167:
960:
remain in the country and work during a designated period". Thus, this is kind of an "in-between status" that provides individuals temporary employment and temporary relief from deportation, but it does not lead to permanent residency or citizenship status. Therefore, an
Employment Authorization Document should not be confused with a legalization document and it is neither U.S. permanent resident status nor U.S. citizenship status. The Employment Authorization Document is given, as mentioned before, to eligible noncitizens as part of a reform or law that gives individuals temporary legal status
901:"in order to control and deter illegal immigration to the United States" resulting increasing patrolling of U.S. borders. Additionally, the Immigration Reform and Control Act implemented new employment regulations that imposed employer sanctions, criminal and civil penalties "against employers who knowingly illegal workers". Prior to this reform, employers were not required to verify the identity and employment authorization of their employees; for the very first time, this reform "made it a crime for undocumented immigrants to work" in the United States.
36:
98:
908:) was required to be used by employers to "verify the identity and employment authorization of individuals hired for employment in the United States". While this form is not to be submitted unless requested by government officials, it is required that all employers have an I-9 form from each of their employees, which they must be retain for three years after day of hire or one year after employment is terminated.
833:
the term of 'alien authorized to work for the specific employer incident to the status', usually who has petitioned or sponsored the persons' employment. In this case, unless otherwise stated by the U.S. Department of
Homeland Security, no approval from either the U.S. Department of Homeland Security or U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services is needed.
976:
or an environmental disaster". This status is granted typically for 6 to 18 month periods, eligible for renewal unless the individual's
Temporary Protected Status is terminated by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. If withdrawal of Temporary Protected Status occurs, the individual faces exclusion or deportation proceedings.
975:
Under
Temporary Protected Status, individuals are given relief from deportation as temporary refugees in the United States. Under Temporary Protected Status, individuals are given protected status if found that "conditions in that country pose a danger to personal safety due to ongoing armed conflict
832:
The following persons do not qualify for an
Employment Authorization Document, even if they are authorized to work in certain conditions, according to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service regulations (8 CFR Part 274a). Some statuses may be authorized to work only for a certain employer, under
221:
or within 30 days of a properly filed initial
Employment Authorization Document application based on an asylum application filed on or after January 4, 1995. The interim Employment Authorization Document will be granted for a period not to exceed 240 days and is subject to the conditions noted on the
225:
An interim
Employment Authorization Document is no longer issued by local service centers. One can however take an INFOPASS appointment and place a service request at local centers, explicitly asking for it if the application exceeds 90 days and 30 days for asylum applicants without an adjudication.
959:
Undocumented
Immigrants are individuals in the United States without lawful status. When these individuals qualify for some form of relief from deportation, individuals may qualify for some form of legal status. In this case, temporarily protected noncitizens are those who are granted "the right to
234:
The eligibility criteria for employment authorization is detailed in the
Federal Regulations section 8 C.F.R. §274a.12. Only aliens who fall under the enumerated categories are eligible for an employment authorization document. Currently, there are more than 40 types of immigration status that make
178:
To request an
Employment Authorization Document, noncitizens who qualify may file Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. Applicants must then send the form via mail to the USCIS Regional Service Center that serves their area. If approved, an Employment Authorization Document will be
153:
enhanced with multiple security features. The card contains some basic information about the immigrant: name, birth date, sex, immigrant category, country of birth, photo, immigrant registration number (also called "A-number"), card number, restrictive terms and conditions, and dates of validity.
896:
Undocumented immigrants have been considered a source of low-wage labor, both in the formal and informal sectors of the economy. However, in the late 1980s with an increasing influx of un-regulated immigration, many worried about how this would impact the economy and, at the same time, citizens.
929:
As an "Alien Authorized to Work," the employee must provide an "A-Number" present in the EAD card, along with the expiration day of the temporary employment authorization. Thus, as established by form I-9, the EAD card is a document which serves as both an identification and verification of
940:“increased the limits on lawful immigration to the United States," "established new nonimmigrant admission categories," and revised acceptable grounds for deportation. Most importantly, it brought to light the "authorized temporary protected status" for aliens of designated countries.
107:
1157:
1165:
216:
is an Employment Authorization Document issued to an eligible applicant when U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has failed to adjudicate an application within 90 days of receipt of a properly filed Employment Authorization Document
199:
For employment-based green card applicants, the priority date needs to be current to apply for Adjustment of Status (I-485) at which time an Employment Authorization Document can be applied for. Typically, it is recommended to apply for
943:
Through the revision and creation of new classes of nonimmigrants, qualified for admission and temporary working status, both IRCA and the Immigration Act of 1990 provided legislation for the regulation of employment of noncitizen.
999:(DAPA): If enacted, Deferred Action for Parents of Americans would provide parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents, protection from deportation and make them eligible for an Employment Authorization Document.
195:: Replaces a lost, stolen, or mutilated EAD. A replacement Employment Authorization Document also replaces an Employment Authorization Document that was issued with incorrect information, such as a misspelled name.
987:
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals was authorized by President Obama in 2012; it provided qualified undocumented youth "access to relief from deportation, renewable work permits, and temporary Social Security
235:
their holders eligible to apply for an Employment Authorization Document card. Some are nationality-based and apply to a very small number of people. Others are much broader, such as those covering the spouses of
259:
The category includes the persons who either are given an Employment Authorization Document incident to their status or must apply for an Employment Authorization Document in order to accept the employment.
189:: the renewal process takes the same amount of time as a first-time application so the noncitizen may have to plan ahead and request the renewal 3 to 4 months before expiration date.
1378:
Gonzales, Roberto G.; Terriquez, Veronica; Ruszczyk, Stephen P. (2014). "Becoming DACAmented Assessing the Short-Term Benefits of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)".
682:
811:
The following persons do not qualify for an Employment Authorization Document, nor can they accept any employment in the United States, unless the incident of status may allow.
565:
143:
287:
1460:
166:
951:, the United States intensified its focus on interior reinforcement of immigration laws to reduce illegal immigration and to identify and remove criminal aliens.
290:
degree holders, where the beneficiary must be employed for paid positions directly related to the beneficiary's major of study, and the employer must be using
1098:
1077:
898:
360:
1354:
1450:
996:
1038:
299:
The off-campus employment during the students' academic progress due to significant economic hardship, regardless of the students' major of study
1412:
Capps, R., Koball, H., Bachmeier, J. D., Soto, A. G. R., Zong, J., & Gelatt, J. (2016). "Deferred Action for Unauthorized Immigrant Parents"
981:
798:
174:
by USCIS in November 2018, and noting at the bottom that the card also serves as a Form I-512 providing for Advance Parole (EAD-AP combo card).
57:
776:
155:
130:
1248:
1223:
79:
1327:
761:
749:
731:
655:
499:
876:
for paid (can be unpaid) alternative study, pre-approved by the school, which must be the integral part of the students' study
434:
873:
399:
378:
280:
50:
44:
307:
who wish to pursue practical training which is directly related to the students' vocational training from the school
969:
666:
Asylum Application Pending filed before January 4, 1995, and applicant is not in exclusion/deportation proceedings
467:
149:
Currently the Form I-766 Employment Authorization Document is issued in the form of a standard credit card-size
61:
1455:
1328:"Through the prism of national security: Major immigration policy and program changes in the decade since 9/11"
844:
may qualify if they have been granted an extension beyond six years or based on an approved I-140 perm filing)
937:
1049:
948:
171:
853:(Dependents of L-1 visa are qualified to apply for an Employment Authorization Document immediately)
964:
Examples of "Temporarily Protected" noncitizens (eligible for an Employment Authorization Document)
815:
204:
at the same time so that visa stamping is not required when re-entering US from a foreign country.
1435:
1395:
17:
1073:
837:
Temporary non-immigrant workers employed by sponsoring organizations holding following status:
1308:
1244:
1219:
182:
Thereafter, USCIS will issue Employment Authorization Documents in the following categories:
146:(USCIS) that provides temporary employment authorization to noncitizens in the United States.
947:
The 9/11 attacks brought to the surface the weak aspect of the immigration system. After the
1387:
1300:
438:
219:
within 90 days of receipt of a properly filed Employment Authorization Document application
106:
1291:
Rojas, Alexander G. (2002). "Renewed Focus on the I-9 Employment Verification Program".
1140:
322:
Eligible dependents of employees of diplomatic missions, International Organization, or
388:
283:, either paid or unpaid, which must be directly related to the students' major of study
201:
97:
1444:
1399:
867:
nonimmigrant student status, with certain working-hour limitations, who is pursuing:
701:
Creation of Record (Adjustment Based on Continuous Residence since January 1, 1972)
296:
The internship, either paid or unpaid, with an authorized International Organization
150:
1123:
1011:
138:
905:
1391:
1312:
564:
Spouse or Dependent of Coordination Council for North American Affairs (E-1)/
179:
issued for a specific period of time based on alien's immigration situation.
170:
A Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document, issued to an applicant for
1189:
884:
864:
856:
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841:
826:
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304:
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248:
244:
240:
236:
27:
Document issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
881:
Exchange visitor employed by sponsoring organizations; limits may apply
1304:
1141:
Employment Authorization Document (EAD) Chart: Proof of Legal Presence
1326:
Mittelstadt, M.; Speaker, B.; Meissner, D. & Chishti, M. (2011).
1241:
Sacrificing Families: Navigating Laws, Labor, and Love Across Borders
821:
786:
772:
741:
Temporary Treatment Benefits Based on 8 CFR 244.5 (Extension of TPS)
537:
526:
487:
477:
316:
273:
1216:
Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America
807:
Persons who do not qualify for an Employment Authorization Document
1039:"Instructions for I-765, Application for Employment Authorization"
442:
165:
1436:
8 CFR 274a.12 - Classes of aliens authorized to accept employment
1124:
8 CFR 274a.12: Classes of aliens authorized to accept employment
870:
on-campus employment, regardless of the students' field of study
323:
267:
Citizens or nationals of countries falling in certain categories
1425:
1128:
via Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School
29:
1267:
685:
Section 203 Applicants who are Eligible to Apply for Relief
1218:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 266.
892:
Background: immigration control and employment regulations
589:
Nonimmigrant, Post-Completion Optional Practical Training
775:
who are Eligible for Family Unity in Accordance with the
578:
Nonimmigrant, Pre-Completion Optional Practical Training
1158:"TITLE 8 OF CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (8 CFR) | USCIS"
328:
Certain employment-based nonimmigrants; limits may apply
154:
This document, however, should not be confused with the
683:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act
1074:"Classes of aliens authorized to accept employment"
887:, only for the carrier who has employed the persons
600:Nonimmigrant, 24-month Extension for STEM Students
115:
Example EAD cards from 2017 (left) and 2011 (right)
912:I-9 qualifying citizenship or immigration statuses
904:The Employment Eligibility Verification document (
566:Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office
334:Persons within the adjustment-of-status categories
144:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
288:science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
264:Asylee/Refugee, their spouses, and their children
1426:I-765, Application for Employment Authorization
993:Currently Blocked and Awaiting Implementation
342:Employment Authorization Document Categories
193:Replacement Employment Authorization Document
8:
897:Consequently, in 1986, Congress enacted the
827:Transiting passengers via U.S. port-of-entry
123:Form I-766 employment authorization document
1243:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
286:Optional Practical Training for designated
955:Temporary worker: Alien Authorized to Work
920:A noncitizen national of the United States
340:
1430:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1359:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1190:"Definition of Terms | Homeland Security"
1145:via Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles
1103:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1046:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
214:interim Employment Authorization Document
187:Renewal Employment Authorization Document
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1355:"§ Sec. 244.12 Employment authorization"
997:Deferred Action for Parents of Americans
43:This article includes a list of general
1461:Identity documents of the United States
1023:
982:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
799:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
1268:"Employment Eligibility Verification"
1262:
1260:
7:
1184:
1182:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
723:Domestic of a United States Citizen
777:Legal Immigration Family Equity Act
312:J-1 Summer Work/Travel visa holders
899:Immigration Reform and Control Act
331:Certain family-based nonimmigrants
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
646:Nonimmigrant, Practical Training
347:Employment Authorization Document
18:Employment Authorization Document
1451:Immigration to the United States
105:
96:
34:
917:A citizen of the United States
142:, is a document issued by the
1:
1380:American Behavioral Scientist
1147:. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
874:curricular practical training
732:Employee of a Foreign Airline
674:Pending Adjustment of Status
270:Foreign students with active
1130:. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
1048:. 2015-11-04. Archived from
926:An alien authorized to work
506:Treaty, Trader, or Investor
923:A lawful permanent resident
712:Domestic of a Nonimmigrant
281:Optional Practical Training
1477:
1335:Migration Policy Institute
1293:Employment Relations Today
1099:"Employment Authorization"
1078:Government Printing Office
970:Temporary Protected Status
842:Dependents of H immigrants
468:Temporary Protected Status
370:Lawful Temporary Resident
1239:Abrego, Leisy J. (2014).
822:B-2 visitors for pleasure
518:Intra-company Transferee
361:Lawful Permanent Resident
337:Other eligible categories
255:Qualifying EAD categories
1392:10.1177/0002764214550288
863:Foreign student holding
425:N-8 or N-9 Nonimmigrant
938:Immigration Act of 1990
930:employment eligibility.
608:Spouse or Dependent of
548:Spouse or Dependent of
319:with certain regulation
136:, known popularly as a
64:more precise citations.
1214:Ngaio, Mae M. (2004).
175:
760:Irish Peace Process (
656:NATO-1 through NATO-7
538:U-2, U-3, U-4, or U-5
169:
949:September 11 attacks
172:adjustment of status
816:Visa waived persons
631:Spouse or Child of
343:
276:who wish to pursue
936:Concurrently, the
341:
176:
1386:(14): 1852–1872.
1305:10.1002/ert.10035
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797:Consideration of
402:(Granted Asylum)
317:exchange visitors
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16:(Redirected from
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1194:www.dhs.gov
1012:Work permit
433:Citizen of
315:Spouses of
217:application
208:Interim EAD
139:work permit
62:introducing
1445:Categories
1364:2016-03-01
1340:2016-03-01
1277:2016-03-01
1200:2016-03-01
1172:2016-03-01
1059:2016-03-01
1018:References
789:Dependent
435:Micronesia
305:M-1 status
274:F-1 status
222:document.
156:green card
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988:numbers".
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1006:See also
391:Refugee
349:Category
292:E-Verify
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389:Paroled
379:Refugee
58:improve
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787:T Visa
773:V visa
728:C17iii
400:Asylee
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1396:S2CID
1331:(PDF)
1272:USCIS
1053:(PDF)
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717:C17ii
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443:Palau
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