836:"In order that the Rogation Days and Ember Days may be adapted to the different regions and different needs of the faithful, the Conferences of Bishops should arrange the time and manner in which they are held. Consequently, concerning their duration, whether they are to last one or more days, or be repeated in the course of the year, norms are to be established by the competent authority, taking into consideration local needs. The Mass for each day of these celebrations should be chosen from among the Masses for Various Needs, and should be one which is more particularly appropriate to the purpose of the supplications."
2019:
3029:
1032:
31:
851:, the September Ember Days are still (optionally) observed on the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after Holy Cross Day, so that if September 14 is a Sunday, Monday, or Tuesday, the Ember Days fall on the following Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday (in the second week of September) whereas they fall a week later (in the third week of September) for the Roman Catholic Church.
533:, so that to quote Pope Leo's words (A.D. 440–461) the law of abstinence might apply to every season of the year. In Leo's time, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday were already days of special observance. In order to tie them to the fasts preparatory to the three great festivals of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost, a fourth needed to be added "for the sake of symmetry" as the
766:
The ember days began on the
Wednesday immediately following those days. This meant, for instance, that if September 14 were a Tuesday, the ember days would occur on September 15, 17, and 18. As a result, the ember days in September could fall after either the second or third Sunday in September. This
692:
shifted the First Sunday in
September to what the name literally implies, and by implication, Ember Week to the Week beginning with the Sunday after Holy Cross day. Therefore, in a year that September 14 falls on a Sunday, Monday, or Tuesday, the Ember Days for Western Rite Orthodox and Anglicans are
1139:
Wind-based: The season after the ember days will have as a prevailing wind the prevailing one during the ember days (some just consider the wind at midnight). That wind usually has an associated weather. Hence, if the southern wind brings dry air and clear skies, a southern wind during the winter
481:
Possibly occasioned by the agricultural feasts of ancient Rome, they came to be observed by
Christians for the sanctification of the different seasons of the year. James G. Sabak argues that the Embertide vigils were "...not based on imitating agrarian models of pre-Christian Roman practices, but
774:
modified this so that the Third Sunday was the third Sunday actually within the calendar month. Thus if
September 14 were a Sunday, September 24, 26 and 27 would be ember days, the latest dates possible. With September 14 as a Saturday, the ember days would occur on September 18, 20 and 21, the
974:
The rule that ordination of clergy should take place in the Ember weeks was set in documents traditionally associated with Pope
Gelasius I (492–496), the pontificate of Archbishop Ecgbert of York, A.D. 732–766, and referred to as a canonical rule in a capitulary of Charlemagne. It was finally
381:, and thence, by the easy corruption of dropping the first syllable, a corruption which also takes place in some other words, we get the English Ember. Thus, there is no occasion to seek after an etymology in embers; or with Nelson, to extravagate still further to the noun
551:, AD. 597, said to be acting under the direct authority of Pope Gregory the Great. The precise dates appears to have varied considerably however, and in some cases, quite significantly, the Ember Weeks lost their connection with the Christian festivals altogether.
1009:
Present Roman
Catholic canon law (1983) prefers them to be conferred on Sundays and holy days of obligation, but allows them for pastoral reason on any day. In practice the use of Saturdays, though not necessarily Ember Saturdays, still prevails. Subsequently,
477:
refers to three days set apart for fasting, abstinence, and prayer during each of the four seasons of the year. The purpose of their introduction was to thank God for the gifts of nature, to teach men to make use of them in moderation, and to assist the needy.
1339:
The book of common prayer, and administration of the sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies of the church, according to the use of the Church of
England: together with the psalter or Psalms of David, pointed as they are to be sung or said in
1917:
1638:
1979 Book of Common Prayer, p. 18: "The Ember Days, traditionally observed on the
Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays after the First Sunday in Lent, the Day of Pentecost, Holy Cross Day, and December 13"
869:
hierarchies and not by the universal calendar of the church. The
Saturdays of Quarter Tense were considered especially appropriate for priestly ordination. The days of Quarter Tense were, until the
1493:
1928 Book of Common Prayer: "The Ember Days at the Four
Seasons, being the Wednesday, Friday. and Saturday after the First Sunday in Lent, the Feast of Pentecost, September 14, and December 13."
482:
rather on an eschatological rendering of the year punctuated by the solstices and equinoxes, and thus underscores the eschatological significance of all liturgical vigils in the city of Rome."
522:
As the Ember Days came to be associated with great feast days, they later lost their connection to agriculture and came to be regarded solely as days of penitence and prayer. It is only the
529:
The Christian observance of the seasonal Ember days had its origin as an ecclesiastical ordinance in Rome and spread from there to the rest of the Western Church. They were known as the
1143:
Considering each day separately: The Wednesday weather predicts the weather for the first month; the Friday weather for the second month and the Saturday weather for the third month.
716:
fixed the spring fast in the first week of March (then the first month), thus loosely associated with the first Sunday in Lent; the summer fast in the second week of June, after
1910:
802:
1903:
778:
Other regulations prevailed in different countries, until the inconveniences arising from the want of uniformity led to the rule now observed being laid down under
1158:
323:
3011:
1770:
767:
was always the liturgical Third Week of September, since the First Sunday of September was the Sunday closest to September 1 (August 29 to September 4).
1128:
According to folklore, the weather conditions of each of the three days of an Embertide foretell the weather conditions for the following three months.
1733:
A history of the Convocation of the Church of England, being an account of the proceedings of Anglican Ecclesiastical Councils from the earliest period
1798:
251:
986:
However, why Ember Saturdays are traditionally associated with ordinations (other than episcopal ones) is unclear. By the time of at the penultimate
3069:
2989:
1006:, even without grave reason, on all Sundays and double feasts, which included most saints' feasts and thus the great majority of the calendar.
547:
Their observance in Britain, however, was embraced earlier than in Gaul or Spain, and Christian sources connect the Ember Days observance with
854:
Some Lutheran church calendars continue the observation of Ember and Rogation days, though the practice has diminished over the past century.
1717:
1696:
1279:
3079:
2514:
2470:
2002:
1135:) is considered to predict the weather of the rest of the year. The prediction methods differ in the regions. Two frequent ones are:
673:(September 14), and as Ember Days said Wednesday and the following Friday and Saturday (W38). It has been preserved in that order by
1559:
1511:
1115:
2900:
2863:
2073:
2060:
848:
2520:
1850:
1361:
Hampton, S. (2012-09-12). "'Welcome dear feast of Lent': Rival understandings of the forty-day fast in early Stuart England".
2994:
2857:
2418:
2331:
1053:
512:
220:
504:
244:
1622:
1096:
441:, a course, running), clearly relating to the annual cycle of the year. The word occurs in such Anglo-Saxon compounds as
2873:
2851:
2717:
2337:
2325:
2189:
949:
1068:
3059:
1049:
1833:
1475:
2018:
1819:
698:
620:
180:
1075:
1042:
3089:
3064:
2868:
2652:
2320:
2315:
2151:
1302:
657:
According to an old way of counting, the first Sunday of a month (a datum important to determine the appropriate
693:
a week sooner than for those of most modern-day Catholics. When the Vatican issued the calendar specific to the
2905:
2545:
2491:
2383:
987:
237:
2792:
2271:
2840:
2787:
2777:
2767:
2457:
2447:
2309:
2266:
2256:
2239:
1994:
1984:
1307:
1082:
721:
571:
548:
2623:
2122:
1791:
1707:
3033:
2978:
2805:
2782:
2772:
2628:
2442:
2279:
2261:
2251:
2127:
1955:
1760:
999:
870:
794:
674:
669:, the first of the month, so this yielded as Ember Week precisely the week containing the Wednesday after
91:
619:
because the calendar reform in the 1970s includes specific "Late Advent" propers for Dec 17 onward, when
3084:
3074:
1409:
1015:
888:
798:
511:(492–496) speaks of all four. The earliest mention of four seasonal fasts is known from the writings of
373:, the Four Times. In French and Italian the term is the same; in Spanish and Portuguese they are simply
332:
210:
2646:
2145:
1606:
1064:
526:
Embertide, which falls around the autumn harvest, that retains any connection to the original purpose.
2929:
2378:
1226:
694:
678:
624:
304:
299:. These fasts traditionally take place on the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday of the weeks following
284:
45:
3054:
2999:
2618:
2550:
2244:
2117:
1876:
887:(the complete avoidance of meat) on the Saturdays of Quarter Tense outside Lent was removed by the
787:
783:
725:
276:
3006:
2890:
2879:
2539:
2354:
2343:
2067:
1504:
Der Liber ordinarius der Abtei St. Arnulf vor Metz : Metz, Stadtbibliothek, Ms. 132, um 1240
1163:
844:
828:
The revision of the liturgical calendar in 1969 laid down the following rules for Ember Days and
491:
2911:
2360:
540:
From Rome the Ember days gradually spread unevenly through the whole of Western Christendom. In
1743:
The Theological Significance of "Keeping Vigil" in Rome From the Fourth to the Eighth Centuries
1347:
326:
eliminated the Ember days in 1966. They remain a feature of other Western churches, such as in
2924:
2373:
1713:
1692:
1686:
1555:
1507:
1483:, The Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America
1378:
1275:
1196:
1153:
724:, September 14; and the winter fast in the complete week next before Christmas Eve, following
609:
280:
190:
40:
1731:
1323:
369:"The Latin name has remained in modern languages, though the contrary is sometimes affirmed,
2885:
2816:
2757:
2349:
2229:
1808:
1746:
1532:
1370:
1343:
1311:
1267:
976:
560:
496:
358:
300:
163:
1271:
2707:
2694:
2530:
2406:
2179:
2171:
1943:
1930:
1926:
1802:
1727:
1626:
1011:
771:
508:
486:
148:
108:
59:
49:
1895:
809:
on all Ember Days, and the faithful were encouraged (though not required) to receive the
1089:
2834:
2670:
2633:
2452:
2303:
2137:
2132:
1989:
991:
927:
903:
866:
685:
670:
648:
605:
390:
312:
292:
200:
3048:
2799:
2729:
2610:
2592:
2506:
2295:
2201:
2109:
2083:
2047:
2042:
2027:
1979:
1765:
1709:
Heortology: A History of the Christian Festivals from Their Origin to the Present Day
1403:
1234:
1168:
935:
829:
779:
598:
168:
113:
103:
81:
409:, or the like, on the general principle of their sanctity.... We meet with the term
3021:
2950:
2846:
2734:
2582:
2414:
2206:
1951:
1536:
1191:
1003:
995:
818:
1688:
Catholic Dictionary: An Abridged and Updated Edition of Modern Catholic Dictionary
1868:
1759:
1262:
Beck, Ashley (2023). "The Latin Bible and liturgy". In Houghton, H. A. G. (ed.).
2724:
2712:
2675:
2662:
2476:
2464:
2196:
2184:
2156:
2054:
2008:
1682:
1589:
1266:. Oxford handbooks series. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 429–442.
1031:
822:
544:
they do not seem to have been generally recognized much before the 8th century.
327:
3028:
1786:
2946:
2744:
2587:
2410:
2216:
1947:
1619:
1131:
In the folk meteorology of the North of Spain, the weather of the ember days (
969:
956:
883:
878:
806:
556:
523:
500:
397:, meaning "the Week of the Processions". In mediæval Germany they were called
316:
158:
138:
30:
1382:
1315:
2917:
2824:
2680:
2555:
2500:
2366:
2285:
2161:
2091:
2036:
1665:
942:
825:
excluded the Ember Days as days of fast and abstinence for Roman Catholics.
810:
717:
644:
385:, a recurrence, as if all holy seasons did not equally recur. Ember-week in
308:
1527:
Neale, John Mason (1852). "Christian festivals and their household words".
17:
3016:
2702:
2574:
1374:
1296:
732:
689:
507:
institution. When the fourth season was added cannot be ascertained, but
125:
948:
The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after September 14- the Feast of the
1238:
1201:
1173:
1056: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
874:
814:
272:
1750:
763:"Lenty, Penty, Crucy, Lucy" is a shorter mnemonic for when they fall.
319:
ceremonies are often held on Ember Saturdays or the following Sunday.
2752:
2431:
2224:
1968:
1827:
658:
594:
336:
provides for the Ember days, in practice observed in different ways.
71:
1018:(and Saturdays around it) have come much in use as ordination days.
1204:: A Japanese dish possibly derived from ember-day fasting practices
955:
The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday following December 13- Feast of
1229:. "Aenham" was identified as "probably Ensham, in Oxfordshire" by
1222:
896:
564:
552:
386:
29:
2981:
in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.
1402:
990:, major orders could also be conferred on the Saturday preceding
840:
They may appear in some calendars as "days of prayer for peace".
720:; the autumnal fast in the third week of September following the
2602:
2565:
2101:
637:
541:
519:
119). He also connects them with the great Christian festivals.
130:
2404:
1941:
1899:
701:, it assigned the Ember Days to the traditional, earlier dates.
1025:
315:(14 September), though some areas follow a different pattern.
38:, cooked by following a medieval English recipe from the book
1605:, nos. 46–47 (2010 ICEL translation); for the Latin text see
465:, "the fasts of the four seasons which are called "imbren'".
586:, the weeks in which the Ember Days occur, are these weeks:
429:(1913) prefer the view that it derives from the Anglo-Saxon
1851:""Hace veintisĂ©is años, tampoco yo creĂa en las tĂ©mporas""
1774:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
975:
established as a law of the church in the pontificate of
1477:
2015 Calendar - The Orthodox Church throughout the world
1603:
Universal Norms of the Liturgical Year and the Calendar
1434:
1432:
895:
The term "quarter tense" is derived from the official
357:
There are various views as to etymology. According to
1608:
Normae universales de anno liturgico et de calendario
461:
occurs in the acts of the "Council of Ænham" (1009):
417:
being the then word for travail. Why they were named
2815:
2743:
2693:
2661:
2601:
2573:
2564:
2529:
2490:
2430:
2294:
2215:
2170:
2100:
2082:
2026:
1967:
1506:. Freiburg: Universitätsverlag. 1987. p. 251.
654:September: the liturgical Third Week of September.
1295:
1413:. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
531:jejunium vernum, aestivum, autumnale and hiernale
770:As a simplification of the liturgical calendar,
489:had fasts in June, September, and December. The
271:in Ireland) are quarterly periods of prayer and
834:
753:
737:
636:March: between the first and second Sundays in
367:
1877:"meteorologia - Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia"
1529:The Christian Remembrancer. A Quarterly Review
623:was issued with a particular calendar for the
499:(217–222) a law regulating the fast, although
1911:
1159:Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church
934:The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday following
731:These dates are given in the following Latin
627:, the Vatican assigned the Ember Days to the
324:fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church
245:
8:
899:name; "quattuor tempora" ("the four times").
1822:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
1233:, p. 44. The site would have been the
930:for the observation of Quarter Tense were:
843:They were made optional by churches of the
740:
349:
2570:
2427:
2401:
1964:
1938:
1918:
1904:
1896:
1396:
1394:
1392:
793:Prior to the reforms instituted after the
463:jejunia quatuor tempora quae imbren vocant
252:
238:
55:
1116:Learn how and when to remove this message
941:The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after
881:. However, in Ireland, the obligation of
817:whenever possible. On February 17, 1966,
744:quod sit in angaria quarta sequens feria.
1787:Readings and Litanies for the Ember Days
1423:
1230:
593:between the third and fourth Sundays of
27:Three days fasting and prayer, quarterly
1745:(PhD). Catholic University of America.
1666:"Ember Days Folklore", Farmers' Almanac
1462:
1254:
1214:
574:, ember days have never been observed.
58:
44:, a Middle English cook book stored in
1438:
1264:The Oxford handbook of the Latin Bible
742:Dat crux Lucia cineres charismata dia
612:places them in the week following the
1712:. K. Paul, Trench, TrĂĽbner & Co.
1450:
48:. The recipe was originally made for
7:
1706:Kellner, Karl Adam Heinrich (1908).
1324:participating institution membership
1272:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190886097.013.2
1054:adding citations to reliable sources
998:; for grave reasons, on Sundays and
922:(lit. "the days of the four times").
758:Lent, Whitsun, Holyrood, and Lucie.
661:readings) was considered the Sunday
1849:Peñalba, Javier (21 October 2009).
1342:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
865:is normally determined by national
2918:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
2912:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
2367:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
2361:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
1761:"Ember Days and Ember Weeks"
1363:The Journal of Theological Studies
945:Sunday, (liturgical colour - Red).
25:
782:as the law of the church, at the
3027:
2017:
1826:Contains a description of Roman
1588:Encyclopædia Britannica article
1407:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1030:
433:, a circuit or revolution (from
377:. The German converts them into
1041:needs additional citations for
959:, (liturgical colour - Purple).
952:, (liturgical colour - Purple).
938:, (liturgical colour - Purple).
688:, a 20th-century reform of the
3070:Catholic penitential practices
1140:embers forecasts a dry winter.
513:Philastrius, bishop of Brescia
1:
1883:(in Basque). Eusko Ikaskuntza
1820:William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D,
1348:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t81k49h7h
756:Fasting days and Emberings be
2326:Nativity of John the Baptist
1824:, John Murray, London, 1875.
1809:Caxton's translation of the
1741:Sabak, James George (2012).
950:Exaltation of the Holy Cross
920:Laethanta na gCeithre Thráth
751:Or in an old English rhyme:
1875:Garmendia Larrañaga, Juan.
1578:. 1917. pp. Par. 1252.
283:churches. The term is from
3106:
3080:Traditionalist Catholicism
3034:Catholic Church portal
1554:. CUA Press. p. 145.
1401:Mershman, Francis (1909).
1337:Church of England (1716).
967:
699:Divine Worship: The Missal
621:Divine Worship: The Missal
567:in the sixteenth century.
503:(440–461) considers it an
457:("Ember days"). The word
354:(literally 'four times').
348:originates from the Latin
2967:
2938:
2718:Mass of the Lord's Supper
2426:
2400:
2190:Mass of the Lord's Supper
2015:
1963:
1937:
1758:Venables, Edmund (1911).
1550:Morrow, Maria C. (2016).
1303:Oxford English Dictionary
775:earliest possible dates.
559:in the eleventh century.
2092:Presentation of the Lord
1836:The Old Farmer's Almanac
1656:See can. 1010, CIC 1983.
988:Code of Canon Law (1917)
427:The Tutorial Prayer Book
421:it is less easy to say."
291:, possibly derived from
221:Dedication of the Church
2979:holy days of obligation
2891:Exaltation of the Cross
2515:Octave Day of Christmas
2355:Exaltation of the Cross
1805:at Medieval Sourcebook
1771:Encyclopædia Britannica
1647:See can. 1006, CIC 1917
1537:2027/mdp.39015030531142
1308:Oxford University Press
1000:holy days of obligation
722:Exaltation of the Cross
572:Eastern Orthodox Church
549:Augustine of Canterbury
535:Encyclopædia Britannica
425:Neil and Willoughby in
288:
2852:Saint John the Baptist
1881:Auñamendi Encyclopedia
1814:at catholicsaints.info
1316:10.1093/OED/5126613664
1186:Lady of the Ember Days
873:, times of obligatory
871:Second Vatican Council
838:
795:Second Vatican Council
761:
749:
741:
675:Western Rite Orthodoxy
616:Sunday in Advent (W50)
555:adopted them with the
423:
394:
363:Essays of Liturgiology
350:
296:
53:
2858:Saints Peter and Paul
2764:Sundays after Easter
2471:Immaculate Conception
2332:Saints Peter and Paul
2003:Immaculate Conception
1871:, folk meteorologist.
1857:(in European Spanish)
1576:Codex Iuris Canonicis
1410:Catholic Encyclopedia
926:The old dates in the
799:Roman Catholic Church
695:Personal Ordinariates
679:Personal Ordinariates
631:week of Advent (W49).
625:Personal Ordinariates
563:introduced them into
395:"Wythnos y cydgorian"
333:Book of Common Prayer
33:
2930:Presentation of Mary
2556:Purification of Mary
2379:Presentation of Mary
1736:. London: J. Leslie.
1050:improve this article
964:Ordination of clergy
305:first Sunday in Lent
46:John Rylands Library
2947:Ordinary Procession
2551:Baptism of the Lord
2245:Divine Mercy Sunday
2074:Baptism of the Lord
2061:Mary, Mother of God
1629:at Bartleby dot com
1306:(Online ed.).
1225:, convoked by King
1016:Sts. Peter and Paul
916:Aimsir Chátaoireach
906:, Quarter Tense is
788:Council of Clermont
784:Council of Piacenza
365:(1863), Chapter X:
303:(13 December), the
277:liturgical calendar
3060:Catholic holy days
3007:Liturgical colours
2521:Holy Name of Jesus
1843:Weather prediction
1801:2012-04-06 at the
1625:2007-02-12 at the
1552:Sin in the Sixties
1404:"Ember-days"
1375:10.1093/jts/fls111
1164:Liturgical colours
1022:Weather prediction
912:Cátaoir na timpire
845:Anglican Communion
608:lectionary of the
492:Liber Pontificalis
322:The observance of
211:Elijah–Cross–Moses
60:Liturgical seasons
54:
3042:
3041:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2949:according to the
2901:Maternity of Mary
2896:Autumn Ember Days
2830:Summer Ember Days
2689:
2688:
2641:Spring Ember Days
2482:Winter Ember Days
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2009:December 17 to 23
1867:, interview with
1794:The Golden Legend
1719:978-0-598-48312-6
1698:978-0-307-88635-4
1322:(Subscription or
1281:978-0-19-088609-7
1221:More correctly a
1197:Cross-quarter day
1154:Christian worship
1126:
1125:
1118:
1100:
1014:and the feast of
847:in 1976. In the
610:Church of England
453:("Ember fasts"),
449:("Ember weeks"),
281:Western Christian
262:
261:
16:(Redirected from
3097:
3090:Spanish folklore
3065:Catholic liturgy
3032:
3031:
2986:Older calendars
2886:Nativity of Mary
2817:Pentecost Season
2571:
2492:Christmas Season
2428:
2402:
2350:Nativity of Mary
2028:Christmas Season
2021:
1965:
1939:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1775:
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1728:Lathbury, Thomas
1723:
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1351:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1259:
1242:
1237:rather than the
1235:Abbey of Eynsham
1219:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1058:
1034:
1026:
977:Pope Gregory VII
849:Episcopal Church
746:
681:, and Anglicans.
561:Charles Borromeo
497:Pope Callixtus I
359:John Mason Neale
353:
254:
247:
240:
56:
21:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3094:
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3044:
3043:
3038:
3026:
2955:
2934:
2906:Christ the King
2874:Transfiguration
2811:
2739:
2695:Paschal Triduum
2685:
2657:
2597:
2560:
2531:Epiphany Season
2525:
2486:
2422:
2407:Tridentine Mass
2388:
2384:Christ the King
2338:Transfiguration
2290:
2211:
2172:Paschal Triduum
2166:
2096:
2078:
2022:
2013:
1959:
1933:
1931:Catholic Church
1927:Liturgical year
1924:
1886:
1884:
1874:
1869:eu:Pello Zabala
1860:
1858:
1855:El Diario Vasco
1848:
1845:
1803:Wayback Machine
1783:
1778:
1757:
1740:
1726:
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1627:Wayback Machine
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1105:
1102:
1059:
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1047:
1035:
1024:
1012:Pentecost Vigil
972:
966:
860:
772:Pope John XXIII
760:
757:
748:
743:
710:
686:Roman Catholics
677:, the Catholic
580:
515:(died ca 387) (
509:Pope Gelasius I
471:
445:("Embertide"),
371:Quatuor Tempora
351:quatuor tempora
342:
311:(Whitsun), and
297:quatuor tempora
258:
149:Paschal Triduum
50:King Richard II
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3103:
3101:
3093:
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3087:
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2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2925:All Souls' Day
2922:
2921:
2920:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2864:Precious Blood
2861:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2841:Corpus Christi
2837:
2835:Trinity Sunday
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2797:
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2705:
2699:
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2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Passion Sunday
2667:
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2496:
2494:
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2477:Greater Ferias
2474:
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2434:
2424:
2423:
2405:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:All Souls' Day
2371:
2370:
2369:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2310:Corpus Christi
2306:
2304:Trinity Sunday
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
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2234:
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2232:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
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2187:
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2167:
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2154:
2149:
2142:
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2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
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2094:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
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2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1961:
1960:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1872:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1834:"Ember Days",
1831:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1789:
1782:
1781:External links
1779:
1777:
1776:
1766:Chisholm, Hugh
1755:
1738:
1724:
1718:
1703:
1697:
1678:
1676:
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1531:. 23–24: 387.
1519:
1512:
1495:
1486:
1467:
1465:, p. 186.
1455:
1443:
1441:, p. 171.
1428:
1416:
1388:
1369:(2): 608–648.
1353:
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1038:
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1029:
1023:
1020:
992:Passion Sunday
968:Main article:
965:
962:
961:
960:
953:
946:
939:
928:Irish calendar
924:
923:
904:Irish language
900:
867:Roman Catholic
859:
856:
754:
738:
726:St. Lucy's Day
709:
706:
705:
704:
703:
702:
682:
671:Holy Cross Day
652:
649:Trinity Sunday
643:June: between
641:
634:
633:
632:
617:
606:Common Worship
602:
579:
576:
487:Church in Rome
485:At first, the
470:
467:
451:ymbren-fisstan
437:, around, and
341:
338:
313:Holy Cross Day
260:
259:
257:
256:
249:
242:
234:
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201:Dormition Fast
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191:Apostles' Fast
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128:
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121:
106:
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100:
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68:Pre-Christmas
63:
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36:Ymber Day Tart
26:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
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2993:
2991:
2988:
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2977:marks the 10
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2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2800:Rogation Days
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2753:Easter Sunday
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2745:Easter Season
2742:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Holy Saturday
2728:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2708:Holy Thursday
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2679:
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2649:
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2644:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2611:Ash Wednesday
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2593:Quinquagesima
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2557:
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2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:Christmas Eve
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
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2459:
2456:
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2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2419:1960 Calendar
2416:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2365:
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2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2296:Ordinary Time
2293:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
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2250:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2225:Easter Sunday
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2217:Easter Season
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Holy Saturday
2200:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:Holy Thursday
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2110:Ash Wednesday
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2084:Ordinary Time
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2048:Midnight Mass
2046:
2044:
2043:Christmas Eve
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1956:1969 Calendar
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:Ordinary Form
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1811:Golden Legend
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:on Ember Days
1795:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1772:
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1592:
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1561:9780813228983
1557:
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1534:
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1523:
1520:
1515:
1513:9783727803444
1509:
1505:
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1456:
1452:
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1429:
1425:
1424:Venables 1911
1420:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1397:
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1236:
1232:
1231:Lathbury 1853
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Rogation days
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
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1142:
1138:
1137:
1136:
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1129:
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1095:
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1088:
1084:
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1077:
1074:
1070:
1067: –
1066:
1062:
1061:Find sources:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1039:This section
1037:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:, and on the
993:
989:
984:
982:
978:
971:
963:
958:
954:
951:
947:
944:
940:
937:
936:Ash Wednesday
933:
932:
931:
929:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:
894:
893:
892:
890:
886:
885:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
863:Quarter tense
857:
855:
852:
850:
846:
841:
837:
833:
831:
830:Rogation days
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
780:Pope Urban II
776:
773:
768:
764:
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723:
719:
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568:
566:
562:
558:
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550:
545:
543:
538:
537:1911 has it.
536:
532:
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525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:Leo the Great
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325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:St Lucy's Day
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:quarter tense
266:
255:
250:
248:
243:
241:
236:
235:
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232:
226:
222:
219:
216:
212:
209:
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199:
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192:
189:
186:
182:
179:
174:
170:
169:Ordinary Time
167:
166:
165:
162:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
127:
124:
119:
115:
114:Ordinary Time
112:
111:
110:
107:
105:
102:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
82:Nativity Fast
80:
77:
73:
70:
69:
67:
66:
65:
64:
61:
57:
51:
47:
43:
42:
41:Forme of Cury
37:
32:
19:
3085:Weather lore
3075:Quarter days
3022:Easter cycle
2974:
2951:Roman Ritual
2910:
2895:
2878:
2856:
2847:Sacred Heart
2839:
2829:
2804:
2735:Easter Vigil
2653:Annunciation
2647:Saint Joseph
2645:
2640:
2583:Septuagesima
2538:
2513:
2499:
2481:
2469:
2415:Latin Church
2359:
2342:
2330:
2316:Sacred Heart
2308:
2278:
2207:Easter Vigil
2152:Annunciation
2146:Saint Joseph
2144:
2066:
2059:
2035:
2001:
1952:Latin Church
1887:19 September
1885:. Retrieved
1880:
1861:19 September
1859:. Retrieved
1854:
1835:
1821:
1810:
1793:
1769:
1742:
1732:
1708:
1687:
1683:Hardon, John
1661:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1570:
1551:
1545:
1528:
1522:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1476:
1470:
1463:Kellner 1908
1458:
1446:
1419:
1408:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1338:
1332:
1301:
1297:"ember, n.²"
1290:
1263:
1257:
1217:
1192:Quarter days
1185:
1181:
1177:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1112:
1103:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:"Ember days"
1060:
1048:Please help
1043:verification
1040:
1008:
1004:minor orders
996:Easter Vigil
985:
980:
973:
925:
919:
915:
911:
907:
882:
862:
861:
853:
842:
839:
835:
827:
819:Pope Paul VI
792:
777:
769:
765:
762:
755:
750:
739:
730:
714:Ordo Romanus
713:
711:
666:
663:proximate to
662:
628:
613:
583:
581:
569:
546:
539:
534:
530:
528:
521:
516:
495:ascribes to
490:
484:
480:
474:
472:
462:
458:
455:ymbren-dagas
454:
450:
447:ymbren-wucan
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
424:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
382:
378:
374:
370:
368:
362:
356:
345:
343:
331:
330:, where the
321:
268:
264:
263:
224:
214:
204:
194:
184:
172:
152:
142:
134:
117:
95:
92:Annunciation
85:
75:
39:
35:
2975:Italic font
2725:Good Friday
2713:Chrism Mass
2676:Palm Sunday
2663:Passiontide
2546:Holy Family
2465:Rorate Mass
2197:Good Friday
2185:Chrism Mass
2157:Palm Sunday
2055:Holy Family
1439:Hardon 2013
1178:Quatemberca
1106:August 2023
1002:; and, for
823:Paenitemini
728:(Dec. 13).
667:on or after
584:Ember Weeks
578:Ember Weeks
411:Frohnfasten
407:Wiegefasten
328:Anglicanism
285:Old English
215:East Syriac
185:East Syriac
3055:Asceticism
3049:Categories
3000:Tridentine
2880:Assumption
2869:Visitation
2588:Sexagesima
2411:Roman Rite
2344:Assumption
2321:Visitation
1948:Roman Rite
1792:Vorgine's
1751:1961/10280
1591:Ember days
1451:Sabak 2012
1326:required.)
1249:References
1182:Kvaternica
1076:newspapers
970:Ordination
957:Saint Lucy
884:abstinence
879:abstinence
821:'s decree
807:abstinence
718:Whitsunday
590:December:
557:Roman rite
524:Michaelmas
517:De haeres.
475:Ember days
443:ymbren-tid
419:foldfasten
403:Wiegfastan
399:Weihfasten
317:Ordination
265:Ember days
139:Great Lent
18:Ember Week
2825:Pentecost
2806:Ascension
2681:Holy Week
2501:Christmas
2286:Pentecost
2280:Ascension
2162:Holy Week
2037:Christmas
1691:. Crown.
1383:0022-5185
943:Pentecost
891:in 1912.
811:sacrament
801:mandated
651:(W20–W24)
645:Pentecost
640:(W07–W11)
597:(usually
505:Apostolic
473:The term
379:Quatember
344:The word
340:Etymology
309:Pentecost
164:Pentecost
137:) /
104:Christmas
86:Byzantine
3017:Computus
2995:pre-1955
2703:Tenebrae
2615:Sundays
2575:Pre-Lent
2540:Epiphany
2439:Sundays
2236:Sundays
2114:Sundays
2068:Epiphany
1976:Sundays
1799:Archived
1730:(1853).
1685:(2013).
1623:Archived
1340:churches
1227:Ethelred
1148:See also
1133:témporas
790:, 1095.
786:and the
733:mnemonic
690:Breviary
375:Temporas
126:Pre-Lent
109:Epiphany
3012:Ranking
2413:of the
2409:of the
1950:of the
1946:of the
1929:of the
1768:(ed.).
1675:Sources
1620:Article
1202:Tempura
1174:Perchta
1090:scholar
908:Cátaoir
902:In the
889:Vatican
875:fasting
858:Ireland
815:penance
803:fasting
570:In the
469:Origins
275:in the
273:fasting
205:Eastern
195:Eastern
173:Western
153:Western
143:Eastern
135:Western
118:Western
76:Western
2971:Legend
2942:Legend
2758:Octave
2432:Advent
2230:Octave
1969:Advent
1828:feriae
1716:
1695:
1558:
1510:
1381:
1278:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1063:
983:1085.
797:, the
708:Timing
665:, not
659:Matins
614:second
595:Advent
459:imbren
431:ymbren
415:frohne
383:ymbren
289:ymbren
225:Syriac
181:Summer
159:Easter
96:Syriac
72:Advent
1764:. In
1481:(PDF)
1320:
1223:synod
1209:Notes
1097:JSTOR
1083:books
918:, or
897:Latin
629:first
565:Milan
553:Spain
391:Welsh
387:Wales
346:ember
293:Latin
2990:1955
2945:P =
2603:Lent
2566:Lent
2102:Lent
1889:2019
1863:2019
1714:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1508:ISBN
1379:ISSN
1276:ISBN
1239:town
1069:news
877:and
805:and
712:The
684:For
647:and
638:Lent
604:the
582:The
542:Gaul
439:ryne
131:Lent
2793:6th
2788:5th
2783:4th
2778:3rd
2773:2nd
2768:1st
2634:4th
2629:3rd
2624:2nd
2619:1st
2458:4th
2453:3rd
2448:2nd
2443:1st
2272:7th
2267:6th
2262:5th
2257:4th
2252:3rd
2240:2nd
2138:5th
2133:4th
2128:3rd
2123:2nd
2118:1st
1995:4th
1990:3rd
1985:2nd
1980:1st
1747:hdl
1533:hdl
1371:doi
1344:hdl
1312:doi
1268:doi
1052:by
813:of
697:in
599:W51
435:ymb
389:is
361:in
279:of
34:An
3051::
1879:.
1853:.
1431:^
1391:^
1377:.
1367:63
1365:.
1310:.
1300:.
1274:.
1184:,
1180:,
981:ca
979:,
914:,
832::
735::
413:,
405:,
401:,
393::
307:,
295::
287::
2421:)
2417:(
1958:)
1954:(
1919:e
1912:t
1905:v
1891:.
1865:.
1830:.
1753:.
1749::
1722:.
1701:.
1564:.
1539:.
1535::
1516:.
1453:.
1426:.
1385:.
1373::
1350:.
1346::
1318:.
1314::
1284:.
1270::
1241:.
1188:)
1176:(
1119:)
1113:(
1108:)
1104:(
1094:·
1087:·
1080:·
1073:·
1046:.
910:,
601:)
267:(
253:e
246:t
239:v
227:)
223:(
217:)
213:(
207:)
203:(
197:)
193:(
187:)
183:(
175:)
171:(
155:)
151:(
145:)
141:(
133:(
120:)
116:(
98:)
94:(
88:)
84:(
78:)
74:(
52:.
20:)
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