263:(ALL). With incremental refinements of original regimens, using randomized clinical studies by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the Medical Research Council in the UK (UKALL protocols) and German Berlin-Frankfurt-MĂĽnster clinical trials group (ALL-BFM protocols), ALL in children has become a largely curable disease. This approach was extended to the lymphomas in 1963 by physicians at the NCI, who ultimately proved that nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone, known as the
238:
hypothesized that cancer could best be treated by combinations of drugs, each with a different mechanism of action. Cancer cells could conceivably mutate to become resistant to a single agent, but by using different drugs concurrently it would be more difficult for the tumor to develop resistance to
274:
Freireich stated that he was unfazed by the criticism he initially received for attempting this pioneering method of treatment. He led the Center's
Leukemia Research Program during the 1980s and 1990s. He made contributions to over 600 scientific papers and over 100 books. The Center established
158:(March 16, 1927 – February 1, 2021) was an American hematologist, oncologist, and cancer biologist. He was recognized as a pioneer in the treatment of cancer and use of chemotherapy and is often known as the father of modern leukemia therapy.
275:
the Emil J. Freireich Award for
Excellence in Education to honor his efforts of setting up graduate teaching programs to promote research. It gives recognition to "members of the teaching faculty for excellence in education contributions".
298:
in 2014. He was employed as the Ruth
Harriet Ainsworth Chair, Distinguished Teaching Professor, Director of Adult Leukemia Research Program, and Director of Special Medical Education Programs, at the MD Anderson Cancer Center.
186:. However, he was fired due to a dispute with the administrators, after he attempted to treat a patient with heart failure who had been transferred to the hospital's "death room" and left for dead. As a result, he moved to
170:. His father died when he was two years old, and his mother worked in a factory to support Emil and his elder sister. After winning a science fair, a teacher recommended that he consider going to college. He attended the
267:, could cure patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Currently, nearly all successful cancer chemotherapy regimens use this paradigm of multiple drugs given simultaneously, called
166:
Freireich was born in
Chicago on March 16, 1927. His Jewish parents, Mary (Klein) and David Freireich, immigrated to the United States from Hungary. He grew up in poverty during the
302:
Freireich retired in
September 2015, after working at the MD Anderson Cancer Center for 50 years. Nonetheless, he kept on teaching on a part-time basis until the outbreak of the
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313:, on February 1, 2021. He was 93; and is survived by his wife, Haroldine, their four children, six grandchildren, and three great-grandchildren.
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during his time there. It was there that he also met his wife, Haroldine
Cunningham, who worked as a nurse at the hospital. He moved to the
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at the age of 16 with the help of donations from neighbors, and later from scholarships. He was medically excused from being drafted into
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the combination. After many experimental challenges, Holland, Freireich, and Frei simultaneously administered
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808:"Houston doctor, known as father of modern Leukemia therapy, dies from COVID-19 at 93"
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443:. Bethesda, Maryland: National Cancer Institute. June 19, 1997. Archived from
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in 1955 to avoid being drafted into the army as a physician by joining the
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Freireich was a recipient of numerous awards for his research, including:
122:
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in 1949. After graduation from medical school, he did an internship at
639:
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780:"Leukemia: Dr. Emil Freireich, 'giant of modern medicine', dies at 93"
306:. He went on to participate virtually on the center's key meetings.
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David and
Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants
203:
380:
1981 Jeffrey A. Gottlieb
Memorial Award, MD Anderson Cancer Center
309:
Freireich died from COVID-19 at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in
683:"Trailblazing Houston oncologist Dr. Emil Freireich dies at 93"
226:(NCI). They were tasked with creating a chemotherapy program.
752:"Combination chemotherapy for lymphoma and acute leukemia"
351:
1996 Medical
Oncology Fellows Outstanding Teacher Award,
325:
2008 Paul
Ehrlich Magic-Bullet Lifetime Achievement Award
540:"Freireich (Emil J ), M.D., Oral History Interview: Home"
473:"Pediatric Leukemia Pioneer Emil J. Freireich Dies at 93"
348:
2000 Charles A. LeMaistre Outstanding Achievement Award
709:
707:
705:
345:, 11th International Congress on Anti-Cancer Treatment
389:
1976 David A. Karnofsky Memorial Award and Lecture,
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because of a broken leg. He earned his M.D. from the
596:. Houston: MD Anderson Cancer Center. Archived from
259:, and induced long-term remissions in children with
383:1979 de Villiers International Achievement Award,
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118:
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41:
34:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
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715:"Legendary oncologist returns to the limelight"
512:Marquis, Who's Who; Who, Marquis Who's (2008).
397:Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
328:2005 Gerald P. Bodey Sr., Distinguished Award
621:"First person profile: Emil J. Freireich, MD"
353:University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
216:University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
141:University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
8:
773:
771:
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194:. He subsequently studied hematology under
873:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
588:
586:
584:
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893:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas
367:1990 First NIH Distinguished Alumni Award
180:University of Illinois College of Medicine
172:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
90:University of Illinois College of Medicine
31:
638:
467:
465:
428:
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376:General Motors Cancer Research Foundation
190:where he studied internal medicine under
778:Rodriguez, Adrianna (February 2, 2021).
296:American Association for Cancer Research
420:
830:"The man who cured childhood leukemia"
802:
800:
7:
832:. Houston: MD Anderson Cancer Center
515:Who's who in Science and Engineering
202:in Boston, and published a study on
333:Pollin Prize for Pediatric Research
214:. One decade later, he joined the
740:. NY: Scribbler. pp. 139–142.
566:"A Lasting Legacy – The ASCO Post"
499:"A Lasting Legacy - the ASCO Post"
434:"Interview with Emil J. Freireich"
294:He was honored as a Fellow of the
222:, his friend and co-worker at the
25:
681:Bauman, Anna (February 2, 2021).
188:Presbyterian Hospital of Chicago
27:American oncologist (1927–2021)
736:Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2011).
409:History of cancer chemotherapy
255:, together referred to as the
234:In 1965, Freireich, Frei, and
1:
883:University of Illinois alumni
385:Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
208:National Institutes of Health
261:acute lymphoblastic leukemia
888:Fellows of the AACR Academy
878:American cancer researchers
738:The Emperor of All Maladies
363:Leukemia Society of America
909:
372:Charles F. Kettering Prize
283:Freireich was profiled in
218:in Houston, together with
359:Return of the Child Award
224:National Cancer Institute
149:
136:National Cancer Institute
111:
441:NCI Oral History Project
269:combination chemotherapy
230:Combination chemotherapy
106:combination chemotherapy
868:Scientists from Chicago
828:Wendler, Ronda (2015).
619:Printz, Carrie (2016).
200:Mass Memorial Hospital
518:. Marquis Who's Who.
271:or polychemotherapy.
212:Public Health Service
546:on February 13, 2021
279:Later life and death
184:Cook County Hospital
754:. Lasker Foundation
600:on February 4, 2021
594:"Emil J. Freireich"
343:Cino del Duca Award
337:Columbia University
640:10.1002/cncr.32812
479:. February 2, 2021
450:on January 7, 2020
688:Houston Chronicle
304:COVID-19 pandemic
156:Emil J. Freireich
153:
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113:Scientific career
36:Emil J. Freireich
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71:(aged 93)
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58:, Illinois, US
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834:. Retrieved
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721:November 14,
719:. Retrieved
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571:November 14,
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265:MOPP regimen
257:VAMP regimen
241:methotrexate
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176:World War II
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129:Institutions
112:
69:(2021-02-01)
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863:2021 deaths
858:1927 births
836:February 2,
813:February 9,
789:February 2,
758:February 2,
694:February 2,
604:February 2,
550:February 2,
483:February 4,
454:February 3,
251:(6-MP) and
245:vincristine
77:, Texas, US
852:Categories
415:References
253:prednisone
162:Early life
48:1927-03-16
784:USA Today
657:212690033
220:Emil Frei
649:32163608
403:See also
196:Joe Ross
123:Oncology
477:OncLive
311:Houston
75:Houston
56:Chicago
655:
647:
626:Cancer
522:
395:1972
370:1983
357:1996
341:2001
331:2003
204:anemia
119:Fields
92:, M.D.
653:S2CID
448:(PDF)
437:(PDF)
838:2021
815:2021
791:2021
760:2021
723:2016
696:2021
645:PMID
606:2021
573:2016
552:2021
520:ISBN
485:2021
456:2021
391:ASCO
64:Died
42:Born
635:doi
631:126
198:at
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