Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital

611:

hospital. With no facilities to treat infectious or contagious disease patients on site, Ellis Island maintained its contract hospital relationship with the Health Department of New York and Long Island College Hospitals which had been caring for Ellis Island contagious disease patients since 1890. In 1903 New York announced that it wanted to terminate the agreement because the number of patients being sent to New York strained their capacity. The Bureau of Immigration considered the most practical solution was to build a third island, separated from Island 2 by a ferry basin. In response, the surgeon general indicated that an island "with an outside limit of 410 feet from the present island and with 200 feet of clear water space between the two islands, would be amply sufficient to ensure freedom from danger of contagion according to modern ideas of hospital construction. Contemporary hospital design and medical knowledge indicated that a single building was less desirable than a series of several small pavilions, where various diseases could be treated in isolation from other wards." The island measured 4.75 acres (1.92 ha). The ferry basin was later infilled.

985:

built in phases from 1906 to 1909. In sequence, the two-story pavilions were arranged with four pavilions each to the west and east of island 3's administration building and the kitchen building. Wards A, B, E and F were located south of the connection corridor; wards C, D, G, H, to the north of corridor. Each of these pavilions held all the necessary service spaces to function independently, and each ward could be sealed off in order to prevent cross-contamination, the principal cause of death prior to the invention of antibiotics . Most of the structures were completed in 1911. The three isolation wards were located along the axis of the corridor but beyond the limits of its enclosure. Each contained two separate wards. The power house/sterilizer/autopsy theater, mortuary, laboratory/pharmacy building were located at the southwest end of the connecting corridor and the Staff House at the Northeast end. The kitchen building and Administrative building, which also was dormitory for the nurses, were located in the center of the corridor. All structures were designed by James Knox Taylor in the

602:

separate facility, a new secure ward was required. The psychopathic ward, situated between the hospital outbuilding and the main hospital on Island 2, opened in 1907. The administration building was added in 1906–1907, which added another 125 beds. However, the number of immigrants nearly doubled (from 493,267 in 1902 to 1,004,756 in 1907), leaving the hospitals still extremely overcrowded. Between 1908 and 1909, a third building was constructed that has several names, originally called the hospital extension it was renamed Hospital Number 2 because it was almost the same size and layout as the first hospital. It had a capacity of 125 beds. When it opened it enabled the PHS to distribute patients to hospitals 1 and 2 and use the administration building for its original purpose. When Hospital 2 was completed, the facility had a capacity of 300 beds.

751:

and construction of a Recreation Building. The Recreation Building replaced the Red Cross building which had been added in 1915, adjacent to Hospital Outbuilding and the corridor to the Ferry. It was a wooden structure that was too small and, by 1934, in very poor condition. The Recreation building was the largest new structure built. Constructed between Islands 2 and 3, it housed a full scale gymnasium and auditorium complete with stage, a film projection booth, a canteen and other recreational facilities. The Surgeon's house on Island 2 which had become a nurses residence was removed. The Surgeons and their families lived the Staff House on Island 3 and the nurses quarters were all moved the Administrative building on Island 3.

31: 1100: 1136: 1124: 231: 586:, to tropical diseases imported from around the world. The hospital was an extremely effective institution. Its mortality rate was on par or better than most comparable hospitals. In 1917, Wilson, a PHS physician stationed at Ellis Island, conducted a study of the hospitals. He wrote that "Although the incidence of cross-infection contracted in hospital has not entirely ceased, it has reached such a low point (for the past year 0.63 percent of all admissions) that it is believed a description of the hospital, with special reference to the provisions to prevent the spread of disease, will be found interesting and instructive." 1112: 1069:. Each pavilion was a 1.5-story rectangular structure. Wards I and K are located to the south of the connecting corridor while ward L is located to the north; originally, all three pavilions were freestanding structures, but covered ways were built between wards I and K and the center corridor in 1914. There were also nurses' quarters in each attic. The staff building. located at the extreme east end of island 3's connecting corridor, is a 2.5-story building for high-ranking hospital staff. Living and dining rooms, a kitchen, and a library were located on the first floor while bedrooms were located on the second floor. 1088: 905: 1076: 933: 1022: 615:

would not permit construction to continue until the land issue was resolved. In 1904, the courts ruled and determined that the location of the proposed Island 3 was indeed part of New York. The immigration department now had clear title and construction was resumed, By the end of 1909 island 3 and the new contagious disease hospitals were completed, but insufficient funds had been allocated to connect the utilities and purchase furniture and equipment for the facility. Congressional authorization for the required funds was not achieved until 1911 and the hospitals opened later that year.

473:. It excluded any immigrant who was "likely to become a public charge" (LPC), effectively denying entrance to prospective immigrants who could not demonstrate their ability to work and would require government assistance to survive. The law also barred immigrants who were convicts, those convicted of political offenses or who were "idiots, psychopathics, or afflicted with a loathsome infectious or contagious disease". It also established a head tax to be paid to the federal government, which replaced one charged by New York State, which was declared unconstitutional in 1875 as per 3851: 917:, as well as other building demolition spoils. The fill was retained with a system of wood piles and cribbing, and later encased with more than 7,700 linear feet of concrete and granite sea wall, placed atop either wood piles, cribbing, or submerged bags of concrete. Island 2 was created in 1899, and island 3 in 1906. The second ferry basin between islands 2 and 3 was infilled in the 1920s to create the great lawn. It was started by building the concrete and granite seawall to connect the tip of islands 2 and 3. The basin was subsequently filled to create the lawn. 1161: 956: 727:

becoming Public Charges, committing crimes or being identified as political dissidents – anarchists principally. These immigrants were called Warrant Cases and were shipped to Ellis Island via Jersey City on Deportation Trains. They were mostly held in secure areas of the main building on Island 1 awaiting deportation. If they were ill, they were taken to the hospitals on Islands 2 and 3. A number of measles wards on Island 3 were converted to secure wards. The 1920 Census records 24 anarchists being treated in the hospitals.

398: 262: 2547: 2409: 2374: 2289: 1732: 1500: 290: 1169: 941:

operating rooms, a women's ward, a pediatric ward, a maternity ward, and a psychiatric ward. It was equipped with two birdcage elevators. Wards were open, and had lots of windows for ventilation and natural light. Each ward was also provided with a south-facing porch for fresh air, and activity. The operating rooms were located on the third floor and had skylights in order to provide the best lighting possible. Supplemental lighting was provided via

551:

included an outbuilding and a surgeon's house. "The hospital outbuilding included a laundry, linen room, and autopsy room. The surgeon’s house was designed and constructed with a basement; a parlor, kitchen, pantry, dining room, library, and hall on the first floor; and five bedrooms, hall, and bath on the second floor." Work on these buildings was completed at the end of 1901, but they did not open until 1902 because of delays during construction.

976:

building no. 1 is shaped like an inverted "C" with two 2.5-story rectangular wings facing southward; the wings contain two-story-tall porches. The administration building is smaller but also 3.5 stories. The 3.5-story building no. 2 is similar to building no. 1, but also has a three-story porch at the south elevation of the central pavilion. All three buildings have stone-stoop entrances on their north facades and courtyards on their south.

747:, to convene the Ellis Island Committee. Their mission was to evaluate the state of the facilities, to assess current immigration policy and to recommend actions to solve the problems that they identified. In 1934 the Ellis Island Committee submitted a report to Secretary Perkins confirming that current facilities were in disrepair and they were not adequate to fulfill the therapeutic and recreational needs of the patients. 390: 711:

Europe. The “National Origins Act,” passed in 1924, established a 2% quota system which drastically reduced immigration from targeted countries. In 1921 over 560,000 immigrants passed through Ellis Island. This drastically reduced overall numbers of immigrants. In 1925, the first full year that the new law was in effect, only 137,000 immigrants were admitted through Ellis Island.

297: 269: 238: 3753: 690:

wounded soldiers returning from Europe. The hospital was used to near capacity maintaining the same number of medical staff as it had prior to the War. The medical staff were all still commissioned officers in the PHS, but the facility was run by the War Department. The few immigrants who arrived were treated under contracts by hospitals in New York City.

968:

temporary treatment of immigrants suspected of being insane or having mental disorders, pending their deportation, hospitalization, or commitment to sanatoria. Male and female patients were segregated, and there were also a dayroom, veranda, nurse's office, and small pantry on each floor. In 1952 the psychopathic ward was converted into a Coast Guard

3632: 715:

their families, Merchant Mariners and Coast Guardsmen) as well as immigrants. The Hospital Complex always had the authorization to treat beneficiaries, but because the number of immigrants was so large and because they needed to have the capacity to treat an entire ship load of sick immigrants, the PHS seldom was able to treat beneficiaries.

382: 628:

facilities moved as the hospital expanded, but were first located on the third floor of the Administrative Building on Island 2. The general hospital building held three separate operating rooms and even dental offices. In 1914 when the hospital became fully operational, over 10,000 patients from 75 different countries were treated.

369:(PHS). All of the doctors at Ellis Island were part of the commissioned corps of the United States Public Health Service. Nurses and all other medical personnel were employees of the PHS. The PHS doctors conducted the line inspection, the medical examination of arriving immigrants, and treated detained immigrants in the hospitals. 694:

Ellis Island. They received their equipment and uniforms as well as final training prior to being shipped to hospitals in Europe. Initially quartered at Ellis Island, when the hospitals began to receive military casualties, the nurses were moved to hotels in New York City. Their training continued at Ellis Island.

619:

doctors, and a small operating room. New York then officially terminated its contract with the Bureau of Immigration and all patients arriving at Ellis Island were treated either in the general hospital or the contagious disease hospital. 1912 was the first full year that the hospital complex was completely open.

1192:, explores the abandoned buildings on the island and covers the history of the hospital. Conway also tracked down immigrants and descendants of immigrants who had spent time in the hospital and discussed their experiences with them. The film premiered on Ellis Island and was later shown on CBS in 2007. 984:

On Island 3, the contagious disease hospital comprised eight separate two-story pavilions, an administration building, and a kitchen all connected by a center and three completely separated isolation pavilions extending along the same corridor axis. The 16 measles wards, (also known as ward A-H) were

940:

The main building of the general hospital originally consisted of 125 beds and was eventually expanded to 300. Original concepts for the hospital included a rooftop bistro-style sitting and recreational area. With the Administration Building and Hospital Extension, the general hospital comprised four

923:

During its peak years, the hospital employed over 150 doctors, nurses, and other staff, many of whom lived in dormitories on the islands. According to the 1920 Census, 124 lived on the Islands. Red Cross workers also volunteered frequently, with a special focus on making the hospital more comfortable

726:

In 1919, Ellis Island and its hospitals also served as immigration detentions centers after the US Government conducted the Palmer Raids. The Bureau of Investigation (the forerunner of the FBI) had begun rounding up immigrants across the country who had violated the terms of their admission either by

631:

The hospitals used the most advanced methods in medicine for the time. In 1912 the PHS installed a full-scale laboratory, an offshoot of their former laboratory on Staten Island. That PHS Lab, and its pioneering work on germs and germ theory, was moved to Washington, D.C. in 1891 and renamed the

1151:

From 1955 to 2014 the hospital was not accessible to the general public. In 2014, the hospital opened to the public for guided 90-minute "Hard-Hat Tours". The Hard-Hat Tour ticket requires an additional fee on top of the regular ferry ticket. The additional fee revenues help fund the preservation of

1040:

An L-shaped powerhouse and laundry building, built in 1908, is also located on the west side of island 3. It has a square north wing with boiler, coal, and pump rooms, as well as a rectangular south wing with laundry and disinfection rooms, staff kitchen, and staff pantry. The powerhouse and laundry

963:

Along the central corridor connecting the islands, (on Island 2, just south of the ferry terminal) is the Laundry Building, which was constructed in 1900–1901 along with the now-demolished surgeon's house. The structure is one and a half stories tall with a hip roof and skylights facing to the north

1048:

pavilions. All of the pavilions are identical, two-story rectangular structures. Each pavilion held a spacious open ward with large windows on three sides and independent ventilation ducts. A hall leading to the connecting corridor was flanked by bathrooms, nurses' duty room, offices, and a serving

975:

The main General Hospital building is directly east of the psychopathic ward. It is composed of three similarly designed structures: from west to east, they are Hospital Building No. 1 (built 1900–1901), the Administration Building (1905–1907), and Hospital Building No. 2 (1908–1909). The 3.5-story

778:

In 1954, the remaining parts of Ellis Island were closed and declared “excess federal property”. Despite redevelopment of Ellis Island's north side, the south side remained abandoned because of disagreements over its proposed use. The NPS held a competition for proposals to redevelop the south side

754:

In addition to the new structures, extensive work was done on the Contagious Disease Hospital. Metal doors were added in the psychiatric wards. There were two maximum security psychiatric wards created by remodeling 2 measles wards, one for women and one for men. Specialized plumbing was added

693:

Early in the US involvement in World War I the main facility at Ellis Island was used as an equipping and embarkation facility for the U.S. Navy. Sailors were brought to Ellis Island as they awaited the preparation of their ships for sea. PHS nurses who were being sent to Europe also passed through

680:

program for immigrants detained at Ellis Island. In 1936, the PHS was asked to help with the treatment of World War I veterans, some of whom had shell shock. Because of the success of the DAR's occupational expertise, they were given an entire pavilion (Isolation Ward J) where they worked with U.S.

610:

Hospital No. 1 was designed as a general hospital. The PHS intended there to be a companion, separate contagious hospital, as was the practice in the civilian hospitals, such as Johns Hopkins Hospital, after which Ellis Island's hospitals were modeled, but the government would not fund a contagious

1052:

The administration building for the Contagious Disease Hospital is a 3.5-story structure located on the north side of island 3's connecting corridor, in the center of the landmass. It included reception rooms, offices, and a staff kitchen on the first floor; nurses' quarters and operating rooms on

750:

The Roosevelt Administration acted on many of the recommendations. The projects that were completed on Islands 2 and 3 included: Completing and landscaping the infill of the area between Islands 2 and 3, for recreational and therapeutic use; adding a recreation shelter for the new lawn space;

722:

Under the new law the staff at Ellis Island was charged with a new task, inspection of Alien Merchant sailors arriving in New York. This practice started in 1926 and within a few months the PHS doctors were examining sailors at the rate of 600,000 a year. The largest concerns were tuberculosis and

710:

During the 1920s, however, the US Congress began to change its immigration policy from an Open Door to a very closed door policy. New immigration laws were passed, explicitly to allow some immigration from Northern and Western Europe while severely restricting immigration from Southern and Eastern

627:

When completed, the Ellis Island Hospital held 750 beds, 450 in the Contagious Disease Hospital and 300 in the General Hospital. A "Psychopathic Ward" housed 20–30 male and female patients. Island 2 had a maternity ward to deliver the 350 children born at Ellis Island. The maternity/obstetric

618:

The Island 3 buildings included eight two-story-pavilions designated for measles patients, three isolation wards, a morgue and autopsy building, a medical office building; and a three-story administrative building that contained the admitting and discharge facilities, residences for nurses, single

614:

The area chosen was between Island 2 and Liberty Island and adjacent to the Jersey City waterfront area known locally as Black Tom. Infill and construction was started but New Jersey claimed title to the area and New York and New Jersey went to court over this riparian rights issue. The government

601:

The volume of immigrants quickly overwhelmed Hospital 1's capacity of 125 beds. As the number of immigrants increased, the number of "psychopathic" or "insane" patients grew as well. Because their entry in the US was prohibited by immigration law and because these patients needed to be housed in a

597:

article, "those less fortunate had to submit to physical inspections that required stripping off all of one’s clothing – an entirely foreign concept, particularly to many immigrant women. This is why there were female physicians stationed on the medical inspection line. Some immigrants had no idea

357:

Constructed in phases, the facility encompassed both a general hospital and a separate pavilion-style contagious disease hospital. The hospital had two functions: treating immigrants who were ill upon arrival, and treating immigrants with conditions that were prohibited by immigration laws. These

787:

convened a long-inactive federal commission to determine how the south side of Ellis Island should be used. Though the hotel proposal was dropped in 1986 for lack of funds, the NPS allowed developer William Hubbard to redevelop the south side as a convention center, though Hubbard was not able to

967:

To the east of the Laundry Building, on island 2 is the psychopathic ward, a two-story building erected in 1906–1907. This building is the only structure in the hospital complex to have a flat roof, and it previously also had a porch to its south. It housed 25 to 30 beds and was intended for the

714:

Almost overnight the Hospital Complex at Ellis Island held a fraction of the number of immigrant patients it had previously. As the number of immigrants patients decreased the PHS began to use the hospital as a Marine Hospital treating beneficiaries (employees of the US Public Health Service and

500:

In 1890 when the US government and the State of New York processed immigrants jointly at the Barge Office (a US government-owned facility), patients with contagious diseases were sent to hospitals operated by the New York City Department of Health and to Long Island College Hospital in Brooklyn,

1012:

Wards, each patient room had two sinks. The higher sink was used for spitting and the lower sink was for washing. The autopsy amphitheater which contained an eight-cadaver refrigerator, became a well-known teaching hall, drawing medical observers from teaching hospitals in the United States and

550:

The Main Immigration Building and structures on Island 1 were completed and opened in December 1900. Work creating Island 2 was completed in 1898. Work then started on the hospital and other buildings. The new hospital (Hospital Building No. 1) was built between February 1900 and March 1901 and

706:

According to the 1920 US Census, there were 124 PHS employees living on the Islands including seven doctors, two wives and four children. There were 36 nurses residing at Ellis, 24 female,12 male. All the female nurses were single, some of the male nurses were married. There were a total of 35

689:

The hospitals were closed to immigrants for the first two years of World War I because immigration had virtually ceased due to wartime conditions. In 1917 the hospitals were officially taken over by the War Department and were renamed Debarkation Hospital #1. Their wartime mission was to treat

647:

in 1913. Doctors would use metal calipers to measure the circumference of immigrants' heads, and immigrants of “superior racial stock” were often favored when entering the United States. Additionally, many immigrants were detained at Ellis Island for mental illness and placed in the hospital's

912:

The present day footprint of the island is 27.5 acres (11.1 ha) as opposed to the original 3.3-acre (1.3 ha) island. Though the current island's landmass was originally three separate islands, the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital consisted of 22 buildings spread over the southern two

697:

In the spring of 1919 the hospital complex was returned to the Bureau of Immigration and the Public Health Service and was renamed Marine Hospital #43. Immigrants were once again processed at Ellis Island. By 1920 the number of immigrants arriving returned very close to prewar levels and the

718:

The 1924 National Origins Act further reduced hospital demand by requiring immigrants to have a medical examinations prior to boarding for America. This reduced the need for the Line Inspection at Ellis Island which was very efficient at processing volumes of immigrants but allowed many ill

496:

The original immigration station on Ellis Island opened January 1, 1892. It was built reusing several of the structures from Fort Gibson. A shellhouse was converted into a hospital for the insane, the gunners quarters became the surgeon's house, a shellhouse became a dining hall and another

372:

Efforts to restore the hospital buildings and other structures on the island are being made by the Save Ellis Island Foundation. The hospital complex has been open to the public on a limited basis for hard hat tours since 2014, provided by the Save Ellis Island Foundation.

447:

The need for hospitals as part of the immigration process was well-established when the new Ellis Island Immigration Station opened. In the 1860s (when immigration was administered by the states), New York State sent sick immigrants from the main entrance facility at

1600:"FIRE ON ELLIS ISLAND; It Broke Out Shortly After Midnight in the Furnace of the Main Building. THE FIREBOAT NEW YORKER AND POLICE BOAT PATROL HAVE GONE TO THE SCENE. Communication With Island Was Cut Off – It Was Reported that All Persons Escaped With Their Lives" 4035: 4095: 964:

and south. Repaired repeatedly throughout its history, the laundry-outbuilding was last restored in 2002. It had linen, laundry, and disinfecting rooms; a boiler room; a morgue with autopsy room; and quarters for the laundry staff on the second floor.

664:. It is likely that many of these diagnoses were the product of cultural differences, language barriers, or the immigrants' anxiety about entering a new country, which made their behavior seem slow or out of the ordinary to hospital doctors. In 1913, 1774:"A PALACE FOR IMMIGRANTS; New York Design for the New Buildings of the Ellis Island Station Accepted. THE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Elaborate Arrangements for the Safety and Convenience of Arriving People and Their Friends — Everything Made Fireproof" 546:

style, as well as the kitchen and laundry building, main powerhouse, and the main hospital building The plan also included the creation of a new island (Island 2), upon which the hospital would be built, south of the existing island (Island 1).

668:

developed more objective testing methods to determine with increased accuracy whether an immigrant was mentally deficient. The Knox tests were effective in that they did not require specific cultural knowledge for successful performance.

803:

estimated that with about $ 3 million of federal funding, the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital could be stabilized for the next 15 years. According to the Conservancy, that would allow time to develop a long-term preservation plan.

4065: 1056:

At the extreme eastern end of island three were three separate isolation pavilions, which contained (wards I-L) and a staff house. These pavilions were intended for patients with more serious infectious diseases, including

358:

latter patients were stabilized and often sent back to their home countries. Between 1902 and 1951 the hospital treated over 275,000 patients; there were approximately 4,000 fatalities and 350 babies were born there.

162: 707:

doctors employed by the Public Health Service serving in 3 divisions: Boarding, Medical Inspection and Hospital. One of the Commissioned doctors was a woman. The hospital treated almost 9,000 patients a year.

1123: 4060: 4090: 942: 4040: 230: 3840: 484:

formalized previous immigration laws and gave full authority to the US government, including the ability to enforce the laws and to deport immigrants who did not meet the requirements. The

4055: 4050: 523: 534:

of 1893, which had permitted private architects to design federal buildings, rather than government architects in the supervising architect's office. By December, it was announced that

1456:"Landed on Ellis Island; New Immigration Buildings Opened Yesterday. a Rosy-Cheeked Irish Girl the First Registered – Room Enough for All Arrivals – Only Railroad People Find Fault" 1033:

on the first floor, along with a laboratory and pharmacists' quarters on the second floor. In 1924, the first floor offices were converted into male nurses' quarters. A one-story

3956: 4015: 3923: 68: 1099: 1111: 1087: 1881: 719:

immigrants to enter. The doctors at Ellis Island were able to perform “Intensive Inspections” which were much longer and more thorough at the Immigration facility.

497:

shellhouse became a detention facility for immigrants awaiting deportation. A 40-bed hospital was constructed from "a series of wooden structures surrounding a garden".

3739: 1053:

the second floor; and additional staff quarters on the third floor. A one-story kitchen with a smokestack is located opposite the administration building to the south.

920:

A central corridor runs southward from the ferry building on the west side of the island. Two additional corridors split eastward down the centers of islands 2 and 3.

1351:

Statistics compiled from annual reports to The Commissioner General of Immigration and The Surgeon General of United States Public Health Service from 1892 to 1954.

1180:, was installed. The work can be seen as part of the Hard-Hat Tour and includes murals of figures who would have occupied each of the respective hospital buildings. 4030: 3989: 3867: 3810: 3785: 3536: 1152:

the south side. However, all tourists are required to stay with their tour groups and wear hard hats, and videos of the site are prohibited without prior approval.

1135: 4045: 3979: 4070: 562:

PHS). It was one of the first facilities in the country to employ a full-time female physician, Rose A. Bebb. Physicians treated a wide range of disease, from

261: 2425: 289: 1004:

Several design features of the hospital were specifically intended to help contain the diseases. The laundry facility was equipped with a large steam-heated

2660: 4025: 3385: 813: 3938: 3928: 681:

servicemen, merchant seamen, and members of the U.S. Coast Guard and other U.S. government beneficiaries. This work continued until after World War II.

1455: 4080: 469:

As the number of immigrants increased, it was decided that the US government had to take control of immigration. In 1882 the US government passed the

393:

Ellis Island as seen from the air in the early 1970s, with the hospital at the southern (left) side of the island which had been created with landfill

365:, which was re-organized and expanded in 1902 and became the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service. The name was shortened in 1912 and became the 3757: 1270: 4085: 2015: 1773: 1075: 796: 1599: 1391: 4100: 2304: 1248: 4075: 833: 3872: 3722: 3693: 3664: 1307: 673: 151: 3437: 456:

Emigrant Hospital, which opened in 1864 was constructed in the pavilion style, a hygienic layout promoted by Florence Nightingale in her

1013:

Europe. Eventually, the hospital boasted 22 wards, including separate wards for men, women, children, surgery patients, and the insane.

559: 429: 366: 339: 327: 201: 30: 3877: 3488: 2882: 593:

that could sterilize four mattresses at a time. For many immigrants, new medical equipment was unfamiliar and scary. According to one

2451: 477:, 92 U.S. 259. The local administration, however, was to be carried out by state officers designated by the various states involved. 4020: 3933: 1668: 740: 347: 190: 1276:. Ellis Island, Contagious Disease Hospital Kitchen (Report). Washington, DC: National Park Service. HABS NY-6086-S. Archived from 3568:

Statue of Liberty National Monument (N.M.) and Ellis Island, Ellis Island Development Concept Plan: Environmental Impact Statement

1843: 1029:

The Office Building and Laboratory is a 2.5-story structure located at the west end of island 3. It housed doctors' offices and a

904: 530:, opened an architecture competition to rebuild the immigration station. The competition was the second to be conducted under the 488:, later renamed the US Public Health Service, was charged with administering the new immigration laws for the federal government. 3900: 783:

hotel on the site of the hospital. In 1985, while restoration of the north side of Ellis Island was underway, Interior Secretary

119: 1041:

also had a distinctive yellow-brick smokestack. Part of the building was converted into a morgue and autopsy room in the 1930s.

924:

and enjoyable for the immigrant children. A hospital school taught children about personal hygiene, neatness, and good manners.

542:

had won the competition. Tilton and Boring's plan called for four new structures: a main immigration processing facility in the

3859: 3802: 2503: 932: 543: 410: 246: 1021: 3771: 800: 635:

History has rendered a number of these cutting-edge medical practices obsolete, even offensive. For example, now-discredited

799:, which put the buildings on the list of “most endangered historical places in the United States.” A study conducted by the 3794: 948:

The structures on Island 2 shared the same design as the original facilities on island 1: a brick facade in Flemish bond,

767: 598:

what X-ray machines did; others were fearful that their clothing – or the money sewn inside its seams – would be stolen."

3778: 758:

The work was performed between 1934 and by the end of 1936 by two New Deal programs within the Department of Labor: the

632:

National Institutes of Health. At the time, the PHS was the premier agency involved in containing infectious diseases.

2477: 1215: 1196: 780: 759: 2975:"7. Window Details – Ellis Island, Contagious Disease Hospital Office Building, New York Harbor, New York County, NY" 2135: 1481: 955: 743:. The facilities at Ellis Island were in such bad shape that President Roosevelt instructed the Secretary of Labor, 3895: 3830: 3304: 1392:"New State Emigrant Hospital, Ward's Island.; LAYING THE CORNER-STONE. INTERESTING CEREMONIES. Arrival of a Whaler" 3850: 1160: 3280:"First Floor Plan - Ellis Island, Contagious Disease Hospital Staff House, New York Harbor, New York County, NY" 1201:

aired a piece on the Immigrant Hospitals titled "Al Roker gets a tour of the abandoned Ellis Island hospitals."

826: 3918: 3251: 2305:"ELLIS ISLAND ENDS ALIEN PROCESSING; Last Detained Person Leaves – 20,000,000 Immigrants Cared For in 62 Years" 1684: 986: 535: 397: 1271:"Photographs – Written Historical and Descriptive Data – Reduced Copies of Measured Drawings – Field Reccords" 3226: 444:. By the late 19th century, Fort Gibson was obsolete and the island was used by the Navy to store munitions. 3974: 3835: 3820: 3330: 2601: 1573: 589:

The PHS used advanced methods in medicine as they developed. They used fluoroscopy and x-rays; there was an

555: 501:

which was then also called the Immigrant Hospital. The hospitals involved were called “Contract Hospitals.”

485: 481: 470: 425: 424:

was the site of Fort Gibson, an 18th-century fort which was part of the New York Harbor defenses along with

362: 48: 2546: 2408: 2373: 2288: 1731: 1499: 3052:"5. Interior view of Powerhouse – Ellis Island, Island 3 Powerhouse, New York Harbor, New York County, NY" 1277: 1184: 3462: 788:

find investors. The south side was proposed for possible future development even through the late 1990s.

755:

to the Tuberculosis wards. Much of the extant structures seen today are the result of these renovations.

4010: 3966: 3815: 2563: 1748: 1312: 819: 736: 648:

psychiatric ward. Some of the contemporary clinical classifications for mental illness are now archaic:

343: 129: 914: 792: 677: 2071: 1862:

Wilson, J.G. (November 1917). "the Contagious Disease Hospital for Immigrants at Ellis Island, NY".

3640: 3523:(Report). Ellis Island, Statue of Liberty National Monument, Volume 1 – via Internet Archive. 3190:"Ellis Island, Contagious Disease Hospital Isolation Ward I, New York Harbor, New York County, NY" 1429: 812: 795:

listed the hospital as one of the world's 100 Most Endangered Properties, a warning echoed by the

3359: 2766:"4. Second Floor Plan – Ellis Island, Hospital Outbuilding, New York Harbor, New York County, NY" 952:, and limestone ornamentation. All structures were internally connected via covered passageways. 739:

took office in 1933 Ellis Island was run by the Bureau of Immigration which was part of the

665: 657: 462: 3092:"Ellis Island, Contagious Disease Hospital Measles Ward A, New York Harbor, New York County, NY" 2910: 1168: 433: 3887: 3728: 3718: 3699: 3689: 3670: 3660: 3614: 3600: 3586: 2737: 1664: 1658: 539: 527: 519: 351: 350:

office, the south side of Ellis Island, including the hospital, is managed by the non-profit

3545: 1037:

is located east of the office building, and was converted to the "Animal House" circa 1919.

640: 514:

On June 15, 1897, the wooden immigration station on Ellis Island was destroyed by fire. The

453: 441: 3411: 2107: 2089: 3012:"Ellis Island, Contagious Disease Hospital Mortuary, New York Harbor, New York County, NY" 908:

The lawn between islands 2 and 3. General hospital buildings on island 2 seen on the left.

784: 744: 335: 56: 3279: 3153:"Ellis Island, Contagious Disease Hospital Kitchen, New York Harbor, New York County, NY" 1326: 3051: 1210: 1066: 449: 389: 2974: 2765: 4004: 3685:

Forgotten Ellis Island : the extraordinary story of America's immigrant hospital

3520: 2638: 2562:

Huxtable, Ada (December 9, 1999). "Ghosts of Hope and Despair". Wall Street Journal.

1058: 994: 661: 575: 452:

in the Battery to a separate purpose-built and very effective new hospital facility.

1660:

Architects to the Nation: The Rise and Decline of the Supervising Architect's Office

1327:"Proclamation 3656 – Adding Ellis Island to the Statue of Liberty National Monument" 1176:

In 2014, "Unframed – Ellis Island", an art installation by the French street artist

354:

Foundation and has been off-limits to the general public since its closing in 1954.

3984: 3256: 1221: 1189: 1129:

Two sinks in a Tuberculosis ward with the Statue of Liberty reflected in the mirror

1009: 644: 567: 421: 406: 331: 44: 3529: 2124:

Adjutant General Reports 1919, compiled from form 52 Office of the Surgeon General

770:. The conversion of the wards and other work was also done by these two agencies. 3712: 3683: 3654: 3566: 2016:"NEW ISLAND IN THE BAY.; Government Buys Plot Under Water Adjoining Ellis Island" 3948: 2567: 1177: 531: 913:

islands. The islands were man-made, using excavated fill and concrete from the

779:

in 1981. The NPS selected a plan for a conference center and a 250-to-300-room

4036:

Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey

3910: 1062: 1030: 583: 52: 3703: 3674: 2661:"Unframed-An Exhibit by Street Artist JR at Abandoned Ellis Island Hospitals" 2426:"Restoring Ellis Island: Bitter Dispute Over the Future of a National Shrine" 83: 70: 4096:

Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey

3732: 3189: 3152: 3091: 3011: 2817: 2540: 2536: 2529: 2390: 2355: 2270: 1713: 1005: 990: 590: 3386:"Public gets first look in decades of long-neglected Ellis Island hospital" 2233:

Annual Report of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service of the US

3752: 3360:"Unrestored Ellis Island Buildings Opening for the First Time in 60 Years" 989:

style and are distinguished by red-tiled hip roofs, exposed rafter tails,

2330: 763: 653: 636: 571: 437: 3763: 2818:"Ellis Island, Psychopathic Ward, New York Harbor, New York County, NY" 1430:"The Roots of Public Health and CDC | David J. Sencer CDC Museum | CDC" 1045: 563: 2789: 1961: 1034: 998: 381: 163:

Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island

2137:

The Medical Department of the US Army During the World War Volume V

1750:

Edward Lippincott Tilton: A Monograph on His Architectural Practice

1352: 1167: 1159: 1020: 954: 949: 931: 903: 649: 579: 396: 388: 380: 4066:

National Register of Historic Places in Hudson County, New Jersey

1302: 1065:, and a combination of either of these diseases with measles and 518:

reported that all 40 patients were safely evacuated and taken to

969: 3767: 385:

Early 20th-century map showing the "Site of Emigrants Hospital"

338:, that operated from 1902 to 1951. The hospital is part of the 1556: 1554: 3636: 3489:"Al Roker gets a tour of the abandoned Ellis Island hospital" 3252:"Before Ebola, Ellis Island's terrifying medical inspections" 2720: 2718: 2716: 3331:"Exploring Abandoned Ellis Island – And How It Can Be Saved" 936:

A south-facing porch of the psychopathic ward with the cage

139: 3616:

Statue of Liberty / Ellis Island – Historic Resource Study

3602:

Statue of Liberty / Ellis Island – Historic Resource Study

3588:

Statue of Liberty / Ellis Island – Historic Resource Study

3578:

Statue of Liberty / Ellis Island – Historic Resource Study

2686: 2684: 2682: 2271:"Ellis Island Becomes Lonely Way Station for the Seagulls" 3034: 3032: 2934: 2932: 2864: 2862: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2219:

Annual Report of the Surgeon General of the United States

1545:

Annual Report to the Surgeon General of the United States

3519:

Belle, Beyer Blinder; Finegold, Anderson Notter (1988).

3364:

Ellis Island Part of Statue of Liberty National Monument

2609:

Ellis Island Part of Statue of Liberty National Monument

1907:

Annual Report to the Commissioner General of Immigration

1578:

Ellis Island Part of Statue of Liberty National Monument

1531:

Annual Report to the Commissioner General of Immigration

4061:

Historic district contributing properties in New Jersey

3528:

Robins, Anthony; Urbanelli, Elisa (November 16, 1993).

2883:"Trying to Save Ellis Island, The Neglected 'Sad Side'" 1909:. U.S. Department of Immigration. 1901. pp. 38–40. 296: 268: 237: 4091:

Historic district contributing properties in Manhattan

2161:

Report to the Surgeon General of the US Army (1918/19)

698:

hospitals were treating similar numbers of patients.

2452:"Advisory Panel Asked to Help Settle Ellis I. Plans" 1974: 1972: 1970: 554:

The immigrant hospital was initially staffed by the

4041:

Buildings and structures in Jersey City, New Jersey

3965: 3947: 3909: 3886: 3858: 3801: 3656:

American passage : the history of Ellis Island

2602:"STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF ELLIS ISLAND, 1890–1935" 2235:. US Public Health Service. 1925. pp. 73, 180. 2221:. US Public Health Service. 1926. pp. 234–239. 1747:Mausolf, Lisa B.; Hengen, Elizabeth Durfee (2007), 304:

Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital (the United States)

207: 197: 188: 176: 168: 158: 149: 135: 125: 115: 107: 99: 62: 40: 23: 2174:"Annual Report to the Surgeon General of the US". 4056:Historic American Buildings Survey in New Jersey 4051:Tourist attractions in Hudson County, New Jersey 3366:. U.S. National Park Service. September 15, 2014 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2579: 2577: 2054: 2052: 2039: 2037: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1513: 1511: 3537:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 3213: 3176: 3139: 3115: 3075: 3038: 2998: 2938: 2868: 2724: 2707: 2690: 2002: 643:established an intelligence testing program on 2504:"Redone Ellis Island: Burnished but Not Brash" 2176:Annual Report to the Surgeon General of the US 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 3779: 2841: 1560: 827: 8: 3521:Historic Structure Report: The Main Building 1001:, and ornamentation of brick and limestone. 276:Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital (New Jersey) 4016:History of immigration to the United States 3553:. Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation 2911:"Capturing the 'Dark Side' of Ellis Island" 2790:Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island EIS 2005 2331:"How Ellis Island Changed Before It Closed" 2277:. Passaic, NJ. November 12, 1954. p. 7 1962:Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island EIS 2005 1875: 1873: 1488:. Rochester, NY. January 2, 1892. p. 1 1025:Exterior of the contagious disease hospital 3786: 3772: 3764: 3547:Cultural Landscape Report for Ellis Island 1249:"Ellis Island - Hudson County, New Jersey" 834: 820: 29: 20: 3463:"Artist's hidden message on Ellis Island" 2502:Stanley, Alessandra (September 2, 1990). 1845:Finding a Remarkable Life on Ellis Island 842:Buildings and structures at Ellis Island 152:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 16:Former public hospital in New York Harbor 2905: 2903: 2140:. U.S. Govt. Print. Office. p. 114. 1117:A large autoclave to sanitize mattresses 811: 797:National Trust for Historic Preservation 3688:. New York: Smithsonian Books Collins. 3354: 3352: 2853: 2801: 2583: 2043: 1978: 1815: 1798: 1644: 1517: 1363: 1240: 1093:An operating room with white tile walls 1071: 959:A Smith Drum machine in the outbuilding 606:Contagious disease hospital on Island 3 420:Prior to being an immigration station, 407:Ellis Island § Medical inspections 342:. While the monument is managed by the 187: 148: 4031:Hospitals in Hudson County, New Jersey 3127: 3086: 3084: 2961: 2881:Halbfinger, David M. (June 16, 1997). 2812: 2810: 2760: 2758: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2450:Gottlieb, Martin (November 23, 1985). 2424:Gottlieb, Martin (February 23, 1986). 2200: 2188: 2058: 1990: 1931: 1919: 1416: 1339: 1303:"National Register Information System" 475:Henderson v. Mayor of City of New York 466:as the exemplar of a modern hospital. 361:The immigrant hospital was run by the 4046:Government buildings in New York City 3305:"Geometries — Ellis Island Autoclave" 2478:"Ellis I. Proposal Is Seen as Faulty" 2213: 2211: 2209: 1708: 1706: 1663:. New York: Oxford University Press. 1164:A mural from "Unframed – Ellis Island 639:played a small role at the hospital. 251:Show map of Hudson County, New Jersey 206: 196: 175: 167: 157: 7: 4071:Hospital buildings completed in 1902 3613:Unrau, Harlan D. (September 1984c). 3599:Unrau, Harlan D. (September 1984b). 3585:Unrau, Harlan D. (September 1984a). 3436:Ryzik, Melena (September 24, 2014). 2248:Report of the Ellis Island Committee 2112:Daughters of the American Revolution 2094:Daughters of the American Revolution 1308:National Register of Historic Places 674:Daughters of the American Revolution 3717:. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. 3576:Unrau, Harlan D. (September 1984). 2076:NIH US National Library of Medicine 2072:"History the Public Health Service" 1882:"Ellis Island's Forgotten Hospital" 1831:. National Park Service. p. 8. 885:Administration building and kitchen 367:United States Public Health Service 340:Statue of Liberty National Monument 328:United States Public Health Service 202:Statue of Liberty National Monument 4026:Defunct hospitals in New York City 3639:from websites or documents of the 3194:Historic American Buildings Survey 3157:Historic American Buildings Survey 3096:Historic American Buildings Survey 3016:Historic American Buildings Survey 2822:Historic American Buildings Survey 2389:Moritz, Owen (February 26, 1984). 1851:– via GardenStateLegacy.com. 1105:The kitchen inside the staff house 14: 3622:. Vol. 3. pp. 733–1354. 2476:Gottlieb, Martin (May 11, 1986). 1880:Chan, Sewell (October 26, 2007). 348:National Parks of New York Harbor 4081:Hospitals disestablished in 1930 3849: 3758:Hospital buildings, Ellis Island 3751: 3635: This article incorporates 3630: 3608:. Vol. 2. pp. 207–732. 3530:"Ellis Island Historic District" 3438:"Shadows Return to Ellis Island" 2545: 2407: 2372: 2287: 1730: 1498: 1134: 1122: 1110: 1098: 1086: 1074: 873:Recreation building and pavilion 295: 288: 267: 260: 236: 229: 4086:Defunct hospitals in New Jersey 2528:Seitz, Sharon (April 2, 1997). 2362:. December 2, 1962. p. 204 2090:"NSDAR Archives – Ellis Island" 1625:"New York in Brilliant Blaze". 1172:2014 work by JR at Ellis Island 522:. By September, the treasury's 411:Medical exclusion of immigrants 320:Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital 247:Port of New York and New Jersey 35:Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital 4101:United States Marine Hospitals 3836:St. Elizabeths Hospital (D.C.) 3594:. Vol. 1. pp. 1–206. 1376:Nightingale, Florence (1859). 801:New York Landmarks Conservancy 1: 4076:Hospitals established in 1902 2530:"Ellis Island mostly in N.J." 2108:"NSDAR Archives Ellis Island" 1842:Kaufmann, Susan (June 2013). 1685:"Ellis Island Plans Accepted" 768:Works Progress Administration 731:Ellis Island Committee Report 307:Show map of the United States 3714:Encyclopedia of Ellis Island 2611:. U.S. National Park Service 2533:Central New Jersey Home News 2246:Palmer, Carleton H. (1934). 1943:INS annual reports 1890–1892 1580:. U.S. National Park Service 864:Laundry-hospital outbuilding 505:Reconstruction and expansion 3544:Stakely, Tracy (May 2003). 3227:"Ellis Island's South Side" 3214:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 3177:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 3140:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 3116:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 3076:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 3039:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 2999:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 2939:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 2869:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 2725:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 2708:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 2691:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 2543:– via newspapers.com 2405:– via newspapers.com 2370:– via newspapers.com 2285:– via newspapers.com 2003:Robins & Urbanelli 1993 1728:– via newspapers.com 1720:. March 6, 1898. p. 11 1657:Lee, Antoinette J. (2000). 1496:– via newspapers.com 1216:Jersey City Reservoir No. 3 1008:to sanitize mattresses. In 980:Contagious disease hospital 760:Public Works Administration 4117: 3831:Freedmen's Hospital (D.C.) 1044:To the east are the eight 888:Measles wards (B, D, F, H) 882:Measles wards (A, C, G, E) 560:U.S. Public Health Service 404: 3847: 3653:Cannato, Vincent (2009). 2842:Belle & Finegold 1988 2250:. US Department of Labor. 1829:HABS Report Main Building 1574:"Ellis Island Chronology" 1561:Belle & Finegold 1988 891:Isolation wards (I, K, L) 492:First immigration station 223: 219: 215: 184: 145: 28: 4021:History of New York City 3580:. National Park Service. 3203:– via www.loc.gov. 3166:– via www.loc.gov. 3105:– via www.loc.gov. 3025:– via www.loc.gov. 2831:– via www.loc.gov. 2639:"Forgotten Ellis Island" 1141:The autopsy amphitheater 536:Edward Lippincott Tilton 510:New hospital on Island 2 140:http://www.nps.gov/elis/ 3416:www.saveellisisland.org 876:Office building; morgue 556:Marine Hospital Service 486:Marine Hospital Service 482:Immigration Act of 1891 471:Immigration Act of 1882 363:Marine Hospital Service 84:40.699556°N 74.039583°W 3711:Moreno, Barry (2004). 3682:Conway, Lorie (2007). 3637:public domain material 2391:"Ellis Island rebirth" 2150:Theatre Magazine 1918. 2134:Ireland, M.W. (1923). 1486:Democrat and Chronicle 1380:. J.W. Parker and Son. 1185:Forgotten Ellis Island 1173: 1165: 1026: 960: 937: 909: 901: 879:Powerhouse and laundry 870:Main hospital building 685:World War I: 1917–1920 402: 394: 386: 279:Show map of New Jersey 211:added October 15, 1965 191:U.S. National Monument 116:Architectural style(s) 103:7 ft (2.1 m) 3795:U.S. Marine Hospitals 3231:National Park Service 1714:"New Landing Station" 1313:National Park Service 1195:On October 29, 2019, 1171: 1163: 1024: 958: 935: 907: 855:Bakery-carpentry shop 815: 737:Franklin D. Roosevelt 524:supervising architect 405:Further information: 400: 392: 384: 344:National Park Service 324:USPHS Hospital No. 43 130:National Park Service 89:40.699556; -74.039583 3896:National Leprosarium 3760:at Wikimedia Commons 3659:. New York: Harper. 2738:"Ellis Island Today" 2260:NARA record group 79 1993:, pp. 504, 507. 1627:Buffalo Evening News 915:New York City Subway 793:World Monuments Fund 678:occupational therapy 516:Buffalo Evening News 401:View of the hospital 3641:Library of Congress 3469:. February 25, 2018 3284:Library of Congress 3056:Library of Congress 2979:Library of Congress 2770:Library of Congress 2395:New York Daily News 2360:New York Daily News 2311:. November 13, 1954 2203:, pp. 181–190. 2178:: 186 to 194. 1920. 2096:. December 1, 2014. 2022:. December 18, 1904 1482:"The First to Land" 1342:, pp. 975–976. 1283:on October 29, 2013 1188:, a documentary by 987:Italian Renaissance 741:Department of Labor 558:, which became the 80: / 3740:Ellis Island Opens 3495:. October 29, 2019 3442:The New York Times 3260:. October 15, 2014 2917:. December 9, 2006 2667:. October 15, 2014 2508:The New York Times 2482:The New York Times 2456:The New York Times 2430:The New York Times 2309:The New York Times 2191:, pp. 13–167. 2020:The New York Times 1780:. January 28, 1898 1778:The New York Times 1691:. December 8, 1897 1689:The New York Times 1604:The New York Times 1460:The New York Times 1396:The New York Times 1378:Notes on Hospitals 1174: 1166: 1027: 961: 938: 910: 902: 723:venereal disease. 676:provided a robust 666:Howard Andrew Knox 544:French Renaissance 463:the New York Times 458:Notes On Hospitals 403: 395: 387: 177:Reference no. 3998: 3997: 3888:Mississippi River 3756:Media related to 3724:978-0-313-32682-0 3695:978-0-06-124196-3 3666:978-0-06-074273-7 2742:Save Ellis Island 2727:, pp. 52–54. 2356:"Shrine for Sale" 1981:, pp. 48–49. 1462:. January 2, 1892 1436:. January 2, 2024 1398:. August 11, 1864 1315:. March 13, 2009. 1081:An isolation ward 867:Psychopathic ward 852:Baggage-dormitory 540:William A. Boring 528:James Knox Taylor 520:Bellevue Hospital 352:Save Ellis Island 316: 315: 4108: 3853: 3788: 3781: 3774: 3765: 3755: 3736: 3707: 3678: 3634: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3609: 3607: 3595: 3593: 3581: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3552: 3540: 3534: 3524: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3412:"HARD HAT TOURS" 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3392:. September 2014 3382: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3356: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3088: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2942: 2936: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2907: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2814: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2762: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2711: 2705: 2694: 2688: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2634: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2606: 2598: 2587: 2581: 2572: 2571: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2549: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2411: 2404: 2402: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2376: 2369: 2367: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2282: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2215: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2157: 2151: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2131: 2125: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2047: 2041: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1965: 1959: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1903: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1877: 1868: 1867: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1727: 1725: 1710: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1631: 1630: 1629:. June 15, 1897. 1622: 1616: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1549: 1548: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1495: 1493: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1329:. April 5, 2010. 1323: 1317: 1316: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1282: 1275: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1245: 1138: 1126: 1114: 1102: 1090: 1078: 928:General hospital 836: 829: 822: 641:Henry H. Goddard 442:Governors Island 308: 299: 298: 292: 280: 271: 270: 264: 252: 240: 239: 233: 172:October 15, 1966 120:Georgian Revival 95: 94: 92: 91: 90: 85: 81: 78: 77: 76: 73: 33: 21: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4106: 4105: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3961: 3943: 3905: 3882: 3854: 3845: 3797: 3792: 3748: 3725: 3710: 3696: 3681: 3667: 3652: 3649: 3647:Further reading 3631: 3628: 3619: 3612: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3584: 3575: 3565: 3556: 3554: 3550: 3543: 3532: 3527: 3518: 3514: 3509: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3467:www.cbsnews.com 3461: 3460: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3358: 3357: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3311:. April 9, 2008 3303: 3302: 3298: 3288: 3286: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3138: 3134: 3130:, p. 1253. 3126: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3090: 3089: 3082: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3010: 3009: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2964:, p. 1254. 2960: 2945: 2937: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2909: 2908: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2867: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2816: 2815: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2764: 2763: 2756: 2746: 2744: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2714: 2706: 2697: 2689: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2665:Untapped Cities 2659: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2642: 2637:Conway, Lorie. 2636: 2635: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2590: 2582: 2575: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2544: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2406: 2400: 2398: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2371: 2365: 2363: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2339: 2337: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2286: 2280: 2278: 2275:The Herald-News 2269: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2217: 2216: 2207: 2199: 2195: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2163:. p. 3602. 2159: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2061:, p. 1249. 2057: 2050: 2042: 2035: 2025: 2023: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1977: 1968: 1960: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1930: 1926: 1918: 1914: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1879: 1878: 1871: 1864:Modern Hospital 1861: 1860: 1856: 1848: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1827: 1826: 1822: 1814: 1805: 1797: 1793: 1783: 1781: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1729: 1723: 1721: 1712: 1711: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1671: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1643: 1634: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1609: 1607: 1606:. June 15, 1897 1598: 1597: 1593: 1583: 1581: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1559: 1552: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1516: 1509: 1497: 1491: 1489: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1465: 1463: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1439: 1437: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1415: 1411: 1401: 1399: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1358: 1350: 1346: 1338: 1334: 1325: 1324: 1320: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1254: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1207: 1158: 1149: 1142: 1139: 1130: 1127: 1118: 1115: 1106: 1103: 1094: 1091: 1082: 1079: 1019: 982: 930: 900: 849:Kitchen-laundry 841: 840: 810: 785:Donald P. Hodel 776: 745:Francis Perkins 735:When President 733: 704: 687: 637:eugenic beliefs 625: 608: 512: 507: 494: 434:Bedloe's Island 418: 413: 379: 346:as part of the 336:New York Harbor 322:(also known as 312: 311: 310: 309: 306: 305: 302: 301: 300: 283: 282: 281: 278: 277: 274: 273: 272: 255: 254: 253: 250: 249: 243: 242: 241: 193: 154: 88: 86: 82: 79: 74: 71: 69: 67: 66: 57:New York Harbor 47: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4114: 4112: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4003: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3959: 3953: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3915: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3864: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3821:Neponsit Beach 3818: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3747: 3746:External links 3744: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3723: 3708: 3694: 3679: 3665: 3648: 3645: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3610: 3596: 3573: 3563: 3541: 3525: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3480: 3454: 3428: 3403: 3377: 3348: 3322: 3309:New York Times 3296: 3271: 3243: 3218: 3206: 3181: 3169: 3144: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3080: 3068: 3043: 3028: 3003: 2991: 2966: 2943: 2928: 2899: 2887:New York Times 2873: 2858: 2846: 2834: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2754: 2729: 2712: 2695: 2678: 2652: 2622: 2588: 2573: 2554: 2520: 2494: 2468: 2442: 2416: 2381: 2347: 2322: 2296: 2262: 2253: 2238: 2224: 2205: 2193: 2181: 2166: 2152: 2143: 2126: 2117: 2099: 2081: 2063: 2048: 2033: 2007: 1995: 1983: 1966: 1945: 1936: 1934:, p. 185. 1924: 1922:, p. 425. 1912: 1898: 1886:New York Times 1869: 1854: 1834: 1820: 1803: 1791: 1765: 1739: 1718:New York World 1702: 1676: 1669: 1649: 1632: 1617: 1591: 1565: 1550: 1536: 1522: 1507: 1473: 1447: 1421: 1409: 1383: 1368: 1356: 1344: 1332: 1318: 1294: 1262: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1218: 1213: 1211:Hoffman Island 1206: 1203: 1198:The Today Show 1157: 1154: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1073: 1067:whooping cough 1018: 1015: 981: 978: 929: 926: 899: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 861:Ferry building 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 843: 839: 838: 831: 824: 816: 809: 806: 775: 772: 732: 729: 703: 700: 686: 683: 624: 621: 607: 604: 595:New York Times 511: 508: 506: 503: 493: 490: 460:and hailed by 450:Castle Clinton 417: 414: 378: 375: 314: 313: 303: 294: 293: 287: 286: 285: 284: 275: 266: 265: 259: 258: 257: 256: 244: 235: 234: 228: 227: 226: 225: 224: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 199: 195: 194: 189: 186: 185: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 150: 147: 146: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 126:Governing body 123: 122: 117: 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 64: 60: 59: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4113: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4006: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3980:San Francisco 3978: 3976: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3816:Staten Island 3814: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3789: 3784: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3715: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3618: 3617: 3611: 3604: 3603: 3597: 3590: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3549: 3548: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3443: 3439: 3432: 3429: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3337:. May 8, 2012 3336: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3216:, p. 66. 3215: 3210: 3207: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3182: 3179:, p. 65. 3178: 3173: 3170: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3142:, p. 64. 3141: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3121: 3118:, p. 63. 3117: 3112: 3109: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3078:, p. 62. 3077: 3072: 3069: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3041:, p. 61. 3040: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3017: 3013: 3007: 3004: 3001:, p. 60. 3000: 2995: 2992: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2941:, p. 59. 2940: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2874: 2871:, p. 58. 2870: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2856:, p. 65. 2855: 2850: 2847: 2844:, p. 16. 2843: 2838: 2835: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2804:, p. 44. 2803: 2798: 2795: 2792:, p. 16. 2791: 2786: 2783: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2743: 2739: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2710:, p. 51. 2709: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2693:, p. 50. 2692: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2666: 2662: 2656: 2653: 2640: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2610: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2586:, p. 73. 2585: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2558: 2555: 2548: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2524: 2521: 2509: 2505: 2498: 2495: 2483: 2479: 2472: 2469: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2443: 2431: 2427: 2420: 2417: 2410: 2396: 2392: 2385: 2382: 2375: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2336: 2332: 2326: 2323: 2310: 2306: 2300: 2297: 2290: 2276: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2249: 2242: 2239: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2220: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2182: 2177: 2170: 2167: 2162: 2156: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2130: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2103: 2100: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2046:, p. 51. 2045: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2021: 2017: 2011: 2008: 2005:, p. 25. 2004: 1999: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1913: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1887: 1883: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1858: 1855: 1847: 1846: 1838: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1818:, p. 43. 1817: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1801:, p. 18. 1800: 1795: 1792: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1759:September 28, 1752: 1751: 1743: 1740: 1733: 1719: 1715: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1690: 1686: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1670:0-19-512822-2 1666: 1662: 1661: 1653: 1650: 1647:, p. 37. 1646: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1621: 1618: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1592: 1579: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1563:, p. 13. 1562: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1532: 1526: 1523: 1520:, p. 29. 1519: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1501: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1461: 1457: 1451: 1448: 1435: 1431: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1410: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1379: 1372: 1369: 1366:, p. 16. 1365: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1333: 1328: 1322: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1298: 1295: 1279: 1272: 1266: 1263: 1250: 1244: 1241: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1170: 1162: 1155: 1153: 1147:Public access 1146: 1137: 1132: 1125: 1120: 1113: 1108: 1101: 1096: 1089: 1084: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059:scarlet fever 1054: 1050: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1023: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1002: 1000: 996: 995:pebble dashed 992: 988: 979: 977: 973: 971: 965: 957: 953: 951: 946: 944: 934: 927: 925: 921: 918: 916: 906: 897:Wall of Honor 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 846:Main building 845: 844: 837: 832: 830: 825: 823: 818: 817: 814: 807: 805: 802: 798: 794: 791:In 1996, the 789: 786: 782: 774:After closure 773: 771: 769: 765: 761: 756: 752: 748: 746: 742: 738: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 701: 699: 695: 691: 684: 682: 679: 675: 672:In 1923, the 670: 667: 663: 662:feeble-minded 659: 655: 651: 646: 642: 638: 633: 629: 622: 620: 616: 612: 605: 603: 599: 596: 592: 587: 585: 581: 577: 576:scarlet fever 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 552: 548: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 509: 504: 502: 498: 491: 489: 487: 483: 478: 476: 472: 467: 465: 464: 459: 455: 454:Ward's Island 451: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 415: 412: 408: 399: 391: 383: 376: 374: 370: 368: 364: 359: 355: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 291: 263: 248: 232: 222: 218: 214: 210: 203: 200: 198:Official name 192: 183: 179: 171: 164: 161: 159:Official name 153: 144: 141: 138: 134: 131: 128: 124: 121: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 93: 65: 61: 58: 54: 50: 46: 43: 39: 32: 27: 22: 19: 4011:Ellis Island 3985:Fort Stanton 3967:Western U.S. 3826:Ellis Island 3825: 3713: 3684: 3655: 3629: 3615: 3601: 3587: 3577: 3567: 3555:. Retrieved 3546: 3512:Bibliography 3499:December 25, 3497:. Retrieved 3492: 3483: 3471:. Retrieved 3466: 3457: 3445:. Retrieved 3441: 3431: 3419:. Retrieved 3415: 3406: 3394:. Retrieved 3389: 3380: 3368:. Retrieved 3363: 3339:. Retrieved 3334: 3325: 3313:. Retrieved 3308: 3299: 3287:. Retrieved 3283: 3274: 3262:. Retrieved 3257:PBS NewsHour 3255: 3246: 3234:. Retrieved 3230: 3221: 3209: 3197:. Retrieved 3193: 3184: 3172: 3160:. Retrieved 3156: 3147: 3135: 3123: 3111: 3099:. Retrieved 3095: 3071: 3059:. Retrieved 3055: 3046: 3019:. Retrieved 3015: 3006: 2994: 2982:. Retrieved 2978: 2969: 2919:. Retrieved 2914: 2890:. Retrieved 2886: 2876: 2854:Stakely 2003 2849: 2837: 2825:. Retrieved 2821: 2802:Stakely 2003 2797: 2785: 2773:. Retrieved 2769: 2745:. Retrieved 2741: 2732: 2669:. Retrieved 2664: 2655: 2643:. Retrieved 2613:. Retrieved 2608: 2584:Stakely 2003 2557: 2532: 2523: 2511:. Retrieved 2507: 2497: 2485:. Retrieved 2481: 2471: 2459:. Retrieved 2455: 2445: 2433:. Retrieved 2429: 2419: 2399:. Retrieved 2397:. p. 96 2394: 2384: 2364:. Retrieved 2359: 2350: 2338:. Retrieved 2334: 2325: 2313:. Retrieved 2308: 2299: 2279:. Retrieved 2274: 2265: 2256: 2247: 2241: 2232: 2227: 2218: 2196: 2184: 2175: 2169: 2160: 2155: 2146: 2136: 2129: 2120: 2111: 2102: 2093: 2084: 2075: 2066: 2044:Stakely 2003 2024:. Retrieved 2019: 2010: 1998: 1986: 1979:Stakely 2003 1964:, p. 5. 1939: 1927: 1915: 1906: 1901: 1889:. Retrieved 1885: 1863: 1857: 1844: 1837: 1828: 1823: 1816:Stakely 2003 1799:Stakely 2003 1794: 1782:. Retrieved 1777: 1768: 1757:, retrieved 1749: 1742: 1722:. Retrieved 1717: 1693:. Retrieved 1688: 1679: 1659: 1652: 1645:Stakely 2003 1626: 1620: 1608:. Retrieved 1603: 1594: 1582:. Retrieved 1577: 1568: 1544: 1539: 1530: 1525: 1518:Stakely 2003 1490:. Retrieved 1485: 1476: 1464:. Retrieved 1459: 1450: 1438:. Retrieved 1433: 1424: 1419:, p. 8. 1412: 1402:November 18, 1400:. Retrieved 1395: 1386: 1377: 1371: 1364:Stakely 2003 1359: 1347: 1335: 1321: 1306: 1297: 1285:. Retrieved 1278:the original 1265: 1253:. Retrieved 1243: 1220: 1197: 1194: 1190:Lorie Conway 1183: 1182: 1175: 1150: 1055: 1051: 1043: 1039: 1028: 1010:Tuberculosis 1003: 983: 974: 966: 962: 947: 939: 922: 919: 911: 808:Architecture 790: 777: 757: 753: 749: 734: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 702:1920 to 1930 696: 692: 688: 671: 645:Ellis Island 634: 630: 626: 617: 613: 609: 600: 594: 588: 568:tuberculosis 553: 549: 515: 513: 499: 495: 479: 474: 468: 461: 457: 446: 422:Ellis Island 419: 371: 360: 356: 332:Ellis Island 330:hospital on 323: 319: 317: 245:Location in 72:40°41′58.4″N 45:Ellis Island 24:Ellis Island 18: 3949:Great Lakes 3557:January 21, 3396:October 23, 3341:January 21, 3335:Scouting NY 3315:January 21, 3289:January 21, 3264:January 21, 3236:January 21, 3128:Unrau 1984c 2962:Unrau 1984c 2921:January 21, 2892:January 21, 2747:January 21, 2671:January 21, 2641:. PBS Films 2535:. pp. 2201:Unrau 1984a 2189:Unrau 1984a 2059:Unrau 1984c 1991:Unrau 1984b 1932:Unrau 1984a 1920:Unrau 1984b 1434:www.cdc.gov 1417:Unrau 1984a 1340:Unrau 1984c 1287:January 26, 1225:, 2015 film 894:Staff House 532:Tarsney Act 426:the Battery 87: / 75:74°2′22.5″W 63:Coordinates 55:, U.S., in 49:Jersey City 4005:Categories 3939:Pittsburgh 3929:Cincinnati 3924:Louisville 3911:Ohio River 3878:Fort Worth 3873:Nassau Bay 3860:Gulf Coast 3841:Charleston 3803:East Coast 2645:October 2, 1891:October 1, 1866:: 313–317. 1255:January 1, 1230:References 1063:diphtheria 1031:dispensary 1017:Structures 943:I.P. Frink 858:Powerhouse 584:diphtheria 208:Designated 169:Designated 53:New Jersey 3934:Lexington 3704:141177853 3675:232977448 3493:TODAY.com 2568:398704495 1610:March 22, 1353:See chart 1049:kitchen. 1006:autoclave 997:walls of 991:roughcast 623:1912–1917 591:autoclave 430:Fort Wood 100:Elevation 3811:Portland 3733:55671941 3473:June 16, 3447:June 16, 3421:June 16, 3370:June 16, 3199:June 14, 3162:June 14, 3101:June 14, 3061:June 14, 3021:June 14, 2984:June 14, 2827:June 13, 2775:June 13, 2564:ProQuest 1440:June 20, 1205:See also 1156:In media 781:Sheraton 764:New Deal 762:and the 654:imbecile 572:trachoma 438:Fort Jay 326:) was a 180:66000058 41:Location 3990:Lahaina 3975:Seattle 3957:Detroit 3919:Paducah 3901:Memphis 3571:. 2005. 2615:June 3, 2513:June 8, 2487:June 8, 2461:June 8, 2435:June 8, 2401:June 5, 2366:June 5, 2340:June 7, 2315:June 7, 2281:June 5, 2026:June 6, 1784:June 6, 1724:June 5, 1695:June 6, 1584:June 4, 1547:. 1983. 1533:. 1893. 1492:June 5, 1466:June 5, 1046:measles 766:of the 564:measles 377:History 136:Website 3868:Mobile 3731: 3721: 3702: 3692: 3673: 3663: 3390:NJ.com 2566: 1667: 1251:. USGS 1035:morgue 999:stucco 950:quoins 582:, and 436:, and 409:, and 3620:(PDF) 3606:(PDF) 3592:(PDF) 3551:(PDF) 3533:(PDF) 2605:(PDF) 1849:(PDF) 1754:(PDF) 1281:(PDF) 1274:(PDF) 1235:Notes 1222:Ellis 660:, or 658:moron 650:idiot 580:Favus 334:, in 108:Built 3729:OCLC 3719:ISBN 3700:OCLC 3690:ISBN 3671:OCLC 3661:ISBN 3559:2018 3501:2019 3475:2019 3449:2019 3423:2019 3398:2017 3372:2019 3343:2018 3317:2018 3291:2018 3266:2018 3238:2018 3201:2019 3164:2019 3103:2019 3063:2019 3023:2019 2986:2019 2923:2018 2894:2018 2829:2019 2777:2019 2749:2018 2673:2018 2647:2014 2617:2019 2515:2019 2489:2019 2463:2019 2437:2019 2403:2019 2368:2019 2342:2019 2335:Time 2317:2019 2283:2019 2028:2019 1893:2014 1786:2019 1761:2011 1726:2019 1697:2019 1665:ISBN 1612:2018 1586:2019 1494:2019 1468:2019 1442:2024 1404:2019 1289:2014 1257:2011 970:brig 835:edit 828:talk 821:view 538:and 480:The 416:Need 318:The 111:1900 2915:NPR 993:or 440:on 432:on 4007:: 3727:. 3698:. 3669:. 3643:. 3535:. 3491:. 3465:. 3440:. 3414:. 3388:. 3362:. 3351:^ 3333:. 3307:. 3282:. 3254:. 3229:. 3192:. 3155:. 3094:. 3083:^ 3054:. 3031:^ 3014:. 2977:. 2946:^ 2931:^ 2913:. 2902:^ 2885:. 2861:^ 2820:. 2809:^ 2768:. 2757:^ 2740:. 2715:^ 2698:^ 2681:^ 2663:. 2625:^ 2607:. 2591:^ 2576:^ 2539:, 2506:. 2480:. 2454:. 2428:. 2393:. 2358:. 2333:. 2307:. 2273:. 2208:^ 2110:. 2092:. 2074:. 2051:^ 2036:^ 2018:. 1969:^ 1948:^ 1884:. 1872:^ 1806:^ 1776:. 1716:. 1705:^ 1687:. 1635:^ 1602:. 1576:. 1553:^ 1510:^ 1484:. 1458:. 1432:. 1394:. 1311:. 1305:. 1178:JR 1061:, 972:. 945:. 656:, 652:, 578:, 574:, 570:, 566:, 526:, 428:, 51:, 3787:e 3780:t 3773:v 3735:. 3706:. 3677:. 3561:. 3539:. 3503:. 3477:. 3451:. 3425:. 3400:. 3374:. 3345:. 3319:. 3293:. 3268:. 3240:. 3065:. 2988:. 2925:. 2896:. 2779:. 2751:. 2675:. 2649:. 2619:. 2570:. 2551:. 2541:6 2537:1 2517:. 2491:. 2465:. 2439:. 2413:. 2378:. 2344:. 2319:. 2293:. 2114:. 2078:. 2030:. 1895:. 1788:. 1736:. 1699:. 1673:. 1614:. 1588:. 1504:. 1470:. 1444:. 1406:. 1291:. 1259:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge (XXG)

Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital

Index