1476:(MCA) in 94 municipalities. The goal of the project is to increase service coverage from the current 78% to 97% in 2012. Total investment required has been estimated at US$ 40 million. This project will be implemented through the Electricity and Telephone National Investment Fund (FINET). According to the FINET Creating Law, resources for the construction and improvement of electrical infrastructure will be granted through the auctioning of subsidies. For the allocation of funds to implement this rural electrification sub-activity, electricity distribution companies, authorized by the Electricity and Telecommunications Superintendence (SIGET) will be able to participate.
1120:
990:
1140:
environmental impacts; and (iv) increase energy services coverage to the population and to the economic sectors. The specific objectives and strategic lines of the
National Energy Policy include: (i) diversification and increase of energy sources; (ii) expansion of coverage; (iii) promotion of market efficiency and establishment of clear and stable rules; (iii) promotion of energy efficiency; and (iv) support for energy integration.
1136:
schedules to reduce vehicle traffic. Less than one year after the creation of the
Committee, the necessity to broaden its scope of action was acknowledged, which led to the creation, in July 2006, of the National Energy Council (CNE). The CNE will propose, manage and contribute to the agencies in charge of approving energy strategies that participate in the country's socio-economic development in harmony with the environment.
1634:
3568:
33:
3578:
1648:
1128:
higher tariffs, lower reserve margins and eventually lead to a supply crisis in which it could be forced to invest in the sector. In order to address this problem, in 2003 and 2004, the
Government instituted rules for allowing competitively bid long-term contract prices to be reflected in consumer tariffs and empowered the regulator to shift to a cost-based market if evidence of
518:(CNE), which has the role of analyzing El Salvador's energy situation as well as the Government proposals, recommending the inclusion of new actions and strategies. The CNE seeks to contribute to a shift in generation towards renewable energy and to modify consumption patterns toward the efficient use of energy.
337:), the rest of the generation capacity is in private hands. With demand expected to grow at a rate of 5% in the coming years, the Government's 2007 National Energy Strategy identified several hydroelectric and geothermal projects as the best option to meet demand in the future and to diversify the country's
1170:
aims at the electric integration of the region. Feasibility studies showed that the creation of a regional transmission system would be very positive for the region and lead to a reduction in electricity costs and to improvements in the continuity and reliability of supply. In 1996, the six countries
1127:
The remuneration of generators in the spot market did not generate interest from private producers to obtain high returns and therefore install new capacity. As a result, the
Government was concerned with the possibility that a lack of new generation capacity could lead both to higher spot prices and
1069:
The 2007 National Energy
Strategy determines that potential geothermal capacity in El Salvador is about 450 MW. Expansion plans could result in 183 MW additional capacity in the period 2006-2014 (a 121% increase in the next 7 years), with projects to be developed in Ahuachapán (25 MW),
432:
In 1995, only 65.5% of the population in El
Salvador had access to electricity. Currently, the electrification index is 83.4%. This coverage is higher than that in Guatemala (83.1%), Honduras (71.2%) and Nicaragua (55%) but lower than the one for Costa Rica (98.3%) and Panamá (87.1%) and also below
1468:
Rural electrification projects are executed mainly through the Social
Investment Fund for Local Development (FISDL), in operation since 1990. The FISDL has executed a large number of projects totaling over US$ 400 million, although it has faced obstacles to achieve its goals, mainly due to a lack of
414:
Increase in maximum demand since the year 2000 has been matched by similar increases in installed capacity. Average annual increase in maximum demand has been 2.6%, while average increase in installed capacity has been 2.9%, with increase percentages above 6% for both measures for the year 2006. The
1488:
In 2006, there were 11 generation companies in El
Salvador, with 18 out of 22 generation plants in private hands and 97% of hydroelectric capacity owned by the public company CEL (Comisión Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa). As for transmission, it is in the hands of one government-owned company, Etesal
1358:
Public/private partnerships constitute the major source of financing for generation. They include investments in geothermal facilities through La Geo and its strategic investor, which are likely to go ahead; other investments in this category include the
Chaparral power plant ($ 143 million). It is
1143:
Since
November 2007 the Salvadoran government has been evaluating a Natural Gas law, since Natural Gas is not included nor regulated under the current Hydrocarbons Law. This move has been propitiated because of a new large-scale natural gas project being developed by Cutuco Energy Central America.
1036:
This expansion of the hydroelectric capacity would add 351 MW to the system in the next 5 years, a 76% increase in current capacity. In addition, if the bi-national projects El Tigre (in the Lempa River) and El Jobo and Piedra de Toro (in the Paz River) with Honduras and Guatemala were carried
976:
The 2007 National Energy Policy supports the diversification and increase of energy sources, mainly through renewable energy such as hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar, wind power and biofuels (as well as mineral coal and natural gas). Besides hydroelectricity and geothermal energy, the government
1139:
In May 2007, the Salvadoran government produced its National Energy Policy, whose main objectives are: (i) ensuring proper, continuous, quality and reasonably priced energy supply; (ii) reduce vulnerability in energy provision through diversification of the country's energy sources; (iii) minimize
1135:
In July 2005, as a result of the high international oil prices, the government created the National Emergency Committee to Address High Oil Prices in an attempt to analyze and promote measures to minimize impacts. This Committee promoted certain specific actions such as the spreading out working
1065:
Currently, there are two geothermal facilities in operation in El Salvador, the 95 MW Ahuachapan, and the 66 MW Berlin plant. Majority state-owned power company LaGeo, formerly Gesal, operates the two plants. LaGeo is currently expanding the two existing geothermal plants, as well as
980:
In November 2007, El Salvador approved the Fiscal Incentives Law for the Promotion of Renewable Energy. This new legal framework includes incentives such as a 10-year tax exemption for projects below 10 MW of generation capacity. A new System for the Promotion of Renewable Energy (SIFER)
1099:
and the horizontal division of generation and distribution into several companies was carried out in the period 1996-2000. The Electricity Law (Legislative decree No.843) and its secondary legislation were enacted in 1996 and 1997 respectively through initiatives led by the Electrical Energy
1174:
The design of the Regional Electricity Market (MER) was done in 1997 and approved in 2000. MER is an additional market superimposed on the existing six national markets, with a regional regulation, in which the agents authorized by the Regional Operational Body (EOR) carry out international
1484:
Until the mid-1990s, the power sector in Salvador operated through the government owned Comisión Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa (CEL), which provided generation, transmission and distribution services. The electricity sector restructuring that led to the unbundling of electricity generation,
418:
As for the future, demand is expected to grow at an annual rate of 5% in the coming years. Peak demand is expected to grow from 833 MW in 2005 to 1,030 MW in 2010. Planning simulations indicate that the risk of power rationing is unlikely to occur until 2010 even if there is a delay in the
1215:
Electricity prices vary considerably from one distribution company to another. Small (high cost) consumers have high prices and larger (lower cost) consumers have lower prices. This is an indication that tariffs in El Salvador reflect costs better than those in other countries.
423:
interconnection. The 2007 National Energy Strategy identifies the geothermal and hydroelectric projects more likely to be executed in order to close the gap between demand and supply in the future and to meet the objective of diversifying the country's energy mix.
1100:
Directorate (DEE) within the Ministry of Economy (MINEC). The General Superintendence for Electricity and Telecommunications (SIGET) was created as part of the reform and assigned the responsibility of applying the sector laws and monitoring compliance with them.
398:
In 2006, total electricity sold in El Salvador was 4,794 GWh, which corresponds to 702kWh annual per capita consumption. The residential sector accounted for 33% of the consumption, with the unregulated market making up for 11% of the electricity consumed.
1359:
also important to note that these estimates are just for investments required within El Salvador. They do not take into account financing required for the 300 MW of firm generation capacity assumed to be available from regional sources through the
415:
nominal reserve margin for the system in 2004 was 36%. Although high, this number does not capture the vulnerability of the generation system to particular unit outages, especially those related to hydroelectric capacity and availability.
1235:
In 2006, according to the available data, 809,536 users (i.e. 60.6% of the clients connected the distribution network) were subsidized. Together, these consumers accounted for 10.6% of the total energy demand at the distribution level.
1199:
Electricity prices are regulated by SIGET. They comprise generation, transmission, distribution, and supply components. In 2005, the average residential tariff in El Salvador was US$ 0.139 per kWh, which is above the US$ 0.105 per kWh
525:(UT) is the private company in charge of administering the wholesale electricity market, being in charge of system dispatch and performing clearing-house functions. UT is also responsible for the operation of the transmission system.
503:), created in 2001, is the administrative Unit within the Ministry of Economy that is in charge of elaborating, proposing, coordinating and executing policies, programs, projects and other actions in the electricity sector.
344:
This would also reduce the dependence on traditional thermal sources and, with that, the vulnerability to high oil prices that the country started to face in 2005. El Salvador is also one of the countries included in the
374:
and 12% geothermal. The largest share of generation capacity (65%) was in private hands. In terms of evolution, installed capacity has almost doubled in the last 20 years and increased by 200 MW since the year 2000.
3105:
981:
contemplates the creation of a Revolving Fund for the Promotion of Renewable Energy (FOFER) that would provide soft loans and guarantees and assist in the financing of feasibility studies for new projects.
1111:), the transmission company that resulted from the restructuring of CEL. Such an allowance, together with the organization of a price-based spot market, is surprising in a small system with few operators.
1224:
For residential users with consumption levels below 100 kWh, 86% of the difference between the full tariff and the maximum prices established in November 1999 is subsidized. Those maximum prices are:
1709:
1472:
One of the most ambitious projects for rural electrification will be carried out during the next 5 years in the North of the country through a co-investment project of the Government with the
3130:
3114:
510:(SIGET) is the regulatory body for both the electricity and telecommunications sector. SIGET is in charge of regulating the power market, the distribution companies and consumer prices.
1538:
The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARN) is the institution in charge of the conservation, protection and sustainable use of the natural resources and the environment.
3098:
1725:
1179:) is in charge of the design, engineering, and construction of about 1,800 km of 230kV transmission lines. The project is expected to be operational by the end of 2008.
1107:
in generation, transmission, distribution and supply. The only limitation consists of prohibiting generation, distribution and supply companies from owning shares in Etesal (
533:
In 2006, there were 11 generation companies in El Salvador. Of the 22 generating plants, 18 were in private hands. The only public company with a stake in generation is CEL (
3091:
437:. Electrification in most major urban centers is estimated to be above 97%, whereas rural coverage is around 72%. The Ministry of Economy's plans seek to reach a 93%
1689:
1066:
conducting a feasibility study for a third plant, Cuyanausul. It is expected that the three projects add 64 MW of installed electric generation capacity by 2007.
2826:
977:
foresees the addition of 50 MW of renewable generation in the next 10 years in the form of wind power, solar power, biomass and mini-hydroelectric plants.
2887:
2308:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1248:
interconnection) and distribution investments, including rural electrification. Investment requirements for the period 2005-2009 were estimated as follows:
3328:
2753:
1717:
458:
In 2005, the average number of interruptions per subscriber was 12, while duration of interruptions per subscriber was 16 hours. This is very close to the
3607:
2695:
1666:
1485:
transmission and distribution and the horizontal division of generation and distribution into several companies was carried out in the period 1996-2000.
2779:
2321:
2452:
2533:
1371:
The budgeted investment in rural electrification during 2004-2009 amounts to around US$ 100 million, financed as summarized in the following table:
2957:
1171:(Panama, Honduras, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and El Salvador) signed the Framework Treaty for the Electricity Market in Central America.
3602:
3439:
3288:
3275:
2016:
1982:
3486:
2513:
2437:
2072:
1244:
Expansion plan requirements include, in addition to generation additions, transmission investments (including 230kV lines that link with the
1183:
1087:(CEL), which provided generation, transmission and distribution services. The electricity sector restructuring that led to the unbundling of
3072:
3042:
2947:
3571:
3512:
3507:
2390:
2385:
1030:
3353:
3243:
3067:
2569:
2523:
2518:
2380:
2375:
1957:
1926:
2997:
2427:
2370:
1009:
3047:
2190:
1699:
1008:) owns and operates 97% of the capacity. The four hydroelectric plants in El Salvador are: 5 de Noviembre (81.4 MW), Guajoyo (15MW),
2819:
2604:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
3165:
2937:
2665:
2574:
2498:
2447:
2301:
3517:
3183:
2952:
2927:
2847:
2628:
2342:
1671:
1599:
1209:
1205:
1159:
463:
434:
172:
160:
49:
3002:
3471:
3343:
3218:
3188:
3160:
2912:
2743:
2713:
2685:
2432:
2352:
3037:
1208:. In contrast, the average industrial tariff for El Salvador, US$ 0.103 per kWh was below the US$ 0.107 per kWh average for
474:
In 2006, distribution losses in El Salvador were 12.4%, only higher than those of Costa Rica (9.4%) and below the regional
333:
3538:
3502:
3338:
3238:
3213:
3057:
2680:
2442:
2422:
2417:
3052:
3553:
3476:
3444:
3363:
3253:
3233:
3223:
3140:
3062:
2922:
2867:
2812:
1473:
1144:
This project will use Natural Gas to generate 525 MW, more than half of what is currently generated in El Salvador.
3032:
2942:
2852:
3434:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3298:
3283:
3258:
3155:
3150:
3027:
3022:
3017:
2907:
2872:
2718:
2675:
2655:
2528:
2503:
2488:
2483:
2294:
2132:
1676:
1566:
1103:
The electricity Law in El Salvador affords a high degree of liberty to market agents. Article 8 explicitly authorizes
296:
289:
3012:
2902:
441:
index by 2009. This ambitious plan includes the expansion of the distribution network as well as the installation of
2977:
2882:
2857:
3543:
3522:
3481:
3466:
3429:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3373:
3358:
3318:
3308:
3248:
3198:
3193:
3122:
3007:
2992:
2987:
2917:
2897:
2877:
2507:
2478:
2365:
2360:
349:
project, which will integrate the electricity network of the country with the rest of the Central American region.
2932:
2862:
3548:
3368:
3348:
3333:
3228:
3208:
3203:
3145:
3135:
2982:
2645:
2599:
1901:
378:
Gross electricity generation in 2006 was 5,195 GWh, of which 40% came from traditional thermal sources, 38% from
300:
2127:
3175:
2670:
2660:
2614:
2538:
2493:
2405:
2347:
2086:
1096:
1092:
1602:(IDB) is currently providing technical assistance to El Salvador in several electricity-related initiatives:
3581:
2690:
2640:
2466:
1569:
projects in the electricity sector in El Salvador, with overall estimated emission reductions of 385,553 tCO
1154:
In 1995, after almost a decade of preliminary studies, the Central American governments, the government of
2772:
2705:
2609:
2564:
2552:
2329:
1661:
1489:(Empresa Transmisora de El Salvador), while distribution is controlled by five privately owned companies.
1119:
1088:
3424:
2733:
2594:
1865:
Benchmarking data of the electricity distribution sector in Latin America and Caribbean Region 1995-2005
438:
2202:
2118:
1876:
940:
In El Salvador, there are five distribution companies. The market share for each of them in 2006 was:
2788:
2748:
2738:
2650:
2579:
2395:
1104:
2020:
2728:
2584:
1989:
1129:
3577:
2793:
2723:
1639:
1167:
403:
1864:
1004:
plants account only for 36% of the electricity produced in El Salvador. The public company CEL (
478:
average of 16.2%. On the other hand, transmission losses were as low as 1.7% for the same year.
2264:
1582:
1578:
1574:
320:
1961:
1933:
3293:
3083:
1001:
989:
538:
383:
379:
371:
363:
328:
80:
2122:
2090:
1703:
1694:
475:
367:
324:
2049:
Diputados reciben la esperada ley de gas natural. La Prensa Gráfica 16 de Noviembre 2007
1083:
Until the mid-1990s, the power sector in Salvador operated through the government owned
1023:
Upgrading of the two units in the 15 de Septiembre plant with 24 MW of new capacity
319:
energy sector is largerly focused on renewables. El Salvador is the largest producer of
90:
2804:
3596:
1653:
1201:
459:
69:
442:
32:
2101:
2040:
En espera de discusión ley de gas natural. El Diario de Hoy 15 de Noviembre 2007
1037:
out, 488 MW of additional capacity would be added to the generation system.
2337:
2317:
1013:
932:), is responsible for the maintenance and expansion of the transmission system.
541:
capacity. The number and type of plants operated by each company is as follows:
314:
22:
2150:
370:. Total installed capacity in 2006 was 1,312 MW, of which 52% was thermal, 36%
1629:
338:
1647:
994:
1553:
emissions from electricity production in 2003 were 1.57 million tons of CO
1070:
Berlín (50 MW), San Vicente (54 MW) and Chinameca (54 MW).
61:
1175:
electricity transactions in the region. As for the infrastructure, EPR (
331:, which is almost totally owned and operated by the public company CEL (
2286:
491:
The regulatory entities for the electricity sector in El Salvador are:
387:
1905:
1557:, which corresponds to 25% of total emissions from the energy sector.
2128:
General Superintendence of Electricity and Telecommunications (SIGET)
1360:
1245:
1163:
420:
346:
2083:
1726:
El Salvador - Recent Economic Developments in Infrastructure (REDI)
1231:
US$ 0.0671 per kWh for monthly consumption between 50kWh and 99kWh
1155:
1118:
988:
1228:
US$ 0.0640 per kWh for monthly consumption between 1kWh and 50kWh
928:), which was constituted in 1999 after the restructuring of CEL (
3087:
2808:
2290:
2212:
2281:
1012:(135 MW), and 15 de Septiembre (156.3 MW), all of them on the
108:
2207:
508:
General Superintendence of Electricity and Telecommunications
2234:
2061:
195:
39:
20:
2259:
2254:
2222:
2115:
1880:
1696:
Istmo Centroamericano: Estadísticas del Subsector Eléctrico
1607:
Support for the Implementation of the Country Energy Policy
1123:
An electrical substation north of San Salvador, near Nejapa
1045:
El Salvador's wind potential is currently being studied by
2269:
2249:
2145:
1480:
Summary of private participation in the electricity sector
445:
solar panels in areas that are isolated from the network.
2217:
2137:
1145:
466:, which are 13 interruptions and 14 hours respectively.
1546:
1565:
Currently (November 2007), there are three registered
1057:
A solar map of the country is also under development.
1049:(CEL) and the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI).
924:
In El Salvador, one government-owned company, Etesal (
268:
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARNA)
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1549:(Latin American Energy Association) estimated that CO
1019:
In this sector, the projects currently underway are:
2146:
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARN)
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1619:
Studies on Dam Safety for Hydroelectric Power Plants
236:
11 (generation), 1 (transmission), 5 (distribution)
3531:
3495:
3459:
3382:
3274:
3267:
3174:
3121:
2966:
2840:
2704:
2627:
2551:
2465:
2404:
2328:
1182:(For a map of the regional transmission line, see
406:was 881 MW, 6.3% higher than the figure for 2005.
1109:Empresa Transmisora de El Salvador, S.A. de C.V.
1026:New hydroelectric plant, the 66 MW El Chaparral
930:Comisión Ejecutiva Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa
292:transactions related to the electricity sector
1860:
1858:
1856:
3099:
2820:
2302:
93:emissions from electricity generation (2003)
8:
2057:
2055:
993:15 de Septiembre Hydroelectric dam over the
362:El Salvador is the country with the highest
156:Average residential tariff (US$ /kWh, 2006)
1613:Power Sector Generation Indicative Planning
180:Average commercial tariff (US$ /kWh, 2006)
168:Average industrial tariff (US$ /kWh, 2006)
3271:
3106:
3092:
3084:
2827:
2813:
2805:
2633:
2557:
2471:
2410:
2309:
2295:
2287:
1667:Water supply and sanitation in El Salvador
482:Responsibilities in the electricity sector
48:83.4% (total), 72% (rural), 97% (urban); (
3115:Renewable energy by country and territory
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1166:project. This project, together with the
1029:New hydroelectric plant, the 261 MW
1491:
1373:
1250:
1150:Regional integration, the SIEPAC project
543:
225:Competitive supply to residential users
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1736:
1719:Boletín de Estadísticas Eléctricas 2006
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
216:
208:
200:
187:
179:
167:
155:
147:
139:
131:
123:
115:
103:
89:
78:
67:
56:
44:
2396:Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)
2011:
2009:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
17:
2139:Comisión Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa
1573:e per year. One of the projects is a
1085:Comisión Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa
1047:Comisión Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa
1006:Comisión Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa
968:) are controlled by AES Corporation.
535:Comisión Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa
334:Comisión Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa
132:Residential consumption (% of total)
85:60% (hydroelectric & geothermal)
7:
2835:Electricity sector in North America
470:Distribution and transmission losses
257:Responsibility for renewable energy
148:Commercial consumption (% of total)
140:Industrial consumption (% of total)
2381:Greater Republic of Central America
2376:Federal Republic of Central America
2166:Central America transmission system
2017:"Energy Information Administration"
514:In 2006, the President created the
454:Interruption frequency and duration
265:Responsibility for the environment
209:Share of private sector generation
2236:Empresa Transmisora de El Salvador
1534:Responsibility for the environment
1177:Empresa Propietaria de la Red S.A.
1031:Cimarron Hydroelectric Power Plant
966:Distribuidora Eléctrica de Oriente
926:Empresa Transmisora de El Salvador
249:Responsibility for policy setting
217:Competitive supply to large users
14:
3608:Electric power in Central America
1927:"Superintendencia de Competencia"
1074:History of the electricity sector
188:Annual investment in electricity
3576:
3567:
3566:
3131:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2948:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1646:
1632:
402:Maximum demand in the wholesale
31:
2161:Generation and transmission map
1708:Gobierno de El Salvador, 2007.
1672:Geothermal power in El Salvador
1600:Inter-American Development Bank
1594:Inter-American Development Bank
1529:Electricity and the environment
1162:agreed to the execution of the
1160:Inter-American Development Bank
241:National electricity regulator
104:Average electricity use (2006)
2156:Map of the electricity network
501:Dirección de Energía Eléctrica
1:
3603:Electric power in El Salvador
2218:Cutuco Energy Central America
497:Electrical Energy Directorate
353:Electricity supply and demand
3073:United States Virgin Islands
1794:Gobierno de El Salvador 2007
1579:bagasse cogeneration project
1474:Millennium Challenge Account
962:Empresa Eléctrica de Oriente
307:annual emissions reductions
233:Number of service providers
52:total average in 2007: 92%)
2696:Water supply and sanitation
2276:Commercialization Companies
2191:IDB projects in El Salvador
2176:Hydroelectric potential map
2116:Ministry of Economy (MINEC)
1983:"Ministry of Economy-SIFER"
1677:Renewable energy by country
1561:CDM projects in electricity
124:Transmission losses (2006)
116:Distribution losses (2006)
45:Electricity coverage(2006)
3624:
2585:pre-dollarization currency
2366:1811 Independence Movement
1506:65% of installed capacity
1498:Private participation (%)
972:Renewable energy resources
294:
283:
275:
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
211:
203:
190:
182:
170:
158:
150:
142:
134:
126:
118:
106:
95:
84:
73:
59:
47:
3562:
3048:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2766:
2636:
2560:
2474:
2413:
1115:21st century developments
537:), which owns 97% of the
57:Installed capacity(2006)
30:
3068:Turks and Caicos Islands
2479:Administrative divisions
2151:Climate change documents
1583:geothermal plant project
1542:Greenhouse gas emissions
1240:Investment and financing
556:Installed capacity (MW)
329:hydroelectric generation
175:average in 2005: 0.107)
163:average in 2005: 0.115)
2186:Average solar radiation
1386:Distribution companies
516:National Energy Council
273:Electricity Sector Law
2998:British Virgin Islands
2514:International rankings
2244:Distribution companies
2133:Transactions Unit (UT)
1662:Economy of El Salvador
1318:Rural electrification
1124:
1089:electricity generation
997:
2938:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2386:Military dictatorship
2338:Pre-Columbian history
2181:Generation plants map
1877:"Ministry of Economy"
1367:Rural electrification
1190:Tariffs and subsidies
1122:
992:
487:Policy and regulation
439:rural electrification
433:the 94.6 average for
428:Access to electricity
419:commissioning of the
281:Renewable Energy Law
2524:Legislative Assembly
2229:Transmission company
2223:Nejapa Power Company
2197:Generation companies
1581:and the third one a
1575:landfill gas project
1105:vertical integration
410:Demand versus supply
260:Ministry of Economy
252:Ministry of Economy
25:: Electricity sector
2953:Trinidad and Tobago
2848:Antigua and Barbuda
1958:"La Prensa Gráfica"
1711:Política Energética
1589:External assistance
1130:market manipulation
960:CAESS, CLESA, EEO (
299:project; 385,533 t
2888:Dominican Republic
2605:Telecommunications
2353:Captaincy General
2171:Wind potential map
2121:2005-09-08 at the
2089:2007-09-28 at the
1724:World Bank, 2006.
1702:2011-07-20 at the
1688:World Bank, 2002.
1640:El Salvador portal
1469:secure financing.
1465:: World Bank 2006
1355:: World Bank 2006
1168:Plan Puebla Panama
1125:
998:
743:Private companies
613:Private companies
404:electricity market
384:geothermal sources
358:Installed capacity
201:Sector unbundling
3590:
3589:
3455:
3454:
3081:
3080:
2970:other territories
2802:
2801:
2762:
2761:
2666:Gender inequality
2623:
2622:
2575:Coffee production
2547:
2546:
2534:Political parties
2499:Foreign relations
2461:
2460:
1526:
1525:
1460:
1459:
1394:Isolated systems
1350:
1349:
911:
910:
574:Public companies
561:WHOLESALE MARKET
523:Transactions Unit
460:weighted averages
364:geothermal energy
321:geothermal energy
311:
310:
3615:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3513:French Polynesia
3272:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3085:
3038:Saint Barthélemy
2968:Dependencies and
2841:Sovereign states
2829:
2822:
2815:
2806:
2782:
2775:
2634:
2565:Bitcoin adoption
2558:
2472:
2411:
2356:
2343:Spanish conquest
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2059:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2019:. Archived from
2013:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1988:. Archived from
1987:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1960:. Archived from
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1932:. Archived from
1931:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1904:. Archived from
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1879:. Archived from
1873:
1867:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1815:
1812:
1795:
1792:
1759:
1756:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1577:, another one a
1492:
1374:
1266:Public/ Private
1251:
1202:weighted average
985:Hydroelectricity
544:
476:Central American
380:hydroelectricity
81:renewable energy
35:
18:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3558:
3527:
3491:
3451:
3378:
3263:
3170:
3117:
3112:
3082:
3077:
2971:
2969:
2962:
2836:
2833:
2803:
2798:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2758:
2744:Public holidays
2700:
2686:Sex trafficking
2619:
2543:
2519:Law enforcement
2457:
2453:Water resources
2400:
2354:
2324:
2315:
2278:
2246:
2231:
2199:
2123:Wayback Machine
2112:
2107:
2100:
2096:
2091:Wayback Machine
2082:
2078:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1854:
1850:World Bank 2006
1849:
1818:
1813:
1798:
1793:
1762:
1757:
1738:
1734:
1704:Wayback Machine
1685:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1596:
1591:
1572:
1563:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1482:
1383:Municipalities
1377:($ US million)
1369:
1254:($ US million)
1242:
1222:
1197:
1192:
1152:
1117:
1081:
1076:
1063:
1055:
1043:
987:
974:
938:
922:
531:
489:
484:
472:
456:
451:
449:Service quality
430:
412:
396:
368:Central America
360:
355:
325:Central America
304:
99:
26:
12:
11:
5:
3621:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3595:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3440:United Kingdom
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3289:Czech Republic
3286:
3280:
3278:
3276:European Union
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:Sint Eustatius
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3003:Cayman Islands
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Regions by HDI
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2600:Stock exchange
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2438:National parks
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2111:
2110:External links
2108:
2106:
2105:
2094:
2076:
2065:
2062:SIEPAC project
2051:
2042:
2033:
2005:
1974:
1949:
1918:
1893:
1868:
1852:
1816:
1796:
1760:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1643:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1570:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1481:
1478:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1368:
1365:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1221:
1218:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1151:
1148:
1116:
1113:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1024:
986:
983:
973:
970:
964:) and Deusem (
958:
957:
954:
951:
950:AES-CLESA: 18%
948:
945:
937:
934:
921:
918:
909:
908:
905:
902:
900:
896:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
817:
814:
811:
809:
805:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
765:
762:
759:
757:
756:Hydroelectric
753:
752:
749:
746:
744:
740:
739:
736:
733:
731:
730:RETAIL MARKET
727:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
661:
658:
655:
653:
649:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
632:
629:
627:
623:
622:
619:
616:
614:
610:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
596:
593:
590:
588:
587:Hydroelectric
584:
583:
580:
577:
575:
571:
570:
567:
564:
562:
558:
557:
554:
553:No. of plants
551:
548:
530:
527:
512:
511:
504:
488:
485:
483:
480:
471:
468:
455:
452:
450:
447:
429:
426:
411:
408:
395:
392:
386:, and 2% from
366:production in
359:
356:
354:
351:
309:
308:
302:
293:
286:
285:
282:
278:
277:
274:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
97:
94:
87:
86:
83:
76:
75:
72:
65:
64:
58:
54:
53:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3620:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:South America
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3487:United States
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:North America
3458:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2965:
2959:
2958:United States
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2023:on 2007-12-15
2022:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
1995:on 2010-08-06
1991:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1964:on 2007-11-11
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1939:on 2007-07-20
1935:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1908:on 2007-11-14
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1883:on 2005-09-08
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1716:SIGET, 2007.
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:CEPAL, 2007.
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1654:Energy portal
1649:
1644:
1641:
1630:
1625:
1621:: US$ 200,000
1620:
1617:
1615:: US$ 145,000
1614:
1611:
1609:: US$ 149,000
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1558:
1548:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1519:Distribution
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:Transmission
1510:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:Distribution
1302:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:Transmission
1287:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:Early history
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1010:Cerrón Grande
1007:
1003:
1002:hydroelectric
996:
991:
984:
982:
978:
971:
969:
967:
963:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
941:
935:
933:
931:
927:
919:
917:
916:: CEPAL 2007
915:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
893:
890:
887:
885:
884:
880:
877:
874:
872:
871:
867:
864:
861:
859:
858:
854:
851:
848:
846:
845:
841:
838:
835:
833:
832:
828:
825:
822:
820:
819:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
802:
799:
796:
794:
793:
789:
786:
783:
781:
780:
776:
773:
770:
768:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
724:
721:
718:
716:
715:
711:
708:
705:
703:
702:
698:
695:
692:
690:
689:
685:
682:
679:
677:
676:
672:
669:
666:
664:
663:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
646:
643:
640:
638:
637:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
607:
604:
601:
599:
598:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
550:Company name
549:
546:
545:
542:
540:
539:hydroelectric
536:
528:
526:
524:
519:
517:
509:
505:
502:
498:
494:
493:
492:
486:
481:
479:
477:
469:
467:
465:
461:
453:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
427:
425:
422:
416:
409:
407:
405:
400:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
376:
373:
372:hydroelectric
369:
365:
357:
352:
350:
348:
342:
340:
336:
335:
330:
327:. Except for
326:
322:
318:
316:
306:
298:
295:3 registered
291:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
239:
231:
223:
215:
207:
199:
196:Institutions
194:
186:
178:
174:
166:
162:
154:
146:
138:
130:
122:
114:
110:
102:
92:
88:
82:
77:
71:
70:fossil energy
66:
63:
55:
51:
43:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
16:
3508:Cook Islands
3166:South Africa
3063:Sint Maarten
3043:Saint Martin
2892:
2719:Coat of arms
2676:Prostitution
2656:Demographics
2589:
2570:Central bank
2504:Human rights
2489:Court system
2484:Constitution
2391:World War II
2371:Mexican rule
2355:(Guatemalan)
2235:
2138:
2097:
2079:
2068:
2045:
2036:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:the original
1997:. Retrieved
1990:the original
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:the original
1952:
1941:. Retrieved
1934:the original
1921:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1896:
1885:. Retrieved
1881:the original
1871:
1718:
1710:
1695:
1597:
1564:
1545:
1537:
1487:
1483:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1428:Substations
1370:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1243:
1234:
1223:
1214:
1198:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1153:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1108:
1102:
1097:distribution
1093:transmission
1084:
1082:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1018:
1005:
999:
979:
975:
965:
961:
959:
939:
936:Distribution
929:
925:
923:
920:Transmission
913:
912:
862:Ing. Cabaña
534:
532:
522:
520:
515:
513:
507:
500:
496:
490:
473:
457:
443:photovoltaic
431:
417:
413:
401:
397:
377:
361:
343:
332:
313:
312:
244:Yes (SIGET)
15:
3518:New Zealand
3425:Switzerland
3354:Netherlands
3244:Philippines
3184:Afghanistan
3033:Puerto Rico
2943:Saint Lucia
2893:El Salvador
2508:LGBT rights
2428:Earthquakes
2318:El Salvador
2208:Duke Energy
1503:Generation
1380:Government
1271:Generation
1014:Lempa River
1000:Currently,
947:Delsur: 25%
875:Ing. Ángel
849:EGI Holdco
797:Sensunapán
706:Invers.Ene
626:Geothermal
382:, 20% from
315:El Salvador
284:Yes (2007)
276:Yes (1996)
111:per capita
60:1,312
23:El Salvador
3597:Categories
3472:Costa Rica
3344:Luxembourg
3219:Kazakhstan
3189:Bangladesh
3161:Seychelles
3028:Montserrat
3023:Martinique
3018:Guadeloupe
2873:Costa Rica
2754:Television
2734:Literature
2646:Corruption
2539:Presidents
2361:Intendancy
2027:2007-12-15
1999:2007-11-16
1968:2007-11-11
1943:2007-07-20
1912:2007-11-14
1887:2007-11-16
1814:SIGET 2007
1758:CEPAL 2007
1732:References
1411:New lines
1061:Geothermal
956:Deusem: 2%
944:CAESS: 44%
784:De Matheu
529:Generation
339:energy mix
3539:Argentina
3503:Australia
3339:Lithuania
3239:Palestine
3214:Indonesia
3013:Greenland
2928:Nicaragua
2903:Guatemala
2671:Languages
2661:Education
2615:Transport
2494:Elections
2448:Volcanism
2406:Geography
2348:New Spain
2282:Excelergy
2073:FOMILENIO
1495:Activity
1220:Subsidies
1132:emerged.
995:Rio Lempa
888:Textufil
823:Borealis
96:1.57 MtCO
79:Share of
68:Share of
3572:Category
3554:Colombia
3477:Honduras
3445:Scotland
3364:Portugal
3254:Thailand
3234:Pakistan
3224:Malaysia
3141:Ethiopia
2978:Anguilla
2913:Honduras
2883:Dominica
2858:Barbados
2789:Category
2691:Religion
2641:Abortion
2580:Currency
2529:Military
2467:Politics
2322:articles
2238:(Etesal)
2119:Archived
2087:Archived
1902:"Etesal"
1700:Archived
1626:See also
1263:Private
1158:and the
953:EEO: 10%
907:1,312.8
808:Thermal
652:Thermal
569:1,157.3
171:0.103; (
159:0.139; (
3496:Oceania
3435:Ukraine
3405:Iceland
3400:Belarus
3395:Armenia
3390:Albania
3329:Ireland
3324:Hungary
3314:Germany
3304:Finland
3299:Denmark
3284:Austria
3259:Vietnam
3156:Nigeria
3151:Morocco
3008:Curaçao
2993:Bonaire
2988:Bermuda
2918:Jamaica
2898:Grenada
2853:Bahamas
2773:Outline
2724:Cuisine
2706:Culture
2629:Society
2610:Tourism
2553:Economy
2433:Islands
2330:History
1683:Sources
1260:Public
1195:Tariffs
719:Nejapa
499:(DEE -
388:biomass
3582:Portal
3544:Brazil
3523:Tuvalu
3482:Mexico
3467:Canada
3430:Turkey
3420:Russia
3415:Norway
3410:Kosovo
3374:Sweden
3359:Poland
3319:Greece
3309:France
3294:Cyprus
3268:Europe
3249:Taiwan
3199:Brunei
3194:Bhutan
3123:Africa
2933:Panama
2923:Mexico
2868:Canada
2863:Belize
2794:Portal
2714:Anthem
2595:Mining
2590:Energy
2443:Rivers
2423:Cities
2320:
2260:Deusem
2255:Delsur
2102:UNFCCC
1463:Source
1444:TOTAL
1389:Total
1363:line.
1361:SIEPAC
1353:Source
1334:TOTAL
1257:Total
1246:SIEPAC
1184:SIEPAC
1164:SIEPAC
914:Source
899:TOTAL
836:CASSA
816:143.2
771:CECSA
751:155.5
738:155.5
680:CLESA
667:CESSA
660:545.8
647:151.2
641:LaGeo
634:151.2
608:460.3
595:460.3
582:460.3
421:SIEPAC
394:Demand
347:SIEPAC
119:12.4%
3549:Chile
3383:Other
3369:Spain
3349:Malta
3334:Italy
3229:Nepal
3209:India
3204:China
3146:Kenya
3136:Egypt
2983:Aruba
2908:Haiti
2780:Index
2749:Sport
2739:Music
2651:Crime
2418:Biota
2270:Clesa
2250:CAESS
2203:Gesal
2141:(CEL)
2084:OLADE
1993:(PDF)
1986:(PDF)
1937:(PDF)
1930:(PDF)
1547:OLADE
1522:100%
1453:18.1
1450:38.4
1447:44.6
1420:14.4
1417:28.8
1414:28.8
1156:Spain
1053:Solar
894:44.1
829:13.6
764:12.3
712:51.2
693:Duke
673:32.6
547:Type
127:1.7%
40:Data
3176:Asia
3053:Saba
2878:Cuba
2729:Flag
1598:The
1456:101
1436:1.3
1431:3.8
1403:2.4
1400:9.6
1346:206
1343:186
1340:138
1337:530
1321:101
1283:206
1274:298
1204:for
1095:and
1041:Wind
855:5.5
803:2.8
790:1.5
725:144
699:318
621:697
602:CEL
521:The
506:The
495:The
462:for
220:Yes
212:65%
204:Yes
191:n/a
183:n/a
151:n/a
143:n/a
135:33%
107:702
74:40%
2265:EEO
2213:AES
1567:CDM
1514:0%
1423:72
1406:24
1397:12
1327:18
1324:83
1311:84
1306:84
1294:47
1291:47
1280:84
1210:LAC
1206:LAC
904:22
881:30
868:21
842:29
566:13
464:LAC
435:LAC
323:in
297:CDM
290:CDM
228:No
173:LAC
161:LAC
109:kWh
91:GHG
50:LAC
3599::
2054:^
2008:^
1855:^
1819:^
1799:^
1763:^
1739:^
1585:.
1439:5
1277:8
1212:.
1186:)
1091:,
1016:.
891:1
878:1
865:1
852:1
839:1
826:1
813:6
800:1
787:1
777:8
774:1
761:3
748:9
735:9
722:1
709:1
696:3
686:0
683:1
670:1
657:7
644:2
631:2
618:9
605:4
592:4
579:4
390:.
341:.
317:'s
301:CO
62:MW
3107:e
3100:t
3093:v
2828:e
2821:t
2814:v
2510:)
2506:(
2310:e
2303:t
2296:v
2030:.
2002:.
1971:.
1946:.
1915:.
1890:.
1571:2
1555:2
1551:2
305:e
303:2
98:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
