310:
234:
53:
31:
364:
The shock of these catfish is used to stun prey and in defense. It is not known to be fatal to humans, but large electric catfish can stun an adult person. In small electric catfish, the generated current is far less and only feels like a tingle to humans.
249:
systems are widespread in catfishes. The electrogenic organ is derived from anterior body musculature and lines the body cavity. Electric catfish do not have dorsal fins or fin spines. They have three pairs of
220:
and carnivorous. Some species feed primarily on other fish, incapacitating their prey with electric discharges, but others are generalist bottom foragers, feeding on things like invertebrates, fish eggs, and
284:
to discharge on a light signal for a reward of live worms delivered automatically. This is the first conditioning that modified neither glandular nor muscular responses.
1026:
1052:
666:
333:
pain. They would use only smaller fish, as a large fish may generate an electric shock from 300 to 400 volts. The
Egyptians depicted the fish in their
1000:
1039:
726:
1144:
749:
304:
1134:
478:
1101:
600:
Howes, George J. (1985). "The phylogenetic relationships of the electric catfish family
Malapteruridae (Teleostei: Siluroidei)".
1139:
427:
309:
1044:
630:
Kellaway, Peter (July 1946). "The Part Played by
Electric Fish in the Early History of Bioelectricity and Electrotherapy".
52:
337:
and elsewhere; the first known depiction of an electric catfish is on a slate palette of the predynastic
Egyptian ruler
383:
961:
719:
754:
384:"Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types"
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864:
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778:
1106:
987:
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929:
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233:
47:
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280:, April 2, 1967, a researcher, Dr. Frank J. Mandriota of City College, New York, conditioned an
114:
1065:
974:
474:
1093:
1031:
874:
847:
609:
513:
246:
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30:
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225:. The largest can grow to about 1.2 meters (3 ft) long, but most species are far smaller.
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have been conditioned by means of reward to discharge on signal. As reported in the
979:
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801:
783:
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242:
182:
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287:
The largest can grow to about 1.2 meters (3 ft) and 20 kg (44 lb). Most
1013:
923:
255:
914:
352:
of the 12th century; then as now, the fish was known by the suggestive name of
829:
823:
613:
213:
670:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 512–515.
330:
217:
64:
329:. The Egyptians reputedly used the electric shock from them when treating
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908:
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species are much smaller, reaching less than 30 cm (1 ft) long.
222:
84:
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An account of its electric properties was given by an Arab physician
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1005:
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232:
177:
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889:
708:
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992:
237:
Section of an electric catfish, showing the electric organ
325:
The electric catfish of the Nile was well known to the
196:. Several species of this family have the ability to
898:
857:
794:
763:
742:
564:
562:
258:has elongate posterior chambers, two chambers in
533:
531:
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625:
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176:(order Siluriformes). This family includes two
519:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T181680A7703373.en
720:
8:
353:
886:
727:
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705:
29:
20:
517:
208:. Electric catfish are found in tropical
681:
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7:
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750:Electroreception and electrogenesis
632:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
505:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
305:Electroreception and electrogenesis
200:, delivering a shock of up to 350
14:
654:Boulenger, George Albert (1911).
254:(the nasal pair is absent). The
51:
216:. Electric catfish are usually
382:Ferraris, Carl J. Jr. (2007).
1:
313:Electric catfish (centre) in
1145:Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker
1161:
810:(S. American knifefishes)
755:Jamming avoidance response
602:Journal of Natural History
463:Nelson, Joseph S. (2006).
302:
1135:Freshwater fish of Africa
865:History of bioelectricity
687:"Malapterurus electricus"
614:10.1080/00222938500770031
361:, which means "thunder".
354:
142:
137:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
689:. ScotsCat. 3 April 2013
572:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
541:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
350:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
667:Encyclopædia Britannica
498:Malapterurus microstoma
430:Malapterurus electricus
40:Malapterurus electricus
1140:Strongly electric fish
434:. Animal Diversity Web
322:
299:Relationship to humans
238:
1079:Paleobiology Database
779:Ampullae of Lorenzini
586:. March 2017 version.
555:. March 2017 version.
512:: e.T181680A7703373.
494:Moelants, T. (2010).
471:John Wiley & Sons
426:Ng, Heok Hee (2000).
312:
303:Further information:
236:
838:(electric catfishes)
198:generate electricity
804:(African knifefish)
466:Fishes of the World
574:"Species in genus
543:"Species in genus
323:
239:
1117:
1116:
1066:Open Tree of Life
892:Taxon identifiers
883:
882:
775:Electroreceptors
327:ancient Egyptians
245:organs; however,
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24:Electric catfish
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875:Magnetoreception
826:(elephantfishes)
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657:"Cat-fish"
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247:electroreceptive
162:Electric catfish
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16:Family of fishes
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844:(electric rays)
842:Torpediniformes
818:(electric eels)
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335:mural paintings
321:, ancient Egypt
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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1130:Malapteruridae
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944:Malapteruridae
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920:
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836:Malapteruridae
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771:Electric organ
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662:Chisholm, Hugh
641:
619:
589:
576:Paradoxoglanis
570:Froese, Rainer
558:
539:Froese, Rainer
525:
486:
479:
444:
409:
373:
372:
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300:
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293:Paradoxoglanis
278:New York Times
267:Paradoxoglanis
230:
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206:electric organ
189:Paradoxoglanis
166:Malapteruridae
157:
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152:Paradoxoglanis
140:
139:
135:
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125:Malapteruridae
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95:Actinopterygii
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848:Uranoscopidae
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834:
831:
828:
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815:Electrophorus
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811:
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736:Electric fish
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638:(2): 112–137.
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315:Mastaba of Ti
311:
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282:M. electricus
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264:and three in
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27:
22:
19:
899:
870:Lateral line
850:(stargazers)
835:
814:
802:Gymnarchidae
784:Knollenorgan
691:. Retrieved
665:
635:
631:
605:
601:
581:
575:
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545:Malapterurus
544:
509:
503:
497:
489:
464:
436:. Retrieved
429:
401:. Retrieved
396:
390:
377:
363:
356:
347:
324:
317:bas-relief,
292:
289:Malapterurus
288:
286:
281:
277:
274:Malapterurus
273:
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261:Malapterurus
259:
256:swim bladder
243:electrogenic
240:
187:
183:Malapterurus
181:
165:
161:
160:
150:
146:Malapterurus
144:
143:
105:Siluriformes
38:
18:
1014:iNaturalist
924:Wikispecies
229:Description
1124:Categories
830:Rajiformes
824:Mormyridae
743:Physiology
438:2007-07-28
403:2009-06-24
369:References
214:Nile River
192:, with 21
115:Siluroidea
608:: 37–67.
331:arthritis
218:nocturnal
204:from its
174:catfishes
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
951:BioLib:
915:Q1326591
909:Wikidata
832:(skates)
693:15 March
583:FishBase
552:FishBase
291:and all
223:detritus
212:and the
121:Family:
85:Chordata
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
1094:4780692
858:Related
764:Anatomy
664:(ed.).
473:, Inc.
399:: 1–628
392:Zootaxa
357:el raad
343:3100 BC
319:Saqqara
252:barbels
194:species
138:Genera
130:Bleeker
101:Order:
91:Class:
1107:154658
1091:uBio:
1084:265806
1045:164140
1032:111657
967:201080
795:Groups
477:
355:الرعد
341:about
339:Narmer
210:Africa
178:genera
170:family
132:, 1858
1102:WoRMS
1071:87888
1058:31001
1027:IRMNG
1019:85882
980:624KQ
954:15728
660:. In
387:(PDF)
202:volts
168:is a
1053:NCBI
1040:ITIS
1006:5159
1001:GBIF
993:5096
962:BOLD
695:2017
510:2010
475:ISBN
397:1418
186:and
988:EoL
975:CoL
939:ADW
610:doi
514:doi
172:of
164:or
1126::
1104::
1081::
1068::
1055::
1042::
1029::
1016::
1003::
990::
977::
964::
941::
926::
911::
676:^
644:^
636:20
634:.
622:^
606:19
604:.
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549:.
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508:.
502:.
469:.
447:^
412:^
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389:.
345:.
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180:,
728:e
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714:v
697:.
616:.
612::
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516::
500:"
496:"
483:.
441:.
432:"
428:"
406:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
