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various covered stations and city supply points. This would require underground or overhead wiring similar to that used for electric light, trolleys, and other power users of the time. It was thought that the wiring could supply electricity to various outlet posts at strategic places throughout a city or fire protected district. These outlets would supply the necessary current to the fire-engine's electric motor. The vehicle itself was to be hauled by horses and would consist of a carriage wagon with an
154:
95:
197:
347:
128:
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water tank with hundreds of gallons of water that could be used immediately at the site of the fire. The hoses were then connected to the city fire hydrants for more water if needed for a large fire. In 1901, the Paris Fire
Brigade put an electric fire engine into successful operation that also had a hook-and-ladder wagon. It had an electric motor-driven water pump to which hoses were attached for the firemen to use.
240:-operated, self-propelled electric fire engines, which they claim are a better, cleaner and greener alternative to gasoline and diesel fuel fire trucks. These are said to be better suited for particular types of environments such as resorts and manufacturing facilities. Harnessing battery power is an old idea, going back to the 19th century. It joins an increasingly long
1947:
111:. The fire-engine vehicle was designed with the same general equipment as a regular steam fire engine of the time, but used electrically operated equipment instead of steam power. It was designed with an electrical regulator, and a switch for the main electric motor that drove the water pump, that pushed water through the fire-hoses used to put out the fire.
1363:
376:
There were experimental test operations set up to see if the idea was feasible; however, the technology of electrical systems and power grid infrastructures were inadequate in the nineteenth-century to operate such a system. Another disadvantage was the possibility of power loss caused by wire breaks
216:
in Paris and became very popular during its first six months of successful operation. It was demonstrated that this electric fire-engine allowed firemen to begin to extinguish a fire four minutes earlier than a steam fire engine. The fire-engine was self-propelled by on board batteries, and carried a
367:
Other advantages of using an electric fire engine were that it would not produce loud noises, smoke, dust, cinders and ashes, as steam fire engines did. Also, the cost of an electric fire engine would be about one-third that of a steam boiler fire engine. A typical electric fire engine weighed sixty
114:
The electric motor was equipped with several hundred feet of cable carried on a reel. The cable attached to a specially designed electrical outlet box that was nearest to the fire. The box would be located next to the water plugs throughout the city districts in the manner previously mentioned. When
1932:
The electrically-operated fire engine would possess a number of advantages over the steam fire engine. Not only would it be much lighter and smaller for the same capacity, but it would be simpler and more efficient and not necessitate any waiting, as at present, to raise steam. In fact, as soon as
329:
When conceived in the nineteenth century, the electric fire engine was proposed to replace the steam fire engine in use at the time. It was to be constructed in such a way that it would use a supply of electrical power that came from a central station whereby electricity could be distributed to
180:
fire department purchased an electric fire truck with an automatic extending ladder that was operated by electricity in 1910. The aerial ladder was 85 feet (26 m) long and electrically raised, instead of being hand cranked by firemen to use it. Other city fire departments in the state were
144:
Joseph Sachs had also invented an electric fire engine vehicle consisting of a wagon on which a spring-supported platform held an electric motor which operated two rotary water pumps. The motor was supplied with a reel of electric cable and it could be regulated from either side of the vehicle.
363:
the water on a steam pump vehicle, with workmen furnishing coal for it. This was required so that as little time as possible was lost getting the water to boil to produce steam to run the water pump to extinguish the fire. In the case of an electric motor running a fire engine water pump, its
380:
The portable electric fire engine would be efficient and practical only if a supply of electricity was available in a city for this purpose. An argument against the high cost of such an electrical installation was that the cost would be lower in a city or district where there was already an
135:
William H. H. Whiting was an insurance adjustor and auditor with a special interest in fire prevention. Mr. Whiting made improvements to the design of an electric fire engine which was granted a patent (#632,665) in 1899. the principal points are the special combination of motor, a rotary
1933:
the engine arrived at the fire, the motor and pump could be started at once by simply making the connection with the plug or switch boxes. Aside from this, it would be free from all smoke, dust, cinders and ashes, which are such objectionable accompaniments of steam fire engines.
69:. The electric motor was claimed to be simpler, cleaner, and faster in operation, would save money, and require less maintenance than the steam fire engine. Though production of most electric-powered fire engines ended in the early 20th century when they were superseded by
1355:
255:
that is designed halfway between a twenty-first century automobile and an ordinary gasoline fire engine. The front part carries two firemen, and the rear is a large water-tank with a ladder on top. The vehicle makes its own hydrogen and oxygen needed to supply the
358:
The electric fire engine would have several advantages over the steam fire engine. One was that an electric fire engine could be brought to full power immediately, whereas a steam fire engine took time. It was necessary to keep the fire going all the time to
161:
There were various experimental illustrations showing what an electrical fire engine could do better than a steam fire engine if the complete system was put into operation. One set up demonstration was at the
Crystal palace electrical exhibition of 1892.
364:
operation was basically instantaneous since the motor was running at full power capacity when the switch was turned on. The advantage of using electricity was its lower cost overall, (i.e. no coal or extensive maintenance) and simplicity of operation.
1266:"Slowly but surely, the BMW i3 is becoming the most preferred model for all kind different social sector like state police or fire brigade. And the last social unit to receive a whole fleet of BMW i3s is no other than London Fire Brigade"
106:
patented an electric fire engine system in the United States in 1885. He filed his invention in 1882 and the patent was issued in 1885. The system included electrical infrastructure, with electric motor driven water pumps, on a
1501:
377:
or electrical equipment failures – which often happened during storms. The nineteenth-century idea to replace the existing steam fire engines with electric ones was ahead of its time and never moved forward.
1987:
302:. In 2021, the Pierce Volterra electric fire engine was put into service for the Madison Fire Department, where Engine 8 became the first in-service zero-emissions electric fire truck in North America.
1472:
1126:
287:, to develop an electric fire truck with a parallel-electric drive train and an internal combustion engine, which would fit the city's fleet vehicle sustainability and emissions initiatives.
1972:
1243:
457:
169:, was formed on 25 June 1890, to manufacture the fire engine apparatus and associated equipment. The Electric Fire Engine Company of America was formed December 1899 in
1493:
1417:
212:
experimented with a self-propelled electric fire engine in 1899. The French electric fire engine, known to them as the automobile pump, was first exhibited at the
1303:
1265:
1439:
241:
1464:
338:
permanently mounted atop. There would be cables from the motor that would connect to the outlet post to obtain the required supply of electric current.
136:
force-pump, controller and safety-valve, and automatic stop-motion. Whiting was a prolific inventor throughout his life, as was his father and brother.
1122:
1193:
381:
infrastructure set up to power electric lighting and electrical railways. The same current supply could be used for the electric fire engine system.
208:
Company of London built and experimented with an electric fire engine in 1891. It was shown at the Royal Naval
Exhibition in England in 1892. The
1235:
204:
Experimental electric fire-engines were made for testing in France, Germany and
England starting in the latter part of the nineteenth century.
688:
1189:
461:
1764:
1089:
1600:
432:
19:
188:
implemented use of battery-powered electrical fire engines, which were claimed to be much more effective than horse drawn engines.
1530:
1951:
115:
the engine was tested, it gave very good results, and is now in use at the factory of the
Crocker-Wheeler Electric Company, in
1977:
1967:
225:
1409:
1333:
213:
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1805:
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1046:
971:
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813:
772:
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645:
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1982:
299:
119:. The company claimed that an electric fire engine of the same capacity as a steam fire engine would be more efficient.
1295:
1157:
1153:
306:
230:
1273:
173:. It was to manufacture self-propelled automobile electric fire engines and general equipment for fire departments.
185:
177:
275:, with each of its four wheels powered by an electric motor, with a diesel-powered auxiliary engine as a backup
41:
Electric fire engine (left) next to a typical 19th-century steam pumper fire engine of equal capacity, c. 1895
1883:
1822:
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705:
662:
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527:
37:
1183:
683:
310:
166:
153:
94:
65:. Electric fire engines were first proposed in the 19th century to replace the steam pumpers used for
280:
78:
196:
767:
314:
108:
73:
fire engines, they have seen a revival in the 21st century, with fire engine manufacturers such as
678:
1832:
1209:
998:
390:
290:
In 2020, Rosenbauer announced that the production model, renamed the RT, would begin trials with
284:
272:
209:
116:
313:, making it the first in-service range-extended fire engine in North America. Also in 2022, the
346:
127:
1925:
1903:
1084:
925:
846:
252:
1914:
1756:
1385:
1079:
205:
170:
103:
58:
267:
introduced a concept vehicle named the
Concept Fire Truck (CFT). The CFT was designed with
260:
battery that operates the vehicle, water pump, smoke extractors, and electronic equipment.
1841:
1221:
1007:
351:
268:
237:
1592:
421:
1878:
1817:
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1735:
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1612:
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784:
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331:
276:
181:
watching its tests as they considered whether or not to purchase it for their firemen.
54:
1522:
422:"Schuyler Scatts Wheeler, President 1905–1906. Member biography for Wheeler, New York"
1961:
1859:"Electric Fire Engine – One Recently Invented with Several Advantages Claimed for it"
1593:"ELECTRIC FIRE ENGINE – One Recently Invented with Several Advantages Claimed for it"
597:"Electric Fire Engine – One Recently Invented with Several Advantages Claimed for it"
360:
70:
66:
62:
1325:
50:
335:
264:
74:
24:
1149:
291:
257:
31:
28:
1858:
1797:
1715:
1674:
1633:
1551:
1038:
963:
920:
879:
805:
762:
721:
637:
596:
555:
502:
1946:
318:
763:"Notice of Incorporation of The Electric Fire Engine Company of America"
431:. Piscataway, NJ: American Institute of Electrical Engineers. May 1934.
251:
designed an electric fire engine with a futuristic appearance. It is a
248:
1494:"LAFD debuts first Rosenbauer electric fire engine in North America"
847:"Electric Vehicles: Akron's Economical 12-ton Aerial Ladder Truck"
345:
295:
224:
195:
152:
126:
93:
36:
18:
98:
Wheeler's patented electric fire engine, the first such design
1236:"Brigade first in London to turn all blue light cars 'green'"
1386:"Sustainability | Fleet Service, City of Madison, Wisconsin"
408:
321:
fire engine, the first of its kind in the United
Kingdom.
1523:"London Fire Brigade first to deploy electrified engine"
1125:. Suzhou Eagle Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
1021:
1019:
1017:
368:
percent less than a steam boiler of the same capacity.
1988:
History of science and technology in the United States
1242:. London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority. 2017.
485:
483:
481:
479:
236:
In the 21st century, some manufacturers have designed
1332:. International Magazine of Electric Vehicles. 2017.
1465:"Step inside the nation's first electric fire truck"
1410:"Rosenbauer to deliver hybrid fire trucks this year"
1356:"Rosenbauer Introduces Concept Electric Fire Truck"
1913:Government Printing Office, United States (1886).
229:A Rosenbauer RTX electric fire engine used by the
1270:BMW i3s Are Now Equipping the London Fire Brigade
1973:Electric vehicles introduced in the 20th century
687:. Rochester, New York. 26 June 1890. p. 1.
157:A sketch of an electric fire engine, circa 1900
1853:
1851:
1763:. Saint Clairsville, Ohio. 29 September 1892.
1296:"London Fire Brigade rolls out electric fleet"
812:. Fitchburg, Massachusetts. 31 December 1910.
429:Electrical Engineering 50th Anniversary Number
1330:Electrifying Times – Latest Electric Car News
8:
1150:"Electric fire-engine US 588399 A G. W. COX"
874:
872:
562:. Reading, Pennsylvania. 30 September 1895.
242:list of production battery-operated vehicles
1302:. Public Sector Information Limited. 2017.
81:designing their own electric fire engines.
309:deployed a Rosenbauer RTX as Engine 82 in
1804:. Burlington, Vermont. 5 September 1889.
886:. Los Angeles, California. 11 May 1903.
542:
350:Nineteenth-century steam fire engine in
200:Siemens electric fire engine, circa 1891
1865:. Lawrence, Kansas. 16 September 1898.
1558:. York, Pennsylvania. 2 November 1893.
603:. Lawrence, Kansas. 16 September 1898.
509:. Marengo, Illinois. 23 November 1888.
401:
1830:
1217:
1207:
996:
458:"Electric Fire Engine Patent art work"
1123:"Electric fire engine truck, EG6040F"
1088:. Baltimore, Maryland. 29 July 1901.
1025:
771:. Des Moines, Iowa. 9 February 1900.
728:. Des Moines, Iowa. 4 February 1900.
489:
247:In 2002, the French car manufacturer
7:
1640:. Brownstown, Indiana. 23 May 1889.
1366:from the original on 6 December 2022
1336:from the original on 6 December 2015
1190:National Fire Protection Association
929:. Leavenworth, Kansas. 8 June 1899.
165:The Electric Fire Engine Company of
27:RT electric fire engine used by the
1722:. Galveston, Texas. 17 April 1889.
1420:from the original on 13 August 2020
1080:"Paris Fire Department Automobiles"
970:. London, England. 1 October 1897.
325:Background of design considerations
283:initiated a collaboration with the
1767:from the original on 31 March 2017
1603:from the original on 31 March 2017
1272:. PlugTheNet. 2017. Archived from
1160:from the original on 31 March 2017
1092:from the original on 31 March 2017
1045:. Camden, Tennessee. 9 June 1899.
691:from the original on 31 March 2017
438:from the original on 23 March 2017
16:Fire engine with an electric motor
14:
1869:from the original on 13 July 2023
1808:from the original on 13 July 2023
1726:from the original on 13 July 2023
1685:from the original on 13 July 2023
1681:. Newton, Kansas. 25 April 1889.
1644:from the original on 13 July 2023
1599:. Albany, Missouri. 1 July 1898.
1562:from the original on 13 July 2023
1326:"Future of firefighting unveiled"
1306:from the original on 1 April 2017
1246:from the original on 1 April 2017
1196:from the original on 13 July 2023
1148:Cox, George W. (17 August 1897).
1129:from the original on 1 April 2017
1049:from the original on 13 July 2023
974:from the original on 13 July 2023
933:from the original on 13 July 2023
890:from the original on 13 July 2023
816:from the original on 13 July 2023
775:from the original on 13 July 2023
732:from the original on 13 July 2023
648:from the original on 13 July 2023
607:from the original on 13 July 2023
566:from the original on 13 July 2023
513:from the original on 13 July 2023
1945:
1882:
1821:
1780:
1739:
1698:
1657:
1616:
1575:
1105:
1062:
987:
946:
903:
857:(26): 1706–1707. 16 January 1915
829:
788:
745:
704:
661:
620:
579:
526:
507:Marengo Republican-News – page 4
1930:. L. Cassier Company, Limited.
1916:Patents Relating to Electricity
1533:from the original on 2023-03-13
1504:from the original on 2023-03-13
1475:from the original on 2023-03-13
409:Government Printing Office 1886
1638:Jackson County Banner (page 2)
131:Whiting's electric fire engine
1:
556:"The Origins of Fire Engines"
460:. Siren World. Archived from
722:"Make Electric Fire Engines"
300:Australian Capital Territory
1905:The Popular Science Monthly
1185:Battery-operated Fire Truck
1154:United States Patent Office
644:. Ohio. 29 September 1892.
307:Los Angeles Fire Department
231:Los Angeles Fire Department
2004:
1757:"The Electric Fire Engine"
186:Cincinnati Fire Department
178:Springfield, Massachusetts
90:Schuyler Wheeler invention
1840:Cite uses generic title (
1761:Belmont Chronicle, page 3
1552:"An Electric Fire Engine"
1006:Cite uses generic title (
253:fuel cell battery vehicle
1192:. 1969. pp. 48–49.
317:deployed an electrified
1716:"Electric Fire Engines"
1675:"Electric Fire Engines"
1634:"Electric Fire Engines"
880:"Wonderful Fire Engine"
1924:Sachs, Joseph (1895).
1863:Lawrence Daily Journal
1679:Newton Kansan – page 1
1597:Albany Ledger – page 2
1039:"Electric Fire Engine"
921:"MUNICIPAL SANITATION"
684:Democrat and Chronicle
638:"Electric fire engine"
601:Lawrence Daily Journal
503:"Electric Fire Engine"
355:
233:
201:
167:Seneca Falls, New York
158:
140:Joseph Sachs invention
132:
99:
61:designed and used for
53:that is powered by an
42:
34:
1978:Experimental vehicles
1968:Fire service vehicles
1952:Electric fire engines
1802:Burlington Free Press
1390:www.cityofmadison.com
349:
228:
199:
156:
130:
123:William H. H. Whiting
97:
40:
22:
1954:at Wikimedia Commons
1720:Galveston Daily News
1500:. 11 February 2020.
281:Pierce Manufacturing
221:21st century revival
192:European experiments
149:American experiments
79:Pierce Manufacturing
47:electric fire engine
1983:American inventions
1240:London Fire Brigade
1188:. Vol. 36–37.
768:Des Moines Register
726:Des Moines Register
315:London Fire Brigade
285:City of Madison, WI
109:horse-drawn vehicle
1927:Cassier's Magazine
810:Fitchburg Sentinel
391:Charles A. Cheever
356:
273:all-wheel steering
234:
210:Paris Fire Brigade
202:
159:
133:
117:Ampere, New Jersey
102:American inventor
100:
43:
35:
1950:Media related to
1902:Appleton (1895).
1444:www.firehouse.com
1085:The Baltimore Sun
968:The Church Weekly
926:Leavenworth Times
884:Los Angeles Times
214:1900 World's Fair
57:—essentially, an
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1110:
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1056:
1054:
1043:Camden Chronicle
1035:
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1004:
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994:
992:
991:
981:
979:
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938:
917:
911:
910:
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897:
895:
876:
867:
866:
864:
862:
851:Electrical World
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
823:
821:
806:"New Fire Truck"
802:
796:
795:
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464:on 23 March 2017
454:
448:
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443:
437:
426:
418:
412:
406:
206:Siemens Brothers
171:Des Moines, Iowa
104:Schuyler Wheeler
59:electric vehicle
2003:
2002:
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1416:. 8 July 2020.
1408:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1362:. 11 May 2017.
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1309:
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1294:
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1276:on 1 April 2017
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964:"no title"
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397:References
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258:fuel cell
32:Feuerwehr
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511:Archived
468:22 March
442:22 March
433:Archived
385:See also
319:Volvo FL
1896:Sources
1340:1 April
642:Belmont
249:Peugeot
85:History
1200:16 May
861:16 May
354:museum
436:(PDF)
425:(PDF)
296:Dubai
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1875:2017
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1426:2020
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