620:
265:
155:
858:
714:
810:
798:
556:
324:
428:
735:
460:
404:
184:
870:
659:
588:
822:
492:
227:
207:
691:
675:
108:
834:
524:
285:
749:
540:
508:
476:
384:
364:
305:
246:
604:
572:
344:
846:
150:
Electrical shocks on humans can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Size, frequency and duration of the electrical current affect the damage. The effects from electric shock can be: stopping the heart beating properly, preventing the person from breathing, causing muscle spasms. The skin
166:– can be avoided by automatic disconnection for TT system, automatic disconnection for TN systems, automatic disconnection on a second fault in an IT system, measures of protection against direct or indirect contact without automatic disconnection of supply
50:
promulgated a much-needed regulation in the
General Industry Regulations. Several standards are defined for control of hazardous energy, or lockout/tagout. In 1995 OSHA was successful in promulgation of regulations for utility. In 1994 were established
59:
Standard 29 CFR 1910.269 – for electric power generation, transmission, and distribution, contained comprehensive regulations and addressed control of hazardous energy sources for power plant locations
172:– can be avoided by protection by the insulation of live parts, protection by means of barriers or enclosures, partial measures of protection, particular measures of protection
1078:
1156:
47:
1242:
IEC 60050-195:1998. International
Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Part 195: Earthing and protection against electric shock. Edition 1.0. – Geneva: IEC, 1998‑08.
1020:
1067:
1056:
645:
The manufacturers of electronic tools must take into account several standard for electronic safety to protect the health of humans and animals.
1239:Дулицкий Г. А., Комаревцев А. П. Электробезопасность при эксплуатации электроустановок напряжением до 1000 В. Справочник. — М.: Воениздат, 1988.
1032:
68:
987:
976:
1269:
809:
1122:
869:
857:
906:
739:
560:
464:
408:
328:
188:
965:
1279:
1197:
1111:
432:
1256:
N. Kuster, Q. Balzano, James C. Lin – Mobile
Communications Safety, Springer Science & Business Media, 6 Dec 2012
1163:
22:
is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers from
1274:
1186:
797:
778:
663:
592:
211:
496:
231:
1009:
821:
528:
289:
55:
non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home and in the workplace.
753:
718:
695:
679:
544:
512:
480:
388:
368:
309:
250:
624:
608:
576:
348:
269:
154:
31:
1208:
1036:
845:
928:
1089:
940:
35:
833:
783:
773:
439:
92:
23:
222:– AS/NZS 3000:2007, AS/NZS 3012:2010, AS/NZS 3017:2007, AS/NZS 3760:2010, AS/NZS 4836:2011
91:
from mechanical destruction caused by lightning effects and the associated risk of fire,
238:Български Държавен Стандарт – (On English:Bulgarian state standard) – БДС 12.2.096:1986
1219:
336:
1144:
1263:
416:
132:
16:
Standards and procedures intended to protect from the damaging effects of electricity
27:
1100:
998:
895:
1134:НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ Система стандартов безопасности труда
395:– ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р МЭК 61140-2000,ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р 52726-2007
96:
1248:
M.M. Dawoud, A.S. Farag, J.M. Bakhashwain, and A. Frazi,"Study of EM Fields and
1230:
79:
Lightning and
Earthing protection systems are essential for the protection of
219:
107:
84:
316:
La norme français C 15-100 – Aspects de la norme d’installation électrique
1133:
653:
potentially hazardous electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies.
875:
444:
339:
BS EN 61439, BS 5266, BS 5839, BS 6423, BS 6626, BS EN 62305, BS EN 60529
239:
88:
711:
Few standard were introduced for the harmful impact from high frequency,
297:
649:
ANSI C95.3:1972 – Techniques & instrumentation for measurement of
941:"A Guide to the 2023 National Electrical Safety Code - IEEE Spectrum"
396:
376:
317:
258:
46:
The electrical safety develops with the technical progress. In 1989
1245:
Marinela
Yordanova – Technical Safety, Bulgaria BDS standards, 2010
356:
277:
153:
106:
80:
945:
64:
917:
729:
ANSI/IEEE 1.2 mW/Cm for antennas 1800-2000 MHz range.
1209:
High
Frequency Radiation and Human Exposure Mahmoud M. Dawoud
1252:
Radiated Power
Generated from Dammam Radio Stations,"1998
151:
features also affect the consequences of electric shock.
763:
141:
lightning conductor with meshed cage (Faraday cage)
95:, and electrical equipment from electric shock and
707:Communication and high frequency safety standards
195:NEC 2008 Table 250.122 – Safeco Electric Supply
8:
300:NSR Niederspannungsrichtlinie 2014/35/EU
53:Electrical Safety Foundation International
1123:Bezpieczenstwo-uzytkowania-i-funkcjonalne
487:СТО 083-004-2010,ГОСТ Р МЭК 62561.2-2014
888:
793:
1157:"Electronic products safety standards"
135:(simple rod or with triggering system)
257:Brazilian National Regulation – NR10
63:Standards are compared with those of
7:
988:Physiological Effects of Electricity
641:Electronic products safety standards
583:UNE 21186. Protección contra el rayo
146:Physiological effects of electricity
69:National Fire Protection Association
14:
966:http://www.electrical-knowhow.com
878:pictogram for electrical hazards.
415:NFPA, IEEE STD 80, IEEE STD 80 –
75:Lightning and earthing protection
1220:Radio frequency safety standards
1057:Brazilian National Standard Page
929:The history of electrical safety
868:
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
796:
747:
733:
712:
689:
673:
657:
618:
602:
586:
570:
554:
538:
522:
506:
490:
474:
458:
426:
402:
382:
362:
342:
322:
303:
283:
263:
244:
225:
205:
182:
1021:Australian Electrical Standards
815:Principle Protection separation
1090:http://www.france-electric.com
636:Electronics and communications
453:Lightning protection standards
138:lightning rod with taut wires.
1:
896:Controlling electrical hazard
379:– PN-EN 61010-2-201:2013-12E
177:Electrical safety conductors
127:Lightning protection systems
1010:electrical-installation.org
732:Radio Communication safety
359:– IS-5216, IS-5571, IS-6665
200:Electrical safety standards
103:Earthing protection systems
1296:
779:Electrical safety testing
1079:https://www.tuev-nord.de
977:Electrical installations
851:Extra low voltage symbol
355:India Standardization –
827:Safe distances earthing
280:GB4943, GB17625, GB9254
218:Australian Standards –
1270:Electrical engineering
1198:http://www.metlabs.com
1187:http://www.metlabs.com
1033:"BDS Official webpage"
863:Fire protection symbol
784:Electrical Color Codes
725:CB-02 Radio Equipment
670:CNC-St2-44.01 V02.1.1
159:
112:
32:electromagnetic fields
746:ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992,
157:
110:
1145:https://www.osha.gov
158:Electric shock graph
999:Electrical injuries
503:БДС EN 62305-1:2011
471:NFPA 780, IEC 62305
335:British standard –
1280:Lists of standards
422:NFPA 496, NFPA 70
160:
113:
111:TT earthing system
93:Transmission lines
36:static electricity
1275:Electrical safety
1068:CCC Certification
774:Extra-low voltage
519:Norme NF C 15-100
20:Electrical safety
1287:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1162:. Archived from
1161:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1101:British standard
1098:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1035:. Archived from
1029:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1001:
996:
990:
985:
979:
974:
968:
963:
957:
956:
954:
953:
937:
931:
926:
920:
915:
909:
904:
898:
893:
872:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
759:
751:
750:
745:
737:
736:
724:
716:
715:
701:
693:
692:
685:
677:
676:
669:
661:
660:
630:
622:
621:
614:
606:
605:
599:SNI 03-7015-2004
598:
590:
589:
582:
574:
573:
566:
558:
557:
550:
542:
541:
534:
526:
525:
518:
510:
509:
502:
494:
493:
486:
478:
477:
470:
462:
461:
448:
438:
430:
429:
414:
406:
405:
394:
386:
385:
374:
366:
365:
354:
346:
345:
334:
326:
325:
315:
307:
306:
295:
287:
286:
275:
267:
266:
256:
248:
247:
237:
229:
228:
217:
209:
208:
194:
186:
185:
164:Indirect contact
24:electric current
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1260:
1259:
1236:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1112:Indian standard
1110:
1106:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1004:
997:
993:
986:
982:
975:
971:
964:
960:
951:
949:
939:
938:
934:
927:
923:
916:
912:
907:Brainfilter.com
905:
901:
894:
890:
886:
879:
873:
864:
861:
852:
849:
840:
837:
828:
825:
816:
813:
804:
801:
792:
770:
760:ГОСТ Р 50829-95
757:
748:
743:
734:
722:
713:
709:
699:
690:
683:
674:
667:
658:
643:
638:
631:GB/T 36490-2018
628:
619:
612:
603:
596:
587:
580:
571:
564:
555:
548:
539:
532:
523:
516:
507:
500:
491:
484:
475:
468:
459:
455:
442:
436:
427:
412:
403:
392:
383:
375:Polska Norma –
372:
363:
352:
343:
332:
323:
313:
304:
293:
284:
273:
264:
254:
245:
235:
226:
215:
206:
202:
192:
183:
179:
148:
129:
105:
77:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1223:
1212:
1201:
1190:
1179:
1148:
1137:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1049:
1024:
1013:
1002:
991:
980:
969:
958:
932:
921:
910:
899:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
874:
867:
865:
862:
855:
853:
850:
843:
841:
838:
831:
829:
826:
819:
817:
814:
807:
805:
802:
795:
791:
788:
787:
786:
781:
776:
769:
766:
765:
764:
761:
730:
708:
705:
704:
703:
702:MET MOC 023/96
687:
671:
651:
650:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
632:
616:
600:
584:
568:
552:
536:
535:DIN EN 62305-1
520:
504:
488:
472:
454:
451:
450:
449:
420:
419:
400:
380:
360:
340:
337:United Kingdom
320:
301:
281:
261:
242:
223:
201:
198:
197:
196:
178:
175:
174:
173:
170:Direct contact
167:
147:
144:
143:
142:
139:
136:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
117:
104:
101:
76:
73:
61:
60:
43:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1292:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1169:on 2018-05-16
1165:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1108:
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1102:
1097:
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1091:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1039:on 2018-07-28
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1000:
995:
992:
989:
984:
981:
978:
973:
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967:
962:
959:
948:
947:
942:
936:
933:
930:
925:
922:
919:
914:
911:
908:
903:
900:
897:
892:
889:
883:
877:
871:
866:
859:
854:
847:
842:
839:Lightning rod
835:
830:
823:
818:
811:
806:
803:Danger symbol
799:
794:
789:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
767:
762:
755:
741:
740:United States
731:
728:
727:
726:
720:
706:
697:
688:
681:
672:
665:
656:
655:
654:
648:
647:
646:
640:
635:
626:
617:
610:
601:
594:
585:
578:
569:
562:
561:Great Britain
553:
546:
537:
530:
521:
514:
505:
498:
489:
482:
473:
466:
465:United States
457:
456:
452:
446:
441:
434:
425:
424:
423:
418:
417:United States
410:
409:United States
401:
398:
390:
381:
378:
370:
361:
358:
350:
341:
338:
330:
329:Great Britain
321:
319:
311:
302:
299:
291:
282:
279:
271:
262:
260:
252:
243:
241:
233:
224:
221:
213:
204:
203:
199:
190:
189:United States
181:
180:
176:
171:
168:
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161:
156:
152:
145:
140:
137:
134:
133:lightning rod
131:
130:
126:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
87:, protecting
86:
82:
74:
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66:
58:
57:
56:
54:
49:
41:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1251:
1226:
1215:
1204:
1193:
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1164:the original
1151:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1107:
1096:
1085:
1074:
1063:
1052:
1041:. Retrieved
1037:the original
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
983:
972:
961:
950:. Retrieved
944:
935:
924:
913:
902:
891:
710:
652:
644:
421:
169:
163:
149:
78:
62:
52:
45:
19:
18:
567:BS-EN 62305
551:PN-EN 62305
443: [
433:Netherlands
296:IEEE/TÜV –
97:Overcurrent
1264:Categories
1173:2017-06-28
1043:2017-06-25
952:2024-02-21
884:References
85:structures
664:Argentina
593:Indonesia
220:Australia
212:Australia
122:IT system
119:TN system
116:TT system
89:buildings
876:ISO 7010
768:See also
497:Bulgaria
440:NEN 1010
240:Bulgaria
232:Bulgaria
790:Gallery
686:NOM-152
615:IS 2309
529:Germany
298:Germany
290:Germany
42:History
756:
754:Russia
752:
742:
738:
721:
719:Canada
717:
698:
696:Israel
694:
682:
680:Mexico
678:
666:
662:
627:
623:
611:
607:
595:
591:
579:
575:
563:
559:
547:
545:Poland
543:
531:
527:
515:
513:France
511:
499:
495:
483:
481:Russia
479:
467:
463:
435:
431:
411:
407:
397:Russia
391:
389:Russia
387:
377:Poland
371:
369:Poland
367:
351:
347:
331:
327:
318:France
312:
310:France
308:
292:
288:
272:
268:
259:Brazil
253:
251:Brazil
249:
234:
230:
214:
210:
191:
187:
81:humans
28:arcing
1167:(PDF)
1160:(PDF)
758:(RUS)
744:(USA)
723:(CAN)
700:(ISR)
684:(MEX)
668:(ARG)
629:(CHN)
625:China
613:(IND)
609:India
597:(INA)
581:(ESP)
577:Spain
565:(GBR)
549:(POL)
533:(GER)
517:(FRA)
501:(BUL)
485:(RUS)
469:(USA)
447:]
437:(NED)
413:(USA)
393:(RUS)
373:(POL)
357:India
353:(IND)
349:India
333:(GBR)
314:(FRA)
294:(GER)
278:China
274:(CHN)
270:China
255:(BRA)
236:(BUL)
216:(AUS)
193:(USA)
1231:ГОСТ
946:IEEE
918:ESFI
67:and
65:IEEE
48:OSHA
34:and
1266::
943:.
445:nl
276:–
99:.
83:,
71:.
38:.
30:,
26:,
1176:.
1046:.
955:.
399:|
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