752:... Upton was as good an artillery officer as could be found in any country, the equal of any cavalry commander of his day, and, all things considered, was the best commander of a division of infantry in either the Union or the rebel army. ... He was incontestably the best tactician of either army, and this is true whether tested by battle or by the evolutions of the drill field and parade. In view of his success of all arms of the service, it is not too much to add that he could scarcely have failed as a corps or army commander had it been his good fortune to be called to such rank. ... No one can read the story of his brilliant career without concluding that he had a real genius for war, together with all the theoretical and practical knowledge which any one could acquire in regard to it. Up to the time when he was disabled by the disease which caused his death he was, all things considered, the most accomplished soldier in our service. His life was pure and upright, his bearing chivalric and commanding, his conduct modest and unassuming, and his character absolutely without blemish. History cannot furnish a brighter example of unselfish patriotism, or ambition unsullied by an ignoble thought or an unworthy deed. He was a credit to the State and family which gave him birth, to the military academy which educated him, and to the army in which he served. So long as the Union has such soldiers as he to defend it, it will be perpetual.
644:, which warned that European armies had developed soldiering as a profession to a more advanced state than the U.S. Army. Upton presented 54 pages of recommendations for changes in the Army, including that it establish advanced military schools, a general staff, a system of personnel evaluation reports, and promotion by examination. The U.S. interest in French military organizations and tactics, which dominated fighting in the Civil War, went into decline. He was appointed superintendent of theoretical instruction at the Artillery School of Practice located at
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702:, examinations to determine promotions, compulsory retirement of officers who reach a certain age, advanced military education, and combat maneuvering by groups of four three-battalion infantry regiments. Upton's work had a profound influence on discussions of military and civilian strategy for years. All of Upton's proposed reforms would be implemented in the 1890s and early 1900s and laid the foundation for the high level of efficiency the U.S. Army demonstrated in
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560:, Upton assumed command of the 1st Division, VI Corps, when its commander fell mortally wounded. Upton himself was severely wounded in the thigh soon after, but refused to be removed from the field until the battle was over. He was carried on a stretcher for the duration of the battle, directing his troops. He received two brevet promotions for Winchester: colonel in the regular army (September 19, 1864) and major general of volunteers (October 19).
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510:. Upton devised a tactic wherein columns of massed infantry would swiftly assault a small part of the enemy line, without pausing to trade fire, and in doing so attempt to overwhelm the defenders and achieve a breakthrough. The standard infantry assault employed a wide battle line advancing more slowly, firing at the enemy as it moved forward. On May 10, 1864, Upton led twelve regiments in such an assault against the Confederate's
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influence of the
Secretary of War and promoted the idea that all military decisions in the field should be made by professional officers, although the president should retain the role of commander-in-chief. He argued for a strong, standing regular army that would be supplemented by volunteers or conscripts in time of war, a general staff system based on the
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system of infantry tactics, which was approved in 1867. In July 1866 he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 25th U.S. Infantry and transferred to the 18th U.S. Infantry in March 1869. From 1870 to 1875 he was the commandant of cadets at the United States
Military Academy, where he also taught infantry, artillery, and
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After the war, Upton commanded a cavalry brigade in the
Department of the Cumberland from July through September 1865 and served in the District of Colorado until April 1866. He was mustered out of the volunteer service on April 30, 1866. He was assigned to a board at West Point that considered a new
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was a controversial work in which Upton outlined U.S. military history, arguing that the country’s armed forces were imprudent and weak and "that all the defects of the
American military system rested upon a fundamental, underlying flaw, excessive civilian control of the military." He denigrated the
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which prompted Upton to challenge Gibbes to a duel. The two men fought with swords in a darkened room of the cadet barracks. Upton suffered a deep cut on his face. He graduated eighth in his class of 45 cadets on May 6, 1861, just in time for the outbreak of the Civil War.
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salient. His tactics worked and his command penetrated to the center of the Mule Shoe, but they were left unsupported and forced to withdraw in the face of enemy artillery and mounting reinforcements. Upton was wounded but not severely in the attack, but was promoted to
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The Armies of Asia and Europe. Embracing
Official Reports On the Armies of Japan, China, India, Persia, Italy, Russia, Austria, Germany, France, and England. Accompanied by Letters Descriptive of A Journey from Japan to the
304:, which analyzed American military policies and practices and presented the first systematic examination of the nation's military history, had a tremendous effect on the U.S. Army when it was published posthumously in 1904.
713:, Upton's West Point classmate and a close friend, acquired a copy of the uncompleted manuscript. It circulated widely throughout the Army's officer corps and helped to foment much discussion. After the
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in 1856. While at West Point, Upton lost a duel against fellow Cadet Wade
Hampton Gibbes of South Carolina. Gibbes made remarks to other cadets about Upton's relationships with African-American girls at
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Upton is considered one of the most influential young reformers of the United States Army in the 19th century, and arguably in U.S. history. He has been called the U.S. Army's counterpart to
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was placed in his custody. He was given a brevet promotion to brigadier general in the regular army for his actions at Selma and major general in the regular army, both on March 13, 1865.
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781:, the camp was rebuilt primarily as an induction center for draftees. The Army later used the site as a convalescent and rehabilitation hospital for returning wounded.
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After returning from medical leave, Upton finished the war as a cavalry commander, completing his mastery of all three combat arms. Under the command of Maj. Gen.
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sent Upton on a tour of Europe and Asia to study military organizations, but with a special emphasis on the German Army. Upon his return, Upton wrote
795:, streets in newly developed areas in the capital after Civil War generals, an east-west street in the Northwest quadrant is named Upton Street, NW.
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Robert
Hoffsommer wrote that, by the end of the war, the 25-year-old Upton "had commanded outstandingly in all three branches of the army."
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687:. Although his books on tactics and on Asian and European armies were considered influential, his greatest impact was a work he called
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748:. Wilson's tribute to his former subordinate demonstrates the significance of Emory Upton's accomplishments and characteristics:
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The Life and
Letters of Emory Upton: Colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Artillery, and Brevet Major-General, U. S. Army
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A New System of
Infantry Tactics, Double and Single Rank, Adapted to American Topography and Improved Fire-Arms
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Fitzpatrick, David John. "Emory Upton: The
Misunderstood Reformer." PhD diss., University of Michigan, 1996.
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In 1881, Upton, having returned to the rank of colonel in 1880, was in command of 4th U.S. Artillery at the
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where his units suffered some heavy losses. In late June 1864 he participated in the early stages of the
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Emory Upton depicted on the 121st New York Infantry Regiment monument at Gettysburg National Military Park
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Eicher, p. 540. He was formally appointed to the position on December 13, 1864, while on medical leave.
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In 1868, Upton married Emily Norwood Martin, daughter of the philanthropist and social activist
292:, prominent for his role in leading infantry to attack entrenched positions successfully at the
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in December and commanded the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, of the VI Corps, starting at the
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On April 16, 1865, the division made a night assault upon the Confederate works in the
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American History Illustrated, August 1971 " This Monotonous Life" by Stephen Ambrose
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read the manuscript and ordered that the War Department publish it under the title
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to break through the Mule Shoe. On June 1 Upton's 2nd Brigade was engaged in the
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Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
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Eicher, p. 540; Morris, p. 2007, describes the condition as "chronic catarrh".
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breastworks, one that would foreshadow tactics used in the trench warfare of
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1432:"Prophets or Praetorians? The Uptonian Paradox and the Powell Corollary."
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Commandants of the Corps of Cadets of the United States Military Academy
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was active from 1917 until 1920, and again from 1940 until 1946. During
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in the 4th U.S. Artillery, transferring to the 5th U.S. Artillery as a
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The VI Corps, of which Upton's brigade was part, was detached from the
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of the early twentieth century were inspired by Upton and his works.
424:, he commanded the artillery brigade for the 1st Division, VI Corps.
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Fitzpatrick, David John. "Emory Upton and the Army of a Democracy."
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Upton's Regulars: The 121st New York State Infantry in the Civil War
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1489:, edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
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Fitzpatrick, David John. "Emory Upton and the Citizen Soldier."
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Brookhaven National Laboratory history article on Camp Upton
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U.S. Army Register of Commissioned Officers, 1881. pg. 138.
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wrote an introductory article for a book by (Peter Michie),
667:. Upton was the 3rd-great granduncle of U.S. Representative
605:, the vice president of the Confederacy, and a little later
659:. He suffered greatly from headaches, possibly caused by a
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Holland Land Office Museum (Batavia, New York) biography
1419:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993.
567:, he led the 4th Division of the Cavalry Corps of the
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adapted Upton's columnar assault tactic to the entire
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Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War
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People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
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689:The Military Policy of the United States from 1775
474:Actions at Spotsylvania Court House, May 10, 1864
1448:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.
1094:Infantry Tactics in Use at the N.Y.S. Reformatory
502:, where he developed a new tactic to attack the
435:on October 23, 1862. He led the regiment at the
1709:American military personnel who died by suicide
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1570:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2017.
1555:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009.
1437:magazine (U.S. Army War College). Autumn 2003.
597:. This occurred a week after the surrender of
552:'s threat to Washington and in the subsequent
1261:"Seward Family Digital Archive · UR Projects"
416:, including the battles at Crampton's Gap at
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1467:Graham, Dominick; Bidwell, Shelford (1993).
765:Upton was commemorated at a site in central
1463:(U of Oklahoma Press, 2017). xviii, 325 pp.
1143:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
328:for two years before being admitted to the
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451:, Upton was cited for gallant service at
281:(August 27, 1839 – March 15, 1881) was a
1485:Hoffsommer, Robert D. "Emory Upton." In
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1100:The Military Policy of the United States
1090:. New York: D. Appleton & Co. (1878)
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726:The Military Policy of the United States
302:The Military Policy of the United States
1518:Biographies of Genesee County, New York
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519:to rank from May 12. On that same day,
498:, but his greatest contribution was at
447:, and was then kept in reserve. In the
1605:New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1885.
1469:Coalitions, Politicians & Generals
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1669:United States Military Academy alumni
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791:Reflecting a pattern of naming many
784:A statue of Upton stands before the
569:Military Division of the Mississippi
1568:Emory Upton: Misunderstood Reformer
1500:Morris, James M. "Emory Upton." In
1461:Emory Upton: Misunderstood Reformer
759:The Life and Letters of Emory Upton
746:The Life and Letters of Emory Upton
404:Artillery Reserve through the 1862
388:, as an aide-de-camp to Brig. Gen.
320:He studied under famous evangelist
1634:Fort Hill Cemetery entry for Upton
632:Impressed with the lessons of the
627:Society of the Army of the Potomac
545:and sent to deal with Confederate
294:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
249:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
35:Major General Emory Upton, c. 1865
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1704:Suicides by firearm in California
571:. The division saw action during
455:in November 1863 and was given a
1341:Eicher, p. 540; Morris, p. 2006.
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1593:The Journal of Military History
1586:The Journal of Military History
1528:, Boston History Company, 1899.
1364:Graham & Bidwell 1993, p.20
1081:Tactics for Non-Military Bodies
728:. Many of the Army's so-called
636:, U.S. Army Commanding General
771:Brookhaven National Laboratory
330:United States Military Academy
312:Upton was born on a farm near
16:Union Army general (1839–1881)
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1689:People from Batavia, New York
642:The Armies of Europe and Asia
386:Army of Northeastern Virginia
1265:urprojects.lib.rochester.edu
625:. Upton was a member of the
1719:Burials in New York (state)
757:Maj. Gen. James H. Wilson,
616:Postbellum career and death
584:Battle of Columbus, Georgia
494:, Upton led his brigade in
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1566:Fitzpatrick, David John.
1214:Holland Land Office Museum
558:Third Battle of Winchester
264:Third Battle of Winchester
229:Battle of Chancellorsville
1694:American military writers
1595:65 (April 2001): 355-389.
1588:77 (April 2013): 463-490.
1135:American Civil War portal
928:Brevet Lieutenant Colonel
786:Genesee County Courthouse
657:Presidio of San Francisco
369:Upton was commissioned a
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769:, presently occupied by
767:Suffolk County, New York
683:reformer and strategist
554:Valley Campaigns of 1864
500:Spotsylvania Court House
437:Battle of Fredericksburg
394:First Battle of Bull Run
347:Cornelia Williams Martin
244:Battle of the Wilderness
224:Battle of Fredericksburg
214:Battle of South Mountain
194:First Battle of Bull Run
106:United States of America
1515:North, Safford E., ed.
1446:Civil War High Commands
892:121st New York Infantry
788:in his native Batavia.
669:Frederick Stephen Upton
377:on May 14, assigned to
174:121st New York Infantry
1684:Oberlin College alumni
1551:Cilella, Salvatore G.
1459:Fitzpatrick, David J.
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1440:Eicher, John H., and
1166:Morris, pp. 2006-08;
709:After Upton's death,
646:Fort Monroe, Virginia
532:Battle of Cold Harbor
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254:Battle of Cold Harbor
132:Years of service
1699:Military strategists
1250:Morris, pp. 2006-08.
1010:Brevet Major General
970:Brevet Major General
715:Spanish–American War
453:Rappahannock Station
445:Manchester, Maryland
441:Battle of Gettysburg
427:Upton was appointed
234:Battle of Gettysburg
1664:Union Army generals
1430:Cassidy, Robert M.
1414:Ambrose, Stephen E.
1077:(published in 1867)
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740:In 1895, Maj. Gen.
685:Alfred Thayer Mahan
634:Franco-Prussian War
543:Army of the Potomac
536:Siege of Petersburg
524:Winfield S. Hancock
318:Frank P. Blair, Jr.
290:military strategist
259:Siege of Petersburg
1524:2008-07-04 at the
1417:Upton and the Army
1329:Hoffsommer, p. 773
1219:2006-11-02 at the
1173:2008-07-04 at the
1102:(posthumous, 1904)
1096:(posthumous, 1889)
1030:Lieutenant Colonel
803:
773:. The U.S. Army's
681:United States Navy
638:William T. Sherman
603:Alexander Stephens
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422:Battle of Antietam
410:Seven Days Battles
406:Peninsula Campaign
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349:, and she died of
298:American Civil War
283:United States Army
219:Battle of Antietam
204:Seven Days Battles
199:Peninsula Campaign
179:4th U.S. Artillery
122:United States Army
90:Fort Hill Cemetery
1598:Michie, Peter S.
1561:978-0-7006-1645-9
1495:978-0-06-273116-6
1471:. Brasseys (UK).
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997:22 February 1865
948:Brigadier General
848:Second Lieutenant
711:Henry A. du Pont
588:casemate ironclad
517:brigadier general
492:Overland Campaign
479: Confederate
414:Maryland Campaign
371:second lieutenant
322:Charles G. Finney
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734:
700:Prussian model
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550:Jubal A. Early
496:the Wilderness
481:
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433:121st New York
418:South Mountain
382:Irvin McDowell
358:
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72:(aged 41)
68:March 15, 1881
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1617:"Emory Upton"
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1037:28 July 1866
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1034:25th Infantry
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799:Dates of rank
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459:promotion to
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161:Major General
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75:San Francisco
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32:
27:
20:
1714:Upton family
1624:. Retrieved
1621:Find a Grave
1600:
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1567:
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1416:
1408:Bibliography
1407:
1406:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1325:
1314:. Retrieved
1310:the original
1288:
1279:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:
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1228:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1065:
1060:1 July 1880
1056:Regular Army
1014:Regular Army
957:12 May 1864
935:10 May 1864
932:Regular Army
912:Regular Army
908:Brevet Major
875:14 May 1861
835:1 July 1856
790:
783:
779:World War II
764:
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739:
730:Root Reforms
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694:
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490:In the 1864
489:
465:regular army
426:
390:Daniel Tyler
368:
351:tuburculosis
344:
311:
301:
278:
277:
188:Battles/wars
70:(1881-03-15)
1654:1881 deaths
1649:1839 births
855:6 May 1861
822:No insignia
704:World War I
675:Army reform
661:brain tumor
508:World War I
504:Confederate
485: Union
296:during the
279:Emory Upton
23:Emory Upton
1643:Categories
1626:2008-02-12
1435:Parameters
1316:2006-09-01
1270:2024-03-08
1149:References
974:Volunteers
953:Volunteers
775:Camp Upton
722:Elihu Root
379:Brig. Gen.
334:West Point
308:Early life
126:Union Army
102:Allegiance
96:, New York
79:California
47:1839-08-27
814:Component
736:Memorials
556:. At the
521:Maj. Gen.
512:Mule Shoe
412:. In the
392:. In the
357:Civil War
353:in 1870.
135:1861–1881
1522:Archived
1217:Archived
1171:Archived
1107:See also
1088:Caucasus
808:Insignia
755:—
594:Muscogee
575:and the
547:Lt. Gen.
528:II Corps
420:and the
408:and the
402:VI Corps
167:Commands
116:Service/
59:New York
1306:"North"
1050:Colonel
990:Captain
888:Colonel
463:in the
431:of the
429:colonel
286:general
55:Batavia
1574:
1559:
1508:
1493:
1475:
1452:
1423:
1083:(1870)
483:
477:
457:brevet
158:Brevet
118:branch
94:Auburn
1168:North
1154:Notes
826:Cadet
817:Date
461:major
110:Union
53:near
1572:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1421:ISBN
831:USMA
811:Rank
592:CSS
288:and
140:Rank
65:Died
41:Born
384:'s
332:at
324:at
1645::
1619:.
1444:.
1346:^
1334:^
1297:^
1263:.
1237:^
1206:^
1182:^
717:,
706:.
671:.
652:.
629:.
590:,
579:.
538:.
467:.
92:,
77:,
57:,
1629:.
1603:.
1578:.
1563:.
1512:.
1497:.
1481:.
1456:.
1427:.
1319:.
1273:.
1223:.
1177:.
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
