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include multiple suppliers for software, development and support; no royalties or licensing fees; a stable kernel; the ability to read, modify and redistribute the source code. The technical disadvantages include a comparatively large
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1187:
682:
1192:
255:
Due to its low cost (freely available source code) and ease of customization, Linux has been shipped in many consumer devices. Devices covering PDAs (like the
338:
With the availability of consumer embedded devices, communities of users and developers were formed around these devices: replacement or enhancements of the
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and to the communities surrounding the devices. Due to the high number of devices, standardized build systems have appeared, including
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that also include a touchscreen. This is a challenge for most learners because their computer experience is mainly based on GUI (
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320:. In July 2012, Android's smartphone market share in the United States was at 52%, reaching 82% worldwide in Q2 2015.
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137:) based interaction with the machine and high-level programming on the one hand and low-level programming of small
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383:(kernel and root filesystem); complexities of user mode and kernel mode memory access, and a complex
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803:, Computer Communications and Networks, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 65–88,
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739:"ComScore: Android tops 52 percent of US smartphone share, iPhone cracks the 33 percent mark"
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which are not only primarily used as the processor of a desktop or server computer, but also
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shipped on the device has often been made possible thanks to availability of the
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Embedded Linux Wiki: A centralized place for sharing
Embedded Linux Knowledge
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894:"Real-Time Linux Continues Its Way to Mainline Development and Beyond"
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and introduced in 2008, has become a highly competitive platform for
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418:). Real Time Linux project aims mainlining the PREEMPT_RT-version.
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870:"Real-Time Operating System - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
308:, a Linux-kernel-based operating system acquired and extended by
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109:, operating systems based on the Linux kernel can be also found
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it has to have enough operative memory (or replacing such) and
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1890:
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406:
Projects to develop real-time and safety-critical support are
395:
Not every embedded Linux distribution is required to or meets
263:
158:
209:
processors. Linux is also used as an alternative to using a
1009:
1021:
597:
1044:
846:"What does it mean to say "linux kernel is preemptive"?"
437:
to ensure compatibility with software running on Linux.
330:
use embedded Linux on their constellations and rockets.
1006:"News and technical articles concerning embedded Linux"
1039:
907:
3669:
3624:
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3533:
3510:
3429:
3336:
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1603:
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1437:
1317:
1269:
1228:
1168:
1132:
1082:
677:
675:
374:The advantages of embedded Linux over proprietary
908:"ELISA: Enabling Linux in Safety Applications"
399:requirements. This is particular relevant for
3314:
2373:
1536:
1060:
948:. LinuxPundit.com. p. 18. Archived from
661:What is Embedded Linux? And How does it work?
141:(MCU) on the other hand while the concept of
8:
688:. Monta Vista Software. 2008. Archived from
494:- specialised for ARM single board computers
991:Embedded Linux course on youtube (Zedboard)
535:well-known type of embedded Linux, e.g. on
3321:
3307:
3299:
3271:
2582:
2414:
2404:
2380:
2366:
2358:
1600:
1543:
1529:
1521:
1067:
1053:
1045:
1035:VxWorks to Embedded Linux: a Success Story
942:Uniting Mobile Linux Application Platforms
760:"IDC: Smartphone OS Market Share, 2015 Q2"
714:"ELKS: The Embeddable Linux Kernel System"
683:"Migrating VxWorks applications to Linux"
294:like Jolla C and Intex Aqua Fish and the
1497:Free and open-source software portal
2241:Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless
648:
425:to run fully-fledged Linux OS and have
7:
2282:PlayStation Portable system software
784:(June 2023) Status of Embedded Linux
1439:Professional related certifications
1017:Embedded Linux mailist list archive
575:- Core and Server, on RPi, x86, ARM
25:
1218:List of software package managers
1203:Security-focused operating system
117:-based embedded devices, such as
3281:
3280:
3270:
2335:
2320:
2319:
2060:PlayStation Vita system software
1568:Open-source mobile phones / OSes
1503:
1502:
1490:
1476:
569:– embedded Linux for smartphones
447:
3644:Light-weight Linux distribution
3472:Hacking of consumer electronics
2867:Transaction Processing Facility
2174:Nintendo Switch system software
1193:Distributions that run from RAM
922:"Realtime:start [Wiki]"
517:Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset
230:Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset
1:
801:Distributed Real-Time Systems
797:"Real-Time Operating Systems"
3732:List of open-source hardware
2169:Nintendo DSi system software
2164:Nintendo 3DS system software
1961:Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
1150:GNU/Linux naming controversy
939:Weinberg, Bill (July 2008).
2445:Multi-Environment Real-Time
2389:Real-time operating systems
2302:Sony Ericsson Java Platform
1246:Linux Documentation Project
1188:Netbook-specific comparison
809:10.1007/978-3-030-22570-4_4
127:personal digital assistants
3779:
3763:Embedded operating systems
3649:Real-time operating system
1145:Criticism of desktop Linux
737:Fingas, Jon (2012-09-04).
657:"Graphical User Interface"
403:applications and systems.
376:embedded operating systems
286:handsets, devices running
153:The Linux kernel has been
96:spacecraft flight software
3722:
3634:Linux on embedded systems
3243:
2585:
2550:Operating System Embedded
2315:
1558:
1470:
1155:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
467:Convergent Linux Platform
3639:Linux for mobile devices
2835:Windows Embedded Compact
2326:Mobile operating systems
2156:Nintendo system software
1647:(Linux kernel subsystem)
1583:Mobile app distributions
1552:Mobile operating systems
488:Products/Distributions:
477:Linux for mobile devices
135:Graphical user interface
56:personal video recorders
27:Uses in embedded systems
3487:PlayStation 3 Jailbreak
2192:Intel Management Engine
1022:Embedded Debian Project
143:command line interfaces
60:in-vehicle infotainment
3477:Homebrew (video games)
3174:Robot Operating System
1588:Mobile app development
1331:Free Software Magazine
1261:Linux User Group (LUG)
979:Safety-critical system
974:Preemption (computing)
431:memory management unit
131:portable media players
76:wireless access points
3671:Programming languages
3409:Single-board computer
3349:Board support package
1573:Open Handset Alliance
1563:Mobile OS comparisons
874:www.sciencedirect.com
762:. idc.com. 2015-08-01
272:Linksys WRT54G series
88:industrial automation
3737:Open-source robotics
3727:Lightweight browsers
3450:Proprietary firmware
3359:Consumer electronics
3266:Open-source software
2677:Java virtual machine
1941:BlackBerry Tablet OS
1578:Open Mobile Alliance
1256:Linux Mark Institute
795:Erciyes, K. (2019),
268:residential gateways
266:navigation devices,
92:navigation equipment
44:consumer electronics
3467:Defective by Design
3374:Embedded hypervisor
2331:Mobile applications
2267:Nokia Asha platform
910:. 21 February 2019.
896:. 6 September 2018.
614:MontaVista Software
414:) and ELISA (under
216:and its associated
145:is widely unknown.
100:medical instruments
66:equipment (such as
3535:Software libraries
1183:Distributions list
1178:General comparison
1140:Criticism of Linux
1027:2006-06-30 at the
1012:on 3 January 2013.
619:Wind River Systems
472:Linux range of use
435:virtual addressing
340:Linux distribution
234:Linux distribution
113:that are actually
3745:
3744:
3684:Assembly language
3626:Operating systems
3606:Stand-alone shell
3573:Programming tools
3492:Rooting (Android)
3384:Embedded software
3369:Embedded database
3296:
3295:
3024:
3023:
2878:Texas Instruments
2644:
2643:
2571:
2570:
2355:
2354:
2342:Telecommunication
1998:Windows 10 Mobile
1885:
1884:
1518:
1517:
818:978-3-030-22569-8
600:and Ubuntu Server
423:electronic system
421:In order for the
111:in mobile devices
105:Because of their
32:operating systems
16:(Redirected from
3770:
3482:iOS jailbreaking
3399:Memory footprint
3330:Embedded systems
3323:
3316:
3309:
3300:
3284:
3283:
3274:
3273:
2962:ERIKA Enterprise
2650:Capability-based
2583:
2415:
2405:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2359:
2339:
2323:
2322:
1668:Smart Feature OS
1601:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1522:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1483:Linux portal
1481:
1480:
1452:Linux Foundation
1251:Linux Foundation
1069:
1062:
1055:
1046:
1013:
1008:. Archived from
963:
961:
960:
954:
947:
926:
925:
918:
912:
911:
904:
898:
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890:
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694:
687:
679:
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669:
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667:
653:
457:
452:
451:
416:Linux Foundation
381:memory footprint
251:Devices coverage
240:for outdated or
214:operating system
157:to a variety of
139:microcontrollers
125:, together with
80:wireless routers
40:embedded systems
21:
3778:
3777:
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3768:
3767:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3718:
3665:
3620:
3567:
3529:
3506:
3457:Closed platform
3445:Custom firmware
3425:
3404:Microcontroller
3332:
3327:
3297:
3292:
3269:
3239:
3196:
3157:
3020:
2938:
2898:
2872:
2839:
2815:
2787:
2747:
2704:
2671:
2640:
2617:
2567:
2512:
2491:
2473:Real-Time Linux
2399:
2392:
2386:
2356:
2351:
2311:
2229:
2196:
2178:
2150:
2126:
2113:(Non GMS based)
2064:
2042:
2024:
1952:
1945:
1922:
1881:
1806:Fedora Mobility
1782:
1675:Kindle firmware
1592:
1554:
1549:
1519:
1514:
1491:
1489:
1475:
1466:
1433:
1313:
1265:
1224:
1208:Package manager
1164:
1128:
1107:Booting process
1078:
1073:
1029:Wayback Machine
1004:
987:
970:
958:
956:
952:
945:
938:
935:
933:Further reading
930:
929:
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722:
720:
718:GitHub.com/elks
712:
711:
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698:
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692:
685:
681:
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673:
665:
663:
655:
654:
650:
645:
640:
609:Mentor Graphics
453:
446:
443:
408:Real-Time Linux
401:safety critical
393:
372:
336:
253:
236:that fits on a
226:
151:
84:machine control
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3776:
3774:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3758:Embedded Linux
3750:
3749:
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3734:
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3719:
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3622:
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3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3581:Almquist shell
3577:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3553:Embedded GLIBC
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3502:Vendor lock-in
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3447:
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3418:
3417:
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3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3364:Cross compiler
3361:
3356:
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3340:
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3334:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3261:
3253:
3251:= discontinued
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3215:David Cheriton
3212:
3206:
3204:
3198:
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3195:
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3169:
3159:
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2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2893:TI-RTOS Kernel
2890:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
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2814:
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2771:
2765:
2758:
2756:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2726:Concurrent DOS
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2663:
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2639:
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2632:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2607:(organization)
2605:T-Engine Forum
2602:
2600:Micro T-Kernel
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2121:Huawei Band OS
2119:
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2100:
2097:HarmonyOS NEXT
2090:
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2074:HarmonyOS NEXT
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2012:
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1995:
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1966:Windows Mobile
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1754:Openmoko Linux
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1447:CompTIA Linux+
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1213:Package format
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996:Embedded Linux
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850:Stack Overflow
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741:. Engadget.com
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527:Familiar Linux
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486:
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469:
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385:device drivers
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370:Platform usage
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335:
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150:
147:
26:
24:
18:Embedded Linux
14:
13:
10:
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3616:Yocto Project
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3337:General terms
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2719:Multiuser DOS
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2590:ITRON project
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2247:BlackBerry OS
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2018:
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2001:
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1996:
1994:
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1987:
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1971:Windows Phone
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1936:BlackBerry 10
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1656:ChromeOS Flex
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1421:Revolution OS
1418:
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1413:
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1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1393:Linux Outlaws
1391:
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1386:
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1380:
1379:
1375:
1373:
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1368:
1366:
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1364:Linux Journal
1361:
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1357:Linux Gazette
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1335:
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1310:
1309:Linux malware
1307:
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1297:
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1249:
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1244:
1242:
1241:Linux Counter
1239:
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1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:Organizations
1227:
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1216:
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1199:
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1189:
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1179:
1176:
1175:
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1171:
1170:Distributions
1167:
1161:
1160:SCO and Linux
1158:
1156:
1153:
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1143:
1141:
1138:
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1135:
1133:Controversies
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1103:
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1001:
997:
994:
992:
989:
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984:
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977:
975:
972:
971:
967:
955:on 2012-02-16
951:
944:
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937:
936:
932:
923:
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914:
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895:
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776:
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755:
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733:
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719:
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695:on 2014-02-10
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522:Emdebian Grip
520:
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433:implementing
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192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
148:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:set-top boxes
45:
41:
37:
34:based on the
33:
19:
3699:Embedded C++
3633:
3601:OpenEmbedded
3512:Boot loaders
3433:and controls
3414:Raspberry Pi
3285:
3275:
3263:
3255:
3250:
3247:
3235:Ken Sakamura
3230:Adam Dunkels
3133:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3095:
3088:
3036:
3028:
2976:
2943:Low resource
2931:
2924:
2917:
2885:
2859:
2852:
2806:
2805:^° kernel →
2800:
2773:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2657:
2538:Nucleus RTOS
2523:
2504:
2484:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2426:
2147:MIUI Band OS
2104:
2081:
1856:
1836:Ubuntu Touch
1816:postmarketOS
1799:
1744:OpenEmbedded
1698:
1612:
1605:Linux Kernel
1507:
1488:
1474:
1427:
1419:
1397:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1350:Linux Format
1348:
1336:
1329:
1304:Range of use
1288:
1121:
1084:Linux kernel
1010:the original
957:. Retrieved
950:the original
941:
916:
902:
888:
877:. Retrieved
873:
864:
853:. Retrieved
849:
840:
830:, retrieved
800:
790:
775:
764:. Retrieved
754:
743:. Retrieved
732:
721:. Retrieved
717:
708:
697:. Retrieved
690:the original
664:, retrieved
660:
651:
512:Raspberry Pi
455:Linux portal
427:multitasking
420:
405:
394:
373:
352:OpenEmbedded
337:
322:
304:
282:exz series,
278:such as the
257:Sharp Zaurus
254:
242:low resource
227:
152:
104:
102:in general.
38:are used in
36:Linux kernel
29:
3714:MicroPython
3654:Windows IoT
3462:Crippleware
3379:Embedded OS
3258:Microkernel
3220:Dave Cutler
3210:Gordon Bell
3115:Sintran III
2985:OpenComRTOS
2686:Chorus/Jazz
2139:Amazfit OS
2088:OpenHarmony
2070:OpenHarmony
2008:Windows 8.1
1826:Sailfish OS
1811:Manjaro ARM
1685:Maemo Leste
1399:Linux Voice
1385:Ubuntu User
1338:Full Circle
1325:DistroWatch
1198:Lightweight
1112:Kernel oops
1102:Linux-libre
1097:Linus's law
598:Ubuntu Core
537:smartphones
391:Limitations
387:framework.
344:source code
334:Communities
314:smartphones
288:Sailfish OS
276:smartphones
238:floppy disk
211:proprietary
197:, mn10300,
129:(PDAs) and
119:smartphones
115:touchscreen
107:versatility
3752:Categories
3694:Embedded C
3354:Bootloader
3277:Comparison
3202:Developers
3163:Frameworks
3105:° Standard
3083:Phantom OS
3061:µ-velOSity
2950:ChibiOS/RT
2020:Windows 11
2015:Windows 10
1993:Windows RT
1727:MontaVista
1710:Firefox OS
1629:Android Go
1031:(obsolete)
959:2009-05-08
879:2021-03-08
855:2021-03-08
832:2021-03-08
766:2016-05-13
745:2012-11-24
723:2021-04-12
699:2013-11-13
666:2019-06-05
643:References
604:LynuxWorks
589:Access Co.
510:– used on
463:Articles:
412:PREEMPT_RT
296:Nokia N900
175:ETRAX CRIS
78:(WAPs) or
64:networking
3591:Buildroot
3225:Dan Dodge
3153:UniProton
3103:RT-Thread
3077:Microware
2997:RT-Thread
2821:Microsoft
2611:T-License
2532:Integrity
2419:Unix-like
2398:Operating
2262:Magic Cap
2093:HarmonyOS
2003:Windows 8
1951:Microsoft
1737:Mobilinux
1645:HarmonyOS
1378:LinuxUser
1344:Linux.com
1236:LinuxChix
827:199583025
781:July 2022
779:Tim Bird
594:Canonical
585:Vendors:
542:Mobilinux
531:Google's
503:BuildRoot
482:TinyLinux
397:real-time
356:Buildroot
270:like the
259:family),
218:toolchain
58:(PVRs)),
52:smart TVs
30:Computer
3548:dietlibc
3440:Firmware
3431:Firmware
3287:Category
3109:ScreenOS
3049:FreeRTOS
2991:PX5 RTOS
2698:ChorusOS
2595:T-Kernel
2556:PX5 RTOS
2525:ChorusOS
2434:Junos OS
2347:Software
2132:FreeRTOS
1914:bridgeOS
1749:Ångström
1732:MotoMagx
1651:ChromeOS
1509:Category
1428:The Code
1415:Phoronix
1405:LugRadio
1289:Embedded
1279:Adopters
1271:Adoption
1025:Archived
968:See also
547:OpenMoko
441:See also
324:Starlink
300:Nokia N9
284:Openmoko
280:Motorola
245:hardware
224:Variants
72:switches
42:such as
3709:MISRA C
3596:BusyBox
3586:BitBake
3525:Barebox
3248:Italics
3192:Xenomai
3186:TI-RTOS
3148:VxWorks
3135:Harmony
3038:DioneOS
3009:ThreadX
2978:Nano-RK
2967:FunkOS°
2956:Contiki
2861:4690 OS
2854:4680 OS
2829:ThreadX
2808:Symbian
2740:REAL/32
2622:Partial
2579:support
2552:^ (OSE)
2517:Partial
2479:RTLinux
2454:Unix-RT
2411:support
2400:systems
2307:ThreadX
2277:Palm OS
2272:PalmDOS
2202:Symbian
2184:Minix 3
2142:Zepp OS
2105:Defunct
2048:FreeBSD
2038:Fuchsia
1953:Windows
1909:watchOS
1857:Defunct
1841:UBports
1831:SteamOS
1771:OpenEZX
1699:Defunct
1634:Wear OS
1619:Android
1457:Red Hat
1410:LWN.net
1284:Desktop
1092:History
629:ENEA AB
624:TimeSys
579:μClinux
562:RTLinux
552:OpenWrt
533:Android
498:BusyBox
492:Armbian
360:OpenWrt
318:tablets
306:Android
199:PowerPC
149:History
123:tablets
68:routers
62:(IVI),
3659:Win CE
3611:Toybox
3543:uClibc
3520:U-Boot
3030:BeRTOS
3015:Zephyr
2999:° Nano
2971:Mynewt
2933:VAXELN
2919:RSX-11
2907:PDP-11
2782:Wombat
2775:REX OS
2768:PikeOS
2762:LLinux
2755:kernel
2733:FlexOS
2692:JavaOS
2506:LiteOS
2497:LiteOS
2461:OS2000
2439:LynxOS
2391:(RTOS)
2340:
2324:
2243:(BREW)
2117:LiteOS
2082:Active
2052:NetBSD
2030:Zircon
1904:iPadOS
1875:Moblin
1848:Mobian
1821:PureOS
1800:Active
1759:QtMoko
1715:B2G OS
1680:LuneOS
1613:Active
1462:Ubuntu
1299:Mobile
1294:Gaming
1000:Curlie
825:
815:
573:Ubuntu
557:DD-WRT
508:Debian
362:, and
328:SpaceX
310:Google
261:TomTom
207:Xtensa
205:, and
203:SuperH
187:IP7000
155:ported
98:, and
3129:Thoth
3122:THEOS
3055:µC/OS
3044:embOS
2926:RT-11
2869:(TPF)
2793:Psion
2635:RTEMS
2544:NuttX
2409:POSIX
2234:Other
1863:Maemo
1792:Linux
1776:WebOS
1722:MeeGo
1690:Tizen
1663:KaiOS
1624:forks
1597:Linux
1318:Media
1123:more…
1076:Linux
953:(PDF)
946:(PDF)
823:S2CID
693:(PDF)
686:(PDF)
596:with
567:Tizen
348:Yocto
292:Jolla
232:is a
183:H8300
171:AVR32
46:(eg.
3689:CAPL
3563:musl
3558:lwIP
3497:UEFI
3389:FPGA
3344:ASIC
3264:° =
3256:^ =
3180:RTAI
3167:kits
3142:VRTX
3132:^ →
3090:pSOS
3073:OS-9
3003:RIOT
2887:DSOS
2802:EKA2
2666:seL4
2659:EROS
2629:eCos
2577:TRON
2562:RIOT
2486:UNOS
2450:MERT
2428:DNIX
2292:S30+
2257:GEOS
2252:EPOC
2111:EMUI
1705:Bada
1641:EMUI
813:ISBN
634:SUSE
364:LTIB
326:and
316:and
298:and
228:The
195:MIPS
191:m68k
179:FR-V
159:CPUs
121:and
54:and
3679:Ada
3421:SoC
3394:IoT
3176:° 2
3097:RMX
3067:MQX
2910:VAX
2904:DEC
2845:IBM
2710:DOS
2689:^ (
2467:QNX
2448:^ (
2297:S40
2287:S30
2225:UIQ
2220:S90
2215:S80
2210:S60
1986:8.1
1928:QNX
1899:iOS
1891:XNU
1868:Mer
1788:GNU
1764:SHR
1117:Tux
998:at
805:doi
274:or
264:GPS
167:ARM
163:ARC
82:),
3754::
3188:^°
3165:,
3085:^°
3057:^°
3051:^°
3033:^°
3017:^°
2952:^°
2895:^°
2812:^°
2810:OS
2784:^°
2764:^°
2753:L4
2701:^)
2695:+
2668:^°
2662:^°
2564:^°
2546:^°
2452:–
2107::
2084::
1859::
1802::
1701::
1615::
872:.
848:.
821:,
811:,
799:,
716:.
674:^
659:,
366:.
358:,
354:,
350:,
302:.
247:.
220:.
201:,
193:,
189:,
185:,
181:,
177:,
173:,
169:,
165:,
94:,
90:,
86:,
74:,
70:,
50:,
3322:e
3315:t
3308:v
3194:°
3182:°
3144:^
3138:^
3079:)
3075:(
3069:^
3063:^
3011:^
3005:°
2993:^
2987:^
2981:°
2973:°
2964:°
2958:°
2831:^
2778:^
2770:^
2637:°
2631:°
2558:^
2540:^
2534:^
2528:^
2509:°
2481:°
2475:°
2469:^
2456:)
2381:e
2374:t
2367:v
2099:)
2095:(
2072:/
2050:/
1981:8
1976:7
1790:/
1643:/
1544:e
1537:t
1530:v
1068:e
1061:t
1054:v
962:.
924:.
882:.
858:.
807::
769:.
748:.
726:.
702:.
410:(
20:)
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