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1048:"Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer Revised Edition 1962, Based on Data from The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Revised Edition "The maximum fireball radius presented on the computer is an average between that for air and surface bursts. Thus, the fireball radius for a surface burst is 13 percent larger than that indicated and for an air burst, 13 percent smaller. ""
678:"Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer Revised Edition 1962, Based on Data from The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Revised Edition 'he maximum fireball radius presented on the computer is an average between that for air and surface bursts. Thus, the fireball radius for a surface burst is 13 percent larger than that indicated and for an air burst, 13 percent smaller'"
25:
833:"Operation Ivy 1952 - Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands "The 9000 foot long causeway linking the islands together is the "Krause-Ogle box", a 9 foot square aluminum-sheathed plywood tunnel filled with helium ballonets. This box allowed gamma and neutron radiation from the blast to travel with little absorption to test instruments on Bogon.""
202:
The detonation produced a crater 1.9 km (6,200 ft) in diameter and 50 m (160 ft) deep where
Elugelab had once been; the blast and water waves from the explosion (some waves up to 6.1 m (20 ft) high) stripped the test islands clean of vegetation, as observed by a
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light pipe system, with numerous trees removed in preparation of the shot also plainly evident, along with footage of the aforementioned helicopter survey of the Mike crater soon after the detonation, and finally, high-altitude footage of the crater accompanied with details of its
331:
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459:. The relatively large Ivy Mike crater can be seen at the top of the atoll in this image with the smaller, adjoining Castle Nectar crater, in close proximity. The much smaller Redwing Seminole crater can faintly be seen on Bogon Island.
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and was detonated just North East of Ivy Mike's
Elugelab crater, off the coast of Teiter (Gene) Island. The Island of Bogon/Bokon (Irene), is the spearhead-shaped object at the bottom right of the screen. The maximum average
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three years later. It was believed that Soviet scientists were able to sustain the development of the hydrogen bomb partly because they received U.S. research details from atomic spy
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of 5.8 to 6.56 km (3.60 to 4.08 mi). This maximum is reached a number of seconds after the detonation and during this time the hot fireball invariably rises due to
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on what was a completely silent detonation from the vantage point of the camera, with the sound of the blast wave only arriving a number of seconds later, akin to
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depth – "175 feet deep" – equivalent to the height of a "17-storey building" and with an area large enough to accommodate about "14
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helicopter survey within 60 minutes after the test, by which time the mushroom cloud had blown away. The island "became dust and ash, pulled upward to form a
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For a brief online introduction into some of these studies – with specific reference to the ecological effects of the 1.69-megaton
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Moss, Norman; Franklin, H. Bruce; Leitenberg, Milton; Bonheim, Ralph; Leventhal, Paul; Smith, Lucius; Robinowitz, Mark (May 1990).
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Test shot Apache of
Operation Redwing, yield 1.85 megatons, detonated in a barge on July 8, 1956, at "Elugelab (Flora)"
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or off the coast of what remained of Teiter Island after the detonation of test shot Nectar of
Operation Castle.
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that rose about twenty-seven miles into the sky." The outcome of the test was reported to incoming president
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889:"Operation Ivy (1952), see 58:50 note the black lines drawn on the picture that appear momentarily at 58:55"
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Some sources date the event as
October 31, based on their time zone. Locally, it was November 1 (GMT+12).
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being created is available, as is footage after the causeway was finished that supported the diagnostic
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This test marked a pivotal moment in escalating the nuclear weapons development arms race. The
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indicated in the 1990s that most of the information Fuchs provided may have been useless.
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Command and
Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety
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shot, detonated in 1954 on a barge just north east of the crater of the 10.4-megaton
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yielded 10.4 megatons of explosive energy, 700 times the energy that leveled central
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The Island is
Missing!, article from the U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center
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139:. It was destroyed in the world's first full-scale thermonuclear explosion, the
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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a report by the
University of Washington's Laboratory of Radiation Biology and
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607:"Elugelab, the Island That Was". The Nanty-Glo Journal. April 8, 1954.
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Norman, Colin (January 12, 1990). "How the
Soviets Got the H-Bomb".
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recovery surveys were documented before and after each test series.
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radius is approximately 1.4 to 1.6 km (0.87 to 0.99 mi).
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with the release of about the same amount of energy: 10 megatons.
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230:. Aerial footage of Elugelab and adjacent islands well before
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The detonation also collapsed some natural crevices in the
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A single high-quality frame from test shot
Seminole of
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Redwing Seminole crater on Bogon/Bokon (Irene) island
620:"Marine Annelids From the Northern Marshall Islands"
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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1662:Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site
582:Marshallese-English Dictionary – Place Name Index
324:, with the exact time depending on its distance.
312:test of 1952, this video contains a misleading
792:"Soviets Stole Bomb Idea From U.S., Book Says"
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65:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1204:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
211:by Atomic Energy Commission Chairman,
88:shot. Note island of Elugelab on left.
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1601:Constitution of the Marshall Islands
1069:"DTRA Operation REDWING Fact Sheet"
1852:Marshall Islands War Memorial Park
16:Former island in the Pacific Ocean
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977:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
875:"Operation Ivy (1952), see 58:30"
861:"Operation Ivy (1952), see 47:00"
847:"Operation Ivy (1952), see 30:00"
819:"Operation Ivy (1952), see 23:00"
724:"Operation Ivy (1952), see 56:50"
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281:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
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455:A 2002 true-color photograph of
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1951:Islands of the Marshall Islands
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1214:Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll
1023:"Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer"
653:"Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer"
262:Impact on the nuclear arms race
167:coral growth which was home to
161:and the surrounding marine had
997:10.1080/00963402.1990.11459832
701:. Remm.nlm.gov. Archived from
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1880:indicates populated islands
1606:Compact of Free Association
1194:Naval Base Marshall Islands
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1889:(parenthesis) indicates a
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627:Professional Paper 260-Q
187:The fireball created by
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912:thermonuclear test see
1956:1952 disestablishments
1886:indicate single island
737:Nuclear Weapon Archive
618:Hartman, Olga (1954).
560:11.66667°N 162.18694°E
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375:Test shot Seminole of
272:own thermonuclear test
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942:1990Sci...247..151N
565:11.66667; 162.18694
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341:The 1954 test shot
170:Eurythoe complanata
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1692:Telecommunications
1287:(Sunrise, Eastern)
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1199:South Seas Mandate
800:. 30 December 2008
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770:. Penguin Press.
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1184:John Marshall
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1081:on 2013-02-18
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1046:(June 2005).
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705:on 2013-06-07
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516:Meteor Crater
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496:Operation Ivy
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32:This article
30:
21:
20:
1911:
1883:
1877:
1847:Debrum House
1733:Demographics
1568:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1540:Ailinglaplap
1538:
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1314:
1302:
1110:
1083:. Retrieved
1076:the original
1063:
1052:. Retrieved
1044:Walker, John
1038:
1027:. Retrieved
1019:Walker, John
1013:
983:(4): 51–54.
980:
976:
966:
933:
929:
923:
905:
897:
883:
869:
855:
841:
827:
813:
802:. Retrieved
795:
786:
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754:
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718:
707:. Retrieved
703:the original
693:
682:. Retrieved
674:Walker, John
668:
657:. Retrieved
649:Walker, John
643:
626:
613:
602:
588:
577:
541:
520:impact event
342:
279:
268:Soviet Union
265:
256:radioecology
249:
231:
217:
201:
186:
174:
168:
162:
156:
140:
111:
107:
106:
100:
97:
85:
82:
61:
52:
33:
1631:LGBT rights
1626:Legislature
1408:Ralik Chain
1285:Ratak Chain
1102:"Mike" Test
1050:. Fourmilab
1025:. Fourmilab
680:. Fourmilab
655:. Fourmilab
563: /
551:162°11′13″E
426: /
413:162°11′40″E
276:Klaus Fuchs
213:Gordon Dean
153:Environment
116:Marshallese
1925:Categories
1474:Ailinginae
1468:Ruwitūntūn
1449:Wōdejebato
1085:2014-02-27
1054:2009-11-22
1029:2009-11-22
804:2008-12-29
709:2013-11-30
684:2009-11-22
659:2009-11-22
538:References
432: (
410:11°39′52″N
318:overdubbed
209:Eisenhower
159:palm trees
127:), was an
47:footnoting
1904:Footnotes
1891:submarine
1857:Roi-Namur
1788:Jaluit HS
1772:Education
1697:Transport
1646:President
1611:Elections
1501:Kwajalein
1270:Seamounts
1238:Geography
1005:0096-3402
973:"Letters"
699:"Mock up"
548:11°40′0″N
228:Hiroshima
224:The blast
183:Explosion
164:Heliopora
55:July 2021
1798:Laura HS
1758:Religion
1743:Language
1636:Military
1589:Politics
1461:Rongelap
1455:Rongerik
1418:Enewetak
1358:Maloelap
958:17813267
910:Ivy Mike
762:(2013).
526:Krakatoa
491:Ivy Mike
480:See also
351:megatons
310:Ivy Mike
236:causeway
197:buoyancy
193:diameter
189:Ivy Mike
145:shot of
120:Āllokļap
112:Elugelap
108:Elugelab
43:citation
1893:feature
1884:Italics
1716:Culture
1702:Exports
1680:Economy
1563:Namdrik
1508:Lemkein
1438:Ujelang
1432:Lomilik
1398:Limalok
1265:Islands
1255:Climate
1176:History
1130:Islands
985:Bibcode
938:Bibcode
891:. 1952.
877:. 1952.
863:. 1952.
849:. 1952.
821:. 1952.
726:. 1952.
596:. 1952.
322:thunder
288:Gallery
135:in the
1728:Anthem
1547:Jaluit
1443:Bikini
1372:Majuro
1352:Erikub
1339:Likiep
1304:Utirik
1116:Portal
1003:
956:
906:Nectar
774:
434:Apache
343:Nectar
129:island
83:before
1748:Music
1532:Jabat
1480:Wotho
1425:Lo-En
1346:Wotje
1325:Ailuk
1317:Mejit
1298:Bikar
1104:from
1079:(PDF)
1072:(PDF)
623:(PDF)
110:, or
98:after
1878:Bold
1819:USAF
1763:Seal
1738:Flag
1570:Ebon
1555:Kili
1524:Namu
1487:Ujae
1386:Mili
1379:Arno
1332:Jemo
1310:Toke
1001:ISSN
954:PMID
772:ISBN
252:reef
232:Mike
173:and
142:Mike
101:Mike
86:Mike
45:and
1516:Lib
1494:Lae
1365:Aur
1106:PBS
993:doi
946:doi
934:247
631:doi
345:of
247:".
1927::
999:.
991:.
981:46
979:.
975:.
952:.
944:.
932:.
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629:.
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122:,
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1396:(
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1032:.
1007:.
995::
987::
960:.
948::
940::
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835:.
807:.
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687:.
662:.
637:.
633::
436:)
114:(
68:)
62:(
57:)
53:(
49:.
39:.
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