825:"In order that the Rogation Days and Ember Days may be adapted to the different regions and different needs of the faithful, the Conferences of Bishops should arrange the time and manner in which they are held. Consequently, concerning their duration, whether they are to last one or more days, or be repeated in the course of the year, norms are to be established by the competent authority, taking into consideration local needs. The Mass for each day of these celebrations should be chosen from among the Masses for Various Needs, and should be one which is more particularly appropriate to the purpose of the supplications."
2008:
3018:
1021:
20:
840:, the September Ember Days are still (optionally) observed on the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after Holy Cross Day, so that if September 14 is a Sunday, Monday, or Tuesday, the Ember Days fall on the following Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday (in the second week of September) whereas they fall a week later (in the third week of September) for the Roman Catholic Church.
522:, so that to quote Pope Leo's words (A.D. 440–461) the law of abstinence might apply to every season of the year. In Leo's time, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday were already days of special observance. In order to tie them to the fasts preparatory to the three great festivals of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost, a fourth needed to be added "for the sake of symmetry" as the
755:
The ember days began on the
Wednesday immediately following those days. This meant, for instance, that if September 14 were a Tuesday, the ember days would occur on September 15, 17, and 18. As a result, the ember days in September could fall after either the second or third Sunday in September. This
681:
shifted the First Sunday in
September to what the name literally implies, and by implication, Ember Week to the Week beginning with the Sunday after Holy Cross day. Therefore, in a year that September 14 falls on a Sunday, Monday, or Tuesday, the Ember Days for Western Rite Orthodox and Anglicans are
1128:
Wind-based: The season after the ember days will have as a prevailing wind the prevailing one during the ember days (some just consider the wind at midnight). That wind usually has an associated weather. Hence, if the southern wind brings dry air and clear skies, a southern wind during the winter
470:
Possibly occasioned by the agricultural feasts of ancient Rome, they came to be observed by
Christians for the sanctification of the different seasons of the year. James G. Sabak argues that the Embertide vigils were "...not based on imitating agrarian models of pre-Christian Roman practices, but
763:
modified this so that the Third Sunday was the third Sunday actually within the calendar month. Thus if
September 14 were a Sunday, September 24, 26 and 27 would be ember days, the latest dates possible. With September 14 as a Saturday, the ember days would occur on September 18, 20 and 21, the
963:
The rule that ordination of clergy should take place in the Ember weeks was set in documents traditionally associated with Pope
Gelasius I (492–496), the pontificate of Archbishop Ecgbert of York, A.D. 732–766, and referred to as a canonical rule in a capitulary of Charlemagne. It was finally
370:, and thence, by the easy corruption of dropping the first syllable, a corruption which also takes place in some other words, we get the English Ember. Thus, there is no occasion to seek after an etymology in embers; or with Nelson, to extravagate still further to the noun
540:, AD. 597, said to be acting under the direct authority of Pope Gregory the Great. The precise dates appears to have varied considerably however, and in some cases, quite significantly, the Ember Weeks lost their connection with the Christian festivals altogether.
998:
Present Roman
Catholic canon law (1983) prefers them to be conferred on Sundays and holy days of obligation, but allows them for pastoral reason on any day. In practice the use of Saturdays, though not necessarily Ember Saturdays, still prevails. Subsequently,
466:
refers to three days set apart for fasting, abstinence, and prayer during each of the four seasons of the year. The purpose of their introduction was to thank God for the gifts of nature, to teach men to make use of them in moderation, and to assist the needy.
1328:
The book of common prayer, and administration of the sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies of the church, according to the use of the Church of
England: together with the psalter or Psalms of David, pointed as they are to be sung or said in
1906:
1627:
1979 Book of Common Prayer, p. 18: "The Ember Days, traditionally observed on the
Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays after the First Sunday in Lent, the Day of Pentecost, Holy Cross Day, and December 13"
858:
hierarchies and not by the universal calendar of the church. The
Saturdays of Quarter Tense were considered especially appropriate for priestly ordination. The days of Quarter Tense were, until the
1482:
1928 Book of Common Prayer: "The Ember Days at the Four
Seasons, being the Wednesday, Friday. and Saturday after the First Sunday in Lent, the Feast of Pentecost, September 14, and December 13."
471:
rather on an eschatological rendering of the year punctuated by the solstices and equinoxes, and thus underscores the eschatological significance of all liturgical vigils in the city of Rome."
511:
As the Ember Days came to be associated with great feast days, they later lost their connection to agriculture and came to be regarded solely as days of penitence and prayer. It is only the
518:
The Christian observance of the seasonal Ember days had its origin as an ecclesiastical ordinance in Rome and spread from there to the rest of the Western Church. They were known as the
1132:
Considering each day separately: The Wednesday weather predicts the weather for the first month; the Friday weather for the second month and the Saturday weather for the third month.
705:
fixed the spring fast in the first week of March (then the first month), thus loosely associated with the first Sunday in Lent; the summer fast in the second week of June, after
1899:
791:
1892:
767:
Other regulations prevailed in different countries, until the inconveniences arising from the want of uniformity led to the rule now observed being laid down under
1147:
312:
3000:
1759:
756:
was always the liturgical Third Week of September, since the First Sunday of September was the Sunday closest to September 1 (August 29 to September 4).
1117:
According to folklore, the weather conditions of each of the three days of an Embertide foretell the weather conditions for the following three months.
1722:
A history of the Convocation of the Church of England, being an account of the proceedings of Anglican Ecclesiastical Councils from the earliest period
1787:
240:
975:
However, why Ember Saturdays are traditionally associated with ordinations (other than episcopal ones) is unclear. By the time of at the penultimate
3058:
2978:
995:, even without grave reason, on all Sundays and double feasts, which included most saints' feasts and thus the great majority of the calendar.
536:
Their observance in Britain, however, was embraced earlier than in Gaul or Spain, and Christian sources connect the Ember Days observance with
843:
Some Lutheran church calendars continue the observation of Ember and Rogation days, though the practice has diminished over the past century.
1706:
1685:
1268:
3068:
2503:
2459:
1991:
1124:) is considered to predict the weather of the rest of the year. The prediction methods differ in the regions. Two frequent ones are:
662:(September 14), and as Ember Days said Wednesday and the following Friday and Saturday (W38). It has been preserved in that order by
1548:
1500:
1104:
2889:
2852:
2062:
2049:
837:
2509:
1839:
1350:
Hampton, S. (2012-09-12). "'Welcome dear feast of Lent': Rival understandings of the forty-day fast in early Stuart England".
2983:
2846:
2407:
2320:
1042:
501:
209:
493:
233:
1611:
1085:
430:, a course, running), clearly relating to the annual cycle of the year. The word occurs in such Anglo-Saxon compounds as
2862:
2840:
2706:
2326:
2314:
2178:
938:
1057:
3048:
1038:
1822:
1464:
2007:
1808:
687:
609:
169:
1064:
1031:
3078:
3053:
2857:
2641:
2309:
2304:
2140:
1291:
646:
According to an old way of counting, the first Sunday of a month (a datum important to determine the appropriate
682:
a week sooner than for those of most modern-day Catholics. When the Vatican issued the calendar specific to the
2894:
2534:
2480:
2372:
976:
226:
2781:
2260:
2829:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2446:
2436:
2298:
2255:
2245:
2228:
1983:
1973:
1296:
1071:
710:
560:
537:
2612:
2111:
1780:
1696:
3022:
2967:
2794:
2771:
2761:
2617:
2431:
2268:
2250:
2240:
2116:
1944:
1749:
988:
859:
783:
663:
658:, the first of the month, so this yielded as Ember Week precisely the week containing the Wednesday after
80:
608:
because the calendar reform in the 1970s includes specific "Late Advent" propers for Dec 17 onward, when
3073:
3063:
1398:
1004:
877:
787:
500:(492–496) speaks of all four. The earliest mention of four seasonal fasts is known from the writings of
362:, the Four Times. In French and Italian the term is the same; in Spanish and Portuguese they are simply
321:
199:
2635:
2134:
1595:
1053:
515:
Embertide, which falls around the autumn harvest, that retains any connection to the original purpose.
2918:
2367:
1215:
683:
667:
613:
293:
288:. These fasts traditionally take place on the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday of the weeks following
273:
34:
3043:
2988:
2607:
2539:
2233:
2106:
1865:
876:(the complete avoidance of meat) on the Saturdays of Quarter Tense outside Lent was removed by the
776:
772:
714:
265:
2995:
2879:
2868:
2528:
2343:
2332:
2056:
1493:
Der Liber ordinarius der Abtei St. Arnulf vor Metz : Metz, Stadtbibliothek, Ms. 132, um 1240
1152:
833:
817:
The revision of the liturgical calendar in 1969 laid down the following rules for Ember Days and
480:
2900:
2349:
529:
From Rome the Ember days gradually spread unevenly through the whole of Western Christendom. In
1732:
The Theological Significance of "Keeping Vigil" in Rome From the Fourth to the Eighth Centuries
1336:
315:
eliminated the Ember days in 1966. They remain a feature of other Western churches, such as in
2913:
2362:
1702:
1681:
1675:
1544:
1496:
1472:, The Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America
1367:
1264:
1185:
1142:
713:, September 14; and the winter fast in the complete week next before Christmas Eve, following
598:
269:
179:
29:
1720:
1312:
358:"The Latin name has remained in modern languages, though the contrary is sometimes affirmed,
2874:
2805:
2746:
2338:
2218:
1797:
1735:
1521:
1359:
1332:
1300:
1256:
965:
549:
485:
347:
289:
152:
1260:
2696:
2683:
2519:
2395:
2168:
2160:
1932:
1919:
1915:
1791:
1716:
1615:
1000:
760:
497:
475:
137:
97:
48:
38:
1884:
798:
on all Ember Days, and the faithful were encouraged (though not required) to receive the
1078:
2823:
2659:
2622:
2441:
2292:
2126:
2121:
1978:
980:
916:
892:
855:
674:
659:
637:
594:
379:
301:
281:
189:
3037:
2788:
2718:
2599:
2581:
2495:
2284:
2190:
2098:
2072:
2036:
2031:
2016:
1968:
1754:
1698:
Heortology: A History of the Christian Festivals from Their Origin to the Present Day
1392:
1223:
1157:
924:
818:
768:
587:
157:
102:
92:
70:
398:, or the like, on the general principle of their sanctity.... We meet with the term
3010:
2939:
2835:
2723:
2571:
2403:
2195:
1940:
1525:
1180:
992:
984:
807:
1677:
Catholic Dictionary: An Abridged and Updated Edition of Modern Catholic Dictionary
1857:
1748:
1251:
Beck, Ashley (2023). "The Latin Bible and liturgy". In Houghton, H. A. G. (ed.).
2713:
2701:
2664:
2651:
2465:
2453:
2185:
2173:
2145:
2043:
1997:
1671:
1578:
1255:. Oxford handbooks series. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 429–442.
1020:
811:
533:
they do not seem to have been generally recognized much before the 8th century.
316:
3017:
1775:
2935:
2733:
2576:
2399:
2205:
1936:
1608:
1120:
In the folk meteorology of the North of Spain, the weather of the ember days (
958:
945:
872:
867:
795:
545:
512:
489:
386:, meaning "the Week of the Processions". In mediæval Germany they were called
305:
147:
127:
19:
1371:
1304:
2906:
2813:
2669:
2544:
2489:
2355:
2274:
2150:
2080:
2025:
1654:
931:
814:
excluded the Ember Days as days of fast and abstinence for Roman Catholics.
799:
706:
633:
374:, a recurrence, as if all holy seasons did not equally recur. Ember-week in
297:
1516:
Neale, John Mason (1852). "Christian festivals and their household words".
3005:
2691:
2563:
1363:
1285:
721:
678:
496:
institution. When the fourth season was added cannot be ascertained, but
114:
937:
The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after September 14- the Feast of the
1227:
1190:
1162:
1045: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
863:
803:
261:
1739:
752:"Lenty, Penty, Crucy, Lucy" is a shorter mnemonic for when they fall.
308:
ceremonies are often held on Ember Saturdays or the following Sunday.
2741:
2420:
2213:
1957:
1816:
647:
583:
325:
provides for the Ember days, in practice observed in different ways.
60:
1007:(and Saturdays around it) have come much in use as ordination days.
1193:: A Japanese dish possibly derived from ember-day fasting practices
944:
The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday following December 13- Feast of
1218:. "Aenham" was identified as "probably Ensham, in Oxfordshire" by
1211:
885:
553:
541:
375:
18:
2970:
in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.
1391:
979:, major orders could also be conferred on the Saturday preceding
829:
They may appear in some calendars as "days of prayer for peace".
709:; the autumnal fast in the third week of September following the
2591:
2554:
2090:
626:
530:
508:
119). He also connects them with the great Christian festivals.
119:
2393:
1930:
1888:
690:, it assigned the Ember Days to the traditional, earlier dates.
1014:
304:(14 September), though some areas follow a different pattern.
27:, cooked by following a medieval English recipe from the book
1594:, nos. 46–47 (2010 ICEL translation); for the Latin text see
454:, "the fasts of the four seasons which are called "imbren'".
575:, the weeks in which the Ember Days occur, are these weeks:
418:(1913) prefer the view that it derives from the Anglo-Saxon
1840:""Hace veintisĂ©is años, tampoco yo creĂa en las tĂ©mporas""
1763:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
964:
established as a law of the church in the pontificate of
1466:
2015 Calendar - The Orthodox Church throughout the world
1592:
Universal Norms of the Liturgical Year and the Calendar
1423:
1421:
884:
The term "quarter tense" is derived from the official
346:
There are various views as to etymology. According to
1597:
Normae universales de anno liturgico et de calendario
450:
occurs in the acts of the "Council of Ænham" (1009):
406:
being the then word for travail. Why they were named
2804:
2732:
2682:
2650:
2590:
2562:
2553:
2518:
2479:
2419:
2283:
2204:
2159:
2089:
2071:
2015:
1956:
1495:. Freiburg: Universitätsverlag. 1987. p. 251.
643:September: the liturgical Third Week of September.
1284:
1402:. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
520:jejunium vernum, aestivum, autumnale and hiernale
759:As a simplification of the liturgical calendar,
478:had fasts in June, September, and December. The
260:in Ireland) are quarterly periods of prayer and
823:
742:
726:
625:March: between the first and second Sundays in
356:
1866:"meteorologia - Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia"
1518:The Christian Remembrancer. A Quarterly Review
612:was issued with a particular calendar for the
488:(217–222) a law regulating the fast, although
1900:
1148:Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church
923:The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday following
720:These dates are given in the following Latin
616:, the Vatican assigned the Ember Days to the
313:fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church
234:
8:
888:name; "quattuor tempora" ("the four times").
1811:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
1222:, p. 44. The site would have been the
919:for the observation of Quarter Tense were:
832:They were made optional by churches of the
729:
338:
2559:
2416:
2390:
1953:
1927:
1907:
1893:
1885:
1385:
1383:
1381:
782:Prior to the reforms instituted after the
452:jejunia quatuor tempora quae imbren vocant
241:
227:
44:
1105:Learn how and when to remove this message
930:The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after
870:. However, in Ireland, the obligation of
806:whenever possible. On February 17, 1966,
733:quod sit in angaria quarta sequens feria.
1776:Readings and Litanies for the Ember Days
1412:
1219:
582:between the third and fourth Sundays of
16:Three days fasting and prayer, quarterly
1734:(PhD). Catholic University of America.
1655:"Ember Days Folklore", Farmers' Almanac
1451:
1243:
1203:
563:, ember days have never been observed.
47:
33:, a Middle English cook book stored in
1427:
1253:The Oxford handbook of the Latin Bible
731:Dat crux Lucia cineres charismata dia
601:places them in the week following the
1701:. K. Paul, Trench, TrĂĽbner & Co.
1439:
37:. The recipe was originally made for
7:
1695:Kellner, Karl Adam Heinrich (1908).
1313:participating institution membership
1261:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190886097.013.2
1043:adding citations to reliable sources
987:; for grave reasons, on Sundays and
911:(lit. "the days of the four times").
747:Lent, Whitsun, Holyrood, and Lucie.
650:readings) was considered the Sunday
1838:Peñalba, Javier (21 October 2009).
1331:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
854:is normally determined by national
2907:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
2901:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
2356:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
2350:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
1750:"Ember Days and Ember Weeks"
1352:The Journal of Theological Studies
934:Sunday, (liturgical colour - Red).
14:
771:as the law of the church, at the
3016:
2006:
1815:Contains a description of Roman
1577:Encyclopædia Britannica article
1396:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1019:
422:, a circuit or revolution (from
366:. The German converts them into
1030:needs additional citations for
948:, (liturgical colour - Purple).
941:, (liturgical colour - Purple).
927:, (liturgical colour - Purple).
677:, a 20th-century reform of the
3059:Catholic penitential practices
1129:embers forecasts a dry winter.
502:Philastrius, bishop of Brescia
1:
1872:(in Basque). Eusko Ikaskuntza
1809:William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D,
1337:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t81k49h7h
745:Fasting days and Emberings be
2315:Nativity of John the Baptist
1813:, John Murray, London, 1875.
1798:Caxton's translation of the
1730:Sabak, James George (2012).
939:Exaltation of the Holy Cross
909:Laethanta na gCeithre Thráth
740:Or in an old English rhyme:
1864:Garmendia Larrañaga, Juan.
1567:. 1917. pp. Par. 1252.
272:churches. The term is from
3095:
3069:Traditionalist Catholicism
3023:Catholic Church portal
1543:. CUA Press. p. 145.
1390:Mershman, Francis (1909).
1326:Church of England (1716).
956:
688:Divine Worship: The Missal
610:Divine Worship: The Missal
556:in the sixteenth century.
492:(440–461) considers it an
446:("Ember days"). The word
343:(literally 'four times').
337:originates from the Latin
2956:
2927:
2707:Mass of the Lord's Supper
2415:
2389:
2179:Mass of the Lord's Supper
2004:
1952:
1926:
1747:Venables, Edmund (1911).
1539:Morrow, Maria C. (2016).
1292:Oxford English Dictionary
764:earliest possible dates.
548:in the eleventh century.
2081:Presentation of the Lord
1825:The Old Farmer's Almanac
1645:See can. 1010, CIC 1983.
977:Code of Canon Law (1917)
416:The Tutorial Prayer Book
410:it is less easy to say."
280:, possibly derived from
210:Dedication of the Church
2968:holy days of obligation
2880:Exaltation of the Cross
2504:Octave Day of Christmas
2344:Exaltation of the Cross
1794:at Medieval Sourcebook
1760:Encyclopædia Britannica
1636:See can. 1006, CIC 1917
1526:2027/mdp.39015030531142
1297:Oxford University Press
989:holy days of obligation
711:Exaltation of the Cross
561:Eastern Orthodox Church
538:Augustine of Canterbury
524:Encyclopædia Britannica
414:Neil and Willoughby in
277:
2841:Saint John the Baptist
1870:Auñamendi Encyclopedia
1803:at catholicsaints.info
1305:10.1093/OED/5126613664
1175:Lady of the Ember Days
862:, times of obligatory
860:Second Vatican Council
827:
784:Second Vatican Council
750:
738:
730:
664:Western Rite Orthodoxy
605:Sunday in Advent (W50)
544:adopted them with the
412:
383:
352:Essays of Liturgiology
339:
285:
42:
2847:Saints Peter and Paul
2753:Sundays after Easter
2460:Immaculate Conception
2321:Saints Peter and Paul
1992:Immaculate Conception
1860:, folk meteorologist.
1846:(in European Spanish)
1565:Codex Iuris Canonicis
1399:Catholic Encyclopedia
915:The old dates in the
788:Roman Catholic Church
684:Personal Ordinariates
668:Personal Ordinariates
620:week of Advent (W49).
614:Personal Ordinariates
552:introduced them into
384:"Wythnos y cydgorian"
322:Book of Common Prayer
22:
2919:Presentation of Mary
2545:Purification of Mary
2368:Presentation of Mary
1725:. London: J. Leslie.
1039:improve this article
953:Ordination of clergy
294:first Sunday in Lent
35:John Rylands Library
2936:Ordinary Procession
2540:Baptism of the Lord
2234:Divine Mercy Sunday
2063:Baptism of the Lord
2050:Mary, Mother of God
1618:at Bartleby dot com
1295:(Online ed.).
1214:, convoked by King
1005:Sts. Peter and Paul
905:Aimsir Chátaoireach
895:, Quarter Tense is
777:Council of Clermont
773:Council of Piacenza
354:(1863), Chapter X:
292:(13 December), the
266:liturgical calendar
3049:Catholic holy days
2996:Liturgical colours
2510:Holy Name of Jesus
1832:Weather prediction
1790:2012-04-06 at the
1614:2007-02-12 at the
1541:Sin in the Sixties
1393:"Ember-days"
1364:10.1093/jts/fls111
1153:Liturgical colours
1011:Weather prediction
901:Cátaoir na timpire
834:Anglican Communion
597:lectionary of the
481:Liber Pontificalis
311:The observance of
200:Elijah–Cross–Moses
49:Liturgical seasons
43:
3031:
3030:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2938:according to the
2890:Maternity of Mary
2885:Autumn Ember Days
2819:Summer Ember Days
2678:
2677:
2630:Spring Ember Days
2471:Winter Ember Days
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
1998:December 17 to 23
1856:, interview with
1783:The Golden Legend
1708:978-0-598-48312-6
1687:978-0-307-88635-4
1311:(Subscription or
1270:978-0-19-088609-7
1210:More correctly a
1186:Cross-quarter day
1143:Christian worship
1115:
1114:
1107:
1089:
1003:and the feast of
836:in 1976. In the
599:Church of England
442:("Ember fasts"),
438:("Ember weeks"),
270:Western Christian
251:
250:
3086:
3079:Spanish folklore
3054:Catholic liturgy
3021:
3020:
2975:Older calendars
2875:Nativity of Mary
2806:Pentecost Season
2560:
2481:Christmas Season
2417:
2391:
2339:Nativity of Mary
2017:Christmas Season
2010:
1954:
1928:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1764:
1752:
1743:
1726:
1717:Lathbury, Thomas
1712:
1691:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1606:
1600:
1589:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1376:
1375:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1248:
1231:
1226:rather than the
1224:Abbey of Eynsham
1208:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1047:
1023:
1015:
966:Pope Gregory VII
838:Episcopal Church
735:
670:, and Anglicans.
550:Charles Borromeo
486:Pope Callixtus I
348:John Mason Neale
342:
243:
236:
229:
45:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3015:
2944:
2923:
2895:Christ the King
2863:Transfiguration
2800:
2728:
2684:Paschal Triduum
2674:
2646:
2586:
2549:
2520:Epiphany Season
2514:
2475:
2411:
2396:Tridentine Mass
2377:
2373:Christ the King
2327:Transfiguration
2279:
2200:
2161:Paschal Triduum
2155:
2085:
2067:
2011:
2002:
1948:
1922:
1920:Catholic Church
1916:Liturgical year
1913:
1875:
1873:
1863:
1858:eu:Pello Zabala
1849:
1847:
1844:El Diario Vasco
1837:
1834:
1792:Wayback Machine
1772:
1767:
1746:
1729:
1715:
1709:
1694:
1688:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1616:Wayback Machine
1607:
1603:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1389:
1388:
1379:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1139:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1048:
1046:
1036:
1024:
1013:
1001:Pentecost Vigil
961:
955:
849:
761:Pope John XXIII
749:
746:
737:
732:
699:
675:Roman Catholics
666:, the Catholic
569:
504:(died ca 387) (
498:Pope Gelasius I
460:
434:("Embertide"),
360:Quatuor Tempora
340:quatuor tempora
331:
300:(Whitsun), and
286:quatuor tempora
247:
138:Paschal Triduum
39:King Richard II
17:
12:
11:
5:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2914:All Souls' Day
2911:
2910:
2909:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2853:Precious Blood
2850:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2830:Corpus Christi
2826:
2824:Trinity Sunday
2821:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Passion Sunday
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
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2584:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2466:Greater Ferias
2463:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2425:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2394:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2363:All Souls' Day
2360:
2359:
2358:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2299:Corpus Christi
2295:
2293:Trinity Sunday
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1931:
1924:
1923:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1861:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:"Ember Days",
1820:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1778:
1771:
1770:External links
1768:
1766:
1765:
1755:Chisholm, Hugh
1744:
1727:
1713:
1707:
1692:
1686:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1601:
1584:
1570:
1556:
1549:
1531:
1520:. 23–24: 387.
1508:
1501:
1484:
1475:
1456:
1454:, p. 186.
1444:
1432:
1430:, p. 171.
1417:
1405:
1377:
1358:(2): 608–648.
1342:
1318:
1276:
1269:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1202:
1201:
1199:
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1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1113:
1112:
1027:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1009:
981:Passion Sunday
957:Main article:
954:
951:
950:
949:
942:
935:
928:
917:Irish calendar
913:
912:
893:Irish language
889:
856:Roman Catholic
848:
845:
743:
727:
715:St. Lucy's Day
698:
695:
694:
693:
692:
691:
671:
660:Holy Cross Day
641:
638:Trinity Sunday
632:June: between
630:
623:
622:
621:
606:
595:Common Worship
591:
568:
565:
476:Church in Rome
474:At first, the
459:
456:
440:ymbren-fisstan
426:, around, and
330:
327:
302:Holy Cross Day
249:
248:
246:
245:
238:
231:
223:
220:
219:
218:
217:
207:
197:
190:Dormition Fast
187:
180:Apostles' Fast
177:
167:
166:
165:
150:
145:
135:
117:
112:
111:
110:
95:
90:
89:
88:
78:
68:
57:Pre-Christmas
52:
51:
25:Ymber Day Tart
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3091:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2966:marks the 10
2965:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:Rogation Days
2787:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:Easter Sunday
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2734:Easter Season
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Holy Saturday
2717:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:Holy Thursday
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2600:Ash Wednesday
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2582:Quinquagesima
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:Christmas Eve
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2408:1960 Calendar
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2285:Ordinary Time
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2214:Easter Sunday
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2206:Easter Season
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Holy Saturday
2189:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:Holy Thursday
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2099:Ash Wednesday
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2073:Ordinary Time
2070:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2037:Midnight Mass
2035:
2033:
2032:Christmas Eve
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1945:1969 Calendar
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:Ordinary Form
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1800:Golden Legend
1796:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1785:on Ember Days
1784:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1668:
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1642:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1550:9780813228983
1546:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1502:9783727803444
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:Venables 1911
1409:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
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1338:
1334:
1330:
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1319:
1314:
1306:
1302:
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1294:
1293:
1287:
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1266:
1262:
1258:
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1247:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:Lathbury 1853
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:Rogation days
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1098:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056: –
1055:
1051:
1050:Find sources:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1028:This section
1026:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
986:
983:, and on the
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
960:
952:
947:
943:
940:
936:
933:
929:
926:
925:Ash Wednesday
922:
921:
920:
918:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:
883:
882:
881:
879:
875:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:Quarter tense
846:
844:
841:
839:
835:
830:
826:
822:
820:
819:Rogation days
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
769:Pope Urban II
765:
762:
757:
753:
748:
741:
736:
734:
725:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
696:
689:
685:
680:
676:
672:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:
642:
639:
635:
631:
628:
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:
585:
581:
580:
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577:
576:
574:
566:
564:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
527:
526:1911 has it.
525:
521:
516:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Leo the Great
487:
483:
482:
477:
472:
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457:
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385:
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341:
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326:
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323:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:St Lucy's Day
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:quarter tense
255:
244:
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237:
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159:
158:Ordinary Time
156:
155:
154:
151:
149:
146:
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139:
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133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
116:
113:
108:
104:
103:Ordinary Time
101:
100:
99:
96:
94:
91:
86:
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72:
71:Nativity Fast
69:
66:
62:
59:
58:
56:
55:
54:
53:
50:
46:
40:
36:
32:
31:
30:Forme of Cury
26:
21:
3074:Weather lore
3064:Quarter days
3011:Easter cycle
2963:
2940:Roman Ritual
2899:
2884:
2867:
2845:
2836:Sacred Heart
2828:
2818:
2793:
2724:Easter Vigil
2642:Annunciation
2636:Saint Joseph
2634:
2629:
2572:Septuagesima
2527:
2502:
2488:
2470:
2458:
2404:Latin Church
2348:
2331:
2319:
2305:Sacred Heart
2297:
2267:
2196:Easter Vigil
2141:Annunciation
2135:Saint Joseph
2133:
2055:
2048:
2024:
1990:
1941:Latin Church
1876:19 September
1874:. Retrieved
1869:
1850:19 September
1848:. Retrieved
1843:
1824:
1810:
1799:
1782:
1758:
1731:
1721:
1697:
1676:
1672:Hardon, John
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1604:
1596:
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1579:
1573:
1564:
1559:
1540:
1534:
1517:
1511:
1492:
1487:
1478:
1465:
1459:
1452:Kellner 1908
1447:
1435:
1408:
1397:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1327:
1321:
1290:
1286:"ember, n.²"
1279:
1252:
1246:
1206:
1181:Quarter days
1174:
1170:
1166:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1101:
1092:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:"Ember days"
1049:
1037:Please help
1032:verification
1029:
997:
993:minor orders
985:Easter Vigil
974:
969:
962:
914:
908:
904:
900:
896:
871:
851:
850:
842:
831:
828:
824:
816:
808:Pope Paul VI
781:
766:
758:
754:
751:
744:
739:
728:
719:
703:Ordo Romanus
702:
700:
655:
652:proximate to
651:
617:
602:
572:
570:
558:
535:
528:
523:
519:
517:
510:
505:
484:ascribes to
479:
473:
469:
463:
461:
451:
447:
444:ymbren-dagas
443:
439:
436:ymbren-wucan
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
413:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
371:
367:
363:
359:
357:
351:
345:
334:
332:
320:
319:, where the
310:
257:
253:
252:
213:
203:
193:
183:
173:
161:
141:
131:
123:
106:
84:
81:Annunciation
74:
64:
28:
24:
2964:Italic font
2714:Good Friday
2702:Chrism Mass
2665:Palm Sunday
2652:Passiontide
2535:Holy Family
2454:Rorate Mass
2186:Good Friday
2174:Chrism Mass
2146:Palm Sunday
2044:Holy Family
1428:Hardon 2013
1167:Quatemberca
1095:August 2023
991:; and, for
812:Paenitemini
717:(Dec. 13).
656:on or after
573:Ember Weeks
567:Ember Weeks
400:Frohnfasten
396:Wiegefasten
317:Anglicanism
274:Old English
204:East Syriac
174:East Syriac
3044:Asceticism
3038:Categories
2989:Tridentine
2869:Assumption
2858:Visitation
2577:Sexagesima
2400:Roman Rite
2333:Assumption
2310:Visitation
1937:Roman Rite
1781:Vorgine's
1740:1961/10280
1580:Ember days
1440:Sabak 2012
1315:required.)
1238:References
1171:Kvaternica
1065:newspapers
959:Ordination
946:Saint Lucy
873:abstinence
868:abstinence
810:'s decree
796:abstinence
707:Whitsunday
579:December:
546:Roman rite
513:Michaelmas
506:De haeres.
464:Ember days
432:ymbren-tid
408:foldfasten
392:Wiegfastan
388:Weihfasten
306:Ordination
254:Ember days
128:Great Lent
2814:Pentecost
2795:Ascension
2670:Holy Week
2490:Christmas
2275:Pentecost
2269:Ascension
2151:Holy Week
2026:Christmas
1680:. Crown.
1372:0022-5185
932:Pentecost
880:in 1912.
800:sacrament
790:mandated
640:(W20–W24)
634:Pentecost
629:(W07–W11)
586:(usually
494:Apostolic
462:The term
368:Quatember
333:The word
329:Etymology
298:Pentecost
153:Pentecost
126:) /
93:Christmas
75:Byzantine
3006:Computus
2984:pre-1955
2692:Tenebrae
2604:Sundays
2564:Pre-Lent
2529:Epiphany
2428:Sundays
2225:Sundays
2103:Sundays
2057:Epiphany
1965:Sundays
1788:Archived
1719:(1853).
1674:(2013).
1612:Archived
1329:churches
1216:Ethelred
1137:See also
1122:témporas
779:, 1095.
775:and the
722:mnemonic
679:Breviary
364:Temporas
115:Pre-Lent
98:Epiphany
3001:Ranking
2402:of the
2398:of the
1939:of the
1935:of the
1918:of the
1757:(ed.).
1664:Sources
1609:Article
1191:Tempura
1163:Perchta
1079:scholar
897:Cátaoir
891:In the
878:Vatican
864:fasting
847:Ireland
804:penance
792:fasting
559:In the
458:Origins
264:in the
262:fasting
194:Eastern
184:Eastern
162:Western
142:Western
132:Eastern
124:Western
107:Western
65:Western
2960:Legend
2931:Legend
2747:Octave
2421:Advent
2219:Octave
1958:Advent
1817:feriae
1705:
1684:
1547:
1499:
1370:
1267:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1052:
972:1085.
786:, the
697:Timing
654:, not
648:Matins
603:second
584:Advent
448:imbren
420:ymbren
404:frohne
372:ymbren
278:ymbren
214:Syriac
170:Summer
148:Easter
85:Syriac
61:Advent
1753:. In
1470:(PDF)
1309:
1212:synod
1198:Notes
1086:JSTOR
1072:books
907:, or
886:Latin
618:first
554:Milan
542:Spain
380:Welsh
376:Wales
335:ember
282:Latin
2979:1955
2934:P =
2592:Lent
2555:Lent
2091:Lent
1878:2019
1852:2019
1703:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1545:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1368:ISSN
1265:ISBN
1228:town
1058:news
866:and
794:and
701:The
673:For
636:and
627:Lent
593:the
571:The
531:Gaul
428:ryne
120:Lent
2782:6th
2777:5th
2772:4th
2767:3rd
2762:2nd
2757:1st
2623:4th
2618:3rd
2613:2nd
2608:1st
2447:4th
2442:3rd
2437:2nd
2432:1st
2261:7th
2256:6th
2251:5th
2246:4th
2241:3rd
2229:2nd
2127:5th
2122:4th
2117:3rd
2112:2nd
2107:1st
1984:4th
1979:3rd
1974:2nd
1969:1st
1736:hdl
1522:hdl
1360:doi
1333:hdl
1301:doi
1257:doi
1041:by
802:of
686:in
588:W51
424:ymb
378:is
350:in
268:of
23:An
3040::
1868:.
1842:.
1420:^
1380:^
1366:.
1356:63
1354:.
1299:.
1289:.
1263:.
1173:,
1169:,
970:ca
968:,
903:,
821::
724::
402:,
394:,
390:,
382::
296:,
284::
276::
2410:)
2406:(
1947:)
1943:(
1908:e
1901:t
1894:v
1880:.
1854:.
1819:.
1742:.
1738::
1711:.
1690:.
1553:.
1528:.
1524::
1505:.
1442:.
1415:.
1374:.
1362::
1339:.
1335::
1307:.
1303::
1273:.
1259::
1230:.
1177:)
1165:(
1108:)
1102:(
1097:)
1093:(
1083:·
1076:·
1069:·
1062:·
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899:,
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242:e
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202:(
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192:(
186:)
182:(
176:)
172:(
164:)
160:(
144:)
140:(
134:)
130:(
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109:)
105:(
87:)
83:(
77:)
73:(
67:)
63:(
41:.
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