425:
245:, Pennsylvania. Hackley lived with her husband in Philadelphia in 1910 and 1912. Her mother-in-law lived with them in 1910. At the time, Edwin worked as a letter carrier and she was a singer and a music teacher. There is no record of the Hackleys having divorced. She was identified as a married woman on her death certificate of 1922; Edwin H. Hackley was identified as her husband. Identified as a widower and a playwright, Edwin died in 1940. Hackley was on his death certificate as his deceased wife.
280:
301:. She wrote articles about African American literature and music, including the influence of music on children and home life. Other topics include civil government, current events, and the importance of compiling facts on blacks. She also wrote about household economies and hygiene. In one column she wrote of the Colored Women's League:
200:
She continued her voice and violin lessons, and she also took French lessons. She sang for the
Detroit Musical Society. She paid for her lessons by giving piano lessons. Hackley also gave voice recitals. Due to her very light skin color and auburn hair, many people suggested that she try to pass for
351:
Hackley wrote newspaper and magazine articles and short books. She gave lectures at churches, colleges, and schools throughout the United States and Canada. Hackley raised funds by holding benefit concerts, which was used to provide foreign scholarships for
African American classical musicians.
196:
Hackley learned to play the piano at age three and took voice and violin lessons as a child. She was the first
African American student to attend public school there. She sang and played piano at high school dances, which contributed to the Smith family's income. She completed her education at
329:. She held large community concerts with programs that included classical music, operatic arias, and African American spirituals performed by her and local performers. She financed the programs and provided training sessions for local performers about ten days before the concert.
42:
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In mapping out this program we have borne in mind the great need for thought and talk on the practical as well as cultural side of woman's life. Our first work will be toward the education and improvement of our
Colored women and the promotion of their
197:
Capital High School and a normal school at the same time, graduating with honors from the
Washington Normal School in 1886. She received a teaching certificate in 1887 and taught at Clinton Elementary School in Detroit from that year to 1894.
314:, Pennsylvania to continue her career as a choral director. She was the director of music at the Episcopal Church of the Crucifixion. In 1904, she founded and led the 100-member People's Choir, which became known as the Hackley Choral.
363:, which operated until 1916. She had intended for it to be her headquarters and a central location for the school that she could return to between her tours. Instead it put a strain on her. As a result, her health began to decline.
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Corilla's father, William Beard, was a former slave who moved to
Detroit Michigan, where he established a successful laundry business. Due to his success, he was able to ensure that his children had a good
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Hackley and her husband co-founded the
Imperial Order of Libyans, to combat racial prejudice and foment equality. At the turn of the twentieth century, Edwin sold his interest in
181:, Corilla founded a school in Murfreesboro for former enslaved people and their children. She gave voice lessons at night. In 1870, the school was threatened and attacked by the
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She promoted racial pride through music. She defined herself as a "race musical missionary." She wanted children to be inspired, stimulated, and trained at her concerts. The
370:, a "how to" on becoming a refined African American lady. She defined beauty, duty, and career and leadership opportunities for black women. She was described as one of
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120:, she promoted racial pride through her support and promotion of music education for African Americans. She was a choir director and organized Folk Songs Festivals in
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Her health suffered due to the high altitude and
Hackley decided to move east for her health. In 1901 or 1905, Hackley separated from her husband and left Denver for
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269:. While receiving her education, she was the assistant director of a large choir in Denver and was the choir director at her church.
193:. Corilla was a teacher and supported herself and the girls after the Smiths separated. Hackley had a younger sister named Marietta.
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white in order to further her musical career. She refused to deny her heritage and remained proud of her roots throughout her life.
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A special collection, the E. Azalia
Hackley Collection of African Americans in the Performing Arts, was founded in her name at the
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She gathered recommendations that she had made during her lecture tours for Black woman to succeed. In 1916, Hackley published
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acknowledged her efforts to draw
African Americans into music and said that she was "one of the best vocalists in the city."
401:
in 1921 and was brought back to Detroit. She died on December 13, 1922, at the home of her sister, Mrs. Marieta Johnson, in
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and other hostile groups during evening singing lessons. Concerned for the safety of their family, the Smiths moved to
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Performing racial uplift : E. Azalia Hackley and African American activism in the postbellum to pre-Harlem era
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She was driven by a philosophy to uplift people, which she did by delivering lectures inspired by the 19th-century
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Performing Racial Uplift: E. Azalia Hackley and African American Activism in the Post-Bellum to Pre-Harlem Era
173:, she was the daughter of Henry B. and Corilla (Carrilla) Smith. Her mother, formerly Corilla Beard, lived in
217:, Colorado in 1894. After the marriage, she moved to Colorado with him. Edwin Henry Hackley, educated at the
429:
170:
66:
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spiritual movement. She also enjoyed giving music lessons to large audiences. Juanita Karpf wrote the book
435:
A portrait of Hackley, painted by Detroit artist Telitha Cumi Bowens, was included in the 1988/89 exhibit
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443:, Detroit. The exhibit featured a dozen prominent Black women from the state of Michigan, including the
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Hackley held her first performance of a concert tour in Denver in 1901. In 1901, Hackley moved to
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and her father was from Murfreesboro. They moved south after their marriage. The daughter of an
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783:"Corilla Beard Smith – Education in Rutherford County after the Civil War, 1867–1887"
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and schools. Hackley studied music for years, including in Paris under opera singer
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in 1900. She was the first African American graduate of the school. Trained in the
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1175:"African-American Woman Was A Pioneer In The American Classical Music Tradition"
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221:, was the first African American admitted to the Colorado bar. He co-founded
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161:, a manual on becoming an accomplished and refined African American lady.
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1236:. Detroit, MI: Museum of African American History. 1989. pp. 19–21.
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Black Past states that she separated and went to Philadelphia in 1905.
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to an international audience at the World Sunday School Convention in
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144:
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United States Federal Census, Records of the Bureau of the Census
581:"Azalia Smith Hackley—Musical Prodigy and Pioneering Journalist"
1066:"The Colored Girl Beautiful by E. Azalia Hackley – Free Ebook"
1030:
The Allure of Blackness among Mixed-Race Americans, 1862–1916
936:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: C.E. Howe Company, p. 817
889:"Emma Hackley, Music Educator born Saturday, June 29, 1867"
703:"Mme. E. Azalia Hackley is Dead After Months of Illness"
151:. She was a newspaper editor for the women's section of
116:, newspaper editor, teacher, and political activist. An
1090:
Hackley, E. Azalia (Emma Azalia) (February 21, 2010).
189:, Michigan, in 1870 or in the 1870s. Her father was a
140:. She founded the Vocal Normal Institute in Chicago.
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48:
32:
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355:In 1912, she formed the Vocal Normal Institute in
397:Hackley collapsed on stage while performing in
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317:She organized Folk Songs Festivals to present
143:Hackley co-founded both the Imperial Order of
1033:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 188.
1011:, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, July 11, 1940
465:List of African American pioneers of Colorado
8:
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735:
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731:
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169:Born Emma Azalia Smith on June 29, 1867, in
1380:19th-century African-American women singers
1350:19th-century African-American women writers
1330:20th-century African-American women singers
1209:digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org
921:, Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1910
862:, Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1880
853:
851:
787:Stones River Battlefield Historic Landscape
287:She established the Colorado branch of the
213:, an attorney and newspaper publisher from
992:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1315:19th-century American newspaper editors
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1027:Dineen-Wimberly, Ingrid (2019-10-01).
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919:Thirteenth Census of the United States
747:Oxford African American Studies Center
1370:Burials at Elmwood Cemetery (Detroit)
1365:19th-century African-American writers
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128:. She was a music teacher who taught
7:
1145:"The Passing of Mme. Azalia Hackley"
1360:19th-century American women writers
1335:20th-century American women singers
1305:19th-century American women singers
1280:People from Murfreesboro, Tennessee
1185:from the original on April 17, 2015
1122:. University Press of Mississippi.
917:"E. Azalia Hackley, Philadelphia",
640:Peterson, Heather (June 30, 2008).
1098:from the original on July 18, 2018
934:Boyd's Philadelphia City Directory
827:"Madame Emma Azalia Smith Hackley"
652:from the original on March 3, 2016
522:from the original on June 18, 2015
441:Museum of African American History
428:Emma Hackley (in spectacles) with
25:
405:, Michigan. She is buried at the
378:by Lois Brevard, her biographer.
157:and an author. Hackley published
1325:19th-century American educators
1155:from the original on 2021-11-07
1126:from the original on 2021-11-08
1047:from the original on 2024-07-10
975:from the original on 2024-07-10
899:from the original on 2021-11-08
793:from the original on 2021-11-08
753:from the original on 2023-07-22
743:"Search Results: Corilla Smith"
713:from the original on 2021-11-08
701:White, Lucien H. (1922-12-23).
591:from the original on 2021-11-07
265:vocal style, she was a concert
518:. No. December 30, 1922.
1:
1355:19th-century American writers
1340:20th-century American singers
1310:19th-century American singers
449:Ethelene Jones Crockett, M.D.
27:Singer and political activist
1092:"The Colored Girl Beautiful"
1068:. 2019-05-24. Archived from
674:"Madame E. Azalia Hackley",
332:In Paris, she studied under
78:1922 (aged 54–55)
1205:"Emma Azalia Smith Hackley"
831:elmwoodhistoriccemetery.org
680:June 29, 1867 date of birth
319:African American Spirituals
112:(1867–1922), was a concert
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1290:African-American musicians
368:The Colored Girl Beautiful
291:and was the editor of the
159:The Colored Girl Beautiful
1151:. 1922-12-16. p. 5.
893:African American Registry
295:, the woman's section of
283:Emma Azalia Hackley, 1922
236:Statesman-cum-Denver Star
227:with Joseph D.D. Rivers.
122:African American churches
39:
18:Emma Azalia Smith Hackley
1345:American music educators
1119:Performing Racial Uplift
947:Karpf, Juanita (2022).
445:Honorable Cora M. Brown
321:. She introduced Black
171:Murfreesboro, Tennessee
67:Murfreesboro, Tennessee
1295:Musicians from Detroit
1285:Singers from Tennessee
432:
414:Detroit Public Library
308:
298:The Colorado Statesman
289:Colored Women's League
284:
259:Denver School of Music
219:University of Michigan
149:Colored Women's League
1300:Musicians from Denver
932:"E. Azalia Hackley",
642:"Emma Azalia Hackley"
427:
282:
1009:Certificate of Death
1007:"Edwin H. Hackley",
676:Certificate of Death
110:Azalia Smith Hackley
1251:Emma Azalia Hackley
858:"Azalia E. Smith",
253:Hackley earned her
211:Edwin Henry Hackley
102:Emma Azalia Hackley
94:Edwin Henry Hackley
34:Emma Azalia Hackley
1385:American lecturers
1179:Schiller Institute
587:. March 27, 2017.
514:Taylor, Julius F.
453:Fannie M. Richards
433:
420:In popular culture
293:Statesman Exponent
285:
234:and published the
1375:Colorado pioneers
1040:978-1-4962-0507-0
960:978-1-4968-3672-4
346:R. Nathaniel Dett
255:bachelor's degree
138:R. Nathaniel Dett
106:E. Azalia Hackley
99:
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82:Detroit, Michigan
53:Emma Azalia Smith
16:(Redirected from
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372:W. E. B. Du Bois
118:African American
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1255:Find a Grave
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656:February 18,
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338:Roland Hayes
331:
316:
312:Philadelphia
309:
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296:
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286:
273:
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252:
243:Philadelphia
240:
235:
231:
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222:
209:She married
208:
199:
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183:Ku Klux Klan
168:
158:
152:
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130:Roland Hayes
109:
105:
101:
100:
1275:1922 deaths
1270:1867 births
953:. Jackson.
383:New Thought
274:Denver Post
1264:Categories
1219:2021-11-07
1159:2021-11-07
1130:2021-11-08
1102:January 1,
1076:2019-05-24
1051:2021-12-19
979:2022-05-22
969:1286677110
903:2021-11-08
841:2021-11-07
797:2021-11-08
757:2021-11-08
717:2021-11-08
646:Black Past
595:2021-11-07
501:References
484:education.
323:folk music
306:interests.
191:blacksmith
165:Early life
59:1867-06-29
988:cite book
416:in 1943.
399:San Diego
263:bel canto
257:from the
1189:June 22,
1183:Archived
1153:Archived
1124:Archived
1096:Archived
1045:Archived
973:Archived
897:Archived
791:Archived
751:Archived
711:Archived
650:Archived
589:Archived
526:June 22,
520:Archived
459:See also
361:Illinois
205:Marriage
147:and the
439:at the
403:Detroit
357:Chicago
267:soprano
187:Detroit
175:Detroit
145:Libyans
114:soprano
1037:
967:
957:
344:, and
249:Career
215:Denver
136:, and
90:Spouse
84:, U.S.
69:, U.S.
471:Notes
393:Death
327:Tokyo
1191:2015
1104:2019
1035:ISBN
994:link
965:OCLC
955:ISBN
658:2016
528:2015
108:and
75:Died
49:Born
1253:at
374:'s
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