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Embedded feminism

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2090: 2138:" or "embedded media" approach of the US Department of Defense which became prominent in the media coverage of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The US government attached journalists, photographers, and camera people to military units and granted them unprecedented access to the battle frontline. Although embedded journalism provided the public with an exclusive view of the situation in Iraq, this practice was regarded as problematic, as it could undermine the independent reporting and promote the preferences of the government. 40: 5196: 5184: 2048: 5206: 2229:
is the brutal oppression of women
that is the reason this great nation, with our friends and allies, will not rest until we bring them all to justice. This rallying cry by the Bush administration is exactly the narrative that is at question. Statements such as these can suggest that Western (and more
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for example, feminists are said to have played a major role in helping create a sense of cohesion and bonding and therefore directly contributed to the emergence of a national identity during and after the struggle for independence. Nevertheless, women remained mostly absent from the public sphere of
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The unique nature of embedded feminism as a state strategy is not just the argumentation based on the representation of women and children as victims, but the conjunction of this discourse with the struggle for women's rights. Hunt's concept has made an impact on gender-related conflict research and
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Nachtigall, Andrea; Bewernitz, Torsten (2011). "Von ‚FrauenundKindern' zu ‚Embedded Feminism'. Frauen(rechte) als Legitimation fĂŒr militĂ€rische Intervention in den Medien – Variationen einer Legitimationsfigur zwischen Kosovo-, Afghanistan- und Irakkrieg". In Engels, Bettina; Gayer, Corinna (eds.).
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Nachtigall, Andrea; Bewernitz, Torsten (2011). "Von ‚FrauenundKindern' zu ‚Embedded Feminism'. Frauen(rechte) als Legitimation fĂŒr militĂ€rische Intervention in den Medien – Variationen einer Legitimationsfigur zwischen Kosovo-, Afghanistan- und Irakkrieg". In Engels, Bettina; Gayer, Corinna (eds.).
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consistently showcases a male-stream discipline and a hyper-masculine war hero narrative. In other words, the story is narrated by these men, who hold high positions of power and are fixated to exemplify their heroic qualities to shield women from harm and collide with the world’s difficulties. For
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The "far-reaching process of appropriating and subverting feminism through appeals to women's rights" that is embedded feminism is different from simple co-optation practices by state authorities in so far as it goes beyond the absorption "of the meanings of the original concepts to fit into the
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in the eyes of the public. Hunt defines the concept as the "incorporation of feminist discourse and feminist activists into political projects that claim to serve the interests of women, but ultimately subordinate and/or subvert that goal". Hunt coined the term embedded feminism referring to the
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became the powerful normative legitimation of the invasion which obtained broad public approval. More importantly, this strategy could align itself with feminist groups that are traditionally pacifist, and could win their approval, thereby removing a critical opposition. The doubts in the
2341:'s post-colonial critique of the relationship between the colonizers and the colonized subjects in "Can the Subaltern speak?" condenses this relationship to the strategy of "white men saving brown women from brown men". This analysis can also be applied to the seemingly 2307:
could liberate Afghan women. It has further created a division between feminist groups that supported the war and those groups that refused to get involved in the usurpation of feminism for war. A division also emerged between "Western" feminists who strived to save the
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is the attempt of state authorities to legitimize an intervention in a conflict by co-opting feminist discourses and instrumentalizing feminist activists and groups for their own agenda. This term was introduced in the analysis of the US-led
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have been embedded in political projects for centuries to mobilize feminists and their discourses. A large body of feminist literature has analyzed the gender-related dimensions of (post-) colonial projects where feminists from the
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and present the West as culturally and normatively superior to the "unmodern" Eastern societies. This rationale would give the West a prerogative to intervene and rescue the "monolithic group" of other women who have no
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and the critical public because their role was considered to be legitimizing. Hunt sees embedded feminism as a concept that was used to advance the engendered war story of the Bush administration that the
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and can be applied to several other policy fields where pseudo-feminist arguments and feminist groups are misused to legitimize a state-led action or to construct an alternative story.
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Tickner, J. Ann (2011): Retelling IR's Foundational Stories: Some Feminist and Postcolonial Perspectives. In: Global Change, Peace & Security 23 (1), pp. 5–13.
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feminism was the disregard of Western actors for the opinions of Afghan women's groups who argued that a war would certainly have a negative impact on women and fuel
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Tickner, J. Ann; Sjoberg, Laura (eds.) (2011): Feminism and International Relations: Conversations about the Past, Present and Future. London, New York: Routledge.
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sentiments. In the aftermath, Bush's agenda was in fact interpreted as an attack on Islamic values and resulted in a backlash from the conservative forces.
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Shepherd, Laura J. ed. 2014. Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations. 2nd Edition. NY: Routledge. (131–140)
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Shepherd, Laura J. ed. 2014. Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations. 2nd Edition. NY: Routledge. (131–140)
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Shepherd, Laura J. ed. 2014. Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations. 2nd Edition. NY: Routledge. (131–140)
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Tickner, J. Ann (1992): Gender in International Relations. Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security. New York: Columbia University Press.
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Wibben, Annick T. R. (2016). "Female Engagement Teams in Afghanistan. Exploring the 'War on Terror' Narrative". In Wibben, Annick T. R. (ed.).
2290:(FMF) supported the policies of the Bush administration and is therefore regarded as one of the most vocal feminist supporters embedded in the 1386: 79: 2402: 2304: 2258: 5035: 4507: 4321: 2102: 2025: 1871: 1073: 74: 5133: 5103: 1994: 1924: 1234: 3065:"The Feminist Majority Foundation's Campaign to Stop Gender Apartheid. The Intersections of Feminism and Imperialism in the United States" 2156: 217: 5150: 5108: 4858: 4694: 4267: 2004: 1999: 1694: 1418: 1019: 2105:, but can also be applied to several historical examples where women's rights were used as justification and legitimization of Western 3868: 3603: 3598: 3458: 2418: 2282:. It was only after the terror attacks, that politicians in the US and in Europe began broadly supporting women's liberation from the 2187:
instead of promoting women's rights. Feminists also claim that feminist activists and their discourses have been instrumentalized for
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Col. Shafiqa Quraishi, Director of the Afghan National Police Gender Mainstreaming Unit, speaks at an ANP female recruiting conference
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men in Afghanistan as a danger to women of which were presented as victims in need of help from the West. Characteristic of Western
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Abu-Lughod, Lila (2002). "Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others".
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Linkogle, Stephanie (2001). "Nicaraguan Women in the Age of Globalization". In Rowbotham, Sheila; Linkogle, Stephanie (eds.).
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regime. According to Hunt, it invoked the struggle for women's rights and women's liberation as a rationale to justify the
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Sjoberg, Laura (2013): Gendering Global Conflict. Toward a Feminist Theory of War. New York: Columbia University Press.
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Hunt notes that there is a striking similarity between the logic of embedded feminism in colonialist projects and the
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Lippe, Berit von der (2012). "The White Woman's Burden: "Feminist" War Rhetoric and the Phenomenon of Co-optation".
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GeschlechterverhĂ€ltnisse, Frieden und Konflikt. Feministische DenkanstĂ¶ĂŸe fĂŒr die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung
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GeschlechterverhĂ€ltnisse, Frieden und Konflikt. Feministische DenkanstĂ¶ĂŸe fĂŒr die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung
2262: 2062: 1714: 1494: 936: 745: 5145: 5083: 5078: 4980: 4776: 4714: 4276: 4087: 4043: 4016: 3863: 3774: 2163:" narratives generally presuppose a homogeneity of women as an oppressed group, as demonstrated in the work of 1989: 1984: 1979: 1936: 1816: 1612: 1374: 1028: 830: 706: 679: 592: 492: 2368:, especially in the visual representation of women and children as victims of war or oppression in the media. 3229:
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty (1988). "Can the Subaltern Speak?". In Nelson, Cary; Grossberg, Lawrence (eds.).
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Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty (1988). "Can the Subaltern Speak?". In Nelson, Cary; Grossberg, Lawrence (eds.).
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government's commitment to further women's rights through war arose due to its lack of interest before the
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Tetrault, Mary Ann (1992). "Women and Revolution: A Framework for Analysis". In Peterson, V. Spike (ed.).
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Hunt, Krista (2006). "'Embedded Feminism' and the War on Terror". In Hunt, Krista; Rygiel, Kim (eds.).
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Hunt, Krista (2006). "'Embedded Feminism' and the War on Terror". In Hunt, Krista; Rygiel, Kim (eds.).
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Hunt, Krista (2006). "'Embedded Feminism' and the War on Terror". In Hunt, Krista; Rygiel, Kim (eds.).
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has called this conflation of women and children as victimized subjects "womenandchildren", a single
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nature of the seemingly dangerous "brown man". Thus, feminism which was incorporated in the
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An Islam of Her Own. Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements
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Kolhatkar, Sonali (2002). "The Impact of U.S. Intervention on Afghan Women's Rights".
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enemy and Afghan feminists who criticized the notion that war could liberate them.
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Secularism, Gender and the State in the Middle East. The Egyptian Women's Movement
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were convinced to get involved in order to "save" other oppressed women. Such "
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Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics
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Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics
2405:. Embedded feminism can also be used in other contexts such as neo-liberal 4522: 4316: 4189: 3937: 3467: 2394: 2358: 2350: 1068: 941: 509: 31: 2967: 2273:. In the eyes of many feminists, the rescue of oppressed women from the 3700: 3351: 3214: 3197: 2822: 2805: 2693:
Gendered States: Feminist (Re)Visions of International Relations Theory
2625: 2346: 2283: 2274: 2254: 740: 3285: 2841:(En)Gendering the War on Terror. War Stories and Camouflaged Politics 2575:(En)Gendering the War on Terror. War Stories and Camouflaged Politics 2473:(En)Gendering the War on Terror. War Stories and Camouflaged Politics 3198:"Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses" 2806:"Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses" 2261:. This increased gender awareness can be interpreted as part of a 2196: 2088: 2678:
Women Resist Globalization: Mobilizing for Livelihood and Rights
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Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (2001).
2968:"Embedded Feminism – Frauenrechte als Legimitation fĂŒr Krieg" 2129:
in 2001 and the practice of the US government to justify the
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Ho, Christina (2010). "Responding to Orientalist Feminism".
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of embedded feminism to describe the gendered nature of the
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What Kind of Liberation: Women and the Occupation of Iraq
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western women and the perceived oppressed Afghan women.
2994:"Remarks at Reception to Mark International Women's Day" 2526: 3153:
Researching War: Feminist Methods, Ethics and Politics
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Hegemonic Western feminism and post-colonial critique
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Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
2234:) men and women are obligated to free the oppressed 5116: 5055: 5048: 4727: 4434: 4128: 4061: 3958: 3678: 3667: 3559: 3526: 3483: 3474: 2345:strategy that the US government pursued by framing 2146:
Historical implications in the women's rights fight
2648: 2269:with the fight for women's rights as a proxy for 2179:countries is argued to have helped strengthening 2504:"Public Affairs Guidance for Embedded Reporters" 2442:Nachtigall, Andrea (2014). "Embedded Feminism". 3104:"An Open Letter to the Editors of Ms. Magazine" 2606:Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 3452: 2070: 8: 2286:. Despite its usual non-violent stance, the 2121:gender researcher Krista Hunt developed the 3312:Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice 2778:. New Haven & London: Yale Univ. Press. 5052: 4210:African-American women's suffrage movement 3675: 3480: 3459: 3445: 3437: 3069:International Feminist Journal of Politics 2695:. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. pp. 99–121. 2077: 2063: 1890: 1262: 1192: 962:African-American women's suffrage movement 294: 52: 18: 3350: 3233:Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture 3213: 3130:"Pentagon Enlists Feminists for War Aims" 2821: 2710:Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture 2550:"Embedded Reporters 'Sanitised' Iraq War" 4155:Discrimination against transgender women 3043:"Radio address by first lady Laura Bush" 2680:. New York: Zed Books. pp. 118–133. 2249:began expressing their concerns for the 907:Discrimination against transgender women 2655:. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. 2434: 2017: 1893: 1330: 437: 354: 170: 133: 100: 30: 3395:. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. 3380:. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. 4498:Post-structuralist discourse analysis 3775:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary 3411:. Baden-Baden: Nomos. pp. 27–46. 3391:Al-Ali, Nadje; Pratt, Nicola (2009). 3185:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 3170:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 2793:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 2200:politics once the project succeeded. 7: 3155:. London & New York: Routledge. 2874:. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 2150:Krista Hunt argues that appeals to 2506:. Office of Freedom of Information 2419:Feminism (international relations) 2142:prevailing political priorities". 14: 3020:"Die MĂ€r von der Frauenbefreiung" 2889:. New York: New York Univ. Press. 2361:feminism also tends to reproduce 2217:example, according to the former 5204: 5195: 5194: 5182: 4742:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4165:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 2456:10.3224/peripherie.v34i133.22464 2393:has been applied to the wars in 2046: 1578:Democratic Republic of the Congo 917:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 38: 3262:Afghan Women's Mission (2011). 2998:U. S. State Department of State 2845:. Hampshire: Ashgate. pp.  2579:. Hampshire: Ashgate. pp.  2477:. Hampshire: Ashgate. pp.  5256:International relations theory 2502:Department of Defense (2006). 2127:US-led invasion of Afghanistan 2010:Women's suffrage organizations 1: 2265:strategy which conflated the 2175:and civilization projects of 5104:Suffragists and suffragettes 3343:10.1080/08164649.2010.525211 3041:The Washington Post (2001). 2929:"State of the Union Address" 2618:10.1080/08038740.2011.618811 2288:Feminist Majority Foundation 2145: 1995:Suffragists and suffragettes 1925:American feminist literature 3331:Australian Feminist Studies 1235:Views on transgender topics 1225:Views on sexual orientation 5277: 3102:Miller, Elizabeth (2002). 2225:, the central goal of the 5176: 4185:Female genital mutilation 3594:Majority-Muslim countries 3196:Mohanty, Chandra (1988). 3081:10.1080/14616740600945149 2804:Mohanty, Chandra (1988). 2776:Women and Gender in Islam 2753:10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.783 2376:that is being invoked in 2026:Women's rights by country 937:Female genital mutilation 5151:Women's studies journals 5109:Women's rights activists 3670:Movements and ideologies 3181:Said, Edward W. (1978). 3166:Said, Edward W. (1978). 2927:Bush, George W. (2001). 2525:Jeppesen, Helle (2008). 2167:, and put into play the 2031:Feminists by nationality 2005:Women's studies journals 2000:Women's rights activists 728:Movements and ideologies 4695:International relations 3374:Enloe, Cynthia (1989). 2885:Hafez, Sherine (2011). 2741:American Anthropologist 2647:Enloe, Cynthia (1989). 2305:invasion of Afghanistan 2259:invasion of Afghanistan 2214:international relations 2103:invasion of Afghanistan 1419:International relations 290:Intersectional variants 5261:Nationalism and gender 5124:Conservative feminisms 4424:Women in the workforce 4392:Violence against women 4367:Sexual objectification 4327:Opposition to feminism 3534:Bicycling and feminism 2992:Powell, Colin (2002). 2972:Heinrich Böll Stiftung 2966:Al-Ali, Nadje (2011). 2870:Al-Ali, Nadje (2000). 2380:narratives to support 2328:. Both are inherently 2271:universal human rights 2094: 1945:Conservative feminisms 1200:Bicycling and feminism 1176:Women in the workforce 1144:Violence against women 1119:Sexual objectification 1079:Opposition to feminism 346:Vegetarian ecofeminism 5164:Women in peacekeeping 4705:Revisionist mythology 4148:Children's literature 3132:. The Huffington Post 3018:Feroz, Emran (2016). 2955:. Baden-Baden: Nomos. 2789:Said, Edward (1978). 2774:Ahmed, Leila (1992). 2191:projects. During the 2092: 1975:Feminist rhetoricians 1965:Feminist philosophers 1517:Revisionist mythology 1220:Views on prostitution 1205:Criticism of marriage 900:Children's literature 5241:Women in Afghanistan 4607:Pathways perspective 4453:Gender mainstreaming 4372:Substantive equality 4352:Reproductive justice 4302:Matriarchal religion 4160:Diversity (politics) 3128:Hayden, Tom (2011). 2548:Wells, Matt (2003). 2280:September 11 attacks 2212:throughout realm of 2123:conceptual framework 1955:Feminist art critics 1930:Feminist comic books 1887:Lists and categories 1566:By continent/country 1397:Pathways perspective 1280:Gender mainstreaming 1215:Views on pornography 1124:Substantive equality 1104:Reproductive justice 1054:Matriarchal religion 912:Diversity (politics) 853:Political lesbianism 163:Other women's rights 5189:Feminism portal 5069:Ecofeminist authors 4919:Trinidad and Tobago 4859:Republic of Ireland 4720:Composition studies 4402:Women's empowerment 4357:Sex workers' rights 4282:Feminist capitalism 4262:Internalized sexism 4200:Feminism in culture 4083:Kurdish (Jineology) 3063:Russo, Ann (2006). 2247:Bush administration 2208:The history of the 2136:embedded journalism 2053:Feminism portal 1960:Feminist economists 1950:Ecofeminist authors 1755:Trinidad and Tobago 1695:Republic of Ireland 1387:Composition studies 1154:Women's empowerment 1109:Sex workers' rights 1034:Feminist capitalism 1014:Internalized sexism 952:Feminism in culture 65:History of feminism 16:Concept in feminism 4565:Literary criticism 4443:Complementarianism 4170:Effects on society 4138:Complementarianism 3950:Women's liberation 3215:10.1057/fr.1988.42 2823:10.1057/fr.1988.42 2251:situation of women 2152:women's liberation 2095: 1365:Literary criticism 1230:Views on sexuality 922:Effects on society 890:Complementarianism 870:Women's liberation 625:Religious variants 599:trans-exclusionary 317:Radical lesbianism 5218: 5217: 5172: 5171: 4582:Political ecology 4488:Écriture fĂ©minine 4387:Triple oppression 4377:Toxic masculinity 4362:Sexual harassment 4227:Feminist stripper 4205:Feminist movement 4124: 4123: 4062:Ethnic and racial 3663: 3662: 2388:Contextualisation 2098:Embedded feminism 2087: 2086: 2038: 2037: 1557: 1556: 1547:womanist theology 1490:Political ecology 1321:Écriture fĂ©minine 1248: 1247: 1139:Triple oppression 1129:Toxic masculinity 1114:Sexual harassment 979:Feminist stripper 957:Feminist movement 518: 517: 449:Africana womanism 280: 279: 5268: 5251:War and politics 5208: 5207: 5198: 5197: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5053: 5036:History of women 4513:Political theory 4414: 4407:Women-only space 4292:Likeability trap 4180:Female education 3676: 3671: 3631:African-American 3561:Women's suffrage 3552: 3539:Feminist history 3481: 3461: 3454: 3447: 3438: 3413: 3412: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3354: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3236: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2844: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2713: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2654: 2644: 2638: 2637: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2578: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2476: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2439: 2312:" women from an 2079: 2072: 2065: 2051: 2050: 2049: 1990:Feminist parties 1985:Muslim feminists 1980:Jewish feminists 1891: 1872:History of women 1495:Political theory 1263: 1193: 1166: 1159:Women-only space 1044:Likeability trap 932:Female education 746:Anti-pornography 601: 600: 596: 312:Lesbian of color 295: 172:Women's suffrage 148:Muslim countries 143:Women's suffrage 60:Feminist history 53: 42: 19: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5265: 5221: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5205: 5183: 5181: 5168: 5112: 5044: 5043: 5042: 4951:Northern Cyprus 4723: 4715:Science fiction 4508:Oedipus complex 4468:Women's studies 4430: 4429: 4428: 4412: 4322:Oedipus complex 4312:Men in feminism 4277:Language reform 4257:Ideal womanhood 4237:Gender equality 4232:Formal equality 4195:Feminationalism 4120: 4088:Native American 4057: 4056: 4055: 3954: 3864:Post-structural 3669: 3659: 3555: 3548: 3544:Women's history 3522: 3470: 3465: 3421: 3419:Further reading 3416: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3337:(66): 433–439. 3328: 3327: 3323: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3202:Feminist Review 3195: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3025: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2894: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2810:Feminist Review 2803: 2802: 2798: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2663: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2591: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2532: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2509: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2424:Femonationalism 2415: 2390: 2343:neo-imperialist 2322: 2206: 2165:Chandra Mohanty 2148: 2115: 2107:interventionism 2083: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2039: 1941: 1888: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1787:Northern Cyprus 1567: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1375:Science fiction 1326: 1305:Women's studies 1270:Feminist method 1260: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1190: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1164: 1074:Oedipus complex 1064:Men in feminism 1029:Language reform 1009:Ideal womanhood 989:Gender equality 984:Formal equality 947:Feminationalism 884: 876: 875: 874: 831:Post-structural 730: 720: 719: 718: 627: 617: 616: 615: 598: 595:Gender-critical 594: 593: 544:Femonationalism 528: 520: 519: 514: 493:Native American 433: 388:Critical theory 350: 292: 282: 281: 276: 231:Second Republic 159: 129: 96: 70:Women's history 50: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5274: 5272: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5223: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5202: 5192: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5157:SCUM Manifesto 5153: 5148: 5143: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5126: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5059: 5050: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5028: 5026:United Kingdom 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4922: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4700:Existentialism 4697: 4692: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4675: 4670: 4669: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4656:Existentialism 4653: 4652: 4651: 4649:Justice ethics 4641: 4636: 4631: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4448:Gender studies 4445: 4440: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4419:Women's rights 4416: 4413:Women's health 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4297:Male privilege 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4266:International 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4151: 4150: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3977: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3745: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3682: 3680: 3673: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3633: 3628: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3609:United Kingdom 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3464: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3414: 3398: 3383: 3366: 3321: 3302: 3276: 3254: 3247: 3221: 3188: 3173: 3158: 3143: 3120: 3094: 3075:(4): 557–580. 3055: 3033: 3010: 2984: 2958: 2942: 2931:. The Guardian 2919: 2910: 2901: 2892: 2877: 2862: 2855: 2829: 2796: 2781: 2766: 2747:(3): 783–790. 2731: 2724: 2698: 2683: 2668: 2661: 2639: 2596: 2589: 2563: 2552:. The Guardian 2540: 2517: 2494: 2487: 2461: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2414: 2411: 2389: 2386: 2382:state security 2355:fundamentalist 2339:Gayatri Spivak 2337:on their own. 2321: 2318: 2223:George W. Bush 2205: 2202: 2147: 2144: 2114: 2111: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2074: 2067: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1970:Feminist poets 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1940: 1939: 1937:Feminist songs 1934: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1913:by nationality 1905: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1864: 1862:United Kingdom 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1473:Existentialism 1470: 1469: 1468: 1466:Justice ethics 1458: 1453: 1448: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1424:Constructivism 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1331:Areas of study 1328: 1327: 1325: 1324: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1275:Gender studies 1272: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1240:SCUM Manifesto 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1171:Women's rights 1168: 1165:Women's health 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1049:Male privilege 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1018:International 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 975: 974: 969: 964: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 903: 902: 892: 886: 885: 882: 881: 878: 877: 873: 872: 867: 865:Technofeminism 862: 861: 860: 855: 850: 840: 839: 838: 828: 823: 822: 821: 820: 819: 809: 804: 794: 793: 792: 791: 790: 775: 770: 765: 764: 763: 758: 748: 743: 738: 732: 731: 726: 725: 722: 721: 717: 716: 711: 710: 709: 699: 694: 689: 688: 687: 682: 677: 667: 666: 665: 660: 655: 650: 640: 635: 629: 628: 623: 622: 619: 618: 614: 613: 608: 603: 590: 589: 588: 583: 578: 568: 563: 562: 561: 551: 546: 541: 536: 530: 529: 527:Other variants 526: 525: 522: 521: 516: 515: 513: 512: 507: 502: 497: 496: 495: 485: 484: 483: 473: 472: 471: 466: 461: 451: 445: 442: 441: 435: 434: 432: 431: 426: 425: 424: 419: 409: 408: 407: 397: 396: 395: 390: 380: 375: 374: 373: 362: 359: 358: 352: 351: 349: 348: 343: 342: 341: 331: 326: 325: 324: 319: 314: 304: 298: 293: 288: 287: 284: 283: 278: 277: 275: 274: 273: 272: 262: 261: 260: 255: 253:Cayman Islands 248:United Kingdom 245: 240: 239: 238: 233: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 179: 176: 175: 168: 167: 166: 165: 158: 157: 156: 155: 150: 139: 136: 135: 131: 130: 128: 127: 122: 117: 112: 106: 103: 102: 98: 97: 95: 94: 93: 92: 87: 82: 77: 67: 62: 56: 51: 48: 47: 44: 43: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5273: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5236:War on terror 5234: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5211: 5203: 5201: 5193: 5191: 5190: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5031:United States 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4879:Latin America 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4710:Technoscience 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4560:Art criticism 4558: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4473:Men's studies 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4382:Transmisogyny 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4342:Purplewashing 4340: 4338: 4337:Protofeminism 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4252:Honor killing 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3928:Transnational 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3797:Individualist 3795: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3696:Anti-abortion 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3666: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3621:United States 3619: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3462: 3457: 3455: 3450: 3448: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3402: 3399: 3394: 3387: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3303: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3277: 3265: 3258: 3255: 3250: 3248:9780252011085 3244: 3240: 3235: 3234: 3225: 3222: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3189: 3184: 3177: 3174: 3169: 3162: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3144: 3131: 3124: 3121: 3109: 3105: 3098: 3095: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3059: 3056: 3044: 3037: 3034: 3021: 3014: 3011: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2985: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2946: 2943: 2930: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2905: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2888: 2881: 2878: 2873: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2856:9780754644811 2852: 2848: 2843: 2842: 2833: 2830: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2800: 2797: 2792: 2785: 2782: 2777: 2770: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2725:9780252011085 2721: 2717: 2712: 2711: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2687: 2684: 2679: 2672: 2669: 2664: 2662:9780520069848 2658: 2653: 2652: 2643: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2597: 2592: 2590:9780754644811 2586: 2582: 2577: 2576: 2567: 2564: 2551: 2544: 2541: 2528: 2521: 2518: 2505: 2498: 2495: 2490: 2488:9780754644811 2484: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2465: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2450:(35): 90–93. 2449: 2445: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2407:globalization 2404: 2400: 2396: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2378:patriarchical 2375: 2371: 2370:Cynthia Enloe 2367: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2327: 2326:War on Terror 2319: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2292:War on Terror 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2267:War on Terror 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2245:In 2001, the 2243: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2230:specifically 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2210:War on Terror 2204:War on Terror 2203: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2173:modernization 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2131:War on Terror 2128: 2124: 2120: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2091: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2044: 2043: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1884: 1883: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1867:United States 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1715:Latin America 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1563: 1562: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1537:Technoscience 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1360:Art criticism 1358: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1310:Men's studies 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1253: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1210:Views on BDSM 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1186: 1185: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1134:Transmisogyny 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1094:Purplewashing 1092: 1090: 1089:Protofeminism 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1004:Honor killing 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 959: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 901: 898: 897: 896: 893: 891: 888: 887: 880: 879: 871: 868: 866: 863: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 845: 844: 841: 837: 834: 833: 832: 829: 827: 824: 818: 815: 814: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 799: 798: 795: 789: 786: 785: 784: 781: 780: 779: 778:Individualist 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 762: 759: 757: 754: 753: 752: 751:Cyberfeminism 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 733: 729: 724: 723: 715: 712: 708: 705: 704: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 672: 671: 668: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 645: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 630: 626: 621: 620: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 591: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 573: 572: 569: 567: 564: 560: 557: 556: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 534:Anti-abortion 532: 531: 524: 523: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 494: 491: 490: 489: 486: 482: 479: 478: 477: 474: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 456: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 444: 443: 440: 439:Multicultural 436: 430: 427: 423: 422:Transnational 420: 418: 415: 414: 413: 410: 406: 403: 402: 401: 398: 394: 391: 389: 386: 385: 384: 381: 379: 376: 372: 369: 368: 367: 364: 363: 361: 360: 357: 353: 347: 344: 340: 339:Postgenderism 337: 336: 335: 334:Transfeminism 332: 330: 327: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 309: 308: 305: 303: 300: 299: 297: 296: 291: 286: 285: 271: 268: 267: 266: 265:United States 263: 259: 256: 254: 251: 250: 249: 246: 244: 241: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 226: 224: 221: 219: 218:Liechtenstein 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 180: 178: 177: 173: 169: 164: 161: 160: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 144: 141: 140: 138: 137: 132: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 107: 105: 104: 99: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 72: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 57: 55: 54: 46: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33: 29: 25: 21: 20: 5180: 5155: 5099:Rhetoricians 5089:Philosophers 4981:Saudi Arabia 4777:South Africa 4639:Epistemology 4592:Anthropology 4587:Architecture 4550:Legal theory 4458:Gynocentrism 4397:War on women 4332:Pro-feminism 4287:Gender-blind 4242:Gender quota 4215:Art movement 4012:Dianic Wicca 3891:Sex-positive 3854:Postcolonial 3721:Conservative 3701:Anti-fascist 3408: 3401: 3392: 3386: 3376: 3369: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3293:. Retrieved 3289: 3279: 3267:. Retrieved 3257: 3232: 3224: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3182: 3176: 3167: 3161: 3152: 3146: 3134:. Retrieved 3123: 3111:. Retrieved 3107: 3097: 3072: 3068: 3058: 3046:. Retrieved 3036: 3024:. Retrieved 3013: 3001:. Retrieved 2997: 2987: 2975:. Retrieved 2971: 2961: 2952: 2945: 2933:. Retrieved 2922: 2913: 2904: 2895: 2886: 2880: 2871: 2865: 2840: 2832: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2790: 2784: 2775: 2769: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2709: 2701: 2692: 2686: 2677: 2671: 2650: 2642: 2612:(1): 19–36. 2609: 2605: 2599: 2574: 2566: 2554:. Retrieved 2543: 2531:. Retrieved 2520: 2508:. Retrieved 2497: 2472: 2464: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2391: 2366:gender roles 2323: 2314:orientalised 2244: 2236:Afghan woman 2219:US President 2207: 2169:orientalized 2161:white savior 2157:Global North 2149: 2140: 2117:Originally, 2116: 2097: 2096: 1817:Saudi Arabia 1613:South Africa 1456:Epistemology 1431:Legal theory 1350:Architecture 1340:Anthropology 1319: 1285:Gynocentrism 1149:War on women 1084:Pro-feminism 1039:Gender-blind 994:Gender quota 967:Art movement 741:Anti-fascist 675:Dianic Wicca 585: 554:Postfeminism 429:Xenofeminism 412:Postcolonial 329:Sex-positive 5246:Orientalism 5139:Comic books 5064:Art critics 4986:South Korea 4966:Philippines 4946:New Zealand 4941:Netherlands 4673:Pornography 4661:Metaphysics 4602:Criminology 4597:Archaeology 4570:Film theory 4272:Women's Day 4022:Ecofeminist 3881:Reactionary 3829:Materialist 3604:Switzerland 3599:New Zealand 3518:Fourth-wave 3501:Second-wave 3352:10453/15937 3318:(1): 12–30. 3183:Orientalism 3168:Orientalism 2791:Orientalism 2626:11250/93478 2403:Afghanistan 2384:interests. 2330:Eurocentric 2189:nationalist 2181:colonialism 1822:South Korea 1802:Philippines 1782:New Zealand 1777:Netherlands 1500:Pornography 1478:Metaphysics 1392:Criminology 1370:Film theory 1345:Archaeology 1024:Women's Day 826:Libertarian 768:Ecofeminism 685:Ecofeminist 566:Reactionary 559:Neofeminism 500:Multiracial 405:Ecofeminist 400:Materialist 243:Switzerland 223:New Zealand 5225:Categories 5129:Literature 5074:Economists 4794:Bangladesh 4728:By country 4678:Psychology 4634:Empiricism 4629:Aesthetics 4624:Philosophy 4483:Patriarchy 4463:Matriarchy 4268:Girl's Day 4247:Girl power 4220:In hip hop 4143:Literature 4078:Indigenous 4017:Reclaiming 3913:Standpoint 3886:Separatism 3859:Postmodern 3753:Vegetarian 3743:Difference 3686:Analytical 3513:Third-wave 3496:First-wave 3295:30 October 3269:30 October 3136:30 October 3113:30 October 3048:30 October 3026:30 October 3003:30 October 2977:30 October 2935:30 October 2556:30 October 2533:30 October 2510:30 October 2444:Peripherie 2430:References 2253:under the 2227:terrorists 2193:Nasser era 2185:patriarchy 2018:Categories 1920:Literature 1630:Bangladesh 1505:Psychology 1451:Empiricism 1446:Aesthetics 1441:Philosophy 1315:Patriarchy 1300:Matriarchy 1020:Girl's Day 999:Girl power 972:In hip hop 895:Literature 858:Separatist 836:Postmodern 802:Difference 736:Analytical 680:Reclaiming 488:Indigenous 393:Standpoint 322:Separatist 174:by country 4884:Argentina 4844:Indonesia 4834:Hong Kong 4789:Australia 4690:Seriality 4614:Geography 4540:Sociology 4493:Economics 4478:Kyriarchy 3980:Christian 3960:Religious 3901:Socialist 3691:Anarchist 3636:States of 3574:Australia 3208:: 61–88. 2816:: 61–88. 2634:220348728 2359:Hegemonic 2351:hegemonic 1908:Feminists 1720:Argentina 1680:Indonesia 1670:Hong Kong 1625:Australia 1532:Sociology 1414:Geography 1404:Economics 1295:Male gaze 1290:Kyriarchy 761:Networked 643:Christian 378:Jineology 366:Anarchist 356:Socialist 236:Francoist 188:Australia 134:Timelines 5231:Feminism 5200:Category 5134:American 5006:Thailand 4961:Pakistan 4931:Malaysia 4914:Paraguay 4904:Honduras 4752:Ethiopia 4619:Pedagogy 4545:Rhetoric 4535:Sexology 4528:Womanist 4523:Thealogy 4518:Theology 4317:Misogyny 4190:Femicide 4175:Equality 4129:Concepts 4044:Orthodox 4007:Neopagan 3995:Womanist 3975:Buddhist 3943:Africana 3938:Womanism 3834:Maternal 3824:Lipstick 3790:Activism 3760:Equality 3726:Cultural 3711:Carceral 3646:Virginia 3626:Timeline 3569:Timeline 3506:timeline 3491:Timeline 3468:Feminism 3361:28792889 3089:32844724 3022:. taz.de 2761:19417513 2413:See also 2232:American 2177:imperial 2119:Canadian 1903:Articles 1842:Thailand 1797:Pakistan 1767:Malaysia 1750:Paraguay 1740:Honduras 1588:Ethiopia 1542:Theology 1527:Sexology 1522:Sex wars 1436:Pedagogy 1189:Outlooks 1069:Misogyny 942:Femicide 927:Equality 883:Concepts 848:Cultural 807:Equality 788:Stiletto 783:Lipstick 707:Orthodox 670:Neopagan 658:Womanist 638:Buddhist 586:Embedded 581:Imperial 576:Carceral 549:Maternal 510:Womanism 198:Colombia 85:Canadian 75:American 32:Feminism 24:a series 22:Part of 5146:Parties 5021:Ukraine 5016:Vietnam 4926:Lebanon 4824:Germany 4814:Finland 4809:Denmark 4784:Albania 4772:Senegal 4767:Nigeria 4683:Therapy 4666:Science 4577:Biology 4105:Mizrahi 4073:Chicana 4034:Islamic 3970:Atheist 3906:Marxist 3876:Radical 3812:Liberal 3807:Lesbian 3785:Hip hop 3765:Eugenic 3706:Atheist 3679:General 3651:Wyoming 3484:General 3476:History 2347:Taliban 2284:Taliban 2275:Taliban 2263:framing 2255:Taliban 2113:Concept 1857:Ukraine 1852:Vietnam 1762:Lebanon 1660:Germany 1650:Finland 1645:Denmark 1620:Albania 1608:Senegal 1603:Nigeria 1510:Therapy 1483:science 1382:Biology 843:Radical 797:Liberal 773:Eugenic 697:Islamic 633:Atheist 481:Lesbian 476:Chicana 469:Ratchet 464:Lesbian 459:Hip hop 383:Marxist 307:Lesbian 183:Austria 80:British 49:History 5160:(1967) 5084:Muslim 5079:Jewish 5057:People 5011:Turkey 5001:Taiwan 4991:Sweden 4976:Russia 4971:Poland 4956:Norway 4909:Mexico 4889:Brazil 4864:Israel 4829:Greece 4819:France 4799:Canada 4737:Africa 4644:Ethics 4503:Method 4436:Theory 4347:Racism 4112:Romani 4100:Jewish 4039:Jewish 3985:Mormon 3933:Victim 3896:Social 3869:French 3817:Equity 3780:Global 3716:Choice 3589:Kuwait 3579:Canada 3527:Social 3359:  3245:  3241:–313. 3087:  2853:  2759:  2722:  2718:–313. 2659:  2632:  2587:  2485:  2399:Kosovo 2363:binary 2335:agency 1847:Turkey 1837:Taiwan 1827:Sweden 1812:Russia 1807:Poland 1792:Norway 1745:Mexico 1725:Brazil 1700:Israel 1665:Greece 1655:France 1635:Canada 1573:Africa 1461:Ethics 1258:Theory 1099:Racism 812:Social 702:Jewish 648:Mormon 606:Victim 539:Equity 505:Romani 417:Global 270:states 227:Spain 213:Kuwait 193:Canada 125:Fourth 115:Second 90:German 5210:Index 5117:Other 5094:Poets 5049:Lists 4996:Syria 4936:Nepal 4899:Haiti 4894:Chile 4874:Japan 4869:Italy 4839:India 4804:China 4757:Ghana 4747:Egypt 4307:Media 4117:White 4068:Black 4029:Hindu 4000:Asian 3923:Trans 3918:State 3849:Post- 3802:Labor 3731:Cyber 3614:Wales 3584:Japan 3357:S2CID 3085:S2CID 2849:–71. 2757:S2CID 2630:S2CID 2583:–71. 2481:–71. 2374:trope 2310:other 2240:white 2197:Egypt 1894:Lists 1832:Syria 1772:Nepal 1735:Haiti 1730:Chile 1710:Japan 1705:Italy 1675:India 1640:China 1593:Ghana 1583:Egypt 1059:Media 817:Labor 692:Hindu 663:Asian 611:White 571:State 454:Black 371:Queer 258:Wales 208:Japan 203:India 120:Third 110:First 101:Waves 4854:Iraq 4849:Iran 4762:Mali 4270:and 4093:SĂĄmi 4051:Sikh 3839:Neo- 3641:Utah 3297:2016 3290:RAWA 3271:2016 3243:ISBN 3138:2016 3115:2016 3108:RAWA 3050:2016 3028:2016 3005:2016 2979:2016 2937:2016 2851:ISBN 2720:ISBN 2657:ISBN 2585:ISBN 2558:2016 2535:2016 2529:. DW 2512:2016 2483:ISBN 2401:and 2395:Iraq 2300:NGOs 2296:Bush 2183:and 1690:Iraq 1685:Iran 1598:Mali 1409:FDPA 1022:and 714:Sikh 4555:Art 3990:New 3844:New 3770:Fat 3748:Eco 3736:HCI 3347:hdl 3339:doi 3239:271 3210:doi 3077:doi 2818:doi 2749:doi 2745:104 2716:271 2622:hdl 2614:doi 2452:doi 2448:133 2195:in 1355:Art 756:HCI 653:New 597:or 302:Fat 5227:: 3355:. 3345:. 3335:25 3333:. 3316:17 3314:. 3288:. 3206:30 3204:. 3200:. 3106:. 3083:. 3071:. 3067:. 2996:. 2970:. 2847:51 2814:30 2812:. 2808:. 2755:. 2743:. 2628:. 2620:. 2610:20 2608:. 2581:51 2479:51 2446:. 2397:, 2221:, 2109:. 153:US 26:on 3460:e 3453:t 3446:v 3363:. 3349:: 3341:: 3299:. 3273:. 3251:. 3218:. 3212:: 3140:. 3117:. 3091:. 3079:: 3073:8 3052:. 3030:. 3007:. 2981:. 2939:. 2859:. 2826:. 2820:: 2763:. 2751:: 2728:. 2665:. 2636:. 2624:: 2616:: 2593:. 2560:. 2537:. 2514:. 2491:. 2458:. 2454:: 2308:" 2134:" 2078:e 2071:t 2064:v

Index

a series
Feminism

Feminist history
History of feminism
Women's history
American
British
Canadian
German
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Women's suffrage
Muslim countries
US
Other women's rights
Women's suffrage
Austria
Australia
Canada
Colombia
India
Japan
Kuwait
Liechtenstein
New Zealand
Second Republic
Francoist

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