64:
378:
388:
44:
365:. The sepals, petals, and stamens alternate such that the stamens ultimately align with the sepals. The petals are white or pink in color. The fruit is a capsule with one or two seeds. Plants disperse their seeds by producing
956:
Species
Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas
1625:
1483:
1522:
1010:
1431:
1496:
1444:
1548:
1230:
1032:
Berry, Paul E.; William J. Hahn; Kenneth J. Sytsma; Jocelyn C. Hall & Austin Mast (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of
1117:
1635:
853:
is wide ranging across the continent, from
California to Alaska in the west, and from Newfoundland to North Carolina in the east, while
1249:
1630:
1470:
1501:
1509:
1112:. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, Volume 110. Bronx, New York, USA: The New York Botanical Garden Press.
436:. Botanists in the late 16th century believed Circe used the herb to charm Odysseus' companions, hence the common name
1353:
1150:
342:
184:
1640:
1561:
1177:
1172:
1087:
1082:
989:
984:
899:
894:
463:
1527:
1146:
1566:
63:
1242:
731:
1418:
791:
759:
689:
1405:
1296:
1236:
661:
1358:
818:, from near sea level to 5,000 meters (16,000 ft) altitude, and from 10°–70° N latitude.
1423:
1410:
1134:
886:
975:
745:
703:
296:
1164:
1449:
1379:
1268:
1074:
954:
815:
613:
277:
261:
1597:
1553:
603:
560:
288:
196:
157:
58:
1018:
717:
675:
167:
1535:
1488:
1366:
1113:
1053:
623:
1645:
1540:
1045:
807:
654:
338:
334:
293:
269:
17:
593:
433:
330:
314:
249:
101:
822:
is the most widespread species, ranging across North
America, Europe, and Asia. Likewise
643:
633:
479:
282:
88:
1198:
444:
of plants, which are unrelated). Molecular evidence indicates the closest relative to
1619:
1334:
950:
811:
398:
337:
with erect stems, which may or may not be branched. The stem leaves are opposite and
273:
188:
377:
1602:
387:
366:
43:
1371:
1345:
1514:
1457:
1328:
1589:
349:, with additional racemes at the apices of stem branches (if any). Flowers are
471:
441:
253:
147:
1319:
1392:
1579:
1057:
1574:
1313:
1049:
350:
137:
114:
1207:
State-level distribution maps from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1436:
921:
826:
ranges across continents, in North
America, European Russia, and Asia.
467:
450:
265:
1462:
362:
346:
127:
1475:
1290:
1036:(Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast DNA data".
1397:
429:
386:
376:
358:
354:
310:
257:
245:
75:
1294:
1384:
865:, is found wherever the ranges of its parent species overlap.
857:
is confined to the eastern half of North
America. The hybrid,
27:
Genus of flowering plants in the willowherb family
Onagraceae
454:, which diverged from it around 41 million years ago.
345:
leaf margins). The inflorescence is a terminal, erect
959:. Vol. 1. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii.
830:
occurs throughout Europe, ranging eastward to Iran.
1303:
790:. The hybrid is sterile but spreads vigorously by
881:
879:
877:
970:
968:
966:
833:Three taxa are known to occur in North America:
1209:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
1069:
1067:
317:who is said to have used the herb as a charm.
8:
369:that adhere to clothing, fur, and feathers.
448:is the lineage that gave rise to the genus
268:. Plants of the genus occur throughout the
1291:
42:
31:
1626:Taxa named by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
1145:. Vol. 13 – via eFloras.org,
873:
413:. Linnaeus also described a variety of
280:. Three taxa occur in North America:
203:
7:
1567:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60436661-2
25:
1133:Chen, Jiarui; Boufford, David E.
653:POWO also recognizes eight named
341:, with toothed edges (i.e., with
62:
252:in the evening primrose family
553:(Asch. & Magnus) P.H.Raven
417:, which later became known as
1:
440:(not to be confused with the
774:For example, the parents of
1636:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1151:Harvard University Herbaria
648:Wall. ex Asch. & Magnus
529:(Asch. & Magnus) Kitam.
405:by describing two species,
18:Enchanter's nightshade
1662:
1178:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1173:Plants of the World Online
1108:Gilman, Arthur V. (2015).
1088:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1083:Plants of the World Online
1038:American Journal of Botany
990:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
985:Plants of the World Online
900:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
895:Plants of the World Online
464:Plants of the World Online
428:refers to the enchantress
397:In 1753, Swedish botanist
309:refers to the enchantress
1273:(Enchanter's Nightshade)"
1147:Missouri Botanical Garden
202:
195:
59:Scientific classification
57:
50:
41:
34:
1631:Plants described in 1753
1250:"Enchanter's nightshade"
1243:Plant Identification UK
1011:"enchanter's nightshade"
541:(A.K.Skvortsov) Boufford
242:enchanter's nightshades
1237:English Country Garden
1149:, St. Louis, MO &
930:Flora of North America
505:(Hand.-Mazz.) Boufford
438:enchanter's nightshade
401:established the genus
394:
384:
1277:Minnesota Wildflowers
806:occur throughout the
466:(POWO) accepts eight
390:
380:
1110:New Flora of Vermont
1050:10.3732/ajb.91.4.601
1015:Oxford Dictionaries
920:Boufford, David E.
816:Northern Hemisphere
638:Siebold & Zucc.
618:(Pamp.) Hand.-Mazz.
614:Circaea glabrescens
462:As of August 2022,
305:. The generic name
278:Northern Hemisphere
1245:Accessed July 2011
1239:Accessed July 2011
1233:Accessed July 2011
978:Circaea canadensis
855:C. canadensis
839:Circaea canadensis
824:Circaea canadensis
788:C. canadensis
608:Franch. & Sav.
604:Circaea erubescens
579:Circaea canadensis
570:Circaea canadensis
561:Circaea canadensis
419:Circaea canadensis
395:
385:
289:Circaea canadensis
264:, including eight
256:. About two dozen
1641:Onagraceae genera
1613:
1612:
1536:Open Tree of Life
1297:Taxon identifiers
1271:Circaea lutetiana
1167:Circaea lutetiana
1119:978-0-89327-516-7
1021:on March 4, 2016.
841:, and the hybrid
828:Circaea lutetiana
802:Members of genus
624:Circaea lutetiana
586:(Maxim.) Boufford
442:nightshade family
424:The generic name
415:C. lutetiana
407:Circaea lutetiana
382:Circaea lutetiana
335:herbaceous plants
325:Members of genus
232:
231:
226:
218:
210:
191:
52:Circaea lutetiana
16:(Redirected from
1653:
1606:
1605:
1593:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1569:
1557:
1556:
1544:
1543:
1531:
1530:
1518:
1517:
1515:NHMSYS0000457338
1505:
1504:
1492:
1491:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1465:
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1362:
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1349:
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1339:
1338:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1231:Natural England.
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1153:, Cambridge, MA.
1130:
1124:
1123:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1017:. Archived from
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
972:
961:
960:
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
883:
792:vegetative means
770:
756:
742:
728:
727:(Honda) Boufford
714:
700:
686:
672:
649:
639:
629:
619:
609:
599:
587:
566:
554:
542:
530:
518:
506:
485:
250:flowering plants
224:
216:
208:
183:
67:
66:
46:
32:
21:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1573:
1565:
1560:
1552:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1435:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1299:
1281:
1279:
1267:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1227:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
974:
973:
964:
949:
948:
944:
934:
932:
919:
918:
914:
904:
902:
885:
884:
875:
871:
800:
768:
754:
740:
726:
712:
698:
684:
670:
647:
637:
627:
617:
607:
597:
594:Circaea cordata
585:
564:
552:
540:
528:
516:
504:
483:
460:
434:Greek mythology
375:
323:
315:Greek mythology
182:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1603:wfo-4000008361
1594:
1584:
1571:
1558:
1545:
1532:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1480:
1467:
1454:
1441:
1428:
1415:
1402:
1389:
1376:
1363:
1350:
1340:
1325:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1265:
1254:Woodland Trust
1246:
1240:
1234:
1226:
1225:External links
1223:
1221:
1220:
1190:
1156:
1143:Flora of China
1125:
1118:
1100:
1077:Circaea alpina
1063:
1024:
1002:
962:
951:Linnaeus, Carl
942:
912:
872:
870:
867:
851:C. alpina
835:Circaea alpina
820:Circaea alpina
812:boreal forests
799:
796:
784:C. alpina
772:
771:
757:
743:
729:
715:
701:
687:
673:
651:
650:
644:Circaea repens
640:
634:Circaea mollis
630:
620:
610:
600:
590:
589:
588:
576:
557:
556:
555:
546:Circaea alpina
543:
534:Circaea alpina
531:
522:Circaea alpina
519:
510:Circaea alpina
507:
498:Circaea alpina
495:
489:Circaea alpina
480:Circaea alpina
459:
456:
411:Circaea alpina
392:Circaea alpina
374:
371:
322:
319:
283:Circaea alpina
274:boreal forests
230:
229:
228:
227:
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206:Carlostephania
200:
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2:
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1368:
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1089:
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1078:
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1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:(4): 601–14.
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
991:
987:
986:
981:
979:
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958:
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952:
946:
943:
931:
927:
925:
916:
913:
901:
897:
896:
892:
890:
882:
880:
878:
874:
868:
866:
864:
861: ×
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
797:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
767:
766:
762:
758:
753:
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748:
744:
739:
738:
734:
730:
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724:
720:
716:
711:
710:
706:
702:
697:
696:
692:
688:
683:
682:
678:
674:
669:
668:
664:
660:
659:
658:
656:
646:
645:
641:
636:
635:
631:
626:
625:
621:
616:
615:
611:
606:
605:
601:
596:
595:
591:
584:
583:quadrisulcata
580:
577:
575:
571:
568:
567:
563:
562:
558:
551:
547:
544:
539:
535:
532:
527:
523:
520:
517:(Kom.) Tatew.
515:
511:
508:
503:
499:
496:
494:
490:
487:
486:
482:
481:
477:
476:
475:
473:
469:
465:
457:
455:
453:
452:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:Carl Linnaeus
393:
389:
383:
379:
372:
370:
368:
364:
361:, and 2
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
320:
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308:
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299:
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139:
136:
133:
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129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
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110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:Tracheophytes
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1304:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:
1270:
1257:. Retrieved
1253:
1211:. Retrieved
1206:
1200:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1171:
1166:
1159:
1142:
1136:
1128:
1109:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1081:
1076:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1019:the original
1014:
1005:
993:. Retrieved
983:
977:
955:
945:
933:. Retrieved
929:
923:
915:
903:. Retrieved
893:
888:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
832:
827:
823:
819:
803:
801:
798:Distribution
787:
783:
779:
775:
773:
764:
760:
750:
746:
736:
732:
722:
718:
708:
704:
694:
690:
680:
676:
666:
662:
652:
642:
632:
622:
612:
602:
592:
582:
581:subsp.
578:
573:
572:subsp.
569:
559:
549:
548:subsp.
545:
537:
536:subsp.
533:
525:
524:subsp.
521:
513:
512:subsp.
509:
502:angustifolia
501:
500:subsp.
497:
492:
491:subsp.
488:
478:
461:
449:
445:
437:
425:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
396:
391:
381:
353:with 2
326:
324:
306:
301:
297:
287:
281:
241:
236:
235:
233:
221:
213:
205:
178:
177:
121:
108:
95:
82:
51:
35:
29:
1458:iNaturalist
1329:Wikispecies
737:skvortsovii
321:Description
158:Onagroideae
154:Subfamily:
102:Angiosperms
1620:Categories
1476:60436661-2
980:(L.) Hill"
869:References
765:taronensis
695:intermedia
574:canadensis
514:caulescens
472:subspecies
470:and eight
292:, and the
260:have been
254:Onagraceae
214:Ocimastrum
148:Onagraceae
1282:17 August
1259:17 August
1213:19 August
1183:18 August
1093:16 August
995:16 August
935:21 August
926:Linnaeus"
905:16 August
808:temperate
667:decipiens
565:(L.) Hill
538:micrantha
357:, 2
339:petiolate
331:perennial
270:temperate
262:described
209:Bubani
168:Circaeeae
72:Kingdom:
1587:VASCAN:
1580:40009201
1575:Tropicos
1314:Wikidata
1058:21653416
953:(1753).
863:sterilis
847:sterilis
780:sterilis
755:Boufford
751:sterilis
741:Boufford
713:Boufford
709:mentiens
671:Boufford
550:pacifica
526:imaicola
373:Taxonomy
351:dimerous
302:sterilis
244:, are a
217:Rupr.
197:Synonyms
144:Family:
138:Myrtales
115:Eudicots
1646:Circaea
1489:1275106
1437:3188793
1335:Circaea
1320:Q158100
1305:Circaea
1201:Circaea
1137:Circaea
1034:Fuchsia
924:Circaea
889:Circaea
845:×
843:Circaea
814:of the
804:Circaea
778:×
776:Circaea
763:×
761:Circaea
749:×
747:Circaea
735:×
733:Circaea
721:×
719:Circaea
707:×
705:Circaea
693:×
691:Circaea
679:×
677:Circaea
665:×
663:Circaea
655:hybrids
468:species
451:Fuchsia
446:Circaea
426:Circaea
403:Circaea
363:stamens
343:dentate
327:Circaea
307:Circaea
300:×
298:Circaea
276:of the
266:species
237:Circaea
179:Circaea
174:Genus:
164:Tribe:
134:Order:
76:Plantae
36:Circaea
1549:PLANTS
1541:240815
1424:107126
1411:107126
1359:121379
1346:189487
1343:APDB:
1116:
1056:
685:H.Hara
493:alpina
359:petals
355:sepals
347:raceme
294:hybrid
225:Dulac
222:Regmus
185:Tourn.
128:Rosids
1554:CIRCA
1528:13010
1502:27562
1484:IRMNG
1463:47933
1398:1CJIG
1385:71213
723:ovata
699:Ehrh.
681:dubia
598:Royle
432:from
430:Circe
367:burrs
313:from
311:Circe
246:genus
240:, or
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
83:Clade
1562:POWO
1523:NCBI
1497:ITIS
1471:IPNI
1450:2622
1445:GRIN
1432:GBIF
1393:EPPO
1372:3Q3C
1354:BOLD
1284:2022
1261:2022
1215:2022
1185:2022
1114:ISBN
1095:2022
1054:PMID
997:2022
937:2022
907:2022
810:and
786:and
782:are
769:H.Li
458:Taxa
409:and
329:are
272:and
258:taxa
234:The
1598:WFO
1590:998
1510:NBN
1419:FoC
1406:FNA
1380:EoL
1367:CoL
1169:L."
1079:L."
1046:doi
891:L."
248:of
187:ex
1622::
1600::
1577::
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1551::
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1499::
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1275:.
1252:.
1205:.
1176:.
1141:.
1086:.
1066:^
1052:.
1042:91
1040:.
1013:.
988:.
982:.
965:^
928:.
898:.
876:^
859:C.
849:.
837:,
794:.
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628:L.
484:L.
474::
421:.
333:,
286:,
189:L.
124::
111::
98::
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1286:.
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1217:.
1203:"
1199:"
1187:.
1165:"
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1097:.
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1048::
999:.
976:"
939:.
922:"
909:.
887:"
20:)
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