140:) was an American chemist and biologist by education and engineer by practice who invented several technologies in the emerging printed circuit board industry in the 1950s that allowed efficient printing of circuit elements on plastic substrate and continued making significant engineering innovations in circuit miniaturization into the 1970s. She also conducted critical research on the performance of electrical equipment in aircraft under extreme conditions that enhanced aircraft performance in World War II.
201:
lubricants in high-speed bearings. Her work allowed aircraft motors and generators to operate safely at higher altitudes. In the
Ordnance Division she performed engineering research on proximity fuses and guided missiles. She also designed, placed into operation, and tested equipment for the industrial production of printed circuits for military applications.
247:
From 1962–1970, she was a senior engineer for
Autonetics, a division of Rockwell International Corporation in Anaheim, California, where she was responsible for advanced technology for the fabrication of multilayer circuit boards for the Minuteman program. This included developing and testing a
200:
in
Washington, D.C. During World War II at the Naval Research Laboratory and later in the Heat and Power Division, she worked on engineering problems such as temperature range in aircraft electrical equipment, high altitude carbon brush performance in aircraft motors and generators and the action of
256:
She started Harmon
Technical Consultants in 1970 and provided her expertise to numerous national and international corporations in the areas of printed circuits and multilayer board production problems. Her clients included commercial printed circuit board producers such as Magnavox, aerospace
328:
Harmon has been listed in the
Marquis Who's Who of American Women, American Women in Technology encyclopedia, Gale Group Notable Scientists, Gale Research Notable Twentieth Century Scientists, Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science, International Handbook of Aerospace Awards and Trophies, the
243:
From 1957 to 1962, Harmon worked for the
American Bosch Arma Corporation in Garden City, New York. As senior engineer, she developed microminiaturization research and development programs related to advanced computers. She liaised with the Manufacturing Department on Arma’s Inertial
178:
In June 1930, while a student, she was elected president of the W.N. Masters
Chemical Society, a student organization she joined as a freshman in 1927, sponsored by Wallace Newton Masters (1864–1943), founder of the chemistry department in 1910.
167:) in Denton TX, a Master of Science in biology from the University of Texas in 1938, and took advanced coursework at several institutions. Harmon did post-graduate work at several institutions. Subjects she pursued included engineering at
500:, next to her mother, Geoffie Harmon (1887–1931), in Grave 2, and brother, Hamlett Stephen Harmon (1913–1997), in Grave 3. The three grave sites were purchased in 1931 by her father, George Herbert Harmon (1881–1957).
100:
creating processes for manufacturing some of the first printed circuits on plastic substrates; research of materials in extreme environments that improved performance of electrical components of WW II aircraft;
340:
212:. In the 1970's, as head of Aerovox Corporations's printed circuit activities, she directed the research, development and pilot plan procedures for an entirely new method of
1453:
197:
1448:
424:"Sliding Contacts at High Altitudes, Experimental System for Carbon Brush Investigations," PB129176 (U.S. Publications Board Number), by E.F. Harmon, E-3176 (
1443:
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400:
1463:
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and printed circuit components. One of Harmon's major contributions to the field was the development of a hot die stamp method to create
149:
900:
407:
640:
601:
466:
1953 US 2656570 A: "Plastic Matrix for
Printing Resistors" (hot die stamp method of infusing silver conductors on polymerized materials)
1433:
1032:
1059:
430:
1024:
485:
137:
1252:
1245:
1241:
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90:
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Presented at the
Multilayer Seminar, sponsored by Milton S. Kiver Publications, Inc. (Milton Sol Kiver; 1918–2005), and
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168:
868:
536:
310:
244:
Guidance System for the Atlas ICBM and focused on microminiaturization in extraterrestrial vehicles and telemetry.
209:
994:
540:
338:"Interconnection of Integrated Circuit Flat Packs in Autonetics Improved Minuteman Program," by Elise F. Harmon,
286:
270:
164:
86:
475:
Improved high altitude carbon brush performance, enabling
American airplanes to maintain superiority during WWII
773:
489:
64:
1207:
The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century
794:
371:
329:
Women's Book of World Records and Achievements, Chronology of Women's History, Women Scientists in America.
46:
1210:
544:
172:
747:
583:
1248:
943:
814:
552:
225:
213:
469:
1953 US 2844172 A: "Silk Screen Stretcher" (mechanism for stretching fabric to obtain uniform tautness)
196:'s Aircraft and Electrical Division, then in the Heat and Power and Ordnance Divisions at the National
989:
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Harmon had a brother and a sister. Her brother Ham Harmon, played professional football with the
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companies Raytheon and Honeywell, and international clients such as Nippon Aviatronics.
240:
Harmon also researched the action of grease and lubricants in high speed ball bearings.
269:
from about 1934 to 1937. She later taught those subjects at Texas Junior College, the
1055:
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1187:
636:
597:
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Achievement Award for her specialty in printed circuits. Harmon was awarded the 1968
221:
76:
890:
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674:
404:
1018:
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President's Award, honoring those who made the most significant contributions to
748:"Commencement Program for North Texas State Teachers College, August 25, 1931,"
533:
1164:
651:
612:
375:
846:
768:
Mothers and Daughters of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of Technology
108:
1956 Society of Women Engineers Achievement Award; 1968 IPC President's Award
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Linda M. Zierdt; born 1958), Alan Winkler, and Leonard Bernstein (eds.),
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171:, and polymer chemistry, mathematics, and mechanical engineering at the
854:
830:
615:, filed November 15, 1951, serial no. 256,584, granted October 27, 1953
248:
specific micro-miniature circuit fabrication and packaging technology.
935:
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926:
917:
654:, filed November 13, 1953, serial no. 392,066, granted July 22, 1958
549:
512:
in 1937 for one season. Her sister Ann Ferrari, participated in the
431:
Bibliography of Unclassified NRL Formal Reports Numbers 1000 to 5700
1320:
by Caroline L. Herzenberg (born 1932), Locust Hill Press (1986);
1020:
Women Scientists in America: Before Affirmative Action, 1940–1972
123:
printed circuit manufacturing, materials research and engineering
493:
1386:
1318:
Women Scientists in America: From Antiquity to the Present,
555:, Special Collections, Box 77, Folder 64, Dates: 1953–2003
163:
in chemistry in 1931 from North Texas State College (now
1238:
International Handbook of Aerospace Awards and Trophies,
492:. She is buried in Section P, Block 35, Grave 1 of the
428:
Formal Report Number), September 1947 (date of report).
1056:
From Vacuum Tubes to Nanotubes: An Amazing Half Century
918:"HIGH TEMPERATURE STRAIN GAGE RESEARCH. Summary Report"
1357:
Golden Hurricane Football: At the University of Tulsa
321:
programs during the term of office of each departing
265:
Harmon taught chemistry, physics, and biology at the
569:
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office:
399:"Method of Making a Photosensitive Solder Maskant,"
362:"Fabrication of Multilayer Boards at Autonetics for
232:
Philip Jacquins Franklin; 1909–1979) were awarded a
1272:
The Women's Book of World Records and Achievements,
119:
104:
96:
82:
71:
53:
28:
21:
1340:"Tall Texas Girl Makes Mark in Engineer School,"
1244:, Aerospace Division; edited by the staff of the
972:"Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics"
633:
594:
344:(journal), Vol. 11, No. 2 (1964), pps. 135–144;
976:Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics
895:. Internet Archive. Rutgers University Press.
762:
760:
758:
756:
472:Injection printing machine for film resistors
8:
1240:compiled by Signe Ruh Ottersen (1906–2002),
236:in 1953 for this technological breakthrough.
1161:Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present
220:in which silver conductors were infused on
815:"Down the Corridor: Chemistry Centennial,"
592:Elise F. Harmon & Philip J. Franklin,
18:
925:
401:United States Department of the Air Force
192:From 1942–51, Harmon worked first in the
970:University of California, Los Angeles.
666:
607:"Plastic matrix for printing resistors"
575:
543:, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs,
539:Records (LR001539), Box 189, Folder 4,
194:United States Naval Research Laboratory
1454:20th-century American women scientists
1382:Obituary: "Georgianna Harmon Ferrari,"
952:
941:
1128:(encyclopedia), Linda Zierdt-Warshaw
792:"Chemistry Society Elects Officers,"
728:Vol. 27: September 2001 – August 2002
716:Vol. 20: September 1994 – August 1995
462:She held numerous patents including:
7:
1449:University of Texas at Austin alumni
1186:2nd ed. (Harmon is in vol. 2 of 4),
1184:Notable Twentieth-Century Scientists
1163:2nd ed. (Harmon is in vol. 2 of 5),
1081:Marquis Who's Who of American Women,
408:Defense Technical Information Center
341:IEEE Transactions on Component Parts
136:(3 September 1909 – 6 March 1985 in
675:"California Death Index, 1940–1997"
390:Electronic Packaging and Production
892:Mothers and daughters of invention
14:
1274:Lois Decker O'Neill (1920–2004),
134:Elise (aka E'Lise) Frances Harmon
1444:University of North Texas alumni
1429:20th-century American physicists
588:Vol. 675, October 1953, pg. 922
289:— Harmon became a member in 1950
1464:20th-century American inventors
772:by Autumn Stanley (born 1933),
1459:20th-century American chemists
1439:People from Rusk County, Texas
1025:Johns Hopkins University Press
649:
644:
629:
610:
605:
590:
516:, and served as Instructor of
514:Salk Polio Vaccine field trail
486:Santa Clara County, California
484:Harmon died March 6, 1985, in
436:U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
267:Brownsville Junior High School
208:, headquartered at Plant 2 in
138:Santa Clara County, California
16:American physicist and chemist
1:
1295:Chronology of Women's History
1253:Smithsonian Institution Press
1246:National Air and Space Museum
1242:Special Libraries Association
990:The Diamond Jubilee Directory
916:Tatnall, F. G. (1955-01-25).
275:University of Texas at Austin
228:. She and Philip J. Franklin
91:University of Texas at Austin
1209:(Harmon is in vol. 1 of 2),
1126:American Women in Technology
309:Harmon was awarded the 1956
293:Institute of Radio Engineers
281:Memberships and affiliations
169:George Washington University
1097:Who's Who of American Women
1071:(publisher) (2007), pg. 176
876:Radio & Television News
1480:
1099:(Hemke is in vol. 1 of 3)
537:Society of Women Engineers
311:Society of Women Engineers
300:Society of Women Engineers
210:New Bedford, Massachusetts
204:In 1952, she moved to the
995:American Chemical Society
841:(3209): 1167–1168. 1956.
541:Walter P. Reuther Library
297:Texas Academy of Sciences
287:American Chemical Society
271:University of North Texas
165:University of North Texas
127:
112:
87:University of North Texas
1434:American women inventors
831:"Scientists in the News"
798:, June 20, 1930, pg. 3;
774:Rutgers University Press
550:"Autumn Stanley Papers,"
490:Redwood City, California
333:Selected published works
188:Research and Development
144:Early life and education
65:Redwood City, California
1397:Local Media Group, Inc.
889:Autumn Stanley (1995).
795:Denton Record-Chronicle
646:"Silk Screen Stretcher"
372:North American Aviation
366:," by Elise F. Harmon,
226:thermosetting materials
47:Mount Enterprise, Texas
1276:Anchor Press/Doubleday
1221:(2000), pps. 557–558;
1211:Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie
1067:Michael Martel (ed.),
951:Cite journal requires
869:"Expansion at Aerovox"
639:as represented by the
600:as represented by the
545:Wayne State University
488:, while a resident of
173:University of Maryland
148:Harmon graduated from
1015:Rossiter, Margaret W.
641:Secretary of the Army
602:Secretary of the Army
553:Iowa State University
438:, July 1962, pg. 52;
410:, December 21, 1973;
1401:Stockton, California
1297:, by Kirstin Olsen,
364:Minuteman II Program
150:Marshall High School
33:Elise Frances Harmon
1403:, February 28, 2014
1346:May 22, 1953, pg. 8
534:"Harmon, Elise F.,"
396:, March 22–25, 1965
368:Anaheim, California
206:Aerovox Corporation
198:Bureau of Standards
161:Bachelor of Science
1363:Arcadia Publishing
1215:Joy Dorothy Harvey
1113:5th ed., 1968–1969
1101:4th ed., 1966–1967
1062:2015-01-07 at the
631:E'lise F. Harmon,
394:New York, New York
1301:(1994), pg. 286;
1278:(1979), pg. 188;
1136:(2000), pg. 131;
1084:Marquis Who's Who
1023:. Baltimore, MD:
902:978-0-8135-2197-8
776:(1993), pg. 387;
635:Assignors to the
596:Assignors to the
528:Further resources
510:Chicago Cardinals
305:Awards and honors
214:printed circuitry
183:Career highlights
131:
130:
114:Scientific career
43:September 3, 1909
1471:
1404:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1373:
1365:(2004), pg. 21;
1361:by Chad Bonham,
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1041:
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1005:
997:(1951), pg. 51;
986:
980:
979:
967:
961:
960:
954:
949:
947:
939:
929:
913:
907:
906:
886:
880:
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878:. June 29, 1956.
873:
865:
859:
858:
827:
821:
812:
806:
790:
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764:
751:
745:
739:
696:
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687:
685:
671:
662:Inline citations
655:
650:
645:
634:
630:
622:
616:
611:
606:
595:
591:
580:
518:Physical Therapy
458:Selected patents
218:printed circuits
175:, College Park.
60:
42:
40:
19:
1479:
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1474:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1354:
1350:
1343:Odessa American
1339:
1335:
1316:
1312:
1299:Greenwood Press
1293:
1289:
1270:
1266:
1236:
1232:
1205:
1201:
1182:
1178:
1159:
1155:
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1120:
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1064:Wayback Machine
1053:
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1027:. p. 340.
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829:
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824:
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791:
787:
765:
754:
746:
742:
738:
703:H.W. Wilson Co.
699:Biography Index
697:
693:
683:
681:
673:
672:
668:
659:
658:
648:
647:
643:
632:
628:
623:
619:
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562:
530:
506:
482:
460:
335:
307:
283:
263:
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190:
185:
154:Marshall, Texas
146:
89:
83:Alma mater
75:IOOF Cemetery,
67:
62:
58:
49:
44:
38:
36:
35:
34:
24:
23:Elise F. Harmon
17:
12:
11:
5:
1477:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
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1426:
1421:
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1405:
1374:
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1287:
1264:
1230:
1199:
1176:
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1118:
1094:
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1006:
981:
962:
953:|journal=
908:
901:
881:
860:
822:
820:March 16, 2011
807:
785:
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306:
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279:
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222:thermoplastics
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145:
142:
129:
128:
125:
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110:
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98:
97:Known for
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93:
84:
80:
79:
73:
69:
68:
63:
61:(aged 75)
55:
51:
50:
45:
32:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1476:
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1197:
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1189:
1188:Gale Research
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1034:9780801857119
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985:
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771:
769:
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749:
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511:
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498:Denton, Texas
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159:She earned a
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143:
141:
139:
135:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
77:Denton, Texas
74:
72:Resting place
70:
66:
57:March 6, 1985
56:
52:
48:
31:
27:
20:
1384:
1377:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1336:
1317:
1313:
1294:
1290:
1271:
1267:
1237:
1233:
1206:
1202:
1183:
1179:
1160:
1156:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1080:
1076:
1054:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1019:
1009:
988:
984:
975:
965:
944:cite journal
911:
891:
884:
875:
863:
838:
834:
825:
818:North Texan,
817:
810:
793:
788:
766:
743:
727:
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