
228:
of 13 December 1999 on a
Community framework for electronic signatures. This Directive was repealed on 1 July 2016 and superseded by the
98:
983:
953:
366:
1304:
1273:
1044:
1369:
986:
does not preclude a person from contesting that he executed, adopted, or authorized an electronic signature that is purportedly his).
510:
485:
941:
84:(the official Brazilian PKI) or if it is certified by other PKI and the concerned parties agree as to the validity of the document.
1158:
779:
16:
Worldwide, legislation concerning the effect and validity of electronic signatures, including, but not limited to, cryptographic
723:
209:
397:
352:
739:
733:
101:
make it clear that a secure electronic signature is a digital signature created and verified in a specific manner. Canada's
1128:
574:
Ley 6/2020, de 11 de noviembre, reguladora de determinados aspectos de los servicios electrónicos de confianza (in
Spanish)
417:
271:
205:
1340:
J. Buckley, J. Kromer, M. Tank, R. Whitaker, The Law of
Electronic Signatures, 2014-2015 Edition (Thomson Reuters, 2014)
377:
306:
1346:
M. H. M Schellenkens, Electronic
Signatures Authentication Technology from a Legal Perspective, (TMC Asser Press, 2004)
235:
97:- Canadian law distinguishes between the generic "electronic signature" and the "secure electronic signature". Federal
796:
1317:
993:
857:
802:
975:
Court decisions discussing the effect and validity of digital signatures or digital signature-related legislation:
638:
47:
1359:
659:
472:
815:
225:
650:
239:
139:
696:
407:
1364:
584:
439:
759:
1334:
Srivastava
Aashish, Electronic Signatures for B2B Contracts: Evidence from Australia (Springer, 2013)
1182:"Understanding eIDAS – All you ever wanted to know about the new EU Electronic Signature Regulation"
134:
77:
520:
128:
1237:
1107:
1000:
does not apply retroactively to contracts formed before it took effect in 2000. Nevertheless, the
1374:
1343:
Dennis
Campbell, editor, E-Commerce and the Law of Digital Signatures (Oceana Publications, 2005)
454:
444:
17:
142:, regulates accreditation procedures for Certification Entities, who certify digital signatures.
684:
625:
1001:
552:
1011:
660:
Art. 97B Law No. 13/2022 in regards of Second
Amendment of Law No. 12/2011 on Law Formulation
842:
763:
80:- Brazilian law states that any digital document is valid for the law if it is certified by
66:
Certification
Service Providers (Relevant Criteria and Security Guidelines) Regulations 2002
869:
783:
746:
727:
597:
489:
482:
461:
424:
356:
281:
1277:
573:
245:
Implementing laws: Several countries have already implemented the
Directive 1999/93/EC.
170:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
776:
714:
296:
94:
327:
291:
1353:
1321:
720:
197:
115:
1337:
Lorna Brazell, Electronic Signatures Law and Regulation, (Sweet & Maxwell, 2004)
1050:
since 2004. This law is stated in European Union Directive 1999/93/EC. Turkey has a
942:
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001), a strong influence in the field.
311:
685:
Law Concerning Electronic Signatures and Certification Services, 2000 (in Japanese)
349:
963:
499:
387:
328:
Laki vahvasta sähköisestä tunnistamisesta ja sähköisistä allekirjoituksista, 2009
1312:
911:
Federal Law on Certification Services Concerning the Electronic Signature, 2003
221:
European Union Directive establishing the framework for electronic signatures:
1047:
928:
102:
922:
797:
Lege cu privire la documentul electronic şi semnătura digitală, 15 July 2004
538:
116:
Electronic Signature Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese/English)
1004:
was satisfied by the text of E-mail plus an (apparently) written notation.)
910:
893:
530:
408:
Decreto legislativo 7/3/2005, n. 82 (Codice dell'Amministrazione Digitale)
870:
Federal Law of Russian Federation about Electronic Signature (06.04.2011)
1309:
314 F. 3d 289 (US: Court of Appeals, 7th Circuit, 2002). Google Scholar.
626:
Ley para el Reconocimiento de las Comunicaciones y Firmas Electrónicas
242:
as technical standards presumed to be in accordance with the Directive
830:
429:
445:
Law on electronic signature, 2002 (in English, not relevant in law)
1076:
Turktrust (owned by Turkish Military Force Solidarity Foundation)
651:
Art. 12 Law No.11/2008 on Electronic Informations and Transactions
229:
226:
Directive 1999/93/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
201:
189:
1208:"Fatal error leads TURKTRUST to issue dangerous SSL certificates"
702:
1058:
Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi (Governmental Certificate Authority)
1028:
Concerning passwords or adequate information technology gestures
843:
Ley Nº 27269. Ley de Firmas y Certificados Digitales (28MAY2000)
208:
on 23 July 2014. It became effective on 1 July and repealed the
1108:
http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2019-05/07/content_2086835.htm
697:
Digital Signature Act, Act No. 17354, jun. 9, 2020 (in English)
585:
Qualified Electronic Signatures Act (SFS 2000:832) (in Swedish)
1077:
1023:
Uruguay laws include both, electronic and digital signatures:
150:
563:
Electronic Business and Electronic Signature Act (in Slovene)
1234:"TURKTRUST Unauthorized CA Certificates | Entrust, Inc"
1059:
1051:
829:, paras 8A.7.1-8A.7.4. (these sources are available on the
455:
Loi du 14 août 2000 relative au commerce électronique, 2000
1068:
1086:
960:
Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
614:
The Electronic Transactions Act of Ghana, Act 772 of 2008
1157:. European Commission. 29 February 2016. Archived from
1151:"Questions & Answers on Trust Services under eIDAS"
473:
Maltese Electronic Commerce Act 2001, last amended 2005
936:
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
925:(in Ukrainian), loss of validity on 7 November 2018.
894:
Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2002
1033:
Concerning electronic and digital signature and PKI
803:
Law about Electronic Document and Digital Signature
553:
Act no.215/2002 on electronic signature (in Slovak)
318:
Digital Signatures Act (consolidated text Dec 2003)
1067:E-Güven (owned by Turkish Informatics Foundation)
740:Digital Signature Regulations (P.U.(A) 359), 1998
734:Digital Signature Regulations (P.U.(A) 359), 1998
440:Law on electronic signature, 2014 (in Lithuanian)
1260:"IT news, careers, business technology, reviews"
821:For an overview of the New Zealand law refer: -
816:Electronic Transactions Act 2002, sections 22-24
699:For reference only. No legal or official effect.
1008:Sea-Land Service, Inc. v. Lozen International,
1301:WL 21468504 (N.D. Tex. 2003). Google Scholar.
1274:"- SSL Secure Server Certificate - TURKTRUST"
825:, Electronic Transactions, paras 16-18; or -
350:German Signature Law of 2001, changed in 2005
196:In the EU, electronic signatures and related
147:European Union and the European Economic Area
8:
931:(in Ukrainian), valid since 7 November 2018.
213:is directly effective in all member states.
430:Electronic Documents Law, 2002 (in Latvian)
378:Hungarian Act on Electronic Signatures 2001
1052:Government Certificate Authority - Kamu SM
297:The Electronic Signatures Regulations 2002
923:Law On Electronic Digital Signature, 2003
777:Law of Electronic Signatures (LFEA), 2012
662:(in Indonesian), for government purposes.
539:Law on the Electronic Signature, 455/2001
388:Lög um rafrænar undirskriftir nr. 28/2001
1210:. The H. 4 January 2013. Archived from
1100:
99:secure electronic signature regulations
929:Law On Electronic Trust Services, 2017
531:Legea semnăturii electronice, 455/2001
272:Act on Electronic Signatures, 227/2000
204:). This regulation was adopted by the
78:Medida provisória 2.200-2 (Portuguese)
721:Digital Signature Act (Act 562), 1997
715:Digital Signature Act (Act 562), 1997
7:
339:Articles 1363-1368 of the Civil Code
954:Uniform Electronic Transactions Act
673:Electronic Signature Law, 5761–2001
591:SFS 2000:832 in English translation
398:Irish Electronic Commerce Act, 2000
292:Electronic Communications Act, 2000
1184:. Legal IT Insider. Archived from
760:Electronic Transactions Act 2/2022
14:
703:Digital Signature Act (in Korean)
48:Decisión Administrativa N° 927/14
639:Information Technology Act, 2000
232:regulation (see its article 48).
155:
61:Electronic Transactions Act 1999
1180:Dan Puterbaugh (1 March 2016).
858:Electronic Commerce Act of 2000
236:Commission Decision 2003/511/EC
210:Electronic Signatures Directive
1127:. 23 July 2014. Archived from
1010:285 F.3d 808 (9th Cir., 2002)
992:314 F.3d 289 (7th Cir., 2002)
500:Electronic Signature Act, 2001
418:Electronic Documents Law, 2002
282:Lov om elektroniske signaturer
1:
1324:(France: Chambersign France).
982:2003 WL 21468504 (N.D. Tex) (
206:Council of the European Union
1155:Digital Single Market - News
367:Presidential Decree 150/2001
307:Digital signature in Estonia
288:England, Scotland and Wales
1306:Cloud Corp. v. Hasbro, Inc.
1110:中华人民共和国电子签名法 (Chinese Only)
882:Electronic Transactions Act
833:subscription-only website)
312:Digital Signature Law, 2000
1391:
1370:Electronic identification
745:27 September 2007 at the
726:15 September 2007 at the
541:(unofficial translation)
460:14 September 2016 at the
164:This section needs to be
1045:Electronic Signature Law
355:2 September 2011 at the
823:The Laws of New Zealand
782:13 October 2017 at the
656:, for general purposes.
240:CEN Workshop Agreements
990:Cloud Corp. v. Hasbro,
596:26 August 2010 at the
1012:Admiraltylawguide.com
736:(in Bahasa Malaysia).
717:(in Bahasa Malaysia).
511:act_on_eSignature.pdf
488:28 March 2015 at the
394:Ireland, Republic of
980:In re Piranha, Inc.,
1298:In re Piranha, Inc.
423:31 May 2012 at the
262:Signature Law, 2001
252:Signature Law, 2000
1240:on 2 February 2014
1214:on 7 December 2013
1188:on 17 January 2018
1161:on 15 January 2018
1131:on 15 January 2018
864:Russian Federation
140:Decree 333 of 2014
38:(B.O. 20/12/2002).
36:Decreto Nº 2628/02
32:(B.O. 14/12/2001).
18:digital signatures
1280:on 7 January 2013
1002:statute of frauds
185:
184:
42:Decreto N° 724/06
1382:
1360:Cryptography law
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1276:. Archived from
1270:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1236:. Archived from
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1177:
1171:
1170:
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1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1091:
1082:
1078:Turktrust.com.tr
1073:
1064:
847:
655:
544:
535:
202:eIDAS Regulation
180:
177:
171:
159:
158:
151:
50:(B.O. 03/11/14).
44:(B.O. 13/06/06).
1390:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
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1349:
1331:
1329:Further reading
1320:1 July 2013 at
1314:Legal framework
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866:
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839:
812:
793:
784:Wayback Machine
773:
756:
747:Wayback Machine
728:Wayback Machine
711:
693:
681:
669:
654:(in Indonesian)
653:
647:
635:
622:
610:
598:Wayback Machine
542:
533:
521:portugal_en.pdf
502:(in Norwegian).
490:Wayback Machine
462:Wayback Machine
425:Wayback Machine
357:Wayback Machine
268:Czech Republic
238:adopting three
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1043:Turkey has an
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1005:
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964:15 U.S.C. 7001
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827:Commercial Law
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962:(E-SIGN), at
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176:December 2016
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30:Ley Nº 25.506
28:
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23:
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19:
1365:Computer law
1313:
1305:
1297:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:the original
1268:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1238:the original
1228:
1218:22 September
1216:. Retrieved
1212:the original
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:the original
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:the original
1154:
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
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888:South Africa
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543:(in English)
479:Netherlands
330:(in Finnish)
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217:Before eIDAS
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103:Evidence Act
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20:, includes:
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1087:E-tugra.com
1069:E-guven.com
1048:TBMM.gov.tr
905:Switzerland
852:Philippines
810:New Zealand
464:(in French)
451:Luxembourg
192:regulation.
1354:Categories
1284:11 January
1192:17 January
1165:16 January
1135:15 January
1096:References
831:LexisNexis
436:Lithuania
369:(in Greek)
82:ICP-Brasil
1375:Signature
876:Singapore
645:Indonesia
620:Guatemala
559:Slovenia
549:Slovakia
517:Portugal
483:article23
24:Argentina
1318:Archived
1085:E-Tugra
994:EMLF.org
971:Case law
780:Archived
754:Maldives
743:Archived
724:Archived
709:Malaysia
594:Archived
527:Romania
486:Archived
458:Archived
421:Archived
384:Iceland
374:Hungary
353:Archived
346:Germany
341:(French)
324:Finland
303:Estonia
278:Denmark
258:Belgium
248:Austria
123:Colombia
1244:31 July
1125:EUR-Lex
1019:Uruguay
917:Ukraine
791:Moldova
764:Dhivehi
581:Sweden
507:Poland
496:Norway
414:Latvia
363:Greece
335:France
166:updated
95:PIPEDA
55:Bermuda
1039:Turkey
998:E-SIGN
956:(UETA)
771:México
667:Israel
570:Spain
469:Malta
404:Italy
89:Canada
72:Brazil
691:Korea
679:Japan
633:India
608:Ghana
230:eIDAS
190:eIDAS
110:China
1286:2013
1246:2013
1220:2019
1194:2018
1167:2018
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984:UETA
837:Peru
762:(in
188:The
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