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226:. Several of the company's technicians examined the enhanced prints, and although they agreed with Snelling that the pictures "showed no signs of being faked", they concluded that "this could not be taken as conclusive evidence ... that they were authentic photographs of fairies". Kodak declined to issue a certificate of authenticity. Gardner believed that the Kodak technicians might not have examined the photographs entirely objectively, observing that one had commented "after all, as fairies couldn't be true, the photographs must have been faked somehow". The prints were also examined by another photographic company,
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as to say that the photographs showed fairies, stating only that "these are straight forward photographs of whatever was in front of the camera at the time". Gardner had the prints "clarified" by
Snelling, and new negatives produced, "more conducive to printing", for use in the illustrated lectures he gave around the UK. Snelling supplied the photographic prints which were available for sale at Gardner's lectures.
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219:. Doyle contacted Gardner in June 1920 to determine the background to the photographs, and wrote to Elsie and her father to request permission from the latter to use the prints in his article. Arthur Wright was "obviously impressed" that Doyle was involved, and gave his permission for publication, but he refused payment on the grounds that, if genuine, the images should not be "soiled" by money.
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his camera again, and this time returned with a photograph of Elsie sitting on the lawn holding out her hand to a 1-foot-tall (30 cm) gnome. Exasperated by what he believed to be "nothing but a prank", and convinced that the girls must have tampered with his camera in some way, Arthur Wright refused to lend it to them again. His wife Polly, however, believed the photographs to be authentic.
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626:: "Two village kids and a brilliant man like Conan Doyle – well, we could only keep quiet." In the same interview Frances said: "I never even thought of it as being a fraud – it was just Elsie and I having a bit of fun and I can't understand to this day why they were taken in – they wanted to be taken in."
466:
By now Elsie and
Frances were tired of the whole fairy business. Years later Elsie looked at a photograph of herself and Frances taken with Hodson and said: "Look at that, fed up with fairies." Both Elsie and Frances later admitted that they "played along" with Hodson "out of mischief", and that they
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decided to take the fairy photographs and the girls at face value. In a letter to
Gardner he wrote: "Look at Alice's face. Look at Iris's face. There is an extraordinary thing called Truth which has 10 million faces and forms – it is God's currency and the cleverest coiner or forger can't
394:
The recognition of their existence will jolt the material twentieth-century mind out of its heavy ruts in the mud, and will make it admit that there is a glamour and mystery to life. Having discovered this, the world will not find it so difficult to accept that spiritual message supported by physical
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I went off, to
Cottingley again, taking the two cameras and plates from London, and met the family and explained to the two girls the simple working of the cameras, giving one each to keep. The cameras were loaded, and my final advice was that they need go up to the glen only on fine days as they had
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the fairies, as they called their way of attracting them, and see what they could get. I suggested only the most obvious and easy precautions about lighting and distance, for I knew it was essential they should feel free and unhampered and have no burden of responsibility. If nothing came of it all,
140:
I am learning French, Geometry, Cookery and
Algebra at school now. Dad came home from France the other week after being there ten months, and we all think the war will be over in a few days ... I am sending two photos, both of me, one of me in a bathing costume in our back yard, while the other
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contained two higher-resolution prints of the 1917 photographs, and sold out within days of publication. To protect the girls' anonymity, Frances and Elsie were called Alice and Iris respectively, and the Wright family was referred to as the "Carpenters". An enthusiastic and committed spiritualist,
356:
My heart was gladdened when out here in far
Australia I had your note and the three wonderful pictures which are confirmatory of our published results. When our fairies are admitted other psychic phenomena will find a more ready acceptance ... We have had continued messages at seances for some
185:
Gardner sent the prints along with the original glass-plate negatives to Harold
Snelling, a photography expert. Snelling's opinion was that "the two negatives are entirely genuine, unfaked photographs ... no trace whatsoever of studio work involving card or paper models". He did not go so far
134:
he developed showed
Frances behind a bush in the foreground, on which four fairies appeared to be dancing. Knowing his daughter's artistic ability, and that she had spent some time working in a photographer's studio, he dismissed the figures as cardboard cutouts. Two months later the girls borrowed
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Until 19 August the weather was unsuitable for photography. Because
Frances and Elsie insisted that the fairies would not show themselves if others were watching, Elsie's mother was persuaded to visit her sister's for tea, leaving the girls alone. In her absence the girls took several photographs,
438:
On the evidence I have no hesitation in saying that these photographs could have been "faked". I criticize the attitude of those who declared there is something supernatural in the circumstances attending to the taking of these pictures because, as a medical man, I believe that the inculcation of
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Gardner believed the Wright family to be honest and respectable. To place the matter of the photographs' authenticity beyond doubt, he returned to
Cottingley at the end of July with two W. Butcher & Sons Cameo folding plate cameras and 24 secretly marked photographic plates. Frances was
88:
In the early 1980s Elsie and Frances admitted that the photographs were faked, using cardboard cutouts of fairies copied from a popular children's book of the time, but Frances maintained that the fifth and final photograph was genuine. As of 2019 the photographs and the cameras used are in the
564:
Seated on the upper left hand edge with wing well displayed is an undraped fairy apparently considering whether it is time to get up. An earlier riser of more mature age is seen on the right possessing abundant hair and wonderful wings. Her slightly denser body can be glimpsed within her fairy
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newspaper traced Elsie, who was by then back in England. She admitted in an interview given that year that the fairies might have been "figments of my imagination", but left open the possibility she believed that she had somehow managed to photograph her thoughts. The media subsequently became
175:
the fact that two young girls had not only been able to see fairies, which others had done, but had actually for the first time ever been able to materialise them at a density sufficient for their images to be recorded on a photographic plate, meant that it was possible that the next cycle of
1984:
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in Bradford. The lecture that evening was on "fairy life", and at the end of the meeting Polly Wright showed the two fairy photographs taken by her daughter and niece to the speaker. As a result, the photographs were displayed at the society's annual conference in
675:, that she believed, as her mother had done, that the fairies in the fifth photograph were genuine. Atterbury estimated the value of the items at between £25,000 and £30,000. The first edition of Frances's memoirs was published a few months later, under the title
295:, but Elsie's father told Gardner that he had been so certain the photographs were fakes that while the girls were away he searched their bedroom and the area around the beck (stream), looking for scraps of pictures or cutouts, but found nothing "incriminating".
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In 2017 a further two fairy photographs were presented as evidence that the girls' parents were part of the conspiracy. Dating from 1917 and 1918, both photographs are poorly executed copies of two of the original fairy photographs. One was published in 1918 in
122:
at the bottom of the garden, much to their mothers' annoyance, because they frequently came back with wet feet and clothes. Frances and Elsie said they only went to the beck to see the fairies, and to prove it, Elsie borrowed her father's camera, a Midg
230:, who reported unequivocally that there was "some evidence of faking". Gardner and Doyle, perhaps rather optimistically, interpreted the results of the three expert evaluations as two in favour of the photographs' authenticity and one against.
1005:
523:, undertook a "major scientific investigation of the photographs and the events surrounding them", published between 1982 and 1983, "the first major postwar analysis of the affair". He also concluded that the pictures were fakes.
77:
Interest in the Cottingley Fairies gradually declined after 1921. Both girls married and lived abroad for a time after they grew up, and yet the photographs continued to hold the public imagination. In 1966 a reporter from the
414:
on 5 January 1921 expressed a similar view; "For the true explanation of these fairy photographs what is wanted is not a knowledge of occult phenomena but a knowledge of children." Some public figures were more sympathetic.
399:
Early press coverage was "mixed", generally a combination of "embarrassment and puzzlement"; though Japanese scholar Kaori Inuma has noted that there were also open and positive assessments. The historical novelist and poet
155:, South Africa, where Frances had lived for most of her life, enclosing the photograph of herself with the fairies. On the back she wrote "It is funny, I never used to see them in Africa. It must be too hot for them there."
475:
Public interest in the Cottingley Fairies gradually subsided after 1921. Elsie and Frances both eventually married, moved away from the area and each lived overseas for varying periods of time. In 1966, a reporter from the
113:
In mid-1917 nine-year-old Frances Griffiths and her mother – both newly arrived in the UK from South Africa – were staying with Frances's aunt, Elsie Wright's mother, Polly, in the village of
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In 2019, a print of the first of the five photographs sold for £1,050. A print of the second was also put up for sale but failed to sell as it did not meet its £500 reserve price. The pictures previously belonged to the
510:
84:
newspaper traced Elsie, who had by then returned to the United Kingdom. Elsie left open the possibility that she believed she had photographed her thoughts, and the media once again became interested in the story.
451:. As before, the photographs were received with mixed credulity. Sceptics noted that the fairies "looked suspiciously like the traditional fairies of nursery tales" and that they had "very fashionable hairstyles".
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It was a wet Saturday afternoon and we were just mooching about with our cameras and Elsie had nothing prepared. I saw these fairies building up in the grasses and just aimed the camera and took a photograph.
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I hated those photographs from the age of 16 when Mr Gardner presented me with a bunch of flowers and wanted me to sit on the platform with him. I realised what I was in for if I did not keep myself hidden.
646:, were sold at auction in London for £21,620 in 1998. That same year, Geoffrey Crawley sold his Cottingley Fairy material to the National Museum of Film, Photography and Television in Bradford (now the
654:
of fairies painted by Elsie, and a nine-page letter from Elsie admitting to the hoax. The glass photographic plates were bought for £6,000 by an unnamed buyer at a London auction held in 2001.
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that the photographs had been faked, although both maintained that they really had seen fairies. Elsie had copied illustrations of dancing girls from a popular children's book of the time,
291:
Doyle was preoccupied with organising an imminent lecture tour of Australia, and in July 1920, sent Gardner to meet the Wright family. By this point, Frances was living with her parents in
463:. Although neither of the girls claimed to see any fairies, and there were no more photographs, "on the contrary, he saw them everywhere" and wrote voluminous notes on his observations.
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Doyle hoped that if the photographs convinced the public of the existence of fairies then they might more readily accept other psychic phenomena. He ended his article with the words:
911:
408:, in which he concluded: "And knowing children, and knowing that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has legs, I decide that the Miss Carpenters have pulled one of them." The London newspaper
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invited to stay with the Wright family during the school summer holiday so that she and Elsie could take more pictures of the fairies. Gardner described his briefing in his 1945
491:
programme investigated the case in 1971, but Elsie stuck to her story: "I've told you that they're photographs of figments of our imagination, and that's what I'm sticking to".
1374:
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is that humanity is undergoing a cycle of evolution, towards increasing "perfection", and Gardner recognised the potential significance of the photographs for the movement:
1802:"Skeptoid #805: The Cottingley Fairies: Analysis of a Famous Hoax: The true and weird history of the two girls who fooled the world with their fairy photographs in 1917"
513:
examined the photographs, using a "computer enhancement process". They concluded that the photographs were fakes, and that strings could be seen supporting the fairies.
459:
Gardner made a final visit to Cottingley in August 1921. He again brought cameras and photographic plates for Frances and Elsie, but was accompanied by the occultist
244:, who believed the photographs to be fake. He suggested that a troupe of dancers had masqueraded as fairies, and expressed doubt as to their "distinctly 'Parisienne
721:, a series of letters were written soon after the Cottingley fairy photographs were published claiming further sightings of fairies and proof of their existence.
1343:
618:
556:, disposing of their props in the beck once the photograph had been taken. But the cousins disagreed about the fifth and final photograph, which Doyle in his
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to write an article on fairies for their Christmas issue, and the fairy photographs "must have seemed like a godsend" according to broadcaster and historian
642:
Frances died in 1986, and Elsie in 1988. Prints of their photographs of the fairies, along with a few other items including a first edition of Doyle's book
502:. When pressed, both women agreed that "a rational person doesn't see fairies", but they denied having fabricated the photographs. In 1978 the magician and
591:
Elsie maintained it was a fake, just like all the others, but Frances insisted that it was genuine. In an interview given in the early 1980s Frances said:
52:
in England. In 1917, when the first two photographs were taken, Elsie was 16 years old and Frances was 9. The pictures came to the attention of writer Sir
1117:
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419:, the educational and social reformer, wrote: "How wonderful that to these dear children such a wonderful gift has been vouchsafed." The novelist
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appear in a series of five photographs taken by Elsie Wright (1901–1988) and Frances Griffiths (1907–1986), two young cousins who lived in
1686:
Ansley, William H. (2003), "Little, Big Girl: The Influence of the Alice Books and Other Works of Lewis Carroll on John Crowley's Novel
341:, shows a fairy either hovering or tiptoeing on a branch, and offering Elsie a flower. Two days later the girls took the last picture,
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such absurd ideas into the minds of children will result in later life in manifestations and nervous disorder and mental disturbances.
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167:, held a few months later. There they came to the attention of a leading member of the society, Edward Gardner. One of the central
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The plates were packed in cotton wool and returned to Gardner in London, who sent an "ecstatic" telegram to Doyle, by then in
2035:
1969:
679:. The book contains correspondence, sometimes "bitter", between Elsie and Frances. In one letter, dated 1983, Frances wrote:
519:
1521:
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newspaper on 9 April 1983, Geoffrey Crawley explained the discrepancy by suggesting that the photograph was "an unintended
552:, published in 1914, and drew wings on them. They said they had then cut out the cardboard figures and supported them with
1793:". In: Afterlife: 18th Postgraduate Religion and Theology Conference, 8–9 March 2013, University of Bristol. (Unpublished)
699:
were inspired by the events surrounding the Cottingley Fairies. The photographs were parodied in a 1994 book written by
292:
1495:
2020:
1954:
1960:
1875:
Owen, Alex ''Borderland Forms': Arthur Conan Doyle, Albion's Daughters, and the Politics of the Cottingley Fairies',
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in January 2009, with the photographs and one of the cameras given to the girls by Doyle. Christine told the expert,
74:
phenomena. Public reaction was mixed; some accepted the images as genuine, others believed that they had been faked.
739:. In December 2019, the third camera used to take the images was acquired by the National Science and Media Museum.
650:), where it is on display. The collection included prints of the photographs, two of the cameras used by the girls,
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2025:
2015:
1791:
Sprites, spiritualists and sleuths: the intersecting ownership of transcendent proofs in the Cottingley Fairy Fraud
1165:
544:
410:
36:
The first of the five photographs, taken by Elsie Wright in 1917, shows Frances Griffiths with the alleged fairies.
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of fairy cutouts in the grass", and thus "both ladies can be quite sincere in believing that they each took it".
1015:
2045:
1236:
580:
447:, in which he described other accounts of fairy sightings. The article formed the foundation for his 1922 book
1554:
622:, Elsie said that she and Frances were too embarrassed to admit the truth after fooling Doyle, the author of
130:
Elsie's father, Arthur, was a keen amateur photographer, and had set up his own darkroom. The picture on the
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1839:
Inuma, Kaori “Fairies to Be Photographed!: Press Reactions in ‘Scrapbooks’ to the Cottingley Fairies,”
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newspaper, which was before the originals had been seen by anyone outside the girls' immediate family.
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45:
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70:, was enthusiastic about the photographs, and interpreted them as clear and visible evidence of
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in West Yorkshire; Elsie was then 16 years old. The two girls often played together beside the
2005:
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1749:
1731:
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427:
416:
2010:
1892:
1883:
Sanderson, S.F. (1973), "The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: A Re-Appraisal of the Evidence",
1762:
Smith, Paul (1997), "The Cottingley Fairies: The End of a Legend", in Narváez, Peter (ed.),
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1348:
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Both Frances and Elsie claimed to have taken the fifth photograph. In a letter published in
514:
241:
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1973:
1222:“Fairies to Be Photographed!: Press Reactions in ‘Scrapbooks’ to the Cottingley Fairies,”
1122:
623:
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495:
460:
401:
260:
158:
The photographs became public in mid-1919, after Elsie's mother attended a meeting of the
1166:"The Coming of the Fairies: An Alternative View of the Episode of the Cottingley Fairies"
1924:
657:
Frances's daughter, Christine Lynch, appeared in an episode of the television programme
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1999:
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1966:
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333:, Frances is shown in profile with a winged fairy close by her nose. The second,
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Gardner and Doyle sought a second expert opinion from the photographic company
151:
Towards the end of 1918, Frances sent a letter to Johanna Parvin, a friend in
1948: (the original source of the drawings) – eBook in different formats at
1929: – scans of the original version of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's book (1922)
1338:
1169:
601:
349:
234:
168:
164:
152:
105:
17:
1937: – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's book as an eBook in different formats at
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443:
Doyle used the later photographs in 1921 to illustrate a second article in
205:
learned of the photographs from the editor of the spiritualist publication
1990:
1832:
Homer, Michael W. and Massimo Introvigne, 'The Recoming of the Fairies',
1036:
Dominic Winter Auctioneer website, Sale Results, retrieved 26 March 2019.
283:
sold for a hammer price of £15,000 (plus 24% buyer's premium incl. VAT).
109:
Cottingley Beck, where Frances and Elsie claimed to have seen the fairies
94:
49:
1482:
668:
664:
535:
One of Claude Arthur Shepperson's illustrations of dancing girls, from
71:
542:
In 1983, the cousins admitted in an article published in the magazine
511:
Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal
1943:
1932:
1801:
553:
193:
The second of the five photographs, showing Elsie with a winged gnome
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lectures, were expected to bring £700–£1000 each. As it turned out,
60:
he had been commissioned to write for the Christmas 1920 edition of
633:
579:
568:
530:
431:
373:
365:
297:
188:
104:
57:
27:
Faked photographs of fairies by Elsie Wright and Frances Griffiths
1790:
1006:"For Sale: Legendary Photographic 'Proof' of Fairies and Gnomes"
127:. The girls returned about 30 minutes later, "triumphant".
1870:
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Secret of the Cottingley Fairies
1660:"Museum acquires final camera in the Cottingley Fairies story"
482:
263:. The prints, suspected to have been made in 1920 to sell at
834:
832:
1841:
Correspondence: Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Literature
1333:"Fairies, Phantoms, and Fantastic Photographs". Presenter:
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1257:
1224:
Correspondence: Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Literature
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interested in Frances and Elsie's photographs once again.
766:
764:
576:, the fifth and last photograph of the Cottingley Fairies
146:
Letter from Frances Griffiths to a friend in South Africa
1662:. The National Science and Media Museum. 9 December 2019
584:
Comparison of Cottingley Fairies and illustrations from
1690:", in Turner, Alice K.; Andre-Druissi, Michael (eds.),
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
987:
985:
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793:
791:
404:
published a series of articles in the literary journal
1768:, The University Press of Kentucky, pp. 371–405,
878:
876:
851:
849:
847:
1074:
Cooper, Joe (1982), "Cottingley: At Last the Truth",
329:
two of which appeared to show fairies. In the first,
1618:(1 December 2017), "The Conspiracy of the Fairies",
370:
The first page of Doyle's article in Strand Magazine
251:
On 4 October 2018 the first two of the photographs,
1851:The Fairy Ring or Elsie and Frances Fool the World
1848:
1815:Griffiths, Frances Mary; Lynch, Christine (2009),
811:"Episode 229: A Glamour and a Mystery (7.28.2023)"
259:were to be sold by Dominic Winter Auctioneers, in
2051:Works originally published in The Strand Magazine
494:Elsie and Frances were interviewed by journalist
1168:, The Arthur Conan Doyle Society, archived from
498:in September 1976, for a programme broadcast on
434:in Britain, was a particularly vigorous critic:
1963:at Cottingley.Net – The Cottingley Network
681:
593:
562:
436:
392:
354:
316:
173:
138:
1589:"Cottingley Fairies in chilling fantasy novel"
385:Doyle's article in the December 1920 issue of
141:is me with some fairies. Elsie took that one.
638:Elsie Wright and Frances Griffiths, June 1917
8:
1498:, express.co.uk, 10 May 2009, archived from
395:facts which have already been put before it.
357:time that a visible sign was coming through.
56:, who used them to illustrate an article on
1638:"Fake fairies photo print sells for £1,000"
1004:Hester, Jessica Leigh (28 September 2018).
1522:"Cottingley Fairies Back in the Spotlight"
1344:Arthur C. Clarke's World of Strange Powers
905:
903:
619:Arthur C. Clarke's World of Strange Powers
1957:at The James Randi Educational Foundation
1692:Snakes-Hands: The Fiction of John Crowley
1294:
1267:
1239:, Birmingham City Council, archived from
1103:
1088:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1048:
972:
945:
867:
838:
770:
755:
380:Fairy Offering Posy of Harebells to Elsie
324:I told them, they were not to mind a bit.
233:Doyle also showed the photographs to the
1159:
1157:
31:
797:
782:
748:
1912:Fairy Investigation Society Newsletter
1910:Sugg, Richard 'Cottingley Revisited',
1688:Little Big, or The Fairies' Parliament
1574:
1817:Reflections on the Cottingley Fairies
1765:The Good People: New Fairylore Essays
1360:
1318:
1306:
1279:
1210:
1198:
1148:
991:
957:
933:
894:
882:
855:
677:Reflections on the Cottingley Fairies
430:, a keen photographer and pioneer of
7:
709:Lady Cottington's Pressed Fairy Book
1746:World Famous Supernatural Mysteries
1485:. 4 January 2009. No. 17, series 31
1955:The Case of the Cottingley Fairies
1694:, Cosmos Books, pp. 165–203,
1587:Clayton, Emma (23 February 2021).
25:
2041:Photography in the United Kingdom
1116:Doyle, A. Conan (December 1920).
648:National Science and Media Museum
319:been accustomed to do before and
209:. Doyle had been commissioned by
91:National Science and Media Museum
1979:
1712:, University of Nebraska Press,
1399:"'Fairy' fakes sell for fortune"
912:"More to Discover about Fairies"
1545:Klein, Andy (23 October 1997),
1449:"'Fairy' pictures fetch £6,000"
1375:"Secrets of Two Famous Hoaxers"
312:Fairies: A Book of Real Fairies
1547:"Fairy, Fairy, Quite Contrary"
1526:Bradford Telegraph & Argus
1520:Clayton, Emma (14 July 2009),
1428:Bradford Telegraph & Argus
1373:Hewson, David (4 April 1983),
1351:. 22 May 1985. No. 6, season 1
520:British Journal of Photography
1:
1897:10.1080/0015587X.1973.9716501
1728:Fakers, Forgers & Phoneys
1708:Doyle, Arthur Conan (2006) ,
331:Frances and the Leaping Fairy
303:Frances and the Leaping Fairy
1872:(NP, 2021), ISBN 1548818941.
1424:"Sorry, Mel – they're ours!"
2031:Black-and-white photographs
1989:public domain audiobook at
454:
2087:
1789:Bihet, Francesca (2013). "
1744:Prashad, Sukhadev (2008),
1726:Magnusson, Magnus (2006),
574:Fairies and Their Sun-Bath
343:Fairies and Their Sun-Bath
1986:The Coming of the Fairies
1945:Princess Mary's Gift Book
1934:The Coming of the Fairies
1926:The Coming of the Fairies
1730:, Mainstream Publishing,
1710:The Coming of the Fairies
1237:"Major John Hall-Edwards"
737:Reverend George Vale Owen
644:The Coming of the Fairies
586:Princess Mary's Gift Book
558:The Coming of the Fairies
550:Princess Mary's Gift Book
537:Princess Mary's Gift Book
467:considered him "a fake".
449:The Coming of the Fairies
432:medical X-ray treatments
362:Publication and reaction
1972:4 February 2012 at the
1496:"Cursed by the Fairies"
923:(subscription required)
690:FairyTale: A True Story
612:In a 1985 interview on
560:described in this way:
428:Major John Hall-Edwards
421:Henry De Vere Stacpoole
406:John O' London's Weekly
378:The fourth photograph,
335:Fairy offering Posy of
176:evolution was underway.
1118:"Fairies Photographed"
685:
639:
597:
588:
577:
567:
539:
441:
397:
382:
371:
359:
326:
306:
305:, the third photograph
194:
178:
143:
110:
37:
2036:Photography forgeries
1976:at Cottingley Connect
1847:Losure, Mary (2012),
1594:Telegraph & Argus
718:The Cottingley Cuckoo
696:Photographing Fairies
637:
583:
572:
534:
455:Gardner's final visit
377:
369:
301:
281:Alice and the Fairies
253:Alice and the Fairies
197:Author and prominent
192:
108:
35:
1834:Theosophical History
1819:, JMJ Publications,
1243:on 28 September 2012
1172:on 17 September 2010
614:Yorkshire Television
509:and a team from the
500:Yorkshire Television
471:Later investigations
352:. Doyle wrote back:
275:of £5,400 (plus 24%
239:psychical researcher
181:Initial examinations
169:beliefs of theosophy
160:Theosophical Society
1900:, pp. 89–103,
1800:(9 November 2021).
910:Crawley, Geoffrey,
269:Iris with the Gnome
257:Iris and the Gnome,
212:The Strand Magazine
89:collections of the
63:The Strand Magazine
2021:Arthur Conan Doyle
1967:Cottingley Fairies
1961:Cottingley Fairies
1891:(Summer): 89–103,
1640:. 13 December 2019
1620:Skeptical Inquirer
1309:, pp. 394–395
1091:, pp. 102–103
640:
630:Subsequent history
589:
578:
540:
504:scientific sceptic
383:
372:
307:
279:incl. VAT), while
203:Arthur Conan Doyle
195:
132:photographic plate
111:
54:Arthur Conan Doyle
42:Cottingley Fairies
38:
2071:1910s photographs
2026:Hoaxes in England
2016:Paranormal hoaxes
1950:Project Gutenberg
1939:Project Gutenberg
1879:38 (1994), 48–85.
1862:978-0-7636-5670-6
1826:978-1-899228-06-5
1775:978-0-8131-0939-8
1755:978-81-223-0559-3
1719:978-0-8032-6655-1
1701:978-1-59224-051-7
1616:Polidoro, Massimo
1551:Phoenix New Times
1474:Antiques Roadshow
1078:(117): 2, 338–340
1018:on 3 October 2018
948:, pp. 99–100
660:Antiques Roadshow
417:Margaret McMillan
16:(Redirected from
2078:
1983:
1982:
1899:
1877:History Workshop
1865:
1854:
1843:4 (2019), 53–84.
1836:6 (1996), 59–76.
1829:
1811:
1778:
1758:
1748:, Pustak Mahal,
1740:
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1557:on 17 March 2015
1553:, archived from
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1295:Magnusson (2006)
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1164:Roden, Barbara,
1161:
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1014:. Archived from
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973:Magnusson (2006)
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841:, pp. 98–99
839:Magnusson (2006)
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786:
780:
774:
771:Magnusson (2006)
768:
759:
758:, pp. 97–98
756:Magnusson (2006)
753:
517:, editor of the
515:Geoffrey Crawley
287:1920 photographs
247:
242:Sir Oliver Lodge
217:Magnus Magnusson
147:
101:1917 photographs
21:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2046:1917 in England
1996:
1995:
1980:
1974:Wayback Machine
1921:
1914:6 (2017), 19–25
1882:
1863:
1846:
1827:
1814:
1796:
1786:
1784:Further reading
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1123:Strand Magazine
1115:
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1076:The Unexplained
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777:
769:
762:
754:
750:
745:
715:'s 2021 novel,
687:The 1997 films
667:, broadcast on
632:
624:Sherlock Holmes
607:double exposure
545:The Unexplained
529:
496:Austin Mitchell
473:
461:Geoffrey Hodson
457:
402:Maurice Hewlett
364:
289:
277:buyer's premium
261:Gloucestershire
245:
237:and pioneering
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1919:External links
1917:
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1873:
1868:Maher, F. R.,
1866:
1861:
1855:, Candlewick,
1844:
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1798:Dunning, Brian
1794:
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1502:on 29 May 2012
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1405:, 16 July 1998
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817:. 28 July 2023
802:
798:Prashad (2008)
787:
783:Prashad (2008)
775:
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673:Paul Atterbury
631:
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248:" hairstyles.
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66:. Doyle, as a
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1575:Ansley (2003)
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1477:. Presenter:
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1011:Atlas Obscura
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485:television's
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2056:1910s hoaxes
1985:
1944:
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1691:
1687:
1679:Bibliography
1664:. Retrieved
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1592:
1582:
1570:
1559:, retrieved
1555:the original
1550:
1540:
1529:, retrieved
1525:
1515:
1504:, retrieved
1500:the original
1490:
1472:
1468:
1457:, retrieved
1452:
1443:
1432:, retrieved
1427:
1418:
1407:, retrieved
1402:
1393:
1382:, retrieved
1378:
1368:
1361:Doyle (2006)
1356:
1342:
1337:. Narrator:
1319:Smith (1997)
1314:
1307:Smith (1997)
1302:
1280:Smith (1997)
1275:
1245:, retrieved
1241:the original
1231:
1223:
1218:
1211:Smith (1997)
1206:
1199:Smith (1997)
1174:, retrieved
1170:the original
1149:Smith (1997)
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1127:
1121:
1111:
1084:
1075:
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1016:the original
1009:
999:
992:Smith (1997)
958:Smith (1997)
953:
941:
934:Smith (1997)
929:
915:, retrieved
895:Smith (1997)
890:
883:Smith (1997)
870:, p. 99
863:
856:Smith (1997)
819:. Retrieved
814:
805:
800:, p. 40
785:, p. 42
778:
773:, p. 97
751:
733:
726:
723:
716:
713:A. J. Elwood
708:
694:
688:
686:
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652:watercolours
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273:hammer price
268:
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199:spiritualist
196:
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174:
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112:
87:
79:
76:
68:spiritualist
61:
41:
39:
29:
18:Elsie Wright
2066:1917 in art
1644:13 December
1479:Fiona Bruce
705:Brian Froud
701:Terry Jones
507:James Randi
293:Scarborough
271:sold for a
97:, England.
2061:1917 works
2000:Categories
743:References
728:The Sphere
527:Confession
488:Nationwide
445:The Strand
387:The Strand
116:Cottingley
46:Cottingley
1906:0015-587X
1666:31 August
1379:The Times
1339:Anna Ford
1022:3 October
602:The Times
350:Melbourne
337:Harebells
235:physicist
165:Harrogate
153:Cape Town
2006:Bradford
1991:LibriVox
1970:Archived
1885:Folklore
1807:Skeptoid
1561:22 April
1506:22 April
1453:BBC News
1434:25 April
1403:BBC News
1384:26 April
1247:23 April
1176:25 April
917:26 April
821:3 August
815:Criminal
339:to Elsie
95:Bradford
50:Bradford
2011:Fairies
1626:: 24–25
1600:16 June
1483:BBC One
669:BBC One
665:Belfast
554:hatpins
72:psychic
58:fairies
48:, near
1904:
1859:
1823:
1772:
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1734:
1716:
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1459:11 May
1409:11 May
1134:6 July
565:dress.
228:Ilford
1531:3 May
711:. In
411:Truth
224:Kodak
207:Light
1902:ISSN
1857:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1714:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1668:2021
1646:2019
1602:2022
1563:2010
1533:2010
1508:2010
1461:2007
1436:2010
1411:2007
1386:2010
1249:2010
1178:2010
1136:2021
1024:2018
919:2010
823:2023
703:and
693:and
321:tice
255:and
201:Sir
120:beck
40:The
1893:doi
1349:ITV
663:in
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