46:
273:
Epidemics usually occur due to either infected birds or mosquitoes migrating from endemic areas to non-endemic areas. The New South Wales government has placed 'sentinel flocks' of chickens near known bird breeding sites as an early warning system. These flocks are tested for MVE during the mosquito
294:
The incubation period following exposure to the virus is around 1 to 4 weeks. Following infection, a person has lifelong immunity to the virus. When a patient appears to show MVE symptoms and has been in an MVE-endemic area during the wet season, when outbreaks usually occur, MVE infection must be
223:
is endemic to
Northern Australia, it has occasionally spread to the southern states during times of heavy rainfall during the summer monsoon season via seasonal flooding of the Murray-Darling River system. These outbreaks can be "...decades apart, with no or very few cases identified in between".
282:
The majority of MVEV infections are sub-clinical, i.e. do not produce disease symptoms, although some people may experience a mild form of the disease with symptoms such as fever, headaches, nausea and vomiting and only a very small number of these cases go on to develop MVE. In fact,
307:
The scientific study of the genetics of MVEV has been facilitated by the construction and manipulation of an infectious cDNA clone of the virus. Mutations in the envelope gene have been linked to the attenuation of disease in mouse models of infection.
354:
Marshall ID, Brown BK, Keith K, Gard GP, Thibos E (1982). "Variation in arbovirus infection rates in species of birds sampled in a serological survey during an encephalitis epidemic in the Murray Valley of South-eastern
Australia, February 1974".
618:
603:
266:
The first epidemics of MVE occurred in 1917 and 1918 in
Southeastern Australia following years of high rainfall. The virus was isolated from human samples in 1951 during an epidemic in the
1742:
397:
683:
1498:
2001:
2014:
1752:
215:(MVE; previously known as Australian encephalitis or Australian X disease). In humans, it can cause permanent neurological disease or death. MVEV is related to
1127:
401:
764:
182:
332:
676:
1001:
1116:
405:
1979:
991:
1503:
1343:
669:
2047:
1278:
328:
1535:
1175:
774:
295:
confirmed by laboratory diagnosis, usually by detection of a significant rise of MVE-specific antibodies in the patient's
1826:
1821:
1429:
2052:
1456:
1451:
1439:
981:
864:
45:
1545:
1463:
1444:
810:
2019:
1668:
1131:
545:"Characterization of infectious Murray Valley encephalitis virus derived from a stably cloned genome-length cDNA"
1023:
1747:
1690:
1568:
1363:
888:
633:
1851:
1513:
1508:
1413:
1208:
1194:
1170:
1112:
922:
806:
1941:
1198:
1166:
1142:
977:
855:
779:
754:
740:
719:
426:
French EL (1952). "Murray Valley encephalitis isolation and characterization of the aetiological agent".
2042:
1631:
1540:
1518:
1182:
859:
291:
within the population estimate that only one in 800–1000 of all infections result in clinical disease.
1683:
1678:
1057:
522:
40:
1619:
1604:
1473:
1268:
622:
250:
1816:
1091:
943:
451:
284:
17:
2006:
1988:
1896:
1673:
1016:
830:
644:
566:
500:
443:
372:
177:
661:
1624:
1609:
1239:
1050:
1045:
556:
518:
490:
482:
435:
364:
208:
1701:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1122:
1033:
913:
908:
94:
1528:
1216:
1187:
495:
470:
439:
627:
2036:
1875:
1785:
1733:
1654:
1636:
1558:
1478:
1354:
1336:
1248:
1038:
695:
612:
237:
82:
455:
1993:
1889:
1715:
1489:
1304:
1223:
1157:
1146:
1103:
938:
931:
926:
881:
846:
789:
731:
267:
216:
130:
118:
106:
699:
638:
561:
544:
1973:
1720:
1710:
1614:
1595:
1422:
1417:
1313:
1077:
1011:
968:
898:
820:
744:
296:
1964:
649:
1907:
1837:
1807:
1757:
1641:
1523:
1404:
1259:
1137:
1068:
950:
799:
288:
200:
142:
236:
that is maintained in a bird-mosquito-bird cycle. Water birds from the order
1916:
708:
486:
245:
233:
220:
204:
70:
570:
504:
447:
376:
1958:
692:
255:
219:, which has a similar ecology, but a lower morbidity rate. Although the
197:
595:
368:
1846:
1795:
1773:
1292:
248:, provide the natural reservoir for MVEV. The major mosquito vector is
1884:
1663:
1392:
1381:
607:
1935:
241:
57:
955:
1939:
665:
299:. Of those who contract MVE, one-quarter die from the disease.
1583:
543:
Hurrelbrink RJ, Nestorowicz A, McMinn PC (1 December 1999).
254:. Human infection occurs only through bites from infected
258:; the virus cannot be transmitted from person to person.
398:"Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection—Fact Sheet"
585:
1948:
1905:
1873:
1864:
1835:
1805:
1783:
1772:
1731:
1699:
1652:
1593:
1582:
1556:
1487:
1402:
1391:
1380:
1352:
1302:
1291:
1257:
1237:
1155:
1101:
1090:
1066:
966:
844:
729:
718:
707:
589:
176:
171:
677:
8:
329:"Murray Valley Encephalitis (MVE) Factsheet"
1128:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
392:
390:
388:
386:
323:
321:
1936:
1870:
1780:
1590:
1399:
1388:
1299:
1098:
726:
715:
684:
670:
662:
586:
168:
29:
560:
494:
317:
1499:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
287:which measure the level of anti-MVEV
7:
333:New South Wales Department of Health
1002:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
519:"Deadly mosquito disease suspected"
440:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1952.tb74985.x
25:
475:Am J Public Health Nations Health
18:Encephalitis virus, murray valley
1980:Murray Valley encephalitis virus
1950:Murray Valley encephalitis virus
992:Western equine encephalomyelitis
982:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
192:Murray Valley encephalitis virus
172:Murray Valley encephalitis virus
157:Murray Valley encephalitis virus
44:
34:Murray Valley encephalitis virus
1117:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
402:Department of Health and Ageing
1279:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
1:
1536:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
775:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
1430:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
562:10.1099/0022-1317-80-12-3115
471:"Murray Valley encephalitis"
211:. It is the causal agent of
1452:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
1440:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
2069:
1464:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
1344:Sandfly fever Naples virus
213:Murray Valley encephalitis
27:Insect-borne viral disease
1132:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
39:
32:
1748:SARS-related coronavirus
1711:Henipavirus encephalitis
1569:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
1414:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1195:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1167:Arbovirus encephalitides
1143:Arbovirus encephalitides
1113:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1078:Banna virus encephalitis
978:Arbovirus encephalitides
923:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
889:Saint Louis encephalitis
856:Arbovirus encephalitides
807:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
741:Arbovirus encephalitides
1852:Yaba monkey tumor virus
1209:Kyasanur Forest disease
1171:Tick-borne encephalitis
872:Australian encephalitis
765:California encephalitis
487:10.2105/AJPH.42.12.1519
357:Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci
1199:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
780:La Crosse encephalitis
2048:Insect-borne diseases
1632:Marburg virus disease
1183:Powassan encephalitis
860:Japanese encephalitis
1058:Semliki Forest virus
523:ABC News (Australia)
408:on 18 September 2009
234:mosquito-borne virus
203:endemic to northern
41:Virus classification
1605:Ebola virus disease
1269:Colorado tick fever
1024:O'nyong'nyong fever
369:10.1038/icb.1982.52
285:serological surveys
251:Culex annulirostris
2053:Viral encephalitis
1817:Simian foamy virus
469:Burnet FM (1952).
183:Infectious disease
2030:
2029:
1942:Taxon identifiers
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1860:
1859:
1768:
1767:
1578:
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1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1287:
1286:
1086:
1085:
831:Rift Valley fever
659:
658:
274:breeding season.
188:
187:
166:Medical condition
164:
163:
16:(Redirected from
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2023:
2022:
2010:
2009:
1997:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1937:
1871:
1781:
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1364:Chandipura virus
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1240:Orthomyxoviridae
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1046:Ross River fever
811:Bunyamwera fever
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404:. Archived from
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209:Papua New Guinea
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30:
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1702:Paramyxoviridae
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1585:
1574:
1552:
1483:
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1368:
1348:
1332:Pappataci fever
1325:Oropouche virus
1320:Oropouche fever
1294:
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1253:
1233:
1151:
1123:Heartland virus
1093:
1082:
1062:
1034:Pogosta disease
962:
909:West Nile fever
840:
721:
710:
703:
690:
660:
655:
654:
598:
584:
579:
578:
555:(12): 3115–25.
542:
541:
537:
528:
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517:
516:
512:
481:(12): 1519–21.
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120:Amarillovirales
96:Kitrinoviricota
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28:
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12:
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696:viral diseases
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590:Classification
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582:External links
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525:. May 15, 2009
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335:. 2 March 2011
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1876:Rhabdoviridae
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1786:Herpesviridae
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1734:Coronaviridae
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1655:Rhabdoviridae
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1559:Herpesviridae
1555:
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1542:
1539:
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1527:
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1390:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1355:Rhabdoviridae
1351:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:Toscana virus
1335:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
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1277:
1272:
1271:
1270:
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1261:
1256:
1250:
1249:Bourbon virus
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
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1071:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:Sindbis virus
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1018:
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269:
268:Murray Valley
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238:Ciconiiformes
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84:Orthornavirae
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42:
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2043:Flaviviruses
1949:
1906:
1897:Mokola virus
1874:
1836:
1808:Retroviridae
1806:
1794:
1784:
1732:
1700:
1653:
1594:
1567:
1557:
1490:Bunyavirales
1488:
1405:Arenaviridae
1403:
1353:
1305:Bunyavirales
1303:
1258:
1238:
1224:Langat virus
1158:Flaviviridae
1156:
1147:Bhanja virus
1104:Bunyavirales
1102:
1067:
967:
939:Yellow fever
927:Dengue fever
876:
871:
847:Flaviviridae
845:
790:Tahyna virus
755:Bwamba Fever
732:Bunyavirales
730:
643:
632:
617:
602:
552:
548:
538:
527:. Retrieved
513:
478:
474:
464:
434:(4): 100–3.
431:
428:Med. J. Aust
427:
421:
410:. Retrieved
406:the original
363:(5): 471–8.
360:
356:
349:
337:. Retrieved
306:
293:
281:
278:Presentation
272:
265:
249:
240:, including
231:
217:Kunjin virus
212:
191:
190:
189:
156:
155:
143:
132:Flaviviridae
131:
119:
107:
95:
83:
71:
64:
54:(unranked):
33:
1974:Wikispecies
1596:Filoviridae
1418:Lassa fever
1314:Adria virus
1012:Chikungunya
969:Togaviridae
899:Usutu virus
821:Ngari virus
745:Batai virus
339:30 December
2037:Categories
1908:Poxviridae
1838:Poxviridae
1758:SARS-CoV-2
1260:Reoviridae
1138:Tete virus
1069:Reoviridae
951:Zika fever
800:Tete virus
698:(A80–B34,
645:DiseasesDB
529:2009-05-16
412:2008-08-28
312:References
289:antibodies
256:mosquitoes
246:cormorants
232:MVEV is a
201:flavivirus
144:Flavivirus
1917:Monkeypox
709:Arthropod
221:arbovirus
205:Australia
178:Specialty
151:Species:
79:Kingdom:
72:Riboviria
2007:11460314
1965:Q3053944
1959:Wikidata
1865:Multiple
1753:SARS-CoV
1743:MERS-CoV
932:DENV-1-4
720:Mosquito
693:Zoonotic
571:10567642
505:13007862
456:45376801
448:14909902
198:zoonotic
127:Family:
91:Phylum:
1867:vectors
1847:Tanapox
1796:B virus
1774:Primate
1293:Sandfly
1119:(CCHFV)
700:042–079
639:D018068
496:1526305
377:6299259
262:History
139:Genus:
115:Order:
103:Class:
1885:Rabies
1827:HTLV-2
1822:HTLV-1
1776:-borne
1664:Rabies
1586:-borne
1395:-borne
1393:Rodent
1384:-borne
1382:Mammal
1316:(ADRV)
1295:-borne
1094:-borne
722:-borne
711:-borne
569:
503:
493:
454:
446:
375:
242:herons
228:Vector
194:(MVEV)
2020:11079
2002:IRMNG
1994:44N5N
1625:ZEBOV
1529:THAIV
1017:CHIKV
650:32810
628:062.4
452:S2CID
303:Clone
297:serum
196:is a
65:Realm
58:Virus
2015:NCBI
1890:RABV
1691:CHPV
1679:DUVV
1674:MOKV
1669:ABLV
1642:RAVV
1637:MARV
1620:TAFV
1615:SUDV
1610:BDBV
1541:ANDV
1524:AMRV
1519:SEOV
1514:PUUV
1509:HTNV
1504:DOBV
1479:CHPV
1474:LUJV
1468:MACV
1457:SABV
1445:JUNV
1434:GTOV
1423:LASV
1273:CTFV
1228:LGTV
1217:AHFV
1213:KFDV
1203:OHFV
1188:POWV
1176:TBEV
1092:Tick
1028:ONNV
1006:VEEV
996:WEEV
986:EEEV
956:ZIKV
903:USUV
893:SLEV
882:KUNV
877:MVEV
835:RVFV
825:NRIV
815:BUNV
794:TAHV
784:LACV
759:BWAV
749:BATV
634:MeSH
623:9-CM
613:1C88
567:PMID
501:PMID
444:PMID
373:PMID
341:2011
244:and
207:and
1989:CoL
1721:NiV
1716:HeV
1684:LBV
1584:Bat
1546:SNV
1051:RRV
944:YFV
914:WNV
865:JEV
769:CEV
619:ICD
604:ICD
557:doi
491:PMC
483:doi
436:doi
365:doi
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2017::
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596:D
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