283:
350:
341:. In 1985, a two-volume index was added, as well as other refinements. Robert P. Gwinn succeeded Benton as publisher and chairman of Britannica in 1974. He divided the company's operations into Britannica USA and Britannica International. In 1990, nearly 120,000 encyclopædias were sold in the United States, with sales for the year rising to $ 650 million. By 1994, sales had slumped to $ 453 million, with only 51,000 sets being sold in the US. Sales continued to decline after 1994, finally forcing the company to close more than 70 per cent of its sales offices.
167:
365:
along with 300 independent contractors. In 1999, they launched
Britannica.com, which contained the complete Encyclopædia Britannica. The website repeatedly crashed on its opening day, due to an estimated ten million users attempting to access the site. After several days of continued problems it was shut down, and restarted a few weeks later with upgraded capacity. Britannica.com laid off 20 per cent of its work force one year later.
219:
318:, then vice president of the university, offered to put up the operating capital to protect the university against any losses. Benton bought two‐thirds of the stock, and subsequently bought the remaining third. In 1952, Benton started preparations for the fifteenth edition. Britannica acquired Merriam-Webster in 1964 and
290:
In 1915, Sears agreed to market a new and less expensive version of the eleventh edition for middle-class buyers. In 1920, Sears bought
Britannica outright, and after only three years of operation, Sears reported a loss of $ 1.8 million. In 1923, they sold the company back to the widow of Hooper (who
368:
In 2009, Britannica Global
Edition was printed with 30 volumes. It contained over 40,000 articles and 8,500 photographs. In 2012, after 244 years, Britannica ended the print editions, with the 32 volumes of the 2010 installment being the last on paper; future editions have been published exclusively
364:
In 1996, Britannica was sold to an investment group led by Jacob E. Safra, a
Switzerland-based financier. He restructured the company, laying off more than 120 people including many of the company's top employees. Safra also dissolved the home sales force, with an additional 140 losing their jobs,
262:
Beginning with the ninth edition in 1875, the range of topics were expanded by bringing in contributors from the literary field, social sciences and the scientific community. The ninth edition has since been acknowledged as one of the most impressive collections of scholarship ever produced.
291:
had died in 1922) and her brother
William Cox. They published the twelfth and thirteenth editions in 1922 and 1926. After Cox failed to raise the money needed to publish the fourteenth edition, Sears ended up financing it, and resumed ownership of Britannica in 1928.
377:
with accurate information. In 2019, in a partnership with Binumi, Britannica released a video product that gives schools the opportunity to use millions of royalty-free multimedia clips to create digital storytelling projects about content they are already teaching.
249:, who produced most of the articles in the first edition. The second edition was published in 1784. After Macfarquhar's death in 1793, Bell became its sole proprietor and published the third and fourth editions.
834:
804:
1081:
1061:
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608:
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864:
676:
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385:, an encyclopedia aimed primarily at younger readers, covering major topics. The encyclopedia was widely praised for bringing back the print format. It was
418:
826:
408:
205:
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413:
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270:
and Walter M. Jackson purchased all copyrights to the encyclopædia. Hooper and
Jackson formed companies in both the United States and England.
298:, and staffing booths at conventions and shopping centres. In 1938, Britannica began publishing a yearly synopsis of world events, called the
1066:
796:
536:
294:
In 1932, Sears restructured
Britannica, ending sales through their outlets, opting instead for a network of sales representatives who went
282:
542:
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1041:
1000:
428:
594:
423:
717:
1023:
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246:
856:
698:
668:
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184:, the world's oldest continuously published encyclopaedia. The company also owns the American dictionary publisher
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311:
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124:
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bought the copyrights to the encyclopædia at auction, and they published it for the next 70 years.
252:
189:
916:
255:, an Edinburgh publisher, published the fifth and sixth editions. When Constable died in 1827,
980:
532:
526:
238:
193:
67:
972:
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17:
960:"The Evolution of the Encyclopaedia Britannica: From the Macropaedia to Britannica Online"
325:
Benton died in 1973, before the fifteenth edition was published in 1974. The newly titled
185:
129:
923:. Vol. 188, no. 27. The Curtis Publishing Company. 1 January 1916. p. 36.
166:
528:
Edinburgh
History of Scottish Literature: Enlightenment, Britain and Empire (1707-1918)
256:
369:
online since. In 2018, the company released
Britannica Insights, an extension for the
1035:
374:
370:
334:
330:
271:
797:"The new Children's Britannica: a fantastic voyage through the history of the world"
295:
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by Sears. However, the university did not believe they could manage the company.
338:
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113:
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230:
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53:
1001:"Encyclopædia Britannica's President on Killing Off a 244-Year-Old Product"
383:
Britannica All New
Children's Encyclopedia: What We Know and What We Don't
233:, Scotland, in the 18th century, during the historical period termed the
857:"Britannica All New Children's Encyclopedia edited by Christopher Lloyd"
749:"Britannica Insights Is a Chrome Extension to Fix False Google Results"
604:
358:
93:
827:"Why printed encyclopedias for children are more important than ever"
160:
499:
Smith, William C. (2 February 2004). "Venerable tomes go digital".
348:
281:
217:
718:"Encyclopedia Britannica halts print publication after 244 years"
473:
Advertisement for the 11th edition, "Handy Volume", by Sears in
274:
became the editor for the tenth, eleventh and twelfth editions.
353:
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.'s current headquarters, the
337:
and a one-volume guide to the encyclopædia's use, called
939:"Watch out Knowledge (XXG), here comes Britannica 2.0"
192:
and historically British, the company is now based in
439:
Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corp. v. Crooks
154:
143:
135:
123:
100:
89:
81:
60:
37:
958:
245:began the first edition in 1768. The pair engaged
1018:
767:"Britannica Launches Video Storytelling Platform"
393:was acquired by Encyclopædia Britannica in 2020.
531:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 199–200.
434:Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite
389:'s first encyclopedia for children since 1984.
887:"Encyclopaedia Britannica Acquires ProCon.org"
593:Martin, Jonathan; Uhle, Frank (8 March 2020).
381:In 2020, Encyclopædia Britannica released the
1082:Publishing companies established in the 1760s
525:Finkelstein, David (2006). Brown, Ian (ed.).
8:
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586:
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32:
1062:Book publishing companies based in Illinois
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669:"Deal Is Set for Encyclopaedia Britannica"
165:
31:
150:About 400 (300 in Chicago, 100 worldwide)
632:
630:
628:
626:
419:Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
178:is the company known for publishing the
491:
466:
286:Shipping box for the fourteenth edition
667:Feder, Barnaby J. (19 December 1995).
409:Encyclopædia Britannica Second Edition
1077:British companies established in 1768
1047:Book publishing companies of Scotland
957:Auchter, Dorothy (1 September 1999).
937:Hutcheon, Stephen (23 January 2009).
867:from the original on 14 December 2021
807:from the original on 14 December 2021
414:Encyclopædia Britannica Third Edition
404:Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition
373:. The extension supplements Google's
310:In 1941, Britannica was given to the
7:
837:from the original on 10 January 2021
728:from the original on 3 December 2017
897:from the original on 2 October 2021
648:from the original on 19 August 2020
638:"Britannica Buying Merriam-Webster"
222:Front page of volume 3 of the 1778
917:"The New Encyclopaedia Britannica"
545:from the original on 1 August 2020
25:
777:from the original on 31 July 2020
611:from the original on 31 July 2020
747:Matsakis, Louise (7 June 2018).
679:from the original on 21 May 2020
355:Reid, Murdoch & Co. Building
1052:1768 establishments in Scotland
716:McCarthy, Tom (13 March 2012).
595:"Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc"
429:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
144:
1:
1092:1996 mergers and acquisitions
449:List of encyclopedias by date
424:Encyclopædia Britannica Films
329:was composed of a ten-volume
176:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
33:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
1067:Companies based in Edinburgh
999:Cauz, Jorge (1 March 2013).
454:List of online encyclopedias
322:as well in the early 1960s.
43:; 256 years ago
18:Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.
699:"Britannica Global Edition"
300:Britannica Book of the Year
229:The company was founded in
1108:
1057:Companies based in Chicago
203:
977:10.1108/00907329910275196
965:Reference Services Review
921:The Saturday Evening Post
476:The Saturday Evening Post
501:The National Law Journal
196:, in the United States.
188:. Originally founded in
161:corporate.britannica.com
1042:Encyclopædia Britannica
1025:Encyclopædia Britannica
1005:Harvard Business Review
861:The School Reading List
306:Benton family ownership
278:Sears Roebuck ownership
224:Encyclopædia Britannica
208:Encyclopædia Britannica
181:Encyclopædia Britannica
444:Lists of encyclopedias
361:
320:Compton's Encyclopedia
287:
235:Scottish Enlightenment
226:
943:Sydney Morning Herald
771:TechLearning Magazine
644:. 11 September 1964.
352:
312:University of Chicago
285:
221:
90:Headquarters location
1087:Reference publishers
1072:History of Edinburgh
833:. 19 November 2020.
257:A & C Black Ltd.
801:www.telegraph.co.uk
773:. 24 January 2019.
253:Archibald Constable
190:Edinburgh, Scotland
34:
863:. 8 October 2020.
673:The New York Times
642:The New York Times
371:Chrome web browser
362:
288:
227:
27:American publisher
538:978-0-7486-3064-6
375:featured snippets
239:Colin Macfarquhar
194:Chicago, Illinois
173:
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82:Country of origin
68:Colin Macfarquhar
16:(Redirected from
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1027:company history.
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147:of employees
139:Jacqui Safra
108:Jacqui Safra
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901:10 December
811:14 December
243:Andrew Bell
110:(President)
73:Andrew Bell
1036:Categories
891:ProCon.org
487:References
391:ProCon.org
387:Britannica
335:Macropædia
331:Micropædia
114:Jorge Cauz
101:Key people
56:, Scotland
985:0090-7324
266:In 1901,
231:Edinburgh
54:Edinburgh
990:16 March
948:16 March
895:Archived
865:Archived
835:Archived
805:Archived
781:10 April
775:Archived
726:Archived
677:Archived
652:10 April
646:Archived
615:10 April
609:Archived
543:Archived
397:See also
339:Propædia
136:Owner(s)
125:Imprints
85:Scotland
871:17 July
732:9 April
683:9 April
605:Cengage
549:9 April
479:(1916).
359:Chicago
200:History
94:Chicago
61:Founder
46: (
38:Founded
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841:4 June
535:
753:Wired
503:: P8.
461:Notes
116:(CEO)
992:2020
981:ISSN
950:2020
903:2020
873:2021
843:2021
813:2021
783:2020
734:2020
685:2020
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617:2020
551:2020
533:ISBN
241:and
48:1768
41:1768
973:doi
357:in
145:No.
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