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found a way to drastically increase the lifetime of the lining. It has been stated that, in some cases, the process allowing an increase from 10 to 2500 tons of copper produced without relining the converters. A reduction of the cost of copper converting from 15 to US$ 20 to 4–5 USD has been stated.
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The Peirce–Smith converter replaced quickly the Manhès-David
Converter: by March 1912, the Peirce–Smith Converting Co. claimed that "over 80% of the copper produced in is being converted either in P-S type converters or on basic lining, under license, in the old acid shells".
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It is still in use today, although the process has been significantly improved since then. In 2010, with 250 converters working in the world, the Peirce–Smith converters refine 90% of the copper matte.
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is from the family of his paternal grandmother, Marie
Severine Cappelen (died 1900) married to Peder Høegh Smith (died 1881). He grew up as the eldest son among nine children and attended the
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273:. He was made a member of the Royal Norwegian Scientific Society during 1926. He was also commander of the Chilean Al Merito-order and was awarded an honorary doctorate at
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process. Before this improvement, the converter was a long cylindrical vessel, lined with sand and clay. It was developed by two French engineers,
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In 1920 Cappelen Smith was honored with the gold medal of the Mining and
Metallurgical Society of America for distinguished service in the art of
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to prepare sludge for filtration. Cappelen Smith improved the leaching technology and applied it to the low grade copper ore deposits of the
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Larry M. Southwick. JOM: The Member
Journal of TMS. International Peirce–Smith Converting Centennial. October 2008 Volume 60, NO.10
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material containing iron, sulphur and copper, to become molten blister, an alloy containing 99% copper. But the
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mine starting in 1915. This mine is still today one of the world's largest copper resources.
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working from 1895 to 1896 for the
Chicago Copper Refining Company, from 1896 to 1900 for the
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Schlesinger, Marc E.; King, Matthew J.; Sole, Kathryn C.; Davenport, William G. I. (2011).
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By developing a basic refractory material adapted to the matte refining process (in
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William Peirce and E.A. Cappelen Smith and Their
Amazing Copper Converting Machine
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238:
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444:, Kenneth O. Bjork, Norwegian-American Historical Association, 1947, pp. 249-250
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silica refractory lining, thereby causing a very short lifetime of the lining.
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523:"The Guggenheims and the Coming of the Great Depression in Chile, 1923-1934"
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The
Guggenheim process is a method of chemical precipitation which employs
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The Peirce–Smith converter, introduced in 1908, improved significantly the
528:. Business and Economic History, Volume twenty-four, no. 1. Archived from
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181:. In this horizontal chemical reactor, where air was injected into
98:, taking his final exam in 1893. The same year he emigrated to the
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Levy, Donald M. (1912). C. Griffin & company, limited (ed.).
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20:
Elias Anton
Cappelen Smith. Photo: E. A. Smith anniversary book.
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from 1880 to 1884. Their copper-converting process, named the
74:. He was the son of Elias Anton Smith (1842–1912), founder of
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Longitudinal and cross sections of a Peirce–Smith converter.
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Development of a
Process Model for a Peirce–Smith Converter
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in the early 20th century. Among his achievements were the
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Saga in Steel and Concrete: Norwegian Engineers in America
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Cappelen Smith started working as an assistant chemist at
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491:(Fathi Habashi. Laval University, Quebec City, Canada)"
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in Chicago in 1893. Cappelen Smith was employed in the
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Elias Anton Cappelen Smith – utdypning (NBL-artikkel)
269:. In 1925, he was made a commander 1st Class in the
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and Ingeborg Anna Røvig (1846–1923). His middle name
193:slag produced during the blowing combined with the
557:(The Mining and Metallurgical Society of America)
571:. Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. Archived from
704:Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
96:Norwegian University of Science and Technology
8:
639:Peirce–Smith Converting Centennial Symposium
489:Copper Metallurgy: Past, Present, And Future
465:(5th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 127–143.
126:. It was while at this company that he and
607:Norwegian-American Historical Association
694:Norwegian emigrants to the United States
379:. Chicago, IL. June 28, 1949. p. 18
27:(6 November 1873 – 25 June 1949) was a
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521:Elisabeth Glaser-Schmidt (Fall 1995).
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245:. The Guggenheim process first the
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241:open pit copper mine in the north of
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699:Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal
311:. LuleĂĄ University of Technology.
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281:for the 900th anniversary of the
271:Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
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177:, was directly derived from the
462:Extractive Metallurgy of Copper
92:Trondhjems Tekniske Læreanstalt
275:Drexel Institute of Technology
120:Anaconda Copper Mining Company
1:
305:Andreas Lennartsson (2013).
204:bricks), Cappelen Smith and
664:American chemical engineers
358:(Norsk biografisk leksikon)
134:, which revolutionized the
62:Cappelen Smith was born at
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617:is posted in sections at:
615:Saga in Steel and Concrete
442:Saga in Steel and Concrete
340:Cappelen-slekten 1627-2008
84:Trondheim Cathedral School
25:Elias Anton Cappelen Smith
679:Scientists from Trondheim
622:Norway-L archives 2003-05
619:Norway-L archives 2003-04
684:Engineers from Trondheim
669:American civil engineers
237:mining interests in the
597:Bjork, Kenneth (1947),
141:Cappelen Smith died in
124:Perth Amboy, New Jersey
86:. He was educated as a
674:American metallurgists
412:Modern copper smelting
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149:Peirce–Smith converter
132:Peirce-Smith converter
116:metallurgical industry
48:Peirce–Smith converter
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156:
19:
287:Olavsjubileet 1930th
283:Battle of Stiklestad
175:Manhès-David process
136:Manhès-David process
555:MMSA Gold Medalists
415:. pp. 192–215.
373:"Elias A. C. Smith"
338:Haugen, Lambrecht:
569:"Steimeyerorgelet"
221:Guggenheim process
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112:Armour and Company
52:Guggenheim process
29:Norwegian American
22:
575:on March 31, 2016
535:on March 30, 2016
472:978-0-08-096789-9
318:978-91-7439-764-2
279:Nidaros Cathedral
235:Guggenheim family
206:William H. Peirce
163:copper converting
128:William H. Peirce
44:copper production
32:chemical engineer
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249:of poor quality
179:Bessemer process
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42:. He pioneered
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591:Primary Source
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100:United States
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76:E.A. Smith AS
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68:Sør-Trøndelag
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387:– via
383:February 23,
381:. Retrieved
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322:. Retrieved
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255:Chuquicamata
247:exploitation
239:Chuquicamata
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183:copper matte
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40:metallurgist
24:
23:
659:1949 deaths
654:1873 births
185:, a molten
648:Categories
507:2010-02-19
293:References
251:copper ore
171:Paul David
94:, now the
58:Background
579:March 15,
539:March 15,
324:March 15,
145:in 1949.
64:Trondheim
457:Elsevier
231:aeration
202:magnesia
143:New York
80:Cappelen
50:and the
459:(ed.).
253:in the
187:sulfide
88:chemist
469:
315:
261:Honors
106:Career
72:Norway
533:(PDF)
526:(PDF)
501:(PDF)
494:(PDF)
243:Chile
191:basic
581:2016
541:2016
467:ISBN
385:2022
326:2016
313:ISBN
229:and
195:acid
169:and
38:and
90:at
66:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
