Tudor London - Knowledge (XXG)

1752: 2459: 253: 738: 681: 1507: 1164: 721: 709: 983: 697: 669: 1253: 45: 1867: 1448:, commonly known as Bedlam, which specialised in mental illness. Many of these hospitals also functioned as shelters for the homeless or the infirm. In 1505, Henry VII founded St. John the Baptist's Hospital on the site of the Savoy Palace. These were all dissolved in the Reformation, and mostly given over to the City to re-establish them as secular hospitals, except for St. Mary-without-Bishopsgate and St. Elsying Spital, which were permanently closed. The estate of the Savoy Hospital was given to St. Thomas'. 1785:. The rebels marched on London, and the Londoners sent out to defend the city instead defected to the side of the rebels. Mary went to the London Guildhall and gave a speech where she accused Wyatt of attempting to seize the Tower where wealthy Londoners kept their money, and rallied a force to prevent Wyatt's men from crossing London Bridge. The artillery of the Tower fired at London Bridge and St. Mary Overy, where the rebels were gathered, and so Wyatt took his force west to cross the river at 1425: 2016: 836: 1671:, a cart carrying the offender that was wheeled through the streets. In 1560, two men and three women were put on the tumbrel in London for fornication, and in 1563, a physician called Christopher Langton was carted down Cheapside for being caught "with two young wenches at once". In addition, mob justice took place throughout the period. For example, in 1561, a man was chased by an angry mob for stealing a child's necklace, and was beaten to death in 922: 1957:, meeting in the Palace of Westminster. It tried people who had breached the privy council's orders, duellists, conspirators, rioters, libellers, etc., and had the distinction of being the only body with the power to authorise the use of torture. Defendants called before the Star Chamber did not have the right to speak, or even to hear the evidence against them; some were merely summoned to hear the judgement passed on them. 5397: 2210: 347:. These laws had the unintended consequence that landlords within the medieval walls began subdividing their buildings as much as possible, and landowners outside the walls were encouraged not to build well, but to build quickly and surreptitiously. In 1605, just after the end of the period, it has been estimated that 75,000 people lived in the 130: 117: 1976:. Parliament itself also acted as a court for some treason cases. They tried cases in bursts called "sessions", which took place every three months. Thomas Platter wrote that "rarely does a law day take place in London in all the four sessions pass without some twenty to thirty persons, both men and women, being gibbeted". 1933:. Under Elizabeth I, Catholics were less likely to be burned for heresy, but more likely to be executed for treason. From 1584, anyone who became a Catholic priest after Elizabeth's accession was declared guilty of treason. Instead, those burned for heresy were more likely to be from radical Protestant sects such as 1147:

monastery was attached to Greenwich Palace in 1480. Many wealthy Londoners left bequests to these institutions in their wills, and so they came to own large amounts of land in London. By 1530, about a third of all land within the city walls was owned by the Church. London was also home to individuals

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Under Henry VIII, those executed for heresy were just as likely to be Protestant as Catholic. In 1540, six people were executed at Smithfield on the same day without trial or even charges read against them. Three were Protestants and were burned at the stake, and three were Catholic and were hanged.

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Individual physicians and surgeons may have received a medical degree from a university or had been granted a licence after taking an apprenticeship, however many were completely unlicensed. By the end of the period, there was a medical practitioner (a physician, surgeon or apothecary) for every 400

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When the Catholic Mary I came to the throne in 1554, many of the Protestant reforms were reversed, but monastery lands were not returned to the Church. While some Londoners were quick to restore saints' images and rood screens to their churches, others vehemently opposed the restoration of Catholic

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Disasters often necessitated rebuilding work: great fires are recorded in 1485, 1504, 1506, and 1538. In 1506, a great storm blew off tiles on houses and the weathervane on top of St. Paul's Cathedral. In 1544, 1552, 1560 and 1583, stores of gunpowder exploded in London, often killing several people

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at Greenwich when a bullet hit her helmsman. She gave him her scarf and told him to be glad, as he stopped a bullet meant for her. A man called Thomas Appletree confessed to the crime, saying that he had been showing off to some friends by firing randomly and hadn't meant to hit the royal barge. He

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orders, following similar ordinances in Venice and Paris. In London, houses with infected people were quarantined for 40 days, and those infected were ordered to carry a white stick when outside, so that others could avoid them. London lagged behind other European cities in health measures, leading

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based on Biblical stories. However, during the reign of Elizabeth I, these were banned for being too Catholic, and secular plays performed by travelling companies became popular instead. These companies began by performing at galleried coaching inns and upper-class houses before beginning to build

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in 1534 and her head put on a spike at London Bridge. In 1536, Anne herself was imprisoned in the Tower on suspicion of being unfaithful in her marriage. She was beheaded in the grounds of the Tower of London in 1536. Henry's fifth wife, Catherine Howard, was also beheaded for adultery in 1541.

832:. In that year, 20,372 were recorded dead in London across the whole year, 17,404 of whom died of the plague. Some years were much less dangerous: in 1582, only 6,930 deaths were recorded, of which 3,075 were from the plague, but in 1603 the total was 40,040, of which 32,257 died of the plague. 824:

Most Londoners married in their early or mid-twenties. Families who lived around Cheapside had four children on average, but in the poorer area of Clerkenwell, the average was only two and a half. It is estimated that half of all children did not reach the age of 15. The average height for male

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In this period, London Bridge was very different to today, lined on both sides with houses and shops up to four storeys tall. At the south end was a drawbridge which allowed tall ships to pass the bridge and acted as a defensive mechanism for the city. In 1579, the tower holding the drawbridge

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within London, particularly on the north bank between London Bridge and the Tower of London. Most of these small wharfs were dedicated to one particular kind of trade- for example, Beare Quay for the ships coming from Portugal, Gibson's Quay for lead and tin, and Somers Quay for merchants from

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Immigrants arrived in London not just from all over England and Wales, but from abroad as well. In 1563, the total of foreigners in London was estimated at 4,543, by 1568 it was 9,302 and by 1583 there was 5,141. Nearly 25% of foreigners lived in villages outside London, inside the city French

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is the main river in London, and its main trade route to Europe and the wider world. It was both wider and shallower than it is today, and in 1564 it froze over so completely that Elizabeth I and her courtiers held an archery practice on the ice. In this period, there was only one bridge-

1835:. After the first seven were disembowelled still alive, the crowd was so disgusted that the remainder were permitted to die by hanging before being disembowelled. Another person executed for treason, albeit on much scantier evidence, was the Portuguese-Jewish royal physician, 2355:

Under the laws such as the Archery Acts of 1542, 1566 and 1571, all boys over the age of 7 were required to be taught archery, and all men aged between 17 and 60 were required to keep a bow and four arrows at home. Archery butts existed around London, including at

1659:, or having an illegitimate child. For example, in 1561, a man was whipped through the streets in Westminster, the City, across London Bridge, and into Southwark, for forging documents; and in the same year, two men recently released from Bedlam Hospital and 1249:. It is estimated that the monastic lands Henry seized were worth three times the land he already owned. By 1551, the Venetian ambassador, Giacomo Soranzo, wrote of London that it was "disfigured by the ruins of a multitude of churches and monasteries". 2320:

wrote that "London is so full of unprofitable pipers and fiddlers that a man can no sooner enter a tavern than two or three cast of them hang at his heels to give him a dance ere he depart." Important composers who lived in London include

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The area within the medieval walls, known as the City of London, featured timber-framed houses, often with upper storeys jutting out over the pavement. Two such surviving London houses from this period include the King's House inside the

564:, the first such institution in Europe. Its officers were given the authority to roam alehouses, cock-fighting pits, gambling dens and skittle-alleys, seizing homeless, unemployed or disorderly people and detaining them in Bridewell. 1415:

During the latter half of the 16th century, there was an increase in poverty as the cost of living increased while wages were fixed by the government, this caused crowds of poor people seeking work in the city including beggars.

948:(small ferry-boats) to cross the river and go upstream or downstream was an important means of transportation within London, with an estimated 2,000 on the river. Due to its importance for trade, the Thames was lined with small 880:. Since they were mostly Catholic, they were not welcomed by the Protestant Elizabeth I, who in 1593 banned Irish migrants unless they were homeowners, domestic servants, lawyers, or university students. Although Jews had been 1037:, a group of officials, each representing a division of the City called a ward. Before 1550, there were 25 wards, with Southwark being added to make 26 in that year. Each year, the aldermen chose one of their number to act as 2450:

authorised men to search people's homes and prosecute those found in possession of "dice, cards, bowls, closhes , tennis balls". However, Henry VII and Henry VIII were both tennis-players, and a tennis court was available at

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in 1553. Many of these were the houses of bishops or abbots at the beginning of the period, but transferred into the hands of secular aristocrats in the 1530s and 1540s. The chancellor Thomas More had a mansion built in

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The Tudor period in London, particularly during the reign of Elizabeth I, is considered a golden age of English literature, especially poetry and plays. The writer Thomas More joined Lincoln's Inn in 1496, where he met

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During the Tudor period, London was rapidly rising in importance amongst Europe's commercial centers, and its many small industries were booming, especially weaving. Trade expanded beyond Western Europe to Russia, the

1686:, for the imprisonment of people who could not pay their creditors. It housed about fifty inmates, and was notorious for its poor conditions and disease. Inmates had to pay for food, and pay rent for a separate room. 1299:, John Day, twice was put in the pillory and his ears nailed to it for speaking ill of the new queen, and in 1554 a dead cat dressed in the robes of a Catholic priest was found hanging on the gallows in Cheapside. 2360:, for the purpose of practice. In 1583, 3,000 people took part in an archery competition in Smithfield, with the competitors including fake nobles such as the "Duke of Shoreditch" and "Marquis of Clerkenwell". 1347:

Markets were an important system of trade, with many taking place around the City. In 1565, Thomas Gresham founded a new mercantile exchange- a sort of early shopping centre- which was awarded the title the

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Due to the large number of schools, Londoners were more likely to be literate than people in the rest of the country. About 75% of adult men and 25% of adult women were literate by the end of the period.

302:. During this period, the population of the city grew enormously, from about 50,000 at the end of the 15th century to an estimated 200,000 by 1603, over 13 times that of the next-largest city in England, 1478:. During these epidemics, wealthy people would leave London for the season until it was safe to return, meaning that the disease disproportionately affected the poor. 1518 saw England's first nationwide 1858:

and other officers arrived, Essex imprisoned them and took his forced to the City. However, the Lord Mayor's forces drove him back to his house, where he was arrested, and later executed at the Tower.

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At the end of the 15th century, London's population has been estimated at around 50,000. By 1603, that number ballooned to an estimated 200,000, over 13 times that of the next-largest city in England,

501:, and acquired in 1529 by Henry, who set about turning it into a sprawling pleasure palace, with tennis courts, bowling alleys, a tiltyard, Great Kitchens and a Great Hall. It is where his third wife, 1748:, ruling on behalf of the child king Edward VI before he came of age. Seymour was captured and sent to the Tower of London before being exiled to Richmond Palace and executed on Tower Hill in 1552. 1545:

called the clergy "none other than sodomites and whoremongers all the pack". Later in the period, theatres and schools were thought to be particular hot-beds of buggery: in 1541, the headmaster of

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Prior to the Reformation, hospitals were run by monastic institutions. At the beginning of the period, London had five principal hospitals, totalling somewhere between 350 and 400 beds. They were

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foreshore of the Thames at low tide, with the bodies left on the gallows until the tide washed over them three times. Beheadings are generally reserved for the nobility, and often take place on

1412:, returning to London in 1581 and being knighted on the deck of his ship in Deptford. A special dock was built in Deptford to house the ship, where it was available to be viewed by tourists. 1698:

in London in this period. Also, there were several large rebellions against Tudor monarchs which either took place in London or ended with the rebels being imprisoned or executed in London.

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a travelogue of a fictional perfect country where all proeprty is held in common and war has been abolished. The period saw a notable increase in female writers and scholars, such as

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Other monastic houses were dissolved in a less bloody fashion, but their considerable lands and buildings were still given or sold off to aristocrats and politicians- for example,

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contests, where a chained bear or bull is set upon by a pack of mastiffs. Even Elizabeth I visited in 1599 to see the spectacle. Other baiting pits existed near Whitehall and in

2150: 1538: 821:. Between 1523 and 1527, a national tax was levied which yielded £16,675 from the inhabitants of London, more than the total amount yielded from the next 29 cities in England. 1402:" that permitted them to raid foreign vessels. In 1598, half of all English privateer vessels were from London. One famous privateer who rose to prominence in this period was 1751: 1655:, among other places. The stocks were similar, but held a person's legs rather than their hands and face. Public whippings took place for offences such as petty theft, 1018:, a pre-fabricated mansion built in the Netherlands. South of Nonsuch House was the Great Stone Gate, where the heads of traitors such as Thomas More were displayed. 891:, who performed at the courts of Henry VII and Henry VIII. Aside from Blanke, a few black people appear in written records, such as the "blakemor" who arrived with 2458: 1245:. Some monastic sites Henry seized for himself, such as the hospital that became St. James's Palace, and land belonging to Westminster Abbey which he turned into 2149:. Published works were subject to strict censorship by the Crown beginning in the 1530s. From 1557, all published works were required to be registered with the 2023:

In the reigns of Edward VI and Elizabeth I, many grammar schools were founded to replace educational establishments that had been run by monks and dissolved.

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in 1517, when a xenophobic riot broke out among London apprentices. Young London men stormed the houses and workshops of French and Flemish craftspeople. The

339:, repeated ordnances forbade the building of new houses on less than 4 acres (16,000 m) of ground in 1580, 1583, and 1593, applying to land as far as 281: 2085:

in his will, which offers free lectures on astronomy, divinity, geometry, law, medicine, music and rhetoric. After his widow died in 1596, their house in

1774:. Londoners refused to support Northumberland, who was imprisoned along with Jane and her husband, Guildford Dudley. All were later executed for treason. 1230: 451:

was severely damaged by fire in 1512, and ceased to be a home for the royal family, being instead used as offices or chambers for the monarch to summon

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and later executed. Mary suspected her sister Elizabeth of involvement, but Wyatt refused to implicate her, and Elizabeth was released from the Tower.

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died within four days. London would continue to suffer epidemics of the sweating sickness throughout the period. There were also repeated outbreaks of

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was passed, making sex acts such as sodomy and bestiality illegal for the first time in England. One of the first to be convicted under this law was

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Soranzo to write that there was "some little plague in England well nigh every year, for which they are not accustomed to make sanitary provisions".

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were placed in St. Paul's Cathedral where anyone could read them or read them aloud to others. Churches were also physically reformed, with jewels,

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At the beginning of the period, London contained 46 monasteries, nunneries, priories, abbeys, and friaries. London's monastic communities included

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On certain days of the weeks and at religious festivals, Londoners were forbidden from eating meat, with only fish allowed. In 1561, a butcher in

1234: 5071: 1732:. She predicted that Henry would die within six months of his marriage to Anne, and although her prophecy did not come true, she was executed at 1444:

in Southwark; St. Mary-without-Bishopsgate, which specialised in maternity care; St. Elsyng Spital, which specialised in the homeless blind; and

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movement demanded the translation of the Bible into English, a practice considered heretical at the time. Illicit English translations of the

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would attempt to take coins from a purse. Hanging on the wall next to the purse was a bell which would ring if the students performed poorly.

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developed as an aristocratic form of theatre during this period, with the first known performance taking place in Greenwich Palace in 1516.

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in 1510 for 153 boys to study for free. By 1525 it was so popular that applications had to be restricted to London boys only. In 1531, the

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as his successor rather than his Catholic half-sister Mary. After his death, Mary marched on London with an army to meet the forces of the

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There were also annual fairs held at various places in London, involving large markets and entertainments. One of the most well-known was

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in his youth had run among fields, flanked with hedgerows, but had become "a continual building of garden houses and small cottages" and

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Almost all Londoners would have been able to play an instrument or sing, and many pubs would have had live music. In 1587, the satirist

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instead, marching towards London from the west. Once again, the gates of London are held closed against him, and Wyatt is defeated at

1527: 1215: 542: 4955: 203: 5258: 4991: 4138: 3963: 3911: 2749: 1242: 1140: 1088: 860:. Protestants came to London fleeing persecution in Catholic countries such as Spain, France, and Holland. In 1550, the chapel at 1583: 452: 1506: 737: 5436: 5431: 1969: 1222: 680: 274: 3436: 3294: 2981: 1950: 1722: 1553:, was questioned in London and confessed to committing buggery with one of his students, Thomas Cheyne. He was imprisoned in 828:

Plague hit so badly in 1563 in London that the local authorities began to compile death statistics for the first time in the

1904:, and even the dean of St. Paul's Cathedral was threatened with prosecution for translating the Lord's Prayer into English. 1296: 884:

in the 13th century, there was a small community of 80-90 Portuguese Jews living in London during the reign of Elizabeth I.

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once a year, often to the Palace of Westminster, although Elizabeth I only summoned them ten times over her 45-year reign.

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to his sixth wife Catherine Parr, where she would continue to reside after his death in 1547. In the same year, he had the

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In 1602, one judge declared that there were 30,000 "idle persons and masterless men" (i.e., vagrants) living in London.

5291: 5137: 5116: 5081: 1709:, was captured and paraded through the streets of London before being imprisoned in the Tower and executed in 1499 on 1487: 1207: 982: 100: 1541:, who was beheaded at Tower Hill in 1540. At first, the Act was mostly used to convict monks; in 1546, the churchman 872:. This period also saw the first-known large-scale migration to London from Ireland. Irish migrants often settled in 839:

The Moroccan ambassador Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud, depicted by an unknown painter in the year of his visit to London

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and Elizabeth I. He brought a retinue of 17 other Muslim men with him, and had a portrait painted during his visit.

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At the beginning of the period, the printing press in London was in its infancy, with London's first press, run by

1498:. It had the authority to regulate practitioners and even imprison unlicensed practitioners for up to twenty days. 1163: 903: 794: 742: 592: 398:

had transformed from a rural area to a hive of industry, with tanneries, slaughterhouses, breweries and foundries.

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became one of the first recorded Londoners to be murdered with a handgun. No-one was ever convicted of the crime.

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and statues of saints being removed. Sometimes these were taken down by officials, but in other churches, such as

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The highest-status artists of the period were generally Europeans who have moved to London, such as the sculptor

2234:. In 1574, theatres were banned from within the city walls, so instead they were built in the outskirts, such as 1925: 1876: 1813: 1714: 1600:

The end of the period saw the development of a type of boisterous, semi-criminal working-class woman called the "

1364:. The Stocks market was held next to St. Mary Woolchurch Haw and in 1543, it had 25 fishmongers and 18 butchers. 1324:, mostly formed of Londoners, were formed with monopolies on trades to various parts of the world, including the 1272:, reformist mobs destroyed these objects. Under Edward VI, Protestant reforms were made such as the abolition of 1045:, which had over 200 members. The administration of the City was based in the Guildhall, where it still stands. 443:

The number of royal palaces in London expanded dramatically in this period, mostly due to building efforts under

218: 2206:, a servant in London who teaches herself to write, becomes the first English woman to publish a book of verse. 483:. He had it enlarged between 1519 and 1522. Shene Palace burned down in 1497 and was rebuilt under Henry VII as 5377: 5248: 5238: 5200: 5157: 2488: 2467: 2373: 2270:

to the west. The most famous playwright of the age is William Shakespeare, who wrote 25 of his plays including

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was sentenced to be hanged close to the scene of his crime, and was given a royal reprieve at the last moment.

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for their coronations, and as a place of imprisonment and execution, notably of high-ranking prisoners such as

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The monarch had much more direct power to pass bills and change laws than today. Most Tudor monarchs summoned

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led an armed militia into the city to disperse the rioters. 278 were arrested, with 15 later being executed.

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Religious persecution occurred under every monarch in this period. Between 1485 and 1553, 102 heretics were

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being finished in 1550, and the next new construction being after the end of the period in 1623 with the

5311: 5142: 1667:, and were both whipped through the streets. Another punishment designed for public humiliation was the 1640:. Tudor London saw the only two instances of an execution method not used at any other time in England- 1628:

Public corporal and capital punishment were both used widely in London. Hangings commonly took place at

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The Great Hall of London Charterhouse, a monastery which was dissolved under Henry VIII and acquired by

1068: 1027: 865: 624: 509:. Henry also acquired York Place from Wolsey, which he massively enlarged into Whitehall Palace, with a 448: 410: 387: 974: 720: 5306: 5286: 5195: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5046: 5026: 5011: 2452: 2330: 2174: 2123:. He later joined the court of Henry VIII and became one of his chief advisers. His writings include 2024: 2009: 1851: 1843: 1828: 1786: 1471: 1038: 633: 616: 530: 494: 295: 66: 835: 5342: 5253: 5243: 5212: 5190: 5111: 5041: 4996: 4950: 4945: 4882: 2285: 2267: 2199: 1989: 1321: 1269: 1226: 1195: 1175: 1100: 1092: 1084: 1072: 1064: 1054: 782: 696: 488: 480: 423: 364: 360: 198: 193: 96: 2015: 1984:

At the beginning of the period, the best London schools were run by monastic institutions such as

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monks refused to acknowledge Henry as head of the church, and four of them including their prior,

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as well as damaging buildings. In April 1580 there was some damage to chimneys and walls in the

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The reign of Elizabeth saw Catholics being executed for treason in large numbers. In 1581, the

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The very first year of the period coincided with a serious outbreak of a disease known as the "

335:. During this period, London grew outside the old City boundaries. In futile attempts to check 5362: 5296: 4975: 4970: 4851: 4134: 3959: 3601: 3562: 3403: 3346: 3290: 2977: 2844: 2745: 2559: 2529: 2480: 2393: 2381: 2263: 2194: 1973: 1824: 1672: 1467: 1288: 1246: 1179: 1034: 1008: 869: 778: 770: 766: 460: 156: 825:

Londoners was 5'7½" (172 cm) and the average height for female Londoners was 5'2¼" (158cm).

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was also rebuilt under Henry VII; and Henry VIII, Mary I, and Elizabeth I were born there.

306:. The city also expanded to take up more physical space, further exceeding the bounds of its 5347: 5056: 4892: 3393: 2377: 2276: 2203: 2164:

Almost all well-educated people wrote poetry, but notable poets who lived in London include

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was the childhood home of Henry VIII, where he was taught music and languages by his tutor,

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Map of London prior to 1561 by Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg in "Civitates Orbis Terrarum"

2976:. Revised by Bridget Cherry (3rd ed.). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. p. 50. 2553: 921: 5337: 5316: 5167: 5162: 2389: 2305: 2239: 2142: 2082: 2060: 2048: 1388: 1325: 1260:

In 1535, an officially sanctioned English Bible was published. In 1539, six copies of the

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Several Londoners opposed Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn, including the prophetess

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into a Dutch church, given special licence to operate outside of the conventions of the

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priest Thomas Campion was imprisoned in a tiny cell in the Tower of London called the

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The period sees London's first portrait of a named black person, the royal trumpeter

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calling it "a friendly kind of fight". In 1582, a man is killed playing football in

797:. The roof was repaired, but the 500 ft (150 m) spire was never replaced. 5357: 2483:, who was commissioned to create the effigies of Henry VII, Elizabeth of York, and 2463: 2424: 2420: 2334: 2326: 2293: 2222: 2146: 1954: 1683: 1590: 1546: 1523: 1313: 1283:

After 1550, the building of new churches in London stopped for over 70 years, with

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The title page of the Great Bible, the first officially-sanctioned Bible in English

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in London, and from 1586 printing presses were only allowed to operate in London,

17: 2446:", and these games were banned at various points throughout the period. In 1528, 1889:

around the country, many at Smithfield, the usual London location for burnings.

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when he came to London to marry Mary I, and an African needlemaker who worked on

505:, died; where his son, Edward VI, was born; and where he married his sixth wife, 5061: 5021: 2235: 2231: 2086: 1809: 1797: 1664: 1651:

was a common punishment for low-level offences, with a pillory being erected at

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of the Great Hall in Eltham Palace, where Henry VIII spent much of his childhood

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called it "the fairest, largest, richest and best inhabited city in the world".

307: 86: 44: 2434:

Thomas More attributed crime to "unlawful games" such as "dice, cards, tables,

2209: 1827:

for his part in a plot to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with her cousin,

1812:

before being hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, and another Jesuit priest,

1391:

pub in preparation for checking the measures of the goods on sale at the fair.

674:

St. James's Palace, built for Henry VIII on the site of a former leper hospital

378:

driving farmers off their land and into cities, and the lack of oversight from

3953: 2357: 2301: 2289: 2243: 2112: 2001: 1934: 1930: 1909: 1771: 1710: 1660: 1637: 1605: 1554: 1479: 1194:, in which they agreed to recognise the king's annulment. In the monastery of 1120: 849: 444: 414: 332: 70: 525:. It was where he died in 1547. In 1531, Henry seized the St. James monastic 4964: 4918: 4887: 4867: 2428: 2408: 2369: 2259: 2158: 2071: 1920: 1652: 1644:, a fate reserved for poisoners. Both executions took place at Smithfield. 1617: 1575: 1542: 1395: 1357: 998:

can be seen halfway along, and the heads of traitors on spikes on the right.

896: 845: 774: 588: 561: 557: 428: 383: 375: 344: 315: 212: 168: 74: 714:

Hampton Court Palace, built for Thomas Wolsey and enlarged under Henry VIII

447:. Several palaces that existed prior to the period were also enlarged. The 409:. It was published in 1572, but shows the city as it was around 1550. The 2840:

The Annals of London: A Year-by-Year Record of a Thousand Years of History

2226:

their own permanent theatres in London, the first known example being the

2221:

At the beginning of the period, theatre in London mostly took the form of

1831:. He and thirteen co-conspirators were executed near Holborn, possibly at 2401: 2141:, having been set up only nine years prior. In 1492 it was taken over by 2108: 1919:

In the reign of Mary I, 78 were burned in London alone. After her reign,

1916:

at the Tower of London and burned at the stake in Smithfield for heresy.

1893: 1656: 1153: 969: 965: 957:

along the riverside, and mandated that all imports should be declared at

653: 518: 510: 371: 340: 1252: 1241:, which was farmland belonging to Westminster Abbey, was granted to the 972:

to construct a national fleet. The first commission at Woolwich was the

902:

In 1600, an ambassador arrived in London from modern-day Morocco called

652:

in 1577. The London merchant Richard Awsiter had a manor house built in

5367: 2361: 2120: 1938: 1901: 1805: 1695: 1668: 1648: 1633: 1273: 1178:, in the 1530s Henry VIII passed a series of Acts which broke away the 873: 818: 789:

pub, then known as the Devil's Tavern, was supposedly built in 1520 on

649: 526: 391: 303: 2973:

The Buildings of England: London- The Cities of London and Westminster

1740:

In 1548, the Privy Council and the City of London attempted to depose

1320:

was formed, a company trading with the Low Countries. From the 1550s,

567:

Westminster Abbey owned a large estate in Hampstead where the mansion

294:

The Tudor period in London started with the beginning of the reign of

2443: 2435: 2396:

was a much more violent and lawless game than today, with the writer

2272: 2154: 1733: 1629: 1620:, dressed as a man, and fought with any man who dared challenge her. 1608:, lived in the Stuart period, there are early Tudor examples such as 1309: 1149: 991: 945: 757:

was built 1489–1492, and was frequented by the politician and lawyer

657: 82: 4820: 2081:

When Thomas Gresham died in 1579, he provided for the foundation of

1960:

Also at the Palace of Westminster there were four royal courts: the

1379:, who continued the annual fair. It was visited by the German tutor 1210:. The monastery was seized by the Crown, dissolved, and acquired by 129: 1455:

Outside the City, there were leper hospitals from at least 1500 at

475:. 48 known cases of torture took place here between 1540 and 1640. 435:, a thorough topographical and historical description of the City. 116: 2457: 2439: 2208: 2014: 1865: 1750: 1717:

marched on London in protest of high taxes. They were defeated at

1505: 1423: 1251: 1162: 981: 949: 920: 834: 736: 781:

and Elizabeth I, were also later buried inside. The gatehouse to

2365: 1874:

being burned at the stake in Smithfield in 1555, as depicted in

1579: 1233:

built Winchester House on the site of Holy Trinity Aldgate, and

514: 4824: 4670: 4668: 4666: 2411:

rings existed in Whitehall Palace, Jewin Street, Shoe Lane and

1694:

Several high-profile nobles and even royalty were executed for

1190:. In April 1534, every male Londoner was required to swear the 1470:" which generally killed its victims within a single day. Two 4569: 4567: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4199: 4197: 4195: 2415:, with large amounts of money being gambled every Sunday. In 2066:

Livery companies also founded their own schools, such as the

401:

The first maps of London were made in this period. One is by

4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 3935: 3933: 3241: 3239: 3112: 3110: 2677: 2675: 2027:

was founded in 1552, on the grounds of Greyfriars. In 1558,

4709: 4707: 4282: 4280: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4073: 4071: 3684: 3682: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3190: 3188: 3070: 3068: 3055: 3053: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 2995: 2993: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2883: 2881: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2528:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing. p. 9. 2019:

The Tudor hall of Queen Elizabeth's School, Chipping Barnet

1375:. After the priory was dissolved, the land was acquired by 801:

was built around 1570 and was frequented by Elizabeth I.

769:

between 1503 and 1510, and is buried inside with his wife,

636:

near Barking was constructed 1556–1578 for Clement Sysley.

459:

was used as a place from which Tudor monarchs processed to

3437:"Portrait of the Moroccan Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I" 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 1522:

A serious outbreak of violence in this period occurred on

1510:

The beginning of the Evil May Day riot, as illustrated in

785:

priory was completed in 1504, and still stands today. The

702:

Richmond Palace, where Henry VII and Elizabeth I both died

4434: 4432: 4131:

Queer City: Gay London from the Romans to the Present Day

3860: 3858: 3856: 3711: 3709: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3376: 3374: 3139: 3137: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2787: 2785: 2704: 2702: 1949:

As well as advising the monarch on affairs of state, the

4736: 4734: 4267: 4265: 4112: 4110: 3558:

Shakespeare's London: Everyday Life In London, 1580-1616

3268: 3266: 3097: 3095: 2910: 2908: 2843:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 74. 1371:, held in Smithfield on land belonging to the priory of 3538: 3536: 3534: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 1612:, a possibly-fictional woman depicted in the pamphlet 1041:

The legislative branch of the City leadership was the

864:

was converted into a French church, and the chapel at

3345:. Internet Archive. London, Macdonald. pp. 8–9. 1539:

Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford of Heytesbury

1432:, a 1529 German book on the English sweating sickness 560:

gave it to the City of London to be converted into a

1721:

in the Battle of Deptford Bridge, and their leader,

1490:

was founded in 1518 at the house of noted physician

27:

London in the reign of the Tudor monarchs of England

5325: 5272: 5221: 5178: 5125: 4984: 4911: 4858: 1820:in 1595 before being executed in the same fashion. 1604:". Although the most famous roaring girls, such as 1582:, and in 1563, two women were put in the stocks at 92: 62: 54: 32: 2333:, all of whom were employed by Elizabeth I at the 3561:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley. p. 23. 2555:The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England 2388:. In August, wrestling competitions were held at 1705:, who claimed to be the true heir to the throne, 1360:. Booksellers and stationers sold their goods in 314:by the end of the period. In 1598, the historian 2364:schools to teach young gentlemen the art of the 1398:. From 1562, vessels were increasingly given a " 964:Around 1513, royal dockyards are established at 1923:collected stories of Protestant martyrs in his 1762:In 1553, Edward VI named his Protestant cousin 374:of London developed during this period, due to 1614:The Life and Pranks of Long Meg of Westminster 1148:with their own vows of monasticism, such as a 745:, as it looked before its spire was destroyed. 4836: 1394:London merchants also obtained goods through 1218:, who was also executed for treason in 1572. 856:; whereas Dutch printers based themselves in 421:made maps of the City and Westminster in his 275: 8: 3402:. London: Oneworld Publications. p. 8. 2284:during the Tudor period, but others include 2031:was refounded. In 1560, Elizabeth refounded 1578:was fined £20 for killing three cows during 1406:, who circumnavigated the globe in his ship 1318:Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers of London 298:in 1485 and ended in 1603 with the death of 2558:. London: The Bodley Head. pp. 15–16. 2217:theatre, drawn by Johannes de Witt in 1596. 1900:were smuggled into London from Germany and 1557:before being later appointed headmaster of 1312:, and the Americas. This was the period of 944:- which was frequently congested, so using 4843: 4829: 4821: 4573: 4558: 4534: 4423: 4411: 4382: 4358: 4203: 4186: 3939: 3688: 3673: 3661: 3637: 3600:. London: Random House Books. p. 56. 3245: 3194: 3179: 3128: 3116: 3074: 3059: 3032: 2999: 2950: 2887: 2872: 2812: 2727: 2693: 2681: 2666: 2647: 2035:with 40 free places for boys known as the 1777:In 1554, a rebellion began in Kent led by 906:, seeking an alliance between the King of 282: 268: 141: 43: 3289:. London: Museum of London. p. 108. 953:Flanders. In 1559, a decree outlined the 4800: 4788: 4776: 4764: 4752: 4725: 4713: 4698: 4686: 4674: 4657: 4645: 4633: 4621: 4597: 4498: 4486: 4394: 4346: 4334: 4322: 4310: 4298: 4286: 4256: 4244: 4232: 4038: 3900:. London: B.T. Batsford. pp. 50–52. 3864: 3739: 3727: 3715: 3597:Greater London: The Story of the Suburbs 3525: 3513: 3501: 3489: 3477: 3460: 3422: 3380: 3321: 3309: 3167: 3143: 3011: 2933: 2899: 2824: 2791: 2776: 2764: 2708: 2590: 2578: 1842:The last major revolt of the period was 1589:In 1585, a thieves' school was found in 4215: 4153: 3799: 3763: 3751: 3649: 3086: 2635: 2623: 2602: 2511: 1850:gathered together a group of rebels at 1033:The City of London was governed by the 556:built outside the City walls; in 1553, 231: 155: 144: 4812: 4740: 4609: 4585: 4546: 4522: 4510: 4474: 4462: 4450: 4438: 4370: 4271: 4165: 4133:. New York: Abrams Press. p. 43. 4116: 4101: 4089: 4077: 4062: 4050: 4026: 4014: 4002: 3990: 3978: 3924: 3903: 3876: 3847: 3835: 3823: 3811: 3787: 3775: 3700: 3620: 3581: 3542: 3365: 3272: 3257: 3230: 3218: 3206: 3155: 3101: 3044: 2914: 2742:A Visitor's Companion To Tudor England 2368:existed across the city, including at 1937:. In 1575, two Dutch Anabaptists from 1385:Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors 1276:and the removal of saints' images and 29: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3334: 3332: 3330: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 1356:in 1571. London's main market was on 1188:Supreme Head of the Church in England 979:then the largest ship in the world. 730:, built from scratch under Henry VIII 571:was built some time before 1550. The 7: 5072:Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings 3952:Roche, Thomas William Edgar (1973). 2547: 2545: 2517: 2515: 2347:by a massed chorus of eight choirs. 603:was a series of mansions, including 3894:Addison, William Wilkinson (1953). 1781:in protest of Mary I's marriage to 1663:claimed to be the risen Christ and 1586:for refusing to abide by the rule. 587:, from 1510. In 1514, the manor of 537:built in 1538. In 1543, Henry gave 497:was built by Henry VIII's advisor, 1174:In order to annul his marriage to 929:built in 1514, as depicted in the 632:, in which he lived in the 1520s. 351:while 115,000 in the surrounding " 25: 3958:. New York: Praeger. p. 20. 2337:despite being Catholics. Tallis' 1953:also acted as a law court called 5396: 5395: 5287:Lord Mayor of the City of London 1908:In 1546, the staunch Protestant 1713:. In the same year, a group of 719: 707: 695: 679: 667: 545:built in his hunting grounds at 251: 128: 115: 2501:Timeline of 16th-century London 1756:The Execution of Lady Jane Grey 1512:Old and New London, Illustrated 5032:1908 Franco-British Exhibition 3399:Black Tudors: The Untold Story 2145:and moved from Westminster to 1796:In 1579, Elizabeth was on the 1725:, was beheaded on Tower Hill. 1237:acquired St. Giles' Hospital. 1107:. In the surrounding area was 583:rebuilt his main manor house, 513:and tennis court, and a royal 1: 3910:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 2525:Everyday Life in Tudor London 2213:A performance in progress at 1285:St. Giles-without-Cripplegate 413:, attributed to the surveyor 111: 5264:London Metropolitan Archives 2089:was used as a lecture hall. 1584:St. Katherine's by the Tower 1014:mechanism was replaced with 793:. In 1561, lightning struck 5422:History of London by period 5292:Wards of the City of London 5138:Metropolitan Board of Works 2744:. Ebury Press. p. 12. 2740:Lipscomb, Suzannah (2012). 2006:Nicholas Gibson Free School 1616:. Long Meg ran a tavern in 1488:Royal College of Physicians 1383:in 1598, who described the 1208:hanged, drawn and quartered 579:completed in 1501, and the 101:English Renaissance theatre 5453: 5282:City of London Corporation 5037:The Battle of Cable Street 4929:Norman and Medieval London 2970:Pevsner, Nikolaus (1973). 2487:in Westminster Abbey; and 2047:were both set up in 1561, 2045:St. Olave's Grammar School 1998:St Paul's Cathedral School 1966:Court of the Queen's Bench 1839:, who was hanged in 1594. 1823:1586 saw the execution of 1295:traditions. The parson of 1052: 1006: 904:Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud 648:had Hatton House built in 552:From 1515, Henry VIII had 517:for horses, carriages and 179:Norman and Medieval London 121:Norman and medieval London 5391: 5067:1966 FIFA World Cup final 5052:Abdication of Edward VIII 3897:English Fairs and Markets 2837:Richardson, John (2000). 2281:A Midsummer Night's Dream 2078:on Suffolk Lane in 1561. 1941:are burned at the stake. 1502:Crime and law enforcement 1373:St. Bartholomew-the-Great 1077:St. Bartholomew-the-Great 575:had the gatehouse to his 219:Modern London (from 1945) 124: 114: 106: 42: 37: 5249:Port of London Authority 5239:London Ambulance Service 5158:Greater London Authority 3555:Porter, Stephen (2011). 2522:Porter, Stephen (2016). 2468:Hans Holbein the Younger 2419:in Southwark there were 2189:The Shepheardes Calender 2076:Merchant Taylors' School 2057:Queen Elizabeth's School 1291:near St. James' Palace. 1186:in Rome, making him the 1123:, St. John Clerkenwell, 807:Dover Straits earthquake 607:, Hungerford House, the 573:Archbishop of Canterbury 417:, was made around 1561. 310:to reach as far west as 5107:2012 Summer Paralympics 4129:Ackroyd, Peter (2018). 3339:Pearse, Malpas (1969). 2413:St. Giles in the Fields 2041:Kingston Grammar School 1758:by Paul Delaroche, 1833 1089:St. Helen's Bishopsgate 878:St. Giles-in-the-Fields 795:Old St Paul's Cathedral 743:Old St Paul's Cathedral 644:built around 1576, and 529:hospital to rebuild as 5437:16th century in London 5432:15th century in London 5148:Greater London Council 3594:Barratt, Nick (2012). 2552:Mortimer, Ian (2012). 2471: 2266:to the north; and the 2218: 2029:Enfield Grammar School 2020: 1986:St. Anthony's Hospital 1962:Court of the Exchequer 1882: 1877:Foxe's Book of Martyrs 1768:Duke of Northumberland 1759: 1519: 1433: 1257: 1231:Marquess of Winchester 1171: 1093:St. Saviour Bermondsey 999: 933: 862:St. Anthony's Hospital 840: 746: 209:London in World War II 5312:City of London Police 5143:London County Council 5017:1854 cholera outbreak 3285:Werner, Alex (1998). 2461: 2380:, Artillery Gardens, 2212: 2111:and scholars such as 2018: 2012:by a wealthy grocer. 1970:Court of Common Pleas 1870:The Bible translator 1869: 1754: 1707:Richard, Duke of York 1509: 1427: 1362:St. Paul's Churchyard 1322:joint-stock companies 1255: 1166: 1087:, Westminster Abbey, 985: 924: 838: 773:. His grandchildren, 740: 449:Palace of Westminster 357:St. Martin's-le-Grand 2453:All-Hallows-the-Less 2175:Astrophel and Stella 1994:St. Peter's Cornhill 1833:Lincoln's Inn Fields 1829:Mary, Queen of Scots 1816:, was imprisoned in 1787:Kingston-upon-Thames 1744:, who was acting as 1715:rebels from Cornwall 1566:Member of Parliament 1270:St. Margaret Pattens 783:St. John Clerkenwell 761:. Henry VII had the 634:Eastbury Manor House 495:Hampton Court Palace 439:Palaces and mansions 5383:Scheduled monuments 5343:Palace of Whitehall 5333:St Paul's Cathedral 5254:London sewer system 5244:London Fire Brigade 5234:Metropolitan Police 5213:London independence 5112:Grenfell Tower fire 5042:Festival of Britain 4951:19th-century London 4946:18th-century London 4883:City of Westminster 2286:Christopher Marlowe 2200:William Shakespeare 2151:Stationers' Company 1990:Threadneedle Street 1887:burned at the stake 1420:Health and medicine 1196:London Charterhouse 1176:Catherine of Aragon 1137:St. Giles' Hospital 1081:Holy Trinity Priory 1055:English Reformation 927:Henry Grace a Dieu, 882:banned from England 750:Other building work 539:Chelsea Manor House 424:Speculum Britanniae 224:London in the 1960s 199:19th-century London 194:18th-century London 97:English Reformation 5259:London Underground 5229:Bow Street Runners 5206:London Green Party 4924:Anglo-Saxon London 4803:, p. 334-335. 4779:, p. 330-331. 4728:, p. 326-327. 4677:, p. 351-353. 4636:, p. 346-347. 4477:, p. 127-128. 3312:, p. 279-280. 2472: 2219: 2180:A Defence of Poesy 2121:Desiderius Erasmus 2033:Westminster School 2021: 1926:Acts and Monuments 1883: 1856:Lord Chief Justice 1783:Philip II of Spain 1760: 1559:Westminster School 1520: 1496:Knightrider Street 1452:people in London. 1446:St. Mary Bethlehem 1434: 1428:The title page of 1342:East India Company 1303:Trade and industry 1258: 1227:Blackfriars Priory 1192:Oath of Succession 1172: 1141:St. Mary's Nunnery 1000: 975:Henry Grace à Dieu 934: 893:Philip II of Spain 848:, silk-weavers in 844:hatters stayed in 841: 830:Bills of Mortality 799:Middle Temple Hall 787:Prospect of Whitby 755:Lincoln's Inn Hall 747: 726:Nonsuch Palace in 646:Christopher Hatton 531:St. James's Palace 427:in 1593. In 1598, 308:old medieval walls 174:Anglo-Saxon London 18:Elizabethan London 5409: 5408: 5363:Westminster Abbey 5307:Lord Mayor's Show 5201:Liberal Democrats 5186:Political parties 5117:COVID-19 pandemic 5077:Anti-war protests 4852:History of London 3607:978-1-84794-532-7 3568:978-1-84868-200-9 3435:British Library. 3409:978-1-78607-184-2 3394:Kaufmann, Miranda 3352:978-0-356-02566-7 2850:978-0-520-22795-8 2565:978-1-84792-114-7 2535:978-1-4456-4586-5 2485:Margaret Beaufort 2481:Pietro Torregiano 2343:was performed at 2195:The Faerie Queene 2074:in 1541, and the 2025:Christ's Hospital 2010:Ratcliffe Highway 2000:was refounded by 1974:Court of Chancery 1844:Essex's Rebellion 1825:Anthony Babington 1661:Marshalsea Prison 1468:sweating sickness 1438:St. Bartholomew's 1387:gathering at the 1180:Church in England 1156:, and another on 1035:Court of Aldermen 1009:Old London Bridge 988:Old London Bridge 870:Church in England 771:Elizabeth of York 767:Westminster Abbey 611:, Arundel Place, 461:Westminster Abbey 292: 291: 258:London portal 140: 139: 136: 135: 16:(Redirected from 5444: 5399: 5398: 5348:Westminster Hall 5302:Livery Companies 5027:Great Exhibition 4997:Peasants' Revolt 4893:County of London 4845: 4838: 4831: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4571: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4525:, p. 61-62. 4520: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4454: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4275: 4269: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4190: 4184: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4080:, p. 70-71. 4075: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3981:, p. 64-65. 3976: 3970: 3969: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3909: 3901: 3891: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3742:, p. 32-33. 3737: 3731: 3730:, p. 30-31. 3725: 3719: 3713: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3652:, p. 57-58. 3647: 3641: 3635: 3624: 3623:, p. 83-86. 3618: 3612: 3611: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3504:, p. 29-30. 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3464: 3463:, p. 55-56. 3458: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3336: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3170:, p. 24-26. 3165: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3105: 3099: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3063: 3057: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2967: 2954: 2948: 2937: 2931: 2918: 2912: 2903: 2902:, p. 54-56. 2897: 2891: 2885: 2876: 2870: 2855: 2854: 2834: 2828: 2827:, p. 51-52. 2822: 2816: 2810: 2795: 2789: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2712: 2706: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2670: 2664: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2606: 2605:, p. 56-57. 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2549: 2540: 2539: 2519: 2351:Sports and games 2277:Romeo and Juliet 2258:to the south in 2204:Isabella Whitney 2037:Queen's Scholars 1912:was tortured on 1814:Robert Southwell 1730:Elizabeth Barton 1593:, where trainee 1569:Robert Pakington 1516:Walter Thornbury 1400:letter of marque 1369:Bartholomew Fair 1340:(1592), and the 1330:Eastland Company 1297:St. Ethelburga's 1117:Bermondsey Abbey 763:Henry VII Chapel 723: 711: 699: 683: 671: 625:Guildford Dudley 581:Bishop of London 554:Bridewell Palace 489:Greenwich Palace 469:Catherine Howard 433:Survey of London 403:George Hoefnagel 284: 277: 270: 256: 255: 204:London 1900–1939 160: 142: 132: 119: 112: 47: 30: 21: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5387: 5338:Tower of London 5321: 5317:Bank of England 5268: 5217: 5174: 5168:Mayor of London 5163:London Assembly 5121: 5057:Swinging London 4980: 4907: 4854: 4849: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4799: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4775: 4771: 4763: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4739: 4732: 4724: 4720: 4712: 4705: 4697: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4673: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4632: 4628: 4620: 4616: 4608: 4604: 4596: 4592: 4584: 4580: 4574:Richardson 2000 4572: 4565: 4559:Richardson 2000 4557: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4535:Richardson 2000 4533: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4509: 4505: 4497: 4493: 4485: 4481: 4473: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4449: 4445: 4437: 4430: 4424:Richardson 2000 4422: 4418: 4412:Richardson 2000 4410: 4401: 4393: 4389: 4383:Richardson 2000 4381: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4359:Richardson 2000 4357: 4353: 4345: 4341: 4333: 4329: 4321: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4278: 4270: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4231: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4204:Richardson 2000 4202: 4193: 4187:Richardson 2000 4185: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4115: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3955:The Golden Hind 3951: 3950: 3946: 3940:Richardson 2000 3938: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3902: 3893: 3892: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3863: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3689:Richardson 2000 3687: 3680: 3674:Richardson 2000 3672: 3668: 3662:Richardson 2000 3660: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3638:Richardson 2000 3636: 3627: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3476: 3467: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3338: 3337: 3328: 3320: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3297: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3246:Richardson 2000 3244: 3237: 3229: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3195:Richardson 2000 3193: 3186: 3180:Richardson 2000 3178: 3174: 3166: 3162: 3154: 3150: 3142: 3135: 3129:Richardson 2000 3127: 3123: 3117:Richardson 2000 3115: 3108: 3100: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3075:Richardson 2000 3073: 3066: 3060:Richardson 2000 3058: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3033:Richardson 2000 3031: 3018: 3010: 3006: 3000:Richardson 2000 2998: 2991: 2984: 2969: 2968: 2957: 2951:Richardson 2000 2949: 2940: 2932: 2921: 2913: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2888:Richardson 2000 2886: 2879: 2873:Richardson 2000 2871: 2858: 2851: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2813:Richardson 2000 2811: 2798: 2790: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2728:Richardson 2000 2726: 2715: 2707: 2700: 2694:Richardson 2000 2692: 2688: 2682:Richardson 2000 2680: 2673: 2667:Richardson 2000 2665: 2654: 2648:Richardson 2000 2646: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2551: 2550: 2543: 2536: 2521: 2520: 2513: 2509: 2497: 2477: 2390:Finsbury Fields 2353: 2314: 2242:to the east in 2143:Wynkyn de Worde 2104: 2099: 2083:Gresham College 2068:Mercers' School 2061:Chipping Barnet 2049:Highgate School 2008:was founded on 1982: 1947: 1929:, published in 1864: 1848:Robert Devereux 1846:in 1601, where 1692: 1680:debtors' prison 1626: 1528:Duke of Norfolk 1504: 1440:in Smithfield; 1430:Euricius Cordus 1422: 1389:Hand and Shears 1354:Queen Elizabeth 1326:Muscovy Company 1316:. In 1486, the 1305: 1274:chantry chapels 1243:Earl of Bedford 1184:Catholic Church 1158:St. John Street 1133:Holywell Priory 1105:St. Mary Graces 1057: 1051: 1024: 1011: 1005: 919: 815: 752: 735: 734: 733: 732: 731: 724: 716: 715: 712: 704: 703: 700: 692: 691: 688:hammerbeam roof 684: 676: 675: 672: 593:William Compton 519:hunting falcons 485:Richmond Palace 457:Tower of London 441: 407:Frans Hogenberg 380:London's guilds 329:Tower of London 324: 288: 250: 158: 151: 110: 50: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5450: 5448: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5414: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5378:Fortifications 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5278: 5276: 5274:City of London 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5131: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5086:Olympic Games 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4898:Greater London 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4878:City of London 4875: 4870: 4864: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4840: 4833: 4825: 4818: 4817: 4805: 4793: 4791:, p. 333. 4781: 4769: 4767:, p. 330. 4757: 4755:, p. 329. 4745: 4730: 4718: 4716:, p. 339. 4703: 4701:, p. 336. 4691: 4689:, p. 354. 4679: 4662: 4660:, p. 351. 4650: 4638: 4626: 4624:, p. 104. 4614: 4602: 4590: 4588:, p. 162. 4578: 4576:, p. 100. 4563: 4551: 4549:, p. 114. 4539: 4527: 4515: 4503: 4501:, p. 301. 4491: 4489:, p. 294. 4479: 4467: 4455: 4443: 4441:, p. 126. 4428: 4426:, p. 109. 4416: 4414:, p. 107. 4399: 4397:, p. 293. 4387: 4375: 4373:, p. 125. 4363: 4351: 4349:, p. 306. 4339: 4337:, p. 311. 4327: 4325:, p. 308. 4315: 4313:, p. 307. 4303: 4301:, p. 310. 4291: 4289:, p. 292. 4276: 4261: 4259:, p. 305. 4249: 4247:, p. 303. 4237: 4235:, p. 302. 4220: 4208: 4206:, p. 104. 4191: 4170: 4158: 4146: 4139: 4121: 4106: 4094: 4082: 4067: 4055: 4043: 4041:, p. 287. 4031: 4029:, p. 288. 4019: 4017:, p. 113. 4007: 4005:, p. 111. 3995: 3983: 3971: 3964: 3944: 3942:, p. 103. 3929: 3927:, p. 146. 3917: 3881: 3869: 3852: 3850:, p. 144. 3840: 3828: 3826:, p. 124. 3816: 3814:, p. 122. 3804: 3792: 3790:, p. 103. 3780: 3778:, p. 102. 3768: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3720: 3705: 3693: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3642: 3625: 3613: 3606: 3586: 3574: 3567: 3547: 3530: 3518: 3506: 3494: 3492:, p. 204. 3482: 3465: 3453: 3427: 3415: 3408: 3385: 3370: 3368:, p. 110. 3358: 3351: 3326: 3324:, p. 116. 3314: 3302: 3295: 3277: 3275:, p. 157. 3262: 3250: 3248:, p. 102. 3235: 3233:, p. 162. 3223: 3211: 3199: 3184: 3172: 3160: 3148: 3133: 3131:, p. 105. 3121: 3119:, p. 101. 3106: 3104:, p. 121. 3091: 3079: 3064: 3049: 3047:, p. 112. 3037: 3016: 3014:, p. 222. 3004: 2989: 2982: 2955: 2938: 2919: 2917:, p. 108. 2904: 2892: 2877: 2856: 2849: 2829: 2817: 2796: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2750: 2732: 2713: 2698: 2696:, p. 108. 2686: 2684:, p. 106. 2671: 2652: 2640: 2628: 2607: 2595: 2583: 2571: 2564: 2541: 2534: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2496: 2493: 2476: 2473: 2398:Philip Stubbes 2352: 2349: 2345:Nonsuch Palace 2318:Stephen Gosson 2313: 2310: 2184:Edmund Spenser 2139:William Caxton 2117:Thomas Linacre 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 1981: 1978: 1946: 1943: 1863: 1860: 1837:Roderigo Lopes 1764:Lady Jane Grey 1746:Lord Protector 1742:Edward Seymour 1703:Perkin Warbeck 1691: 1688: 1625: 1622: 1551:Nicholas Udall 1503: 1500: 1492:Thomas Linacre 1421: 1418: 1350:Royal Exchange 1338:Levant Company 1334:Venice Company 1304: 1301: 1289:Queen's Chapel 1129:Kilburn Priory 1097:Crossed Friars 1085:St. Mary Overy 1050: 1047: 1043:Common Council 1023: 1020: 1007:Main article: 1004: 1001: 990:, c.1600. The 918: 915: 814: 811: 751: 748: 725: 718: 717: 713: 706: 705: 701: 694: 693: 685: 678: 677: 673: 666: 665: 664: 663: 662: 638:Thomas Gresham 621:Lady Jane Grey 605:Somerset House 595:, who rebuilt 591:was bought by 577:Lambeth Palace 543:Great Standing 535:Nonsuch Palace 507:Catherine Parr 473:Lady Jane Grey 440: 437: 431:published his 388:Petticoat Lane 386:recalled that 349:City of London 323: 320: 290: 289: 287: 286: 279: 272: 264: 261: 260: 247: 246: 245: 244: 234: 233: 229: 228: 227: 226: 221: 216: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 163: 162: 153: 152: 145: 138: 137: 134: 133: 123: 104: 103: 94: 90: 89: 79:Lady Jane Grey 64: 60: 59: 56: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5449: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5427:Tudor England 5425: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5402: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5353:London Bridge 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5196:Conservatives 5194: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4940: 4939:Stuart London 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4841: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4815:, p. 58. 4814: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4801:Mortimer 2012 4797: 4794: 4790: 4789:Mortimer 2012 4785: 4782: 4778: 4777:Mortimer 2012 4773: 4770: 4766: 4765:Mortimer 2012 4761: 4758: 4754: 4753:Mortimer 2012 4749: 4746: 4743:, p. 77. 4742: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4726:Mortimer 2012 4722: 4719: 4715: 4714:Mortimer 2012 4710: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4699:Mortimer 2012 4695: 4692: 4688: 4687:Mortimer 2012 4683: 4680: 4676: 4675:Mortimer 2012 4671: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4658:Mortimer 2012 4654: 4651: 4648:, p. 69. 4647: 4646:Mortimer 2012 4642: 4639: 4635: 4634:Mortimer 2012 4630: 4627: 4623: 4622:Mortimer 2012 4618: 4615: 4612:, p. 51. 4611: 4606: 4603: 4600:, p. 68. 4599: 4598:Mortimer 2012 4594: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4561:, p. 98. 4560: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4540: 4537:, p. 83. 4536: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4516: 4513:, p. 61. 4512: 4507: 4504: 4500: 4499:Mortimer 2012 4495: 4492: 4488: 4487:Mortimer 2012 4483: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4468: 4465:, p. 94. 4464: 4459: 4456: 4453:, p. 96. 4452: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4395:Mortimer 2012 4391: 4388: 4385:, p. 93. 4384: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4364: 4361:, p. 89. 4360: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4347:Mortimer 2012 4343: 4340: 4336: 4335:Mortimer 2012 4331: 4328: 4324: 4323:Mortimer 2012 4319: 4316: 4312: 4311:Mortimer 2012 4307: 4304: 4300: 4299:Mortimer 2012 4295: 4292: 4288: 4287:Mortimer 2012 4283: 4281: 4277: 4274:, p. 76. 4273: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4257:Mortimer 2012 4253: 4250: 4246: 4245:Mortimer 2012 4241: 4238: 4234: 4233:Mortimer 2012 4229: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4218:, p. 71. 4217: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4192: 4189:, p. 97. 4188: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4168:, p. 98. 4167: 4162: 4159: 4156:, p. 54. 4155: 4150: 4147: 4142: 4140:9781419730993 4136: 4132: 4125: 4122: 4119:, p. 54. 4118: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4104:, p. 63. 4103: 4098: 4095: 4092:, p. 73. 4091: 4086: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4065:, p. 72. 4064: 4059: 4056: 4053:, p. 69. 4052: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4039:Mortimer 2012 4035: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3996: 3993:, p. 68. 3992: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3975: 3972: 3967: 3965:9780213164386 3961: 3957: 3956: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3918: 3913: 3907: 3899: 3898: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3879:, p. 42. 3878: 3873: 3870: 3867:, p. 34. 3866: 3865:Mortimer 2012 3861: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3841: 3838:, p. 49. 3837: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3805: 3802:, p. 57. 3801: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3769: 3766:, p. 58. 3765: 3760: 3757: 3754:, p. 66. 3753: 3748: 3745: 3741: 3740:Lipscomb 2012 3736: 3733: 3729: 3728:Lipscomb 2012 3724: 3721: 3718:, p. 30. 3717: 3716:Lipscomb 2012 3712: 3710: 3706: 3703:, p. 89. 3702: 3697: 3694: 3691:, p. 85. 3690: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3676:, p. 81. 3675: 3670: 3667: 3664:, p. 77. 3663: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3643: 3640:, p. 86. 3639: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3590: 3587: 3584:, p. 23. 3583: 3578: 3575: 3570: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3551: 3548: 3545:, p. 13. 3544: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3528:, p. 44. 3527: 3526:Mortimer 2012 3522: 3519: 3516:, p. 31. 3515: 3514:Mortimer 2012 3510: 3507: 3503: 3502:Mortimer 2012 3498: 3495: 3491: 3490:Mortimer 2012 3486: 3483: 3480:, p. 30. 3479: 3478:Mortimer 2012 3474: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3461:Mortimer 2012 3457: 3454: 3442: 3438: 3431: 3428: 3425:, p. 11. 3424: 3423:Kaufmann 2017 3419: 3416: 3411: 3405: 3401: 3400: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3383:, p. 92. 3382: 3381:Mortimer 2012 3377: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3354: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3342:Stuart London 3335: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3322:Mortimer 2012 3318: 3315: 3311: 3310:Mortimer 2012 3306: 3303: 3298: 3292: 3288: 3287:London Bodies 3281: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3260:, p. 11. 3259: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3221:, p. 67. 3220: 3215: 3212: 3209:, p. 66. 3208: 3203: 3200: 3197:, p. 99. 3196: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3182:, p. 80. 3181: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3168:Lipscomb 2012 3164: 3161: 3158:, p. 24. 3157: 3152: 3149: 3146:, p. 35. 3145: 3144:Lipscomb 2012 3140: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3089:, p. 53. 3088: 3083: 3080: 3077:, p. 76. 3076: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3062:, p. 92. 3061: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3038: 3035:, p. 87. 3034: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3012:Mortimer 2012 3008: 3005: 3002:, p. 82. 3001: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2985: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2953:, p. 88. 2952: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2936:, p. 29. 2935: 2934:Mortimer 2012 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2900:Lipscomb 2012 2896: 2893: 2890:, p. 84. 2889: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2875:, p. 79. 2874: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2825:Lipscomb 2012 2821: 2818: 2815:, p. 75. 2814: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2794:, p. 36. 2793: 2792:Lipscomb 2012 2788: 2786: 2782: 2779:, p. 45. 2778: 2777:Lipscomb 2012 2773: 2770: 2767:, p. 14. 2766: 2765:Lipscomb 2012 2761: 2758: 2753: 2751:9780091944841 2747: 2743: 2736: 2733: 2730:, p. 78. 2729: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2711:, p. 28. 2710: 2709:Mortimer 2012 2705: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2669:, p. 96. 2668: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2650:, p. 90. 2649: 2644: 2641: 2638:, p. 60. 2637: 2632: 2629: 2626:, p. 52. 2625: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2596: 2593:, p. 25. 2592: 2591:Mortimer 2012 2587: 2584: 2581:, p. 27. 2580: 2579:Mortimer 2012 2575: 2572: 2567: 2561: 2557: 2556: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2470:, c.1536–1537 2469: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2449: 2448:Thomas Wolsey 2445: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2340:Spem in Alium 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2323:Thomas Tallis 2319: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298:Thomas Dekker 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2223:miracle plays 2216: 2211: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2166:Philip Sidney 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2132:Mildred Cecil 2129: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2055:in 1572, and 2054: 2053:Harrow School 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2017: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1951:privy council 1944: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1898:New Testament 1895: 1890: 1888: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1678:London had a 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1642:boiling alive 1639: 1635: 1631: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1564:In 1536, the 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1533:In 1533, the 1531: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1461:Knightsbridge 1458: 1453: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1431: 1426: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1404:Francis Drake 1401: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381:Paul Hentzner 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1278:stained glass 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1239:Covent Garden 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1216:Thomas Howard 1213: 1209: 1205: 1204:John Houghton 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1154:Highgate Hill 1152:who lived on 1151: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1113:Barking Abbey 1110: 1109:Merton Priory 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1069:Austin Friars 1066: 1062: 1056: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1016:Nonsuch House 1010: 1003:London Bridge 1002: 997: 996:Nonsuch House 993: 989: 984: 980: 978: 976: 971: 967: 962: 960: 956: 951: 947: 943: 942:London Bridge 938: 932: 928: 923: 916: 914: 911: 909: 905: 900: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 866:Austin Friars 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 837: 833: 831: 826: 822: 820: 812: 810: 808: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 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105: 102: 98: 95: 91: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 65: 61: 57: 53: 46: 41: 36: 31: 19: 5373:The Monument 5358:Tower Bridge 5082:7/7 bombings 5007:Great Plague 4976:21st century 4961:World War II 4934:Tudor London 4933: 4919:Roman London 4808: 4796: 4784: 4772: 4760: 4748: 4721: 4694: 4682: 4653: 4641: 4629: 4617: 4605: 4593: 4581: 4554: 4542: 4530: 4518: 4506: 4494: 4482: 4470: 4458: 4446: 4419: 4390: 4378: 4366: 4354: 4342: 4330: 4318: 4306: 4294: 4252: 4240: 4216:Ackroyd 2018 4211: 4161: 4154:Ackroyd 2018 4149: 4130: 4124: 4097: 4085: 4058: 4046: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3954: 3947: 3920: 3896: 3872: 3843: 3831: 3819: 3807: 3800:Pevsner 1973 3795: 3783: 3771: 3764:Barratt 2012 3759: 3752:Barratt 2012 3747: 3735: 3723: 3696: 3669: 3657: 3650:Barratt 2012 3645: 3616: 3596: 3589: 3577: 3557: 3550: 3521: 3509: 3497: 3485: 3456: 3444:. Retrieved 3440: 3430: 3418: 3398: 3388: 3361: 3341: 3317: 3305: 3286: 3280: 3253: 3226: 3214: 3202: 3175: 3163: 3151: 3124: 3087:Pevsner 1973 3082: 3040: 3007: 2972: 2895: 2839: 2832: 2820: 2772: 2760: 2741: 2735: 2689: 2643: 2636:Barratt 2012 2631: 2624:Pevsner 1973 2603:Pevsner 1973 2598: 2586: 2574: 2554: 2524: 2489:Hans Holbein 2478: 2464:Jane Seymour 2462:Portrait of 2433: 2425:bull-baiting 2421:bear-baiting 2417:Paris Garden 2409:cockfighting 2406: 2354: 2338: 2335:Chapel Royal 2327:William Byrd 2315: 2294:Thomas Nashe 2271: 2220: 2193: 2187: 2186:, who wrote 2179: 2173: 2169: 2168:, who wrote 2163: 2147:Fleet Street 2136: 2124: 2105: 2091: 2080: 2065: 2022: 1983: 1959: 1955:Star Chamber 1948: 1924: 1918: 1906: 1891: 1884: 1875: 1841: 1822: 1803: 1795: 1779:Thomas Wyatt 1776: 1761: 1755: 1739: 1727: 1700: 1693: 1677: 1646: 1627: 1613: 1602:roaring girl 1599: 1591:Billingsgate 1588: 1573: 1563: 1547:Eton College 1532: 1524:Evil May Day 1521: 1511: 1485: 1465: 1454: 1450: 1435: 1429: 1414: 1407: 1396:privateering 1393: 1377:Richard Rich 1366: 1346: 1336:(1583), the 1332:(1579), the 1328:(1555), the 1314:mercantilism 1306: 1293: 1282: 1259: 1220: 1212:Edward North 1173: 1169:Edward North 1125:Lesnes Abbey 1101:White Friars 1073:Charterhouse 1058: 1032: 1025: 1012: 973: 963: 959:Custom House 935: 931:Anthony Roll 926: 912: 901: 886: 854:Spitalfields 842: 827: 823: 816: 803: 791:Wapping Wall 753: 617:Durham Place 609:Savoy Palace 599:. Along the 597:Bruce Castle 566: 551: 503:Jane Seymour 493: 481:John Skelton 442: 432: 422: 400: 369: 337:urban sprawl 325: 293: 239: 184:Tudor London 183: 169:Roman London 107: 33:Tudor London 5062:London Plan 5022:Great Stink 5002:Black Death 4992:Coronations 4813:Porter 2016 4741:Porter 2016 4610:Porter 2016 4586:Porter 2011 4547:Porter 2016 4523:Porter 2016 4511:Porter 2016 4475:Porter 2016 4463:Porter 2016 4451:Porter 2016 4439:Porter 2016 4371:Porter 2016 4272:Porter 2016 4166:Porter 2016 4117:Porter 2016 4102:Porter 2016 4090:Porter 2016 4078:Porter 2016 4063:Porter 2016 4051:Porter 2016 4027:Porter 2016 4015:Porter 2016 4003:Porter 2016 3991:Porter 2016 3979:Porter 2016 3925:Porter 2016 3877:Porter 2016 3848:Porter 2016 3836:Porter 2016 3824:Porter 2016 3812:Porter 2016 3788:Porter 2016 3776:Porter 2016 3701:Porter 2016 3621:Porter 2016 3582:Porter 2011 3543:Porter 2016 3366:Porter 2016 3273:Porter 2011 3258:Porter 2016 3231:Porter 2016 3219:Porter 2016 3207:Porter 2016 3156:Porter 2016 3102:Porter 2016 3045:Porter 2016 2915:Porter 2016 2455:from 1542. 2268:Blackfriars 2264:The Fortune 2240:The Curtain 2236:The Theatre 2232:Whitechapel 2202:. In 1566, 2087:Bishopsgate 1872:John Rogers 1854:. When the 1852:Essex House 1810:Little Ease 1798:royal barge 1723:Lord Audley 1682:called the 1665:Saint Peter 1624:Punishments 1595:pickpockets 1535:Buggery Act 1472:Lord Mayors 1457:Hammersmith 1442:St. Thomas' 1409:Golden Hind 1262:Great Bible 1235:Lord Dudley 1223:Lord Cobham 1065:Blackfriars 1039:Lord Mayor. 986:A model of 955:legal quays 889:John Blanke 858:Clerkenwell 759:Thomas More 741:A model of 686:The double 613:Cecil House 465:Anne Boleyn 419:John Norden 396:Whitechapel 365:Whitefriars 361:Blackfriars 355:", such as 300:Elizabeth I 157:History of 87:Elizabeth I 5416:Categories 5326:Structures 5127:Government 5047:Great Smog 5012:Great Fire 3296:090481890X 2983:0140710124 2507:References 2386:Smithfield 2382:Leadenhall 2374:Greyfriars 2358:Moorfields 2306:masquerade 2302:Ben Jonson 2290:Thomas Kyd 2244:Shoreditch 2113:John Colet 2102:Literature 2002:John Colet 1972:, and the 1935:Anabaptism 1931:Aldersgate 1910:Anne Askew 1791:Temple Bar 1772:Shoreditch 1719:Blackheath 1711:Tower Hill 1638:Tower Hill 1606:Mary Frith 1555:Marshalsea 1518:, in 1887. 1480:quarantine 1266:rood lofts 1214:and later 1200:Carthusian 1145:Franciscan 1121:Syon Abbey 1061:Greyfriars 1053:See also: 1028:Parliament 1022:Governance 937:The Thames 917:The Thames 850:Shoreditch 813:Demography 453:Parliament 445:Henry VIII 415:Ralph Agas 376:enclosures 333:Staple Inn 322:Topography 108:Chronology 93:Key events 71:Henry VIII 63:Monarch(s) 5297:Guildhall 5134:Historic 4971:1945–2000 4965:The Blitz 4956:1900–1939 4888:Middlesex 4873:Lundenwic 4868:Londinium 4860:Evolution 3906:cite book 3441:www.bl.uk 2429:Islington 2378:Bridewell 2370:Ely Place 2331:John Bull 2260:Southwark 2256:The Globe 2159:Cambridge 2109:humanists 2072:Old Jewry 2063:in 1573. 2051:in 1565, 1980:Education 1921:John Foxe 1701:In 1497, 1673:Mark Lane 1653:Cheapside 1618:Islington 1576:Eastcheap 1543:John Bale 1358:Cheapside 1344:(1600). 1247:Hyde Park 1225:acquired 1182:from the 897:Cheapside 846:Southwark 809:of 1580. 775:Edward VI 765:added to 660:in 1587. 589:Tottenham 562:workhouse 558:Edward VI 521:close to 429:John Stow 384:John Stow 353:liberties 345:Tottenham 316:John Stow 312:St. Giles 296:Henry VII 213:The Blitz 75:Edward VI 67:Henry VII 38:1485–1603 5401:Category 5222:Services 5179:Politics 5154:Current 4903:Timeline 3396:(2017). 2495:See also 2407:Popular 2402:West Ham 2394:Football 2252:The Swan 2248:The Rose 2228:Red Lion 2215:The Swan 1914:the rack 1657:sedition 1610:Long Meg 1049:Religion 970:Deptford 966:Woolwich 946:wherries 654:Southall 623:married 619:, where 511:tiltyard 411:Agas map 372:East End 341:Chiswick 241:Timeline 232:See also 148:a series 146:Part of 55:Location 5368:Big Ben 4912:Periods 3446:20 June 2362:Fencing 2170:Arcadia 2097:Culture 1939:Aldgate 1902:Antwerp 1894:Lollard 1818:Newgate 1696:treason 1690:Treason 1669:tumbrel 1649:pillory 1634:Wapping 1206:, were 992:cupolas 908:Barbary 874:Wapping 819:Norwich 650:Holborn 630:Chelsea 392:Wapping 367:, etc. 304:Norwich 5191:Labour 4985:Events 4137: 3962: 3604: 3565: 3406: 3349: 3293: 2980: 2847: 2748: 2562: 2532: 2444:quoits 2436:tennis 2304:. 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