1317:
will rebuke me. Therefore, I have organized a righteous army and sought peace with the barbarians to the north to try to calm the earth and to protect Sui. However, for the people under the heavens, there must be someone to rule over them, and other than you, who can be that person? I am too old – over 50 – and that is not my intent, but I am happy to support you, my younger brother. I hope to be able to climb onto the scale of a dragon and hold onto the wing of a phoenix, and I hope that you, my younger brother, will soon, in accordance with the prophecy, pacify all who are on this earth. You are the leader among the Li, and I hope that you will be gracious and accept me, and to give me again the domain of Tang; that will be enough glory for me. I do not have the heart to hear such commands as killing Xin of Shang at Muye, nor do I dare to listen to the order of capturing Ziying at
Xianyang. Also, the Fen and Jin region requires pacification right now, and I am not yet able to arrange a time for the meeting at Mengjin .
1849:), a suggestion that Li Jiancheng, Li Yuanji, and the chancellor Pei Ji agreed with. Li Shimin opposed, however, and the plan was not carried out. Meanwhile, Li Shimin himself was sending his confidants to Luoyang to build up personal control of the army there. After an incident in which Li Shimin suffered a severe case of food poisoning after feasting at Li Jiancheng's palace—an event that both Emperor Gaozu and Li Shimin apparently interpreted as an assassination attempt—Emperor Gaozu considered sending Li Shimin to guard Luoyang to prevent further conflict, but Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, after consulting each other, believed that this would only give Li Shimin an opportunity to build up his personal power there, and therefore opposed it. Emperor Gaozu therefore did not carry out the plan.
1893:), Li Shimin carried out the ambush he had set. He personally fired an arrow that killed Li Jiancheng. Subsequently, Yuchi killed Li Yuanji. Li Shimin's forces entered the palace and, under the intimidation of Li Shimin's forces, Emperor Gaozu agreed to create Li Shimin crown prince. Meanwhile, Li Shimin accused the late Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji of plotting treason, posthumously demoted them to commoners and had their sons all executed as well, with Emperor Gaozu unable to oppose the action. Two months later, Emperor Gaozu passed the throne to Li Shimin (as Emperor Taizong).
1811:), was incensed, and summoned Li Jiancheng, then at Chang'an, to Renzhi Palace. Li Jiancheng briefly flirted the idea of occupying Chang'an and not accepting the order, but eventually reported to Renzhi Palace to request forgiveness. Emperor Gaozu put him under arrest. When Yang heard this, Yang rebelled, and Emperor Gaozu, after promising Li Shimin that he would be made crown prince, sent Li Shimin to attack Yang. (Under Emperor Gaozu's promise, Li Jiancheng would be removed as crown prince and created the Prince of Shu instead. He would then send Li Jiancheng to the modern
1471:, who controlled a major part of Li Mi's former territory, also submitted, and Emperor Gaozu, impressed with Xu's faithfulness to Li Mi, bestowed the imperial surname of Li on Xu. Gaozu created Li Mi the Duke of Xing, but only made him the Minister of Feasts, a post that Li Mi viewed as below his stature. Around New Year 619, Li Mi requested Emperor Gaozu's permission to head east to persuade some of his former subordinates to submit to Tang, but once he left Chang'an, planned to restore his independence. He was ambushed and killed by the Tang general Sheng Yanshi (
1563:
concerned that a Tang victory over Zheng would also mean his own demise, but at the same time was eager to exploit the weakness of the Zheng and claim its domains for himself. Emperor Gaozu was initially fearful that Dou and Wang would be able to sandwich Li Shimin's forces between them and ordered Li Shimin to retreat, but upon Li Shimin's petition changed his mind and permitted Li Shimin to remain in the
Luoyang region. Li Shimin, leaving Li Yuanji in charge of the siege of Luoyang, advanced and took up position at
34:
1390:
1382:
1879:
Shimin's control, further troubling Li Shimin, who believed that with the army in Li Yuanji's hands, he would be unable to resist an attack. Li Shimin had Yuchi summon Fang and Du back to his mansion secretly, and then on one night submitted an accusation to
Emperor Gaozu that Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji were committing adultery with Emperor Gaozu's concubines. Emperor Gaozu, in response, issued summonses to Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji for the next morning, convening the senior officials Pei Ji,
1207:, i.e., Taiyuan), but at first did not reveal their plans to Li Yuan. At Li Shimin's urging, Pei Ji, who had also earlier, against regulations, allowed Li Yuan to have sexual relations with some of late Emperor Wen's imperial concubines, persuaded Li Yuan that it was necessary for him to rebel. Modern researchers, however, have concluded that the initiative for the revolt came from Li Yuan himself.
1685:
possess the greater reputation among the army. Li Yuanji, who was also often relied on by
Emperor Gaozu as a general, supported Li Jiancheng in this rivalry, and often pushed Li Jiancheng toward a more hardline position against Li Shimin, wanting to be crown prince when Li Jiancheng would become emperor. Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji had better relations with Emperor Gaozu's favored young
1902:
relatives to be imperial princes (which
Emperor Taizong reversed later in 626, reducing the ranks of most of those princes to dukes) and Emperor Gaozu's gathering of many ladies in waiting (which Emperor Taizong reversed in 628, releasing about 3,000 ladies in waiting from service, although Emperor Taizong himself, later in his reign, appeared to have gathered as many if not more).
1278:(retired emperor). Li Yuan first secured his northern flank by contacting Shibi Khan, offering tribute, and received men and horses in exchange. He put Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin in charge of his army and, leaving Li Yuanji in charge at Taiyuan, advanced south. Meanwhile, the Sui officials at Hedong arrested Li Zhiyun and delivered him to Chang'an, where he was executed.
1102:, although Yang Xuangan's rebellion eventually did not involve that region. Li Yuan took the opportunity to recruit talented people to his staff. Later that year, when Emperor Yang summoned him to his presence, he declined, citing ill health—an excuse that Emperor Yang did not believe, as he questioned Li Yuan's niece, Consort Wang (Emperor Yang's
104:
1701:, who argued that Li Jiancheng needed some victories himself to establish his reputation, Li Jiancheng volunteered to command the army against Liu Heita. Emperor Gaozu thus sent Li Jiancheng, assisted by Li Yuanji. Around the new year 623, with Liu's forced bogged down while attacking Tang's Wei Prefecture (
1170:, the Dingyang Khan, who soon rose against Wang and killed him and captured Emperor Yang's secondary palace near Taiyuan. Li Yuan also became fearful due to prophecies circulating throughout the empire that the next emperor would be named Li—and because Emperor Yang had killed another official, Li Hun (
1316:
Although I am ordinary and foolish, but I have had the opportunity to, by my ancestors' largess, receive the opportunity to be an imperial messenger when leaving the capital and a guard leader in the capital. If the administration falls and I am unable to help it, even the most understanding wise man
1878:
In summer 626, the
Eastern Turkic khaganate was making another attack, and under Li Jiancheng's suggestion, Emperor Gaozu, instead of sending Li Shimin to resist the Turks as he first was inclined, decided to send Li Yuanji instead. Li Yuanji was given command of much of the army previously under Li
1684:
Meanwhile, an intense rivalry had developed between Li
Jiancheng and Li Shimin, as while Li Jiancheng had some contributions toward Tang's reunification of China, Li Shimin had been the one defeating and capturing the major rivals Xue Rengao, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande, and Wang Shichong, causing him to
1342:
to capture territory there. Meanwhile, his daughter had also risen in rebellion in support of him, and she was able to gather a sizable army and capture some cities. She joined forces with Li Shimin and her husband Chai Shao. Soon, Li Yuan reconsolidated his forces and put Chang'an under siege. In
1321:
Li Mi was pleased with Li Yuan's response, believing that Li Yuan was willing to support him, and from that point on, Li Mi and Li Yuan often exchanged messengers. Li Yuan's campaign against Chang'an thus went without opposition from Li Mi. Meanwhile, however, when Li Yuan arrived near Hedong, his
1562:
After Li Shimin defeated Liu, he started a campaign against Wang's Zheng state in fall 620. He initially could not decisively defeat Zheng, but by spring 621 had put the Zheng capital
Luoyang under a tight siege, although he was not able to capture it. Wang sought aid from Dou. The latter agreed,
1509:
Meanwhile, Tang was facing another serious threat—Liu Wuzhou, now determined to march south against Tang. Emperor Gaozu sent Pei Ji against Liu's advancing army, but Pei was defeated by Liu, who then put
Taiyuan under siege. Li Yuanji fled back to Chang'an, and much of modern Shanxi was seized by
1901:
Emperor Gaozu, as retired emperor, did not appear to try to exert much influence in the reign of his son
Emperor Taizong, and not much was recorded about his activities. Indeed, Emperor Taizong, almost immediately, began reversing some of his policies, including his policies of creating many
1941:
was trapped and could not avenge himself. Now my son can destroy Tujue. I have entrusted the empire to the right person, and what do I have to worry about?" He subsequently summoned a number of princes and princesses, along with high level officials, to celebrate the victory, playing the
1822:, all spoke on Li Jiancheng's behalf, and Emperor Gaozu changed his mind, released Li Jiancheng, and allowed him to return to Chang'an and remain as crown prince. Instead, Emperor Gaozu only blamed the discord between his sons on Li Jiancheng's staff members Wang Gui and Wei Ting (
1689:
than Li Shimin did (as their mother Duchess Dou had died before Tang's establishment), and those concubines helped rehabilitate Li Jiancheng's standing before Emperor Gaozu, causing him to no longer consider making Li Shimin crown prince instead, as he considered at one point.
1446:, the Prince of Liang, between whose domain and the Tang Xue's Qin state was located, writing Li Gui and referring to him as cousin. Li Gui briefly submitted to Gaozu. Meanwhile, before he could attack Chang'an, Xue Ju died of illness and was succeeded by his son
1322:
army was bogged down by the weather, and with food running out, there were rumors that Eastern Tujue and Liu Wuzhou would attack Taiyuan. Li Yuan initially ordered retreat, but at the earnest opposition by Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin, continued to advance. After
1299:
Although I and you, my older brother, are of different branches, but we are both Lis. I know that I do not have sufficient strength, but by the love of the men on this earth, I have been made the leader. I hope that you will support and help me. Let us capture
1864:
were repeatedly encouraging Li Shimin to attack Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji first—while Wei Zheng was encouraging Li Jiancheng to attack Li Shimin first. Li Jiancheng persuaded Emperor Gaozu to remove Fang and Du, as well as Li Shimin's trusted guard officers
1347:(with the title of grand chancellor) and created the Prince of Tang. (Meanwhile, most of Sui territory did not recognize Yang You as emperor and continued to recognize Emperor Yang as emperor and not as retired emperor.) He sent his nephew
1668:
1267:
Once Li Jiancheng, Li Yuanji, and Chai arrived at Taiyuan, Li Yuan formally declared his rebellion, but maintained the guise of a Sui loyalist and declared that his intention was simply to install on the throne Emperor Yang's grandson
1106:), "Will he die?". In fear, Li Yuan took up drinking and receiving bribes to try to show Emperor Yang that he did not have great ambitions. In 615, Emperor Yang placed him in charge of the operations against agrarian rebels in the
3459:
day corresponds to the 2nd day of the month. Thus, Li Yuan's birthday was on the 2nd day of the 3rd month of the 1st year of the Tianhe era of Northern Zhou's Emperor Wu's reign. This date corresponds to 7 Apr 566 on the Julian
1571:, and Li Shimin defeated Dou, capturing him. Despairing, Wang also surrendered, and most of the Zheng territory was seized by the Tang. Xia territory was also seized by Tang, but after Emperor Gaozu executed Dou, Dou's general
1281:
His daughter Pingyang sold her possessions to raise an army for him. She persuaded several other leaders to fight under her banner. They took several towns and her army swelled until she had 70,000 troops under her command.
1082:, Li Yuan served as commandery governor (as Emperor Yang converted provinces into commanderies), but was later recalled to serve as a junior minister within Emperor Yang's administration. When Emperor Yang carried out his
1264:). Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, leaving Li Zhiyun at Hedong, soon met with Chai, and they arrived together at Taiyuan. Li Yuan's daughter, believing it would be difficult for her to flee with Chai, chose to hide instead.
1483:
Around the same time, Li Gui, while stating that he wished to be a Tang subject, refused the Tang creation of Prince of Liang, instead declaring himself the Emperor of Tang. In summer 619, Li Gui's official An Xinggui
1434:, an agrarian leader who had declared himself the Emperor of Qin. During the fall of 618, Xue took advantage of Li Shimin's illness to defeat an army commanded by Li Shimin and Liu Wenjing at Qianshui Plain (in modern
1510:
Liu. Emperor Gaozu then sent Li Shimin against Liu, and by summer 620, Li Shimin had defeated Liu, forcing him to flee to the Eastern Turks. Liu's territory was incorporated into Tang. Around the same time, however,
1419:. He restored much of the institutions of Sui's first ruler, Emperor Wen, reversing a number of changes that Emperor Yang made. He created Yang You the Duke of Xi, Li Jiancheng, his oldest son, was named
1758:
the Prince of Yan, to supplement his guard corps, against Emperor Gaozu's regulations. When this was revealed to Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Gaozu rebuked Li Jiancheng and exiled his guard commander Keda Zhi
3970:
886:
of the north and was able to pacify them. Li Yuan was also able to gather support from these successes and, with the disintegration of the Sui dynasty in July 617, Li Yuan – urged on by his second son
1490:), formerly a Tang official, rebelled against Li Gui and captured him, submitting to Tang. Gaozu executed Li Gui and incorporated his domain into Tang. Also around the same time, the rebel leader
937:
and strove to emulate most of Emperor Wen's policies, including the equal distribution of land amongst his people, and he also lowered taxes. He abandoned the harsh system of law established by
906:, but eventually removed him altogether and established the Tang dynasty in 618 with himself as emperor. His son and successor Li Shimin honoured him as Gaozu ("high founder") after his death.
1681:) the Prince of Huaiyang in battle, again seizing former Xia territory, although by this point Li Shimin and Li Yuanji had also defeated Xu Yuanlang and reduced his territory to a few cities.
1193:(Emperor Taizong), emphasize the latter's initiative and major role in instigating his father's rebellion. According to these, Li Shimin was secretly planning rebellion against Sui rule with
1675:
In spring 622, Li Shimin defeated Liu Heita, forcing him to flee to the Eastern Turks, but Liu Heita soon returned with Turkic reinforcements and killed Emperor Gaozu's nephew Li Daoxuan (
1621:, historians have nevertheless noted that some contributors to Emperor Gaozu's establishment of Tang were wrongly killed by him or killed based on fairly little evidence of wrongdoing:
1835:
Another problem that Emperor Gaozu faced was constant Eastern Turkic incursions. Emperor Gaozu seriously considered burning Chang'an to the ground and moving the capital to Fancheng (
1222:). Li Yuan, afraid that Wang and Gao would act against him first, then used a Turkic attack as an excuse to falsely claim that Wang and Gao were working in concert with the Turkic
1423:, while Li Shimin was made the Prince of Qin and Li Yuanji the Prince of Qi. Meanwhile, the Sui officials at Luoyang declared another grandson of Emperor Yang, Yang You's brother
3451:, he was born in the 1st year of the Tianhe era of Northern Zhou's Emperor Wu's reign. In the same biography, it was recorded that a birthday celebration was held for him on the
1534:) captive. With Li Gai in Dou's custody, Li Shiji surrendered to Dou as well. In 620, Li Shiji, in association with another Tang general who surrendered to Dou, Li Shanghu (
1751:, although, with Li Fuwei at Chang'an, Fu Gongshi rebelled in 623 and declared himself the Emperor of Song. Fu's rebellion, however, was quelled by Li Xiaogong in 624.
941:
as well as reforming the judicial system. These acts of reform paved the way for the reign of Emperor Taizong, which ultimately pushed Tang to the height of its power.
1289:
the Duke of Wei, who was near Luoyang, trying to see if Li Mi would be willing to follow him, but Li Mi, believing in his own strength, had his secretary Zu Junyan (
3934:
1797:) informed Emperor Gaozu that Li Jiancheng was encouraging Yang to start a rebellion so that they could seize power together. Emperor Gaozu, then at Renzhi Palace (
1210:
Li Yuan began to gather forces from the region, claiming that they were necessary to defend against the Turks, which drew suspicions from his deputies Wang Wei (
4001:
1385:
Map of the situation in northern China during the transition from the Sui to the Tang, with the main contenders for the throne and the main military operations
3966:
3521:
Historical sources did not indicate when Li Yuan and Lady Dou were wedded. However the date should be before Dou Yi's death on 3 Jan 583. (十二月...甲戌，上柱国窦毅卒。)
1979:), to serve as Emperor Gaozu's summer palace, but Emperor Gaozu fell ill before it was completed, and he never visited Daming Palace. He died in June 635.
1969:) during the Sui dynasty), Emperor Gaozu did not want to visit Jiucheng Palace. Rather, in 634, Emperor Taizong began to construct another summer palace,
1926:
In 630, when Emperor Gaozu, who had been submitting tribute to the Eastern Turks throughout his reign, heard that Emperor Taizong had sent the general
4499:
3482:
day of the 5th month of the 9th year of the Zhenguan era of Tang Taizong's reign. This date corresponds to 25 Jun 635 on the Gregorian calendar. (
1721:, in modern Handan as well), crushing him. Liu fled north toward the Eastern Turks, but was ambushed and captured by his own official Zhuge Dewei (
4509:
3731:
1050:. Li Bing died in 572, and Li Yuan inherited the title of Duke of Tang, a title he continued to hold after the Northern Zhou throne was seized by
1450:, who was a capable commander but who had alienated his generals because of his cruelty. Li Shimin was soon able to attack Xue Rengao at Gaozhi (
1754:
Meanwhile, the rivalry between Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin intensified. In 624, Li Jiancheng requisitioned a number of soldiers from the general
3848:
3950:
1887:
to examine Li Shimin's accusations. As Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji approached the central gate leading to Emperor Gaozu's palace, Xuanwu Gate (
4514:
4504:
3353:
1480:
In spring 619, Wang Shichong at Luoyang had Yang Tong yield the throne to him, ending the Sui dynasty and establishing a new state of Zheng.
1000:
official, but for several generations after that, Li Yuan's ancestors had only minor military titles. Li Yuan's paternal grandfather Li Hu (
4529:
3922:
3918:
3740:
117:
3910:
55:
1334:(i.e., the Chang'an region). Once he did, he headed for Chang'an himself, while sending Li Jiancheng to capture the territory around the
4519:
4262:
3994:
77:
3429:
On 20 December 617, Tang was promoted to a princedom. (十一月...甲子，隋帝诏加高祖假黄钺、使持节、大都督内外诸军事、大丞相，进封唐王，总录万机。以武德殿为丞相府，改教为令。以陇西公建成为唐国世子...)
1078:
During Emperor Wen's reign (581–604), Li Yuan served three terms as a provincial governor. Early in the reign of Emperor Wen's son
4534:
3914:
3906:
1025:
983:
933:. By 628, the Tang dynasty had succeeded in uniting all of China. On the home front, he recognized the early successes forged by
1875:), from Li Shimin's staff. Zhangsun, who remained on Li Shimin's staff, continued to try to persuade Li Shimin to attack first.
1326:
at Huoyi (霍邑, also in modern Yuncheng), he decided to leave a small contingent to watch over Hedong while advancing across the
909:
Emperor Gaozu's reign was concentrated on uniting the empire under the Tang. Aided by Li Shimin, whom he created the Prince of
4524:
705:
587:
508:
1949:
As Chang'an was often hot during the summer, Emperor Taizong often invited Emperor Gaozu to go with him to Jiucheng Palace (
1727:), who delivered him to Li Jiancheng. Li Jiancheng executed Liu. Around the same time, Xu was killed in flight. Meanwhile,
4494:
3946:
1498:, submitted to Tang, and Gaozu also bestowed the imperial surname of Li on him, creating him the Prince of Wu. Similarly,
740:
601:
543:
1693:
By winter 622, Liu Heita posed the only remaining major threat against Tang rule. At the suggestion of his staff members
3987:
4010:
3724:
1963:), to avoid the heat during the summer. However, as Sui's Emperor Wen had died there (which was named Renshou Palace (
1372:
653:
456:
1739:, had died, and his followers scattered. China was by this point completely unified by Tang except for the domain of
48:
42:
4539:
4032:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
1694:
4277:
3781:
3766:
59:
3898:
3863:
3833:
3823:
3818:
3798:
2964:
1163:
20:
1540:), plotted to ambush Dou, but the plot was discovered; Li Shanghu was killed, and Li Shiji fled back to Tang.
1415:. When the news reached Chang'an, Li Yuan had Yang You yield the throne to him, becoming Emperor Gaozu of the
1032:, but was posthumously created the Duke of Tang after Northern Zhou's founding. His son and Li Yuan's father
4071:
3890:
3838:
3808:
3792:
3771:
3761:
3756:
3701:
3455:
day of the 3rd month of the 8th year of the Zhenguan era of Tang Taizong's reign (634). For that month, the
2140:
2007:
1190:
1075:) the Duke of Shenwu and Northern Zhou's Princess Xiangyang (Yuwen Tai's daughter) as his wife and duchess.
1033:
887:
372:
158:
135:
956:, killing them. Fearful of what Li Shimin might do next, Emperor Gaozu passed the throne to him and became
4458:
4267:
4047:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3894:
3858:
3853:
3843:
3828:
3813:
3803:
3717:
2031:
1927:
3592:
1098:, Emperor Yang commissioned Li Yuan as a general and made him be in charge of the operations west of the
4332:
3926:
3902:
3886:
3787:
2901:
2321:
2013:
1194:
1120:), but recalled him in 616. Later that year, Emperor Yang put him in charge of the key city of Taiyuan (
970:
According to the official genealogy of the Tang ruling house, Li Yuan's seventh-generation ancestor was
1522:, north of the Yellow River, seizing nearly all of them and taking Emperor Gaozu's cousin Li Shentong (
1389:
1083:
1381:
1343:
winter 617, he captured Chang'an and declared Yang You emperor (as Emperor Gong). He had himself made
3580:
1662:
1551:
region, in the name of the Tang dynasty. Li Zitong, in turn, defeated and took over the territory of
953:
1528:) the Prince of Huai'an, Emperor Gaozu's sister the Princess Tong'an, and Li Shiji's father Li Gai (
4489:
4484:
4234:
4027:
3678:
1286:
1079:
938:
4377:
1606:
defeated Li Zitong, forcing him to surrender as well. Liang and Wu territory were seized by Tang.
1579:, a rebel leader who had previously submitted to Zheng, also rose in revolt, occupying the modern
1246:, by his concubine Lady Wan), whom he had left there to watch over his household, and the capital
4101:
3868:
2271:
1610:
1514:
the Prince of Xia made a major offensive against the cities that had submitted to Tang in modern
1305:
1232:(Ashina Duojishi), and had them executed. He sent secret messengers to Hedong to recall his sons
1051:
934:
4244:
3550:
1506:
region, submitted, was bestowed the imperial surname of Li, and was created the Prince of Yan.
882:
In 615, Li Yuan was assigned to garrison Longxi. He gained much experience by dealing with the
4091:
2119:
1923:). Only then was Emperor Taizong able to move from the crown prince's palace to Taiji Palace.
1765:). When, subsequently, Li Jiancheng nevertheless requested the commandant at Qing Prefecture (
1251:
1107:
689:
681:
492:
484:
243:
1852:
By 626, Li Shimin was fearful that he would be killed by Li Jiancheng, and his staff members
1338:
region to prevent Sui forces at Luoyang from reinforcing Chang'an and Li Shimin north of the
4453:
4139:
3685:
3587:
3575:
3474:
3447:
2847:
1460:
1443:
1189:
Traditional accounts, compiled during the reign of Li Yuan's second son by the Duchess Dou,
979:
914:
896:, the eventual Emperor Taizong) – rose in rebellion. Using the title of "Great Chancellor" (
860:
815:
784:
632:
435:
404:
4463:
4448:
1772:
1568:
1376:
1323:
291:
1427:, the Prince of Yue, as emperor, and refused to recognize the regime change in Chang'an.
667:
470:
1785:), to conscript troops, presumably to guard against Li Shimin, the officers Erzhu Huan (
1459:
Meanwhile, Li Mi, having been defeated earlier in the year in a surprise attack (at the
3599:
3387:
1748:
1274:
987:
958:
883:
761:
754:
564:
557:
173:
1815:
region.) Once Li Shimin left, however, Li Yuanji, Emperor Gaozu's concubines, and the
4478:
4402:
4362:
4312:
4174:
2857:
2095:
2079:
1970:
1861:
1853:
1548:
1464:
1066:
1029:
922:
853:
234:
201:
1166:(Tujue) and the growing strength of agrarian rebels—particularly the Turk-supported
1042:), of Han ethnicity, inherited the title of the Duke of Tang and married one of the
4297:
4214:
4076:
4057:
3691:
3300:
2107:
2049:
1938:
1643:) the Duke of Zhenxiang, in 620, on accusation of collaboration with Eastern Tujue.
1420:
1416:
1327:
1233:
1091:
1090:
in 613, Li Yuan was in charge of part of the logistics operation. When the general
1043:
997:
945:
864:
822:
733:
639:
536:
442:
382:
362:
214:
108:
4382:
1652:) the Duke of Yingyang, in 623, on accusation of collaboration with Eastern Tujue.
4417:
4407:
4397:
4387:
4367:
4337:
4327:
4272:
4229:
4194:
4179:
4169:
4154:
4149:
4096:
4018:
3373:
2073:
2067:
2019:
1740:
1728:
1602:
region, forcing Xiao Xian to surrender. On another front, Li Fuwei's lieutenant
1576:
1552:
1412:
1348:
1312:
Li Yuan was dismayed but, not wanting to make another enemy, wrote back humbly:
1247:
1198:
1059:
1055:
1007:
868:
350:
323:
197:
3709:
4427:
4422:
4412:
4342:
4292:
4287:
4209:
4189:
4164:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4106:
3979:
2043:
1934:
1884:
1866:
1816:
1603:
1564:
1511:
1447:
1351:
south, and Li Xiaogong was able to persuade the Sui cities in modern southern
1229:
1183:
1167:
930:
926:
918:
4432:
4392:
4372:
4352:
4347:
4322:
4307:
4282:
4239:
4224:
4159:
4144:
4086:
4081:
4042:
3776:
2809:
2164:
2152:
2132:
2055:
1832:, exiling them. Yang was subsequently assassinated by his own subordinates.
1819:
1804:
1736:
1698:
1686:
1587:
1572:
1544:
1442:) and approach Chang'an. In response, Gaozu tried to enter an alliance with
1424:
1360:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1255:
1237:
1103:
1099:
1011:
949:
698:
501:
1543:
In 620, Li Fuwei captured much of the territory of another agrarian ruler,
4317:
4302:
4204:
4037:
3245:
2592:
2037:
1857:
1842:
1618:
1580:
1575:
rose against the Tang and seized most of the former Xia territory, while
1556:
1491:
1468:
1435:
1404:
1272:, the Prince of Dai, who was then at Chang'an, and honor Emperor Yang as
1269:
1155:
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1667:
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1960:
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910:
876:
357:
345:
103:
4219:
4184:
2061:
1829:
1755:
1708:
1499:
1439:
1431:
1344:
1301:
1224:
1159:
1131:
1117:
971:
872:
3568:
Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century
3529:
indicate that her father was involved in helping her find a husband.
1956:
1846:
1776:
1712:
1666:
1595:
1591:
1519:
1515:
1495:
1456:, in modern Xianyang as well), and force Xue Rengao to surrender.
1388:
1467:, fled to Tang territory and submitted to Gaozu. Li Mi's general
766:
569:
1943:
1905:
In 629, Emperor Gaozu moved from the main palace, Taiji Palace (
3983:
3713:
3385:
Abdicated in favor of his son, and was honored with the title
1946:
himself at the celebration and having the guests dance to it.
1430:
Emperor Gaozu's rule immediately faced a major challenge from
1142:
Emperor Yang grew dissatisfied with Li Yuan and Wang Rengong (
27:
1625:
Liu Wenjing, in 619, on accusation that he engaged sorcerers.
1197:, the majordomo of Emperor Yang's secondary palace, and with
745:
548:
1176:) and his clan over his fears that Li Hun's nephew Li Min (
952:, the Prince of Qi, ambushed Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji at
3376:
and de facto ruler of western China since 12 December 617
724:
710:
527:
513:
1731:
the Emperor of Chu, who had one point controlled modern
2135:, Duke of Qiao (谯国公柴绍，d. 638), and had issue (two sons)
1715:), Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji engaged him at Guantao (
2230:
Li Yuanjia, Prince Han (韓王 李元嘉/韩王; 620–688), 11th son
1743:
the Emperor of Liang, who controlled modern northern
871:, Li Yuan was the governor in the area of modern-day
827:
686:
672:
658:
644:
489:
475:
461:
447:
1590:
the Emperor of Liang, who had controlled the modern
4441:
4253:
4115:
4056:
4017:
1397:
In spring 618, Emperor Yang was killed at Jiangdu (
1014:, and was created the Duke of Longxi and given the
821:
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116:
92:
1657:Struggle between sons and the Xuanwu Gate Incident
1250:(modern Xi'an) to recall his daughter (the future
1162:), over their inability to stop incursions by the
944:In 626, Li Shimin, in a dispute with his brothers
913:, he defeated all the other contenders, including
2624:; d. 642), and had issue (one son, one daughter)
2595:, in 617, and had issue (two sons, one daughter)
1308:at Muye; would it not be a great accomplishment?
3538:
2673:) in 630, and had issue (one son, one daughter)
1314:
1297:
1285:Meanwhile, Li Yuan wrote another rebel leader,
1186:, the Princess Leping) had imperial ambitions.
2653:; d. 647) in 622, and had issue (one daughter)
2638:Married Zhao Cijing of Tianshui, Duke Kaihua (
1046:and daughter of the prominent Xianbei general
867:of China, reigning from 618 to 626. Under the
19:"Li Yuan" redirects here. For other uses, see
3995:
3725:
2970:
2958:
2949:
2938:
2937:Married Doulu Huairang of Changli, Duke Rui (
2929:
2918:
2909:
2895:
2886:
2875:
2866:
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2838:
2827:
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2794:
2788:
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2437:
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2417:
2408:
2397:
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2325:
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2301:
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2222:
2221:First Imperial Concubine, of the Yuwen clan (
2211:
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2179:
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2099:
1992:
1974:
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1671:Posthumous portrait painting of Emperor Gaozu
1647:
1638:
1629:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1485:
1472:
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1398:
1367:Establishment of Tang and gradual unification
1290:
1259:
1241:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1177:
1171:
1149:
1143:
1121:
1111:
1070:
1037:
1019:
1001:
991:
902:), Li Yuan installed a puppet child emperor,
897:
891:
789:
606:
592:
409:
331:
313:
302:
281:
266:
8:
2647:Married Yang Shidao of Hongnong, Duke Ande (
986:. After Western Liang's destruction by the
962:(retired emperor). He died on 25 June 635.
4002:
3988:
3980:
3732:
3718:
3710:
3662:
2988:
2894:Married Pei Lüshi of Hedong, Duke Hedong (
2874:Married Xue Wanche of Hedong, Duke Wu'an (
2280:/嫔 博陵崔氏； d. 636), personal name Shanggui (
2244:Noble Imperial Concubine, of the Mo clan (
1182:, the son-in-law of Emperor Yang's sister
806:
623:
426:
89:
3525:, vol.01. Lady Dou's biographies in both
3495:(秋八月壬辰，追尊宣简公为宣皇帝，懿王为光皇帝，太祖武皇帝为高祖神尧皇帝...)
2513:/宝林 张氏; 589–645), personal name Chongze (
1567:. In summer 621, the Tang and Xia forces
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
3391:, a title reserved for retired emperors.
2943:), and had issue (one son, one daughter)
2736:Married Qiao Shiwang, Viscount Xiangyi (
2667:Married Dou Fengjie of Henan, Duke Zan (
2250:/贵嫔 莫氏; 597–618), personal name Lifang (
1917:), which was then renamed Da'an Palace (
1380:
41:This article includes a list of general
3468:
3466:
3441:
3439:
3422:
3365:
2802:Married Feng Daoyan of Bohai, Duke Mi (
3203:
3199:
3189:
3095:
2997:
2993:
2676:Married Helan Sengjia, Baron Tonghua (
2344:Imperial Concubine, of the Yang clan (
688:
491:
389:
312:Emperor Shényáo Dàshèng Dàguāng Xiào (
256:
3354:Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
3304:
3299:
3289:
3276:
3266:
3262:
3250:
3244:
3234:
3221:
3211:
3207:
3186:
3176:
3164:
3154:
3150:
3138:
3135:
3125:
3113:
3103:
3099:
3083:
3080:
3070:
3057:
3047:
3043:
3031:
3028:
3018:
3005:
3001:
2609:Married Zhangsun Xiaozheng of Henan (
2585:Married Dou Dan of Henan, Duke Shen (
2300:Imperial Concubine, of the Sun clan (
1628:Emperor Gaozu's cousin Dugu Huai'en (
1494:, who controlled the modern southern
1295:) write Li Yuan for him in this way:
1240:(both by Duchess Dou) and Li Zhiyun (
1138:Rebellion against Emperor Yang of Sui
1054:(Yang Jian) in 581, establishing the
1024:). Li Hu died before Yuwen Tai's son
7:
3472:According to Li Yuan's biography in
3445:According to Li Yuan's biography in
2969:Married Zheng Jingxuan of Xingyang (
2793:; 622–690), personal name Chengxia (
1634:), in 620, on accusation of treason.
1555:the Prince of Liang, roughly modern
1201:, the magistrate of Jinyang County (
1148:), the governor of Mayi Commandery (
3508:(二月....甲戌，亲飨太庙，上高祖谥曰神尧大圣大光孝皇帝，...)
2618:Married Duan Lun, Prince Jinchang (
2507:Treasured Lady, of the Zhang clan (
2201:Virtuous Consort, of the Yin clan (
1911:) to the subsidiary Hongyi Palace (
174:Retired Emperor of the Tang dynasty
2364:Fairness Lady, of the Zhang clan (
1586:Also in 621, Li Xiaogong defeated
1547:, the Emperor of Wu, in the lower
1094:rebelled near the eastern capital
1006:) served as a major general under
848:(7 April 566 – 25 June 635), born
47:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3566:Bennet Peterson, Barbara (2000).
2776:Married Yang Sijing of Hongnong (
2565:Married Feng Shaoshi of Changle (
2533:Treasured Lady, of the Liu clan (
2467:Talented Lady, of the Wang clan (
1930:to defeat and capture the Turkic
1609:Meanwhile, while not as noted as
990:, Li Gao's grandson Li Zhong'Er (
974:, the Han Chinese founder of the
4500:Sui dynasty government officials
2407:Fairness Lady, of the Liu clan (
2387:Fairness Lady, of the Guo clan (
2178:Noble Consort, of the Wan clan (
1828:), and Li Shimin's staff member
1026:Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou
102:
32:
16:Emperor of China from 618 to 626
3187:Emperor Gaozu of Tang (566–635)
2615:), and had issue (one daughter)
2487:Talented Lady, of the Lu clan (
2333:Li Yuanxiang, Prince Jiang'an (
1411:) in a coup led by the general
767:
746:
725:
711:
570:
549:
528:
514:
111:(1368–1644) depiction of Gaozu.
4510:Chinese emperors who abdicated
2826:Married Cui Gongli of Boling (
2716:Married Zhishi Sili, Duke An (
2315:/汉王 李元昌; 619–643), seventh son
828:
790:
687:
673:
659:
645:
607:
593:
490:
476:
462:
448:
410:
1:
3935:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2591:; 580–648), the third son of
2416:Li Yuanqing, Prince Daoxiao (
2210:Li Yuanheng, Prince Fengdao (
1393:Tang dynasty pottery warriors
1304:at Xianyang, and let us kill
421:"High Progenitor of the Tang"
183:4 September 626 – 25 June 635
127:18 June 618 – 4 September 626
4515:7th-century Chinese monarchs
4505:Emperors of the Tang dynasty
3741:Emperors of the Tang dynasty
2522:Li Yuanyi, Prince Zhenghui (
2502:/密贞王 李元晓; 628–676), 21st son
2496:Li Yuanxiao, Prince Mizhen (
2295:/邓康王 李元裕; 624–665), 17th son
2289:Li Yuanyu, Prince Dengkang (
2196:/楚哀王 李智; 604–617), fifth son
2098:, of the Dou clan of Henan (
1937:(Ashina Duobi), commented, "
1502:, who controlled the modern
4530:Transition from Sui to Tang
4011:Transition from Sui to Tang
2462:/虢庄王 李凤; 622–675), 15th son
2456:Li Feng, Prince Guozhuang (
2427:Beauty, of the Zhang clan (
2320:Imperial Concubine, of the
2270:Imperial Concubine, of the
2239:/鲁王 李零夔; 625–688), 19th son
1373:Transition from Sui to Tang
249:
168:Incorporated with the crown
118:Emperor of the Tang dynasty
4556:
3400:Given on 20 September 674.
3372:Was already in control of
3201:
3089:
2995:
2975:), and had issue (one son)
2682:), and had issue (one son)
2476:Li Yuanze, Prince Pengsi (
2396:Li Yuanli, Prince Xukang (
2309:Li Yuanchang, Prince Han (
2259:Li Yuanjing, Prince Jing (
2128:; d. 623), third daughter
1660:
1370:
1065:At some point, he married
18:
3884:
3875:
3747:
3698:
3683:
3670:
3665:
3283:
3264:
3256:
3228:
3209:
3205:
3170:
3152:
3144:
3119:
3101:
3097:
3064:
3045:
3037:
3012:
2999:
2971:
2959:
2950:
2939:
2934:; d. 724), 18th daughter
2930:
2919:
2910:
2896:
2887:
2876:
2867:
2852:
2839:
2828:
2819:
2804:
2795:
2789:
2778:
2769:
2758:
2749:
2738:
2729:
2718:
2709:
2698:
2689:
2678:
2669:
2664:; 619–673), 6th daughter
2660:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2587:
2578:
2567:
2558:
2544:
2542:Li Yuanying, Prince Teng
2535:
2524:
2515:
2509:
2498:
2489:
2478:
2469:
2458:
2449:
2438:
2429:
2418:
2409:
2402:/李元礼; 619–672), tenth son
2398:
2389:
2378:
2366:
2355:
2353:Li Yuanming, Prince Shu (
2346:
2335:
2326:
2311:
2302:
2291:
2282:
2276:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2235:
2223:
2212:
2203:
2192:
2180:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2124:
2120:Princess Zhao of Pingyang
2112:
2100:
1993:
1975:
1965:
1951:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1889:
1871:
1837:
1824:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1767:
1761:
1723:
1717:
1703:
1677:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1486:
1473:
1452:
1399:
1291:
1260:
1242:
1218:
1212:
1203:
1178:
1172:
1150:
1144:
1122:
1116:) region (roughly modern
1112:
1071:
1058:, as Emperor Wen's wife,
1038:
1020:
1002:
992:
898:
892:
839:
805:
622:
425:
399:
332:
329:
314:
303:
297:
282:
279:
267:
264:
255:
101:
3551:資治通鑑/卷193 Zizhi Tongjian
2693:; d. 688), 7th daughter
2635:; d. 648), 5th daughter
2606:; d. 655), 4th daughter
2482:/李元则; 620–651), 12th son
2442:/李元轨; 622–688), 14th son
2436:Li Yuangui, Prince Huo (
2422:/李元庆; 623–664), 16th son
2374:Li Yuanfang, Prince Zhou
2188:Li Zhiyun, Prince Chu'ai
2002:Chancellors during reign
1069:, a daughter of Dou Yi (
948:, the Crown Prince, and
588:Traditional Chinese
213:Da'an Palace, Chang'an,
21:Li Yuan (disambiguation)
4535:Emperor Taizong of Tang
3702:Emperor Taizong of Tang
3484:Old Book of Tang, vol.1
2447:Beauty, the Yang clan (
2233:Li Lingkui, Prince Lu (
1062:, was an aunt of his.
602:Simplified Chinese
62:more precise citations.
4520:Politicians from Xi'an
2917:Married Cui Xuanqing (
2216:; 619–632), eighth son
2173:; 603–626), fourth son
2149:; 598–649), second son
1672:
1394:
1386:
1319:
1310:
4525:Generals from Shaanxi
3409:Given on 6 March 754.
2963:), the second son of
2900:), the second son of
2856:; 609–655), a son of
2808:; 616–699), a son of
2629:Princess Changguang (
2382:; 619–629), ninth son
2322:Yang clan of Hongnong
2265:; 618–653), sixth son
2161:; 599–614), third son
2116:; 589–626), first son
1791:) and Qiao Gongshan (
1670:
1463:) by the Sui general
1392:
1384:
1010:'s paramount general
966:Early life and career
846:Emperor Gaozu of Tang
150:572 – 20 December 617
93:Emperor Gaozu of Tang
4495:Sui dynasty generals
3539:Bennet Peterson 2000
2576:Princess Xiangyang (
2548:; 630–684), 22nd son
2528:; 621–673), 13th son
2359:; 624–689), 18th son
2339:; 626–680), 20th son
2110:, Crown Prince Yin (
2091:Consorts and Issue:
1663:Xuanwu Gate Incident
1324:defeating Sui forces
238:(m. 581?; died 613?)
211:25 June 635(aged 69)
3679:Emperor Yang of Sui
3570:. M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
2928:Princess Changsha (
2837:Princess Hengyang (
2817:Princess Zhending (
2747:Princess Nanchang (
2707:Princess Jiujiang (
2658:Princess Fangling (
2556:Princess Changsha (
2143:, Emperor Taizong (
939:Emperor Yang of Sui
875:, and was based in
859:, was the founding
225:Xian Mausoleum (獻陵)
3675:Title last held by
2957:Married Wen Ting (
2908:Princess Guantao (
2865:Princess Danyang (
2787:Princess Huainan (
2696:Married Zhao Gui (
2687:Princess Changle (
2562:), first daughter
2272:Cui clan of Boling
2155:, Prince Weihuai (
1897:As retired emperor
1869:and Cheng Zhijie (
1673:
1611:Emperor Gao of Han
1395:
1387:
1254:) and her husband
1052:Emperor Wen of Sui
935:Emperor Wen of Sui
4540:Founding monarchs
4472:
4471:
4092:Princess Pingyang
3977:
3976:
3708:
3707:
3699:Succeeded by
3478:, he died on the
3344:
3343:
2954:), 19th daughter
2948:Princess Anding (
2914:), 17th daughter
2891:), 16th daughter
2885:Princess Linhai (
2871:), 15th daughter
2843:), 14th daughter
2823:), 13th daughter
2799:), 12th daughter
2773:), 11th daughter
2767:Princess Anping (
2727:Princess Luling (
2227:/昭仪 宇文氏, d. 634)
2167:, Prince Chaola (
2113:隱皇太子 李建成/隐皇太子 李建成
1779:), Yang Wen'gan (
1252:Princess Pingyang
1216:) and Gao Junya (
1154:, roughly modern
843:
842:
835:
834:
816:Standard Mandarin
774:
773:
706:Yale Romanization
633:Standard Mandarin
577:
576:
509:Yale Romanization
436:Standard Mandarin
388:
387:
340:
339:
301:Emperor Shenyao (
88:
87:
80:
4547:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3981:
3879:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3711:
3686:Emperor of China
3663:
3588:New Book of Tang
3576:Old Book of Tang
3571:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3519:
3513:
3506:
3500:
3493:
3487:
3475:Old Book of Tang
3470:
3461:
3448:Old Book of Tang
3443:
3434:
3427:
3410:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3383:
3377:
3370:
3301:Empress Yuanzhen
3081:Li Bing (d. 573)
2989:
2974:
2973:
2962:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2899:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2880:; d. 653) in 644
2879:
2878:
2870:
2869:
2855:
2854:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2753:),10th daughter
2752:
2751:
2741:
2740:
2733:), 9th daughter
2732:
2731:
2721:
2720:
2713:), 8th daughter
2712:
2711:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2600:Princess Gaomi (
2590:
2589:
2582:), 2nd daughter
2581:
2580:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2547:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2491:
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2472:
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2461:
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2264:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2194:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2160:
2159:
2148:
2147:
2127:
2126:
2115:
2114:
2103:
2102:
1996:
1995:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1954:
1953:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1892:
1891:
1874:
1873:
1840:
1839:
1827:
1826:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1706:
1705:
1680:
1679:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1569:engaged at Hulao
1539:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1489:
1488:
1476:
1475:
1461:Battle of Yanshi
1455:
1454:
1402:
1401:
1294:
1293:
1263:
1262:
1245:
1244:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1074:
1073:
1041:
1040:
1023:
1022:
1005:
1004:
995:
994:
980:Sixteen Kingdoms
901:
900:
895:
894:
831:
830:
807:
793:
792:
770:
769:
749:
748:
728:
727:
714:
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693:
692:
691:
676:
675:
662:
661:
648:
647:
624:
610:
609:
596:
595:
573:
572:
552:
551:
531:
530:
517:
516:
496:
495:
494:
479:
478:
465:
464:
451:
450:
427:
413:
412:
390:
335:
334:
317:
316:
306:
305:
285:
284:
270:
269:
257:
106:
97:
90:
83:
76:
72:
69:
63:
58:this article by
49:inline citations
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3362:
3350:
3345:
3136:Empress Jinglie
2986:
2756:Married Su Xu (
2525:鄭惠王 李元懿/郑惠王 李元懿
2089:
2004:
1985:
1899:
1665:
1659:
1379:
1377:Battle of Hulao
1369:
1140:
1084:second campaign
968:
801:(courtesy name)
798:Literal meaning
654:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
618:(personal name)
615:Literal meaning
457:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
418:Literal meaning
308:
292:Posthumous name
237:
226:
212:
196:
136:Emperor Taizong
112:
95:
94:
84:
73:
67:
64:
54:Please help to
53:
37:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4015:
4014:
4009:
4007:
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3999:
3992:
3984:
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3779:
3774:
3769:
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3754:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3697:
3682:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3666:Regnal titles
3661:
3660:
3600:Zizhi Tongjian
3596:
3584:
3572:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3543:
3541:, p. 179.
3531:
3514:
3501:
3488:
3462:
3435:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3388:Taishang Huang
3378:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2967:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2674:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2616:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2231:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2158:衛懷王 李玄霸/卫怀王 李玄
2150:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2117:
2104:; c. 569–613)
2101:太穆皇后 河南竇氏/河南窦氏
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:wǔ dé) 618–626
1984:
1981:
1898:
1895:
1749:Inner Mongolia
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1613:'s killing of
1368:
1365:
1275:Taishang Huang
1139:
1136:
1018:surname Daye (
996:) served as a
988:Northern Liang
967:
964:
959:Taishang Huang
841:
840:
837:
836:
833:
832:
825:
819:
818:
812:
811:
810:Transcriptions
803:
802:
799:
795:
794:
787:
781:
780:
776:
775:
772:
771:
764:
762:Middle Chinese
758:
757:
755:Middle Chinese
751:
750:
743:
737:
736:
730:
729:
722:
716:
715:
708:
702:
701:
699:Yue: Cantonese
695:
694:
684:
678:
677:
670:
664:
663:
656:
650:
649:
642:
636:
635:
629:
628:
627:Transcriptions
620:
619:
616:
612:
611:
604:
598:
597:
590:
584:
583:
579:
578:
575:
574:
567:
565:Middle Chinese
561:
560:
558:Middle Chinese
554:
553:
546:
540:
539:
533:
532:
525:
519:
518:
511:
505:
504:
502:Yue: Cantonese
498:
497:
487:
481:
480:
473:
467:
466:
459:
453:
452:
445:
439:
438:
432:
431:
430:Transcriptions
423:
422:
419:
415:
414:
407:
401:
400:
397:
396:
386:
385:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
365:
360:
354:
353:
348:
342:
341:
338:
337:
327:
326:
320:
319:
295:
294:
288:
287:
277:
276:
272:
271:
262:
261:
253:
252:
246:
240:
239:
232:
228:
227:
224:
222:
218:
217:
209:
205:
204:
193:
189:
188:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
114:
113:
107:
99:
98:
86:
85:
40:
38:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4552:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4403:Shan Xiongxin
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4363:Zhangsun Wuji
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4313:Fang Xuanling
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4175:Wang Shichong
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:Emperor Gaozu
4065:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4005:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3730:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3527:Books of Tang
3524:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3416:
3406:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3003:
2991:
2990:
2983:
2972:滎陽 鄭敬玄/荥阳 郑敬玄
2968:
2966:
2956:
2955:
2947:
2936:
2935:
2927:
2916:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2897:河東 裴律師/河东 裴律师
2893:
2892:
2884:
2877:河東 薛萬徹/河东 薛万彻
2873:
2872:
2864:
2859:
2858:Ashina Xichun
2849:
2848:Ashina She'er
2845:
2844:
2836:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2801:
2800:
2786:
2779:弘農 楊思敬/弘农 杨思敬
2775:
2774:
2766:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2735:
2734:
2726:
2719:執失思力/安国公 执失思力
2715:
2714:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2686:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2650:弘農 楊師道/弘农 杨师道
2646:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2594:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2568:長樂 馮少師/长乐 风少师
2564:
2563:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2541:
2540:
2532:
2521:
2520:
2506:
2495:
2494:
2486:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2455:
2454:
2453:/杨氏; d. 644)
2446:
2435:
2434:
2426:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2363:
2352:
2351:
2343:
2332:
2331:
2330:/嫔; 602–657)
2323:
2319:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2288:
2287:
2273:
2269:
2258:
2257:
2243:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2209:
2208:
2200:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2166:
2163:
2154:
2151:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2118:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2096:Empress Taimu
2094:
2093:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2080:Fang Xuanling
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1971:Daming Palace
1962:
1958:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1862:Zhangsun Wuji
1859:
1855:
1854:Fang Xuanling
1850:
1848:
1844:
1833:
1831:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1778:
1774:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1669:
1664:
1656:
1646:Liu Shirang (
1645:
1637:Li Zhongwen (
1636:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:Yangtze River
1546:
1541:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1481:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1465:Wang Shichong
1462:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1391:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1169:
1165:
1164:Eastern Turks
1161:
1157:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1031:
1030:Northern Zhou
1027:
1017:
1013:
1009:
999:
989:
985:
984:Western Liang
981:
977:
973:
965:
963:
961:
960:
955:
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
923:Wang Shichong
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
889:
885:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
855:
854:courtesy name
851:
847:
838:
826:
824:
820:
817:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
788:
786:
782:
777:
765:
763:
759:
756:
752:
744:
742:
738:
735:
731:
723:
721:
717:
709:
707:
703:
700:
696:
690:
685:
683:
679:
671:
669:
665:
657:
655:
651:
643:
641:
637:
634:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
605:
603:
599:
591:
589:
585:
580:
568:
566:
562:
559:
555:
547:
545:
541:
538:
534:
526:
524:
520:
515:Tòhng Gōu-jóu
512:
510:
506:
503:
499:
493:
488:
486:
482:
474:
472:
468:
463:Tarng Gautzuu
460:
458:
454:
446:
444:
440:
437:
433:
428:
424:
420:
416:
408:
406:
402:
398:
395:
391:
384:
381:
377:
374:
371:
367:
364:
361:
359:
355:
352:
349:
347:
343:
328:
325:
321:
311:
300:
296:
293:
289:
278:
273:
263:
258:
254:
251:
250:§ Family
247:
245:
241:
236:
235:Empress Taimu
233:
229:
223:
219:
216:
210:
206:
203:
202:Northern Zhou
199:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
110:
105:
100:
91:
82:
79:
71:
61:
57:
51:
50:
44:
39:
30:
29:
26:
22:
4459:Qianshuiyuan
4378:Wei Wensheng
4298:Cheng Yaojin
4215:Yang Xuangan
4077:Li Jiancheng
4066:
4033:Empress Xiao
4028:Emperor Yang
3923:N. Dynasties
3919:S. Dynasties
3751:
3690:
3684:
3677:
3671:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3567:
3560:Bibliography
3546:
3534:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3510:Jiu Tang Shu
3509:
3504:
3497:Jiu Tang Shu
3496:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3431:Jiu Tang Shu
3430:
3425:
3405:
3396:
3386:
3381:
3368:
3277:Lady Feilian
2940:昌黎 豆盧懷讓/豆卢怀让
2612:河南 長孫孝政/长孙孝政
2373:
2187:
2108:Li Jiancheng
2090:
2050:Yang Gongren
1988:
1955:, in modern
1948:
1939:Gaozu of Han
1931:
1925:
1904:
1900:
1877:
1851:
1841:, in modern
1834:
1803:, in modern
1771:, in modern
1753:
1747:and western
1707:, in modern
1692:
1683:
1674:
1608:
1585:
1561:
1542:
1508:
1482:
1479:
1458:
1429:
1421:crown prince
1417:Tang dynasty
1403:, in modern
1396:
1328:Yellow River
1320:
1315:
1311:
1306:Xin of Shang
1298:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1234:Li Jiancheng
1223:
1209:
1188:
1141:
1126:, in modern
1092:Yang Xuangan
1080:Emperor Yang
1077:
1064:
1060:Empress Dugu
1044:Dugu sisters
998:Northern Wei
969:
957:
946:Li Jiancheng
943:
908:
881:
865:Tang dynasty
856:
849:
845:
844:
823:Hanyu Pinyin
734:Southern Min
640:Hanyu Pinyin
571:Dang Kaw-tsú
550:Tn̂g Ko-tsóo
537:Southern Min
529:Tong Gou-zou
477:Tang Kao-tzu
443:Hanyu Pinyin
393:
309:
298:
215:Tang dynasty
142:Duke of Tang
109:Ming dynasty
74:
65:
46:
25:
4418:Yin Kaishan
4408:Pei Xingyan
4398:Wang Bodang
4388:Zhang Xutuo
4368:Gao Shilian
4338:Yuwen Shiji
4328:Liu Wenjing
4278:Yang Yichen
4273:Li Xiaogong
4263:Empress Cao
4256:key figures
4230:Wagang Army
4195:Yuwen Huaji
4180:Xu Yuanlang
4170:Shen Faxing
4155:Lin Shihong
4150:Liang Shidu
4116:Independent
4102:Li Shentong
4097:Li Xiaogong
3915:16 Kingdoms
3795:(2nd reign)
3784:(2nd reign)
2850:, Duke Bi (
2545:(滕王 李元嬰/李元婴
2536:寶林 柳氏/宝林 柳氏
2473:; 596–662)
2074:Gao Shilian
2068:Yuwen Shiji
2020:Liu Wenjing
1741:Liang Shidu
1729:Lin Shihong
1577:Xu Yuanlang
1553:Shen Faxing
1413:Yuwen Huaji
1363:to submit.
1349:Li Xiaogong
1199:Liu Wenjing
1056:Sui dynasty
1008:Western Wei
954:Xuanwu Gate
869:Sui dynasty
324:Temple name
195:7 April 566
155:Predecessor
60:introducing
4490:635 deaths
4485:566 births
4479:Categories
4428:Luo Shixin
4423:Chen Shuda
4413:Liu Hongji
4343:Chen Shuda
4293:Yuchi Gong
4288:Qin Shubao
4245:Lu Mingyue
4210:Fu Gongshi
4190:Xue Rengao
4165:Liu Wuzhou
4135:Gao Kaidao
4130:Fu Gongshi
4125:Dou Jiande
4118:contenders
4107:Li Daozong
3907:3 Kingdoms
3417:References
3222:Dugu Kuzhe
2853:阿史那社爾阿史那社尔
2829:博陵 崔恭禮/崔恭礼
2670:河南 竇奉節/窦奉节
2044:Chen Shuda
1935:Jiali Khan
1885:Chen Shuda
1867:Yuchi Gong
1817:chancellor
1687:concubines
1661:See also:
1604:Fu Gongshi
1565:Hulao Pass
1512:Dou Jiande
1448:Xue Rengao
1371:See also:
1230:Shibi Khan
1184:Yang Lihua
1168:Liu Wuzhou
931:Liu Wuzhou
927:Xue Rengao
919:Dou Jiande
668:Wade–Giles
471:Wade–Giles
449:Táng Gāozǔ
394:Tang Gaozu
43:references
4433:Yu Shinan
4393:Qutu Tong
4383:Lai Hu'er
4373:Tang Jian
4353:Hou Junji
4348:Feng Deyi
4323:Wei Zheng
4308:Chai Shao
4283:Yuwen Shu
4240:Zhai Rang
4225:Xiao Xian
4160:Liu Heita
4145:Li Zitong
4087:Li Yuanji
4082:Li Xuanba
4072:Li Shimin
4043:Yang Tong
3782:Zhongzong
3777:Wu Zetian
3767:Zhongzong
3460:calendar.
3248:(503–557)
3006:Li Tianxi
2965:Wen Yanbo
2931:長沙公主/长沙公主
2911:館陶公主/馆陶公主
2888:臨海公主/临海公主
2868:丹陽公主/丹阳公主
2840:衡陽公主/衡阳公主
2730:廬陵公主/庐陵公主
2702:; d. 688)
2690:常樂公主/长乐公主
2679:賀蘭僧伽/贺兰僧伽
2644:; d. 618)
2632:長廣公主/长广公主
2559:長沙公主/长沙公主
2165:Li Yuanji
2153:Li Xuanba
2141:Li Shimin
2133:Chai Shao
2070:(625–626)
2064:(624–625)
2058:(620–626)
2056:Feng Deyi
2052:(619–626)
2046:(618–626)
2028:(618–626)
2016:(618–626)
2010:(618–626)
2008:Li Shimin
1820:Feng Deyi
1805:Tongchuan
1737:Guangdong
1699:Wei Zheng
1588:Xiao Xian
1573:Liu Heita
1545:Li Zitong
1425:Yang Tong
1361:Chongqing
1340:Wei River
1336:Tong Pass
1332:Guanzhong
1256:Chai Shao
1238:Li Yuanji
1191:Li Shimin
1104:concubine
1100:Tong Pass
1012:Yuwen Tai
982:state of
950:Li Yuanji
888:Li Shimin
383:Lady Dugu
315:神堯大聖大光孝皇帝
275:Era dates
165:Successor
132:Successor
68:June 2011
4318:Du Ruhui
4303:Xu Shiji
4205:Du Fuwei
4048:Yang Hao
4038:Yang You
3864:Zhaozong
3849:Xuānzong
3834:Jingzong
3824:Xianzong
3819:Shunzong
3799:Xuanzong
3696:626–635
3603:, vols.
3512:, vol.09
3499:, vol.05
3433:, vol.01
3374:Chang'an
3348:See also
3246:Dugu Xin
3058:Lady Jia
2984:Ancestry
2860:, in 636
2846:Married
2812:, in 638
2810:Feng Lun
2593:Dou Kang
2588:河南 竇誕/窦诞
2553:Unknown
2184:/贵妃 万氏)
2131:Married
2038:Dou Kang
1983:Era name
1858:Du Ruhui
1843:Xiangfan
1773:Qingyang
1695:Wang Gui
1619:Peng Yue
1583:region.
1581:Shandong
1557:Zhejiang
1492:Du Fuwei
1469:Xu Shiji
1436:Xianyang
1405:Yangzhou
1270:Yang You
1248:Chang'an
1156:Shuozhou
1088:Goguryeo
1086:against
1067:Lady Dou
1048:Dugu Xin
1028:founded
976:Dunhuang
904:Yang You
884:Göktürks
726:Lei Jyun
720:Jyutping
712:Lèih Yūn
660:Lii Iuan
523:Jyutping
265:Li Yuan
231:Consorts
198:Chang'an
4442:Battles
4358:Xiao Yu
4268:Li Jing
4200:Zhu Can
4060:royalty
4021:royalty
3839:Wenzong
3809:Daizong
3793:Ruizong
3772:Ruizong
3762:Gaozong
3757:Taizong
3523:Sui Shu
2920:崔宣慶/崔宣庆
2739:喬師望/乔师望
2499:密貞王 李元曉
2479:彭思王 李元則
2419:道孝王 李元慶
2399:徐康王 李元禮
2350:/嫔 杨氏)
2336:江安王 李元祥
2306:/嫔 孙氏)
2292:鄧康王 李元裕
2213:酆悼王 李元亨
2193:楚哀王 李智雲
2170:巢剌王 李元吉
2032:Dou Wei
2026:Xiao Yu
1961:Shaanxi
1928:Li Jing
1881:Xiao Yu
1813:Sichuan
1809:Shaanxi
1745:Shaanxi
1733:Jiangxi
1615:Han Xin
1600:Guangxi
1504:Beijing
1409:Jiangsu
1357:Sichuan
1353:Shaanxi
1128:Taiyuan
1096:Luoyang
1034:Li Bing
1016:Xianbei
978:-based
877:Taiyuan
863:of the
861:emperor
850:Li Yuan
785:Chinese
768:Lí 'wen
674:Li Yüan
646:Lǐ Yuān
582:Li Yuan
405:Chinese
373:Li Bing
358:Dynasty
330:Gaozu (
159:Li Bing
56:improve
4454:Yanshi
4333:Pei Ji
4220:Luo Yi
4185:Xue Ju
4140:Li Gui
3947:W. Xia
3859:Xizong
3854:Yizong
3844:Wuzong
3829:Muzong
3814:Dezong
3804:Suzong
3672:Vacant
3593:vol. 1
3581:vol. 1
3480:gengzi
2902:Pei Ji
2805:渤海 封道言
2641:天水 赵慈景
2459:虢莊王 李鳳
2439:霍王 李元軌
2379:周王 李元方
2356:舒王 李元名
2327:嬪 弘農楊氏
2312:漢王 李元昌
2277:嬪 博陵崔氏
2262:荊王 李元景
2236:魯王 李靈夔
2224:昭儀 宇文氏
2146:太宗 李世民
2087:Family
2062:Pei Ju
2014:Pei Ji
1932:khagan
1883:, and
1860:, and
1830:Du Yan
1709:Handan
1598:, and
1500:Luo Yi
1444:Li Gui
1440:Shanxi
1432:Xue Ju
1359:, and
1345:regent
1302:Ziying
1225:khagan
1195:Pei Ji
1160:Shanxi
1132:Shanxi
1118:Shanxi
1108:Hedong
972:Li Gao
915:Li Gui
873:Shanxi
747:Lí Ian
741:Tâi-lô
544:Tâi-lô
379:Mother
369:Father
299:Short:
280:Wude (
221:Burial
180:Tenure
147:Tenure
45:, but
4464:Hulao
4449:Huoyi
4254:Other
4235:Li Mi
3891:Shang
3788:Shang
3752:Gaozu
3457:jiaxu
3453:jiaxu
3360:Notes
3029:Li Hu
2960:溫挺/温挺
2759:蘇勗/苏勖
2699:趙瑰/赵瑰
2621:段綸/段纶
2519:/宠则)
2510:寶林 張氏
2493:/鲁氏)
2490:才人 魯氏
2470:才人 王氏
2450:美人 楊氏
2433:/张氏)
2430:美人 張氏
2413:/刘氏)
2410:婕妤 劉氏
2390:婕妤 郭氏
2370:/张氏)
2367:婕妤 張氏
2256:/丽芳)
2247:貴嬪 莫氏
2204:德妃 尹氏
2181:貴妃 萬氏
2125:平陽昭公主
2082:(626)
2076:(626)
2040:(618)
2034:(618)
2022:(618)
1957:Baoji
1847:Hubei
1777:Gansu
1756:Li Yi
1713:Hebei
1596:Hunan
1592:Hubei
1520:Henan
1516:Hebei
1496:Anhui
1330:into
1287:Li Mi
857:Shude
829:Shúdé
779:Shude
346:House
310:Full:
260:Names
244:Issue
124:Reign
4058:Tang
3963:Qing
3959:Ming
3955:Yuan
3943:Song
3939:Liao
3931:Tang
3895:Zhou
3692:Tang
2951:安定公主
2820:真定公主
2790:淮南公主
2770:安平公主
2750:南昌公主
2710:九江公主
2661:房陵公主
2603:高密公主
2579:襄阳公主
2347:嬪 楊氏
2303:嬪 孫氏
1989:Wude
1944:pipa
1735:and
1724:諸葛德威
1697:and
1631:獨孤懷恩
1617:and
1518:and
1375:and
929:and
363:Tang
304:神堯皇帝
248:See
208:Died
192:Born
4019:Sui
3971:PRC
3967:ROC
3951:Jīn
3927:Sui
3911:Jìn
3903:Han
3899:Qin
3887:Xia
3657:194
3653:193
3649:192
3645:191
3641:190
3637:189
3633:188
3629:187
3625:186
3621:185
3617:184
3613:183
3609:182
3605:175
1976:大明宮
1966:仁壽宮
1952:九成宮
1920:大安宮
1914:弘義宮
1908:太極殿
1890:玄武門
1872:程知節
1800:仁智宮
1794:橋公山
1788:爾朱煥
1782:楊文幹
1762:可達志
1678:李道玄
1649:劉世讓
1640:李仲文
1537:李商胡
1525:李神通
1487:安興貴
1477:).
1474:盛彥師
1292:祖君彥
1243:李智雲
1219:高君雅
1145:王仁恭
1134:).
993:李重耳
911:Qin
899:大丞相
893:李世民
682:IPA
485:IPA
411:唐高祖
96:唐高祖
4481::
3969:/
3965:→
3961:→
3957:→
3953:→
3949:/
3945:/
3941:/
3937:→
3933:→
3929:→
3925:→
3921:/
3917:→
3913:/
3909:→
3905:→
3901:→
3897:→
3893:→
3889:→
3869:Ai
3655:,
3651:,
3647:,
3643:,
3639:,
3635:,
3631:,
3627:,
3623:,
3619:,
3615:,
3611:,
3607:,
3591:,
3579:,
3465:^
3438:^
2796:澄霞
2539:)
2516:寵則
2393:)
2286:)
2283:商珪
2253:麗芳
2207:)
1994:武德
1959:,
1856:,
1845:,
1838:樊城
1825:韋挺
1807:,
1775:,
1768:慶州
1718:館陶
1711:,
1704:魏州
1594:,
1559:.
1531:李蓋
1453:高墌
1438:,
1407:,
1400:江都
1355:,
1261:柴紹
1236:,
1228:,
1213:王威
1204:晉陽
1179:李敏
1173:李渾
1158:,
1151:馬邑
1130:,
1123:太原
1113:河東
1072:竇毅
1039:李昞
1021:大野
1003:李虎
925:,
921:,
917:,
879:.
852:,
791:叔德
608:李渊
594:李淵
351:Li
333:高祖
283:武德
268:李淵
200:,
4003:e
3996:t
3989:v
3878:唐
3733:e
3726:t
3719:v
3659:.
3595:.
3583:.
3486:.
2923:)
2832:)
2782:)
2762:)
2742:)
2722:)
2571:)
2376:(
2324:(
2274:(
2190:(
2122:(
1991:(
1973:(
1759:(
1484:(
1258:(
1110:(
1036:(
890:(
336:)
318:)
307:)
286:)
81:)
75:(
70:)
66:(
52:.
23:.
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